不规则动词中的规则
英语动词不规则变化表
★☆英语动词不规则变化表☆★安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学238072 葛平时态是中学阶段的重点，也是难点，而与其息息相关的动词（尤其是不规则动词）的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记，令人头疼。
可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。
★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
（共9个）cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurtlet—let— letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。
（共41个）1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
（3个）bring—brought—broughtbuy— bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。
（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent— lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent— spent3过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught4把-eep变为-ept。
（3个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep— swept—swept5把-ell变为-old。
（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
（4个）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt— feltspill—spilt—spilt7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
（3个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。
不规则动词变化规律
不规则动词变化规律动词是语言学中的重要组成部分，它们不仅能表达动作和状态，还可以用于时态、语态、人称和数等方面的变化。
在英语中，动词的规则变化往往是按照词尾的变化来进行的，但有些动词则不按照规则来变化，这些动词被称为“不规则动词”。
一、过去式和过去分词的变化规律1. 以“e”结尾的动词，过去式和过去分词在词尾加“d”如：live-lived-lived, love-loved-loved, hope-hoped-hoped。
2. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母，再加“ed”如：stop-stopped-stopped, plan-planned-planned, rob-robbed-robbed。
3. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，将“y”改为“i”，再加“ed”如：study-studied-studied, carry-carried-carried, try-tried-tried。
4. 不规则动词不规则动词没有固定的变化规律，需要记忆。
如：be-was/were-been, have-had-had, do-did-done。
二、第三人称单数的变化规律第三人称单数一般在动词词尾加“s”或“es”，但对于以下情况，需要注意：1. 以“sh”、“ch”、“x”、“o”结尾的动词，在词尾加“es”如：brush-brushes, watch-watches, fix-fixes, go-goes。
2. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，将“y”改为“i”，再加“es”如：study-studies, fly-flies, try-tries。
3. 不规则动词不规则动词第三人称单数形式需要记忆。
如：have-has, do-does, be-is。
三、特殊情况1. 动词“to be”动词“to be”在变化形式上更加特殊。
它的过去式为was/were，过去分词为been。
动词的三单及不规则变化
hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut
附表3：常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
短暂性动词
相应的持续性
动词
完成时态中的形式
短暂性动词
相应的持续性
动词
完成时态中的形式
borrow
keep
have kept
have been married
fall ill
be ill
have been ill
fall asleep
be asleep
have been asleep
return
be back
have been back
go to bed
be in bed
have been in bed
go/come to sp
-eal
-ole
-olen
steal
-ear
-ore
-orn
wear, bear, tear
-ow
-ew
-own
grow, blow, know, throw
-i-
-a-
-u-
sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin
-i-
-o-
-n
drive, rise, ride, write
finish/end
be over
have been over
join
be in
have been in
leave sp
be away from sp
have been away from sp
动词规则和不规则的变化,归类助记
规则动词的过去式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加ed ，如：Worked；played ；wanted ；acted（2）以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped（3）以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed，如：Studied；tried ；copied ；justified ；cried；carried ；embodied ；emptied（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed，如：Stopped；begged ；fretted；dragged；dropped；planned ；dotted ；dripped另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加"ed"。
如：kidnap—kidnapped，worship—worshipped（5）以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ed，如：picnic—picnicked ；traffic—trafficked不规则动词变化如下：一、AAA型（过去式、过去分词与原形相同）原形过去式过去分词含义1 cost cost cost 值（多少）钱2 cut cut cut 切，割，砍3 fit fit fit 适合；合身4 hit hit hit 伤害，伤痛5 hurt hurt hurt 撞，打6 let let let 让7 put put put 放8 read read read 读9 set set set 树立；创造；落山10 shut shut shut 关闭；合拢二、ABA型（过去分词与原形相同，但与过去式不同）序号原形过去式过去分词词义1 come came come 来2 become became become 变为3 run ran run 跑；经营三、 ABB型（过去分词与过去式相同，但与原形不同）原形过去式过去分词词义1 bring brought brought 带来2 build built built 建立3 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 烧伤4 catch caught caught 赶上5 dig dug dug 挖掘6 feel felt felt 感觉7 fight fought fought 战斗8 find found found 发现9 get got got 得到10 hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 悬挂11 have/has had had 有12 hear heard heard 听到13 hide hid hid 隐藏14 hold held held 拿住15 keep kept kept 保持16 lay laid laid 放置17 learn learnt /learned learnt /learned 学习18 leave left left 离开19 lend lent lent 借给20 lose lost lost 失去21 make made made 做22 mean meant/meant/ meant/meant/ 意思23 meet met met 相遇24 pay paid paid 付款25 say said said 说26 sell sold sold 卖27 send sent sent 送28 shine shone shone 发出光29 sink sunk/sank sunk/sunken 淹没30 sit sat sat 坐31 sleep slept slept 睡觉32 smell smelt smelt 嗅觉33 spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt 拼写34 spill spilt spilt 溢出35 spit spat spat 吐出36 spoil spoilt spoilt 变质37 stand stood stood 台38 sweep swept swept 打扫39 teach taught taught 教40 tell told told 告诉41 think thought thought 想42 understand understood understood 理解43 wake waked/woke waked/woke/woken 醒来44 win won won 赢四、ABC型之一（过去分词以en结尾）原形过去式过去分词词义1 beat beat beaten 跳动2 break broke broken 破3 choose chose chosen 挑选4 eat ate eaten 吃，喝5 fall fell fallen 落下6 forget forgot forgotten 忘记7 freeze froze frozen 使结冰8 give gave given 给予9 mistake mistook mistaken 错误10 ride rode ridden 乘11 rise rose risen 升起12 speak spoke spoken 说13 take took taken 拿，取14 write wrote written 写ABC型之二（无规律型）序号原形过去式过去分词序号原形过去式过去分词1 am, is was been 5 go went gone2 are were been 6 lie(躺) lay lain3 do did done 7 see saw seen4 draw drew drawn 8 wear wore wornABC型之三（情态动词）序号原形过去式过去分词序号原形过去式过去分词1 can could / 4 shall should /2 may might / 5 will would3 must / /归纳记忆法一、过去式，过去分词相同：1.去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeet／met／met feed／fed／fed2. 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加tfeel／felt／felt sleep／slept／sleptkeep／kept／kept sweep／swept／swept3. 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加tspell／spelt／spelt smell／smelt／smeltspill／spilt／spilt4. 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾（有a则a，无a则o）catch／caught／caught teach／taught／taughtbring／brought／brought buy／bought／boughtthink／thought／thought6. 将stand改为stoodstand／stood／stood understand／understood／understood7. 将ay改为aidlay／laid／laid pay／paid／paidsay／said／said8. 将d改为tlend／lent／lent send／sent／sentspend／spent／spent build／built／built9. 将i改为a , o, u等sit／sat／sat spit／spat／spatwin／won／won dig／dug／dug10. 将ell改为oldtell／told／told sell／sold／sold11. 词尾加tlearn／learnt／learnt mean／meant／meant dream／dreamt／dreamt spoil／spoilt／spoilt12. 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的learn／learnt／learnt learn／learned／learned shine／shone／shone shine／shined／shinedhang／hung／hung hang／hanged／hanged smell／smelt／smelt smell／smelled／smelled 13. 其它have（has）／had／had hear／heard／heardshoot／shot／shot lose／lost／losthold／held／held get／got／got（gotten）find／found／found make／made／madeleave／left／left二、三者均不同：1.过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blow／blew／blown fly／flew／flowngrow／grew／grown know／knew／known throw／threw／thrown值得注意的是:show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn2.改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词begin／began／begun drink／drank／drunk ring／rang／rung sing／sang／sungswim／swam／swum sink／sank／sunk3.改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drive／drove／driven write／wrote／written rise／rose／risen ride／rode／ridden4.原形后加(e)n变成过去分词drive／drove／driven rise／rose／riseneat／ate／eaten fall／fell／fallengive／gave／given5.过去式后加(e) n变成过去分词break／broke／broken choose／chose／chosen freeze／froze／frozen mistake／mistook／mistakensteal／stole／stolen speak／spoke／spokentake／took／taken wake／woke／woken（或woke）6.其它be／was或were／been do／did／doneforget／forgot／forgotten go／went／gonehide／hid／hidden see／saw／seenwear／wore／worn7.有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。
不规则动词表(变化规律)
不规则动词表（变化规律）原型过去式过去分词一,A─A─A（动词原型,过去式,过去分词相同）27个单词bet bet/betted bet/betted打赌burst burst burst破裂,爆发cast cast cast投掷,估计broadcast broadcast broadcast广播broadcasted broadcastedforecast forecast forecast预报forecasted forecastedovercast overcast overcast覆盖recast recast recast重做,重铸cost cost cost花费,价值cut cut cut割,切hit hit hit打,击中hurt hurt hurt伤害,刺痛let let let让,出租put put put放,安置read read read读set set set放,安置shed shed shed流出beset beset beset包围,困扰spit spit/spat spit/spat吐,唾reset reset reset重新安排shut shut shut关闭upset upset upset推翻,颠覆spread spread spread展开,伸展thrust thrust thrust插,刺overspread overspread overspread布满,扩张outspread outspread outspread伸展,扩张sweat sweat/sweated sweat/sweated出汗wet wet/wetted wet/wetted弄湿二,A─B─A（动词原型与过去分词相同）7个单词come came come来run ran run跑,进行become became become成为outrun outran outrun超过,逃脱overcome overcame overcome克服overrun overran overrun侵占,蔓延rerun reran rerun重新进行三,A─B─A（e）n（过去分词在原型加（e）n）17个单调be(am,is are)was/were been是eat ate eaten吃overeat overate overeaten吃得太多fall fell fallen倒下give gave given给,授予befall befell befallen落到forgive forgave forgiven原谅see saw seen看misgive misgave misgiven疑虑foresee foresaw foreseen预见shake shook shaken摇动,震动oversee oversaw overseen俯瞰take took taken拿,取,获得betake betook betaken使用mistake mistook mistaken误会,弄错overtake overtook overtaken追上undertake undertook undertaken承担四,A─B─B（过去式与过去分词同）1,过去式和过去分词都含有ought或aught 8个单词bring brought brought带来buy bought bought买catch caught caught抓住,感染fight fought fought战斗seek sought sought寻找,探索teach taught taught讲授think thought thought想bethink bethought bethought想起,2,词尾有-ild,-end时,只需要把d变成t.6个单词bend bent bent弯曲,屈服build built built建造,建筑,lend lent lent借给,贷（款）, rebuild rebuilt rebuilt重建,改造send sent sent发送,寄,派遣spend spent spent花费,消耗3,动词后加d或t,构成过去式和过去分词（ee→e, ll→l）25个单词burn burnt burnt烧burned burnedcreep crept crept爬,蔓延deal dealt dealt处置,分配misdeal misdealt misdealt发错（牌）dream dreamt dreamt做梦,想到flee fled fled逃,消失feel felt felt感觉hear heard heard听见keep kept kept保持overhear overheard overheard偷听kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled跪下lean leant leant倾斜leap leapt leapt跳,跃leaped leapedlearn learnt learnt学习learned learnedoverleap overleapt overleapt跳过,越过lie lied lied躺,说谎lay lainmean meant meant意思,用意sleep slept slept睡觉oversleep overslept overslept睡过头smell smelt smelt闻到smelled smelledspell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled拼写spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled溢出spoil spoilt spoilt损坏spoiled spoiledsweep swept swept打扫weep wept wept哭泣4,把ell变成old构成过去式和过去分词sell sold sold出售tell told told告诉foretell foretold foretold预言,预测retell retold retold再讲,复述5,动词原形ay结尾,改aid构成过去式和过去分词lay laid laid放置,下蛋pay paid paid支付inlay inlaid inlaid插入镶嵌repay repaid repaid偿还,报复, mislay mislaid mislaid误放say said said说overlay overlaid overlaid覆盖 relay relaid relaid重放,转播,接替6,改变元音字母,构成过去式和过去分词33个单词bind bound bound缚,束bleed bled bled出血cling clung clung粘紧,坚持clothe clad/clothed clad/clothed给…穿衣dig dug dug挖feed fed fed饲养,喂养overfeed overfed overfed给…喂食过多find found found发现fling flung flung投,掷grind ground ground磨,碾hold held held握,拿hang hung/hanged hung/hanged悬挂withhold withheld withheld抑制overhang overhung overhung悬垂light lit/lighted lit/lighted照亮lead led led领导lose lost lost丢失mislead misled misled误导meet met met遇见shine shone/shined shone/shined照耀,sit sat sat坐outshine outshone outshone比…更亮, shoe shod/shoed shod/shoed给..穿上鞋shoot shot shot射击overshoot overshot overshot打过头,越过slide slid slid滑动backslide backslid backslid倒退,堕落spin spun spun纺纱,旋转stick stuck stuck钉住,刺sting stung stung刺,叮strike struck struck/striken打,击,win won won胜利wring wrung wrung绞,扭注意：1,元音为双元音,如ee,oo,ea则改单元音如：bleed→bled出血feed→fed喂养meet→met遇见shoot→shot射击lead→led领导2,词尾为ind则改ound如：bind→bound缚,束find→found发现grind→gound磨,碾3,元音字母为i则多改为u如：cling→clung粘紧,坚持dig→dug挖stick→stuck钉住,刺strike→struck打,击sting→stung刺,叮wring→wrung绞,扭7,改变元辅音字母,构成过去式和过去分词leave left left离开have/has had had有stand stood stood站立,经受understand understood understood明白misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood误解withstand withstood withstood抵挡,反抗8,改变辅音字母,构成过去式和过去分词make made made制造五,A─B─C（动词原型,过去式和过去分词都不相同）1变单词重读节中的元音字母,“i”分别为“a”和“u构成过去式和过去分词”7个begin began begun开始drink drank drunk喝ring rang rung按铃,响sing sang sung唱sink sank sunk下沉swim swan swum游泳spring sprang sprung跳,跃出（n,春天）2,词尾为ow,aw时,过去式将其变为ew,过去分词在原形后加n（show除外）blow blew blown吹draw drew dawn拉,拖,画overdraw overdrew overdrawn夸大,透支withdraw withdrew withdrown收回,缩回,退出know knew known知道grow grew grown生长outgrow outgrew outgrown长出,蔓生throw threw thrown投,扔foreknow foreknew foreknown预知overthrow overthrew overthrown推翻,打倒show showed shown/showed出示,展示3,词尾为“i+辅音（1个）+e”过去式将i改o,过去分词在动词原形后加n 如果辅音字母为d或t,须双写（give,hide除外）11个单词arise arose arisen出现,上升drive drove driven驾驶ride rode ridden骑,乘rise rose risen上升bestride bestrode bestridden骑,跨过outride outrode outridden骑得比…更好override overrode overridden奔越过,践踏stride strode stridden跨过,大步走strive strove/strived striven/strived奋斗write wrote written写underwrite underwrote underwritten写在…下面give gave given给hide hid hidden/hid躲藏4,过去式的元音为o,过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。
不规则动词的变化规律
不规则动词的变化规律1、原形中的元音字母有变化（A-B-B）:get-got-got, sit –sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spatshine –shone- shone find- found- found hold-held-heldmeet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung2、原形中的辅音字母有变化（A-B-B）:make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-hadbuild-built-built send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent 3、在原形后加t或d（A-B-B）:spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meanthear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lostlay-laid-laid4、原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化（A-B-B）:feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt –speltkeep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold tell-told-told catch-caught-caughtteach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought（A-A-A）-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn5、与原形相同:hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下:1、原形中的元音字母有变化（A-B-C）:ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swumbegin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk2、在原形上加－en（A-B-C）:eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- writtenbe-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten3、在原形上加－n（A-B-C）:see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken raw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grown now-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown4、在过去式上加－n（A-B-C）:steal-stole-stolen break-broken–broken choose-chose-chosenspeak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken6、与原行相同（A-B-A）:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become7、原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的（A-B-C）:do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain。
英语中词的规则和不规则变化
（2）不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
Good/well
better
best
Bad/badly
worse
worst
Many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
get--getting,sit--sitting, run--running, put--putting
5、动词过去式规则变化
类别
构成方法
例词
读音规则
一般情况
加-ed
Look--looked
Play--played
清辅音后读作/t/;
浊辅音和元音后读/d/;
/t/和/d/后面读/id/
以e结尾的动词
加-d
live--lived, use--used hope--hoped
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed
Stop--stopped
Plan--planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i，再加-ed
Study--studied
Carry--carried
6、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est
Big
Thin
Fat
Bigger
Thinner
Fatter
Biggest
Thinnest
Fattest
以‘辅音字母+y’结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加-er或-est
动名词不规则变化表
动名词不规则变化表一、引言概述动名词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它是动词的一种形式，用于表示名词的含义。
在英语中，有些动词的动名词形式是不规则的，即它们的变化不符合一般的规则。
这些不规则变化的动名词往往比较复杂，需要特别记忆。
本文将介绍一些常见的动名词不规则变化，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这些词汇。
二、正文1. 常见的不规则动名词变化1.1 结尾为-ay的动词，如：play →playing、lay →laying。
1.2 结尾为-d或-ed的动词，如：loved →loving、needed →needing。
1.3 结尾为-ie的动词，如：die →dying、tie →tying。
2. 不规则动名词的变化规律2.1 大部分不规则动名词的变化是将动词的最后一个字母改为相应的字母组合，如：begin →beginning、get →getting。
2.2 一些不规则动名词的变化是将动词的最后一个字母改为元音字母，如：be →being、have →having。
2.3 还有一些不规则动名词的变化是将动词的最后一个字母改为辅音字母，如：write →writing、ride →riding。
3. 不规则动名词的特殊情况3.1 一些不规则动名词的变化涉及到整个单词的拼写变化，如：do →doing、go →going。
3.2 一些不规则动名词的变化涉及到词义的变化，如：learn →learning、mean →meaning。
3.3 一些不规则动名词的变化涉及到音节的变化，如：say →saying、pay →paying。
4. 学习不规则动名词的方法4.1 记忆：对于一些常见的不规则动名词，学习者可以通过记忆来掌握它们的用法。
4.2 练习：通过大量的练习来提高对不规则动名词的掌握程度，可以在写作和口语中尝试使用这些词汇。
4.3 语境理解：在阅读和听力中遇到不规则动名词时，可以通过上下文来理解它们的含义和用法。
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drove flew
driven 驾驶 flown
grew knew
grown 生长 known 知道，
showed
shown 表明，出
12
• ring 电话
• sing • swim
ABC型
rang
rung 打
sang
sung 唱
swam swum 游泳
13
lie
lay
lain
躺
14
• tell 诉
• get
• sell 出售
三、A B B 型 held held 拿，保
told
told 告
got sold
got sold
得到 卖，
6
三、A B B 型
• meet met
met
遇见
• feel 感觉
felt
felt
• sleep slept slept
睡
• ※smell smelt smelt 闻到
understood
站， 理解，
9
四. A B C 型 • be原形、过去wa式s/和we过re去分b词ee各n 异
是，在
• go
went
去
gone
• begin began 始
begun 开
• drink 喝
drank
drunk
10
• take
toAokB C 型 taken
带去，花费
• break 弄坏
broke broken 打破，
• speak spoke spoken 说话
• eat
ate
eaten
吃
• give 给
gave
given
• ride 骑，乘
rode
ridden
11
• draw 出
• drive
• fly 飞行
• grow
• know 认识
• show 示
ABC型
drew
drawn 画，拖
caught taught
caught 抓住 taught 教，
found
found
4
三、A B B 型
• lend lent 把…借给
• build built 造
• send sent 发送
• spend spent 间)
lent built 建 sent 寄， spent 花(钱，时
5
• hold 持
来自
• become became become 变成
• run
ran
run
跑
3
• bring • buy • think
想
• catch • teach
讲授
• find 发现
三、A B B 型
brought bought thought
brought 带来 bought 买 thought 认为，
不规则动词变化表
从不规则中找规则
1
一、A A A 型 • co原st形、过c去os式t 和过c去os分t 词（同使形）
花费
• cut 割
cut
cut
切，
• let
let
let
允许，让
• put
put
put
放
• read
read read 读 2
二、A B A 型 原形与过去分词同
• come
came 形 come
• keep kept kept
保持
• leave left
left
离
开，留下
7
• pay • say • sit
坐
• have
三、A B B 型
paid said
sat
paid 付款 said 说
sat
hபைடு நூலகம்d
had 有，吃
8
三、A B B 型
• stand 忍受
stood stood
• understand understood 明白