2002年听写原文
2001-20010专四英语dictation原文
听力原文2004
Money (2004)
Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.
历年英语专四听力听写原文1997-2010
历年英语专四听力听写原文1993-2009英美者 英语专业网站Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference./ The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males./ However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married./ Each state issues its own marriage license./ Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license./ The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state./ Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not./ Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony,but a few require the ceremony to be religious./ In most states a waiting perio d is required before the license is issued. /This period is from one to five days depending on the state. / A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period.The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages,running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. /it is a day that belongs to everyone./ And it is celebrated in most countries of the world./ Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. /In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. /Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree./ In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN./ Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. /Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries/ or give parties where foods of other countries areserved./ No matter how the day is celebrated,/ the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN,/ and the important roles it plays in world affairs. /The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs./ In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world./What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. /However, we now do know something about it./ First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort./ No human race anywhere on earth is so backward/ that it has no language of its own at all./Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language./ There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped/ but the languages they speak are by no means primitive./ In all the languages existing in the world today, /there are complexities that must have been developed for years. /Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. / Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. / And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. /The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. / Characteristics of a Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, /you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. /First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. / Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. / But whether he is reading a newspaper/ or a chapter in a physics text, / his reading rate is relatively fast. /He has learned to read for ideas/ rather than words one at a time. /Next, the good reader can recognize/ and understand general ideas and specific details./ Thus he is able to comprehend the material /with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest./ Finally, the good reader has in his command/several special skills, /which he can apply to reading problems/ as they occur./ For the college student,/ the most helpful of these skills/ include making use of the various aids to understanding/that most text books provide/ and skim-reading for a general survey./Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. / As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover/ has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000years ago. / The remaining forests are home to half/ of the world’s species,/ thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. /Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet,/ as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals./These rain forests are home to millions of people. /But there are other demands on them./ For example, much has been cut for timber./An increasing amount of forest land /has been used for industrial purposes/or for agricultural development /such as crop-growing. /By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained,/ and theycontinued to disappear at an alarming rate every year./ As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year,millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers./ Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes./ They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs./ Then, exhausted by their journey,/ the parent salmon die./ They have finished the task that nature has given them. /Months, or years later, /the young fish start their trip to the ocean. /They live in the salt water from 2-7 years,/ until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. /Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish./ When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the a nnual trip up the rivers,/ they are in the best possible condition,/ and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. / People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. / In the past, many different things were used as money. / People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. / The Chinese used cloth and knives. / In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. / Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. /Coins were first invented by the Chinese. /originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, / so that a piece of string could keep them together. / This made doing business much easier, / but people still found coins inconvenient to carry/ when they wanted to buy something expensive. /To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. /They began to use paper money for coins. / Now paper notes are used throughout the world.The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception/ to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposesrather than for decoration.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Y et the Internet has the potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. / At the same time, one can also find wastefu l websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet applications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These applications have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the serio usness of the problem. / We must work together to use its power for better ends.2007 AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times. / In today's business world, supply is usually greater than demand./ There is great competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product,/ because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand./ They always have to remind their customers/ of the name and the qualities of their products by advertising./ The manufacturer advertises in newspapers and on the radio;/ he sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of his products; /he sometimes advertises on the internet as well./ In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them./ Manufacturers often spend huge sums of money on advertisements./ We buy a particular product because we think that's the best./ We usually think so because the advertisements say so,/ people often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth, /when they buy advertised products from the shops.2008 Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college,/ many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives /and they sometimes move from job to job,/ until they find something that suits them/ and of equally importance to which they are suited./ Others never find a job in which they are really happy. /They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our careers,we need to ask ourselves two questions./ First, what do we think we would like to be?/Second, what kind of people are we? /The idea, for example of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive,/ but unless we have great talent, and are willing to work very hard. /We are certain to fail in these occupations /and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. /So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search./2009 New Y ear’s EveFor many people in the west, New Y ear’s Eve is the biggest party of the year./ It’s time to get together with friends or family /and welcome in the coming year./ New Y ear’s parties can take place in different places. /Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, /while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. /Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. /There is one thing that all New Y ear’s Eve parties have in common,/ the countdown to midnight./ When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs./ It’s also popular to make a promise in the New Y ear./ This is called a New Y ear’s resolution./ Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit./ However the promise is often broken quite quickly /and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days./2010Freshmen’s' WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system/ and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. /October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar./ Universities have something called Freshmen's Week for their newcomers./ It's a great opportunity to make new friends, /join lots of clubs and settle into university life./However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, /the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying./ Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and society should you join?/Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you./ They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot./ So just take it all in slowly./ Don't rush into anything that you'l l regret for the next three years/英语专业四级考试听写评分标准1. 听写共分15小节；每节1分。
历年英语专业四级考试听力听写原文(1994 年-2019 年)
The American Family (1994)The concept of family life has changed considerably over the years. /In earliest times, several generations lived together in clans, / which consisted of all living descendents and their husbands or wives. / These clans were almost totally self-sufficient, / every member contributing in some way toward the survival of the group. / The men hunted and fished for food or sometimes maintained flocks of sheep or goats. / The women baked bread and roasted the meat their men provided. / Special members of the community were selected to make products like pottery, baskets and home weapons. / But with the development of greater varieties of food, clothing and shelter, / a single clan could no longer develop all the individual skills the group required. / Clans merged into larger societies and at the same time broke into smaller units consisting of married couples and their children. / Later the Industrial Revolution brought about even more important changes in family life. / New inventions brought shorter working hours for men and easier housekeeping routines for women. / Today a productive family life suggests not the group's cooperative efforts of working together, / but the pleasant and meaningful sharing of its leisure.✧Unidentified Flying Objects (1995)There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.✧The Indian Medicine Man (1996)Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits.The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill,the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago.✧Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents' consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their homestate can get married in anotherstate, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both resident sand non-residents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civilor religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state.✧The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. /Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /✧United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. It is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN.Some libraries exhibit children's art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries areserved. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.✧What we Know about Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive.The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.✧Characteristics of a Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First,the good reader usually reads rapidly. Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the material within a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has at his command several special skills, which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide and skim reading for a general survey.✧Disappearing Forests (2002)The world's forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world's species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests once covered12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world's species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990' s less than half of the earth' s original rain forests remained, and they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result, the world's forests are now facing gradual extinction.✧Salmon (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers, passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months,or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years,until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.✧Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money.People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Eventoday, some people in Africa are still paid in salt.Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. now paper notes are used throughout the world.✧The Wrist Watch (2005)It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception例外/ to the normal sequence顺序in the evolution of man's jewelry珠宝. / Reversing the usual order与通常的顺序相反, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown王冠jewelry. /Later, they were worn by Swiss瑞士人workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated 与。
2002年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附听力原文
2002年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附听力原文PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In sections A , B and C, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY, listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainly because .A. the urban population was stableB. few people lived in citiesC. transport was backwardD. it was originally planned2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of .A. the trade activities they undertookB. the agriculture activities in the nearby areasC. their relatively small sizeD. the non-economic roles they played3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EXCEPT ______.A. commerceB. distributionC. processingD. transportation4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT .A. more economic opportunitiesB. a freer social and political environmentC. more educational opportunitiesD. a more relaxed religious environment5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century?A. Because the countryside attracted more people.B. Because cities did not increase in number.C. Because the functions of the cities changed.D. Because the number of city people was stable.-SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiation is ____A. English language proficiencyB. different cultural practicesC. different negotiation tasksD. the international Americanized style7. Janet's attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiation is ______.A. supportiveB. negativeC. ambiguousD. cautious8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D. Brazilians seek more background information.9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A. The British.B. Germans.C. Americans.D. Not mentioned.10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A. Reserved.B. Prejudiced.C. Polite.D. Prudent.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.11. The news item is mainly aboutA. a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Question 12 and 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.12. The news item mainly concerns in Hong Kong.A. Internet centresB. an IBM seminarC. e-governmentD. broadcasting13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPTA. improvement of government efficiencyB. promotion of e-commerceC. integration of service deliveryD. formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A. 9.98.B. 9.80.C. 9.91.D. 9.95.15. The record shows that Bailey was .A. still suffering from an injuryB. getting back in shapeC. unable to compete with GreeneD. less confident than before SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Study Activities in UniversityIn order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g. (1)_ .benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.enabling teachers to know progress and to offer (2) .familiarizing students with exam forms.2. Seminars and classroom discussion:another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contextsbenefits: 1) (3) enables you to know the effectiveness of and others' response to your speech immediately.Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with than in (4) . The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionformat: from teacher (5) to flexible conversation.benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction.4. Lectures: a most (6) used study activitydisadvantages: 1) less (7)____ than discussions or tutorial.2) more demanding in note-taking. advantages: 1) providing a general (8) of a subject under discussion.offering more easily understood versions of a theory.updating students on (9) developments. allowing students to follow different (10)_____(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______参考答案PART ISection A 1—5 BADCDSection B 6—10 BDACBSection C 11-15 BCDCDSection D1. literature/history/politics2. advice/guide3. conversation/communication/discussion4. essay/ writing5. explanation/ interaction6. widely/ commonly/ frequently7. interactive/ communicative/ feedback 8. overview9. latest/ recent 10. views/ arguments/ viewpoints听力原文SECTION A TALKThe first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about 1840. Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so with the cities. At the first federal censors in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25000 inhabitants. Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national population fell into the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous phrases in the early 19th century remained small enough that people could easily work from one end of the city to the other in those days.Though smaller in modern standards these working cities, as it were, performed variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade.Yet city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promotingagricultural activities in their own areas, they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities. From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, city served as centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing.Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important non-economic functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges were built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the large early towns with their concentrations of population tended to serve as centres of educational activities and its policy from which information were spread to the countryside. In addition, the town with people of different occupational, ethnic, racial and religious filiation became focuses of formal and informal organizations which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests and influence of each group. In these days the pre-industrial city in America functioned as a complex and varied organizing element in American life, not as a simple, homogeneous and sturdy union.The varieties of these early cities were reinforced by the nature of their location and by the process of town spreading. Throughout thepre-industrial period of American history, the city occupied sites on the eastern portion of the then largely under-developed continent, and settlement on the countryside generally followed the expansion of towns in that region. The various interest groups in each city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control first nearby and later more distant and larger areas. And always there remained the underdeveloped regions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups. These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political or religious atmosphere. In this sense, the cities builder had development of succession of urban frontiers. While this kind of circumstance made Americans one of the most prolific and self-conscious city building peoples of their time, it did not resort the steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade and ever larger proportion of the people lived in cities.In 1690 an estimated 9 to 10 percent of American colonists lived in urban settlements. A century later, that was the end of the 18th century, though 24 places had 2 500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1% of the total population. For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not until the 1830 did the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690.In short, as the number of cities increased after 1690, they sent large number of people into countryside and they retained. Nonetheless the continuous movement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but relatively small places lively and stimulating.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: I'm talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multi-national companies. Hello, Janet.W: Hello.M: Now Janet. You've experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So before we comment on the differences, could I ask you to comment first of all on what such encounters have in common?W: OK, well, I'm just going to focus on the situations where people are speaking English in international business situations.M: I see. Now, not every one speaks English to the same degree of proficiency. So, maybe that affects situations.M: Yes, perhaps. But that is not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions.M: Oh, I see.W: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in everyday life.M: Yes, but. but isn't it the case that in the business negotiation, they must come together and work together to a certain extent. I mean, doesn't that level up the style of , the style of differences or somewhat?W: Oh, 1 am not so sure. I mean there's people in the so-called Western World who say that in course of the past 30 or 40 years, there were a lot of things had changed a great deal globally, and that as a consequence, national differences had diminished. We have got fewer, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style.M: Yeah, I've heard that. Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns.W: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn't. Because on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified even uniform style of doing business with certain basic principles and preferences, you know, like "time is money", that sort of thing. But at the same time, it is very important to remember the way all retain aspects of national characteristics. But it is actualbehavior that we will talk about here. We shouldn't be too quick to generalize that to national characteristic and stylistic type. It doesn't help much.M: Yeah. You mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about American style of business bargaining or negotiating?W: Well. I've noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.M: I see.W: While Brazilian make their points in a more indirect way.M: How?W: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look at people they're talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what some people thinks to be background information. They seem to be more indirect.M: Then, what about the American negotiators?W: American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of point-making, first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isn't the only way in which one can negotiate and absolutely no reason why this should be considered as the best way to negotiate.M: Right. Americans seem to have different styles, say, even from the British, don't they?W: Exactly, which just show how careful you must be about generalizing.1 mean, how asking you explain how the American negotiators are seen as informal, and sometimes much too open. For British eyes, Americans are direct even blunt.M: Is that so?W: Yeah, at the same time, the British too. German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in the negotiations, and yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, it is often the Americans who are being too blunt for the German negotiators.M: Fascinating! So people from different European countries use different styles, don't they?W: That's right.M: OK. So what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from the Americans and Europeans?W: Oh, well, yes, of course. Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterparts, the way they avoid giving the slightest defense, you know. They're also very reserved to people they don't know well. At the first meetings American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps true to say that your average Japanese business person does choose his or more really her words very carefully.M: So can we say that whatever nationalities you are dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways?W: Well, it's perhaps more helpful to bear in mind the different people behave in negotiating in different ways. And you shouldn't assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do.M: Right. It is definitely a very useful tip for our businessman who often negotiate with their overseas partners. OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with us.W: Pleasure.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (For Question 11)The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held July 15th to 17th in Lasha, capital city of Tibet autonomous region. China's Ethnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-host the conference. The conference has received more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference. More than 50 foreign guests from United States, Russia. Britain, India. Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend the meeting. The Chinese mainland has sent delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine experts to the conference.News Item Two (For Questions 12—13)The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were actively adopting information technology and building an electronic government, a senior Hong Kong official said yesterday. This is an integral part of Hong Kong's Digital 21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and world-wide internet centre, saidCarrion, secretary for information technology and broadcasting. She outlined three policy objectives in developing an e-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian Pacific E-government Executive Seminar. The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and paperless government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public services. The second is to promote the wide adoption of e-commerce with the government setting a leading example. The third is, through thee-government program, to integrate service delivery across multiple department and agencies.News Item Three (For Questions 14—15)Canadian Olympic 100-meter champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his way back to the top form on Tuesday by winning 100-meter at the athletic meeting in Switzerland in the time of 9.98 seconds. Despite unfavorable windy conditions. Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9. 91 set by double world champion Moris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Nosoka, Japan. "I would have run 9.80 if I'd really pushed myself." said Bailey, 1996 Olympic and 1995 world champion. The Canadian has been fighting for form before the Sidney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappointing series of starts in the season.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGGood morning, today well look at some study activities carried out in university as we know, students in colleges or universities are expected to master some academic materials t hat are fairly difficult to understand. However, some of them find it hard to learn some complex, abstract or unfamiliar subject ma tter. As a result, a central problem in higher education is how to internalize academic knowledge, that is, how to make knowledge your own. In order to do so we must convert knowledge from being other's knowledge to being part of our own way of thinking.Then how are we going to do it? What's the means available to help us in the process of learning? There are four key study activitiescurrently used in higher education to encourage students to internalize knowledge. They are the ones we are familiar with: writing essay, going to classes and seminars, having individual tutorials and listening to lectures. The four activities arelong-established features of our higher education, and they are as important now as they were a hundred years ago. Now let's look at the features of them one by one.First, essay writing. The central focus o f university work, especially in humanities, for example in l iterature, history or politics, is on students' producing regular essays or papers which summarize and express their personal understanding of the topic. Then what is good about essay writing? Firstly, writing essays forces you to select what you find interesting in books and journals and to express your understanding in the coherent form. Individual written work also provides teachers with the best available guide t o how you are processing in the subject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop your strengths or counteract your weaknesses. Lastly, of course, individual written work is still the basis of almost all assessment i n higher education. Written assignments familiarize you with the form of your exams or course what papers will take. The second key activity in colleges and universities is seminars and class discussions. Their role is to help you to internalize academicknowledge by providing specialized contexts so that you can talk about such difficult problems as the treat of between inflation and the unemployment in economic policy or the use of the metaphors in Shakespeare's plays. Talking is a more interactive activity than written work. In the conversation you know immediately how effective you are in expressing your point and can modify what you are saying in response to people's reactions. In addition, a normal program of between 10 to 25 classes will cover far more topics than one subject. Then you can hope to manage your written work. Participating in flexible conversations across this range of issues also allows you to practice using the broader knowledge gained from other key activities such as lectures.Now let's take a look at another activity, individual tutorials. Discussions between the teacher and one or two students are used in many colleges as a substitute for or supplement to group discussion in classes like those mentioned before. Tutorials can range from direct explanation by teacher and subject to flexible conversationa l sessions which at their best very effective in stimulating students' mastery of body of knowledge. Theone-to-one quality of the personal interaction is very important in stimulating acceptance of ideas and producing fruitful interaction. In order to make individual tutorial really work, students shouldmake good preparation beforehand, and during the tutorial they also should ask questions to keep the ball rolling rather than let the teachers talk the vacuum.The last activity is lectures. As we all know, lectures play a large part of most students' timetable and occupy considerable proportion of teachers' efforts. However the major difficulty with lectures is that they are not interactive like discussion or tutorials. The lecturer normally talks for the whole time with minimal feed-back from questions. The signs making notes the lecture well-concentrating on the argument being developed is often difficult to some students, especially when the argument is very complicated. However, we have said that lectures are clearly valuable i n several specific ways. They can provide a useful overview in every map, as it were, to familiarize you with the mainland features to be encountered during the course. Lectures typically give much more accessible descriptions of theoretical perspectives in their oral presentations that can be found in the academic literature. Whenever there is a rapid pace of progress in theory or practice, lectures play an indispensable part in letting students know the development immediately, usually several years before the new material is included in textbooks. Lastly, lectures are often very useful in allowing you to see directly how exponents of different views buildup their arguments. The cues provided by things someone talking in person may seem irrelevant, but these cues are important aids to understanding the subject matter better later.So far we've discussed four study activities and their respective features and roles in higher education. Of course, study activities are not limited to just these four types. There're other activities that are equally important, such as general reading, project learning, etc. We will cover them during our next lecture.。
2002年12月听力原文
2002年12月听力原文Section A:1. M: How well are you prepared for your presentation? Your turn comes on nextWednesday.W: I spend a whole week searching on the net. But it came up with nothing valuable.Q: What did the women say about her presentation?2. W: Good morning, Jack. Late again! What’s the excuse this time?M: I’m awfully sorry I must have turned the alarm off and gone back to sleep again.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. W: Excuse me, but could you tell me where I can change American Dollars intoBritish Pounds?M: There is a bank around the corner, but I’m afraid it’s already past it’s closing time. Why don’t you try the one near the railway station?Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Could I speak to Dr. Chen? She told me to call her today.W: She’s not available right now. Would you like to try around three?Q: What does the woman tell the man to do?5. W: Oh dear, I’m afraid I’ll fail again in the national test. It’s the third time I took it.M: Don’t be too upset. I have the same fate. Let’s try a fourth time.Q: What does the man mean?6. W: Professor Smith, I really need the credits to graduate this summer.M: Here of this school, the credits are earned, not given.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. M: How did you go to Canada, Jane? Did you fly?W: I was planning to, because it’s such a long trip by bus or by train, but Fred decided to drive and invited me to join him. It took us two days and one night.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?8. M: How do you like the way I’ve arranged the furniture in my living room?W: Fine, but I think the walls could do with a few paintings.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?9. W: I don’t imagine you have any interest in attending my lecture on drawing, doyou?M: Oh, yes, I do. Not that you remind me of it.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?10. M: You are my campaign manager. What do you think we should do to win theelection? I’m convinced I’m the best candidate for the chairman of the Student Union.W: We won’t be able to win unless you get the majority votes from the women students.Q: What is the man doing?Section BPassage OneThere are some serious problems in the Biramichi river. The local chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one year study on fishing in the Biramichi river and write a rep ort for them. This is my report:One of the major problems in the Biramichi river is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low. Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves. Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large number. The members of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they were trying to preserve fishes.11. What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?12. What is one of the problems in the Biramichi river?13. What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river?14. Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi river reduced according to thespeaker?Passage TwoEverybody has to die someday, but nobody likes to think about it. Even so, at sometime in their lives, most people manage to think about the question of how to make a will. If you have already made yours, it is probably just a few pages of writing, stating that you wish to leave everything to your family. That is the kind of will that the majority of people make. However, there are plenty of ways to make your will more interesting if you want to. To begin with, you don’t have to write it on paper. One man wrote his will on an envelope, another on the door, and a third on an egg. For some people, the most important part of their will is the part that says how they want to be buried. Mrs. Sandra West, a rich widow from Texas, decided that she wanted to be buried with her favorite car. In 1973, Mr. Green, a dentist from England, left most of his money to the nurse who worked for him if in 5 years she would not wear any kind of make-up or jewel or go out with men. Finally, let’s hope that your will is not like that of Dr. Wagner, who lived in America 100 years ago. His family, who had not been to see him for years, suddenly began to visit him when he became ill. What was worse, each person suggested to Dr. Wagner that they would like something to remember him by when he died. Greatly annoyed with them, Dr. Wagner wrote a will that would do this: to each of his four brothers, he left one of his legs or arms, his nephew got his nose and his two nieces each got an ear. His teeth went to his cousin. Then he set aside 1,000 dollars to pay for cutting his body and the rest of his money he left to the poor.15. What kind of will do most people leave behind according to the passage?16. What did the nurse have to do before getting the money left by the English dentist?17. Why did Dr. Wagner make an unusual will?Passage ThreeIn recent years, there has been an unusually large number of divorces in the United States. In the past, when two people married each other, they intended to stay together for life. While today, many people marry believing that they can always get it divorce if the marriage does not work out. In the past, a large majority of the Americans frowned at the idea of divorce. Furthermore, many people believed that getting a divorce was a luxury that only the rich could afford. Indeed, getting a divorce was very expensive. However, since so many people have began to take a more casual view of marriage, it is interesting to know that the cost of get ting a divorce is lower. In fact, wherever you go in the United States today, it is not unusual to see newspaper ads that provide information on how and where to get a cheap divorce. Hollywood has always been known as the divorce capital of the world. The divorce rate among the movie stars is so high that it is difficult to know who is married to whom. Today many movie stars changehusbands and wives as though they were changing clothes. Until marriage again become the serious and important part of people’s lives, we will probably continue to see a high rate of divorce.18. What did many Americans think of divorce in the past?19. What is the attitude of many Americans to marriage today?20. In the speaker’s view, when will the high rate of divorce be brought down?。
2002年辽宁专升本考试真题-英语
2002年辽宁专升本考试真题-英语I jumped over the wall and ran towards the sound. I thought somebody was being killed. There was silence and then one terrible scream. I’ll tell you what it sounded like, it sounded like some one at the point of death. There was a long groan O and then nothing at all. Silence, I ran all bout the place, but couldn’t find anyone. At last I climbed the hill again, and went back to the house.You can imagine how much sleep I got that night. As soon as it was light, I looked out of the window in the direction from which the noise had come and I was surprised to see a little white house just over the hill among the olive O trees. The land over on that side did not belong to us and I’d never explored it. I hardly ever went over to the part of the hous e which faces that way, and I’d never seen this other house before. I asked Joe what it was. He told me that a mad man had lived there, with his brother and a servant.“Oh, is it the explanation of what I heard last night?” I said. “Not a very nice neighbor.”Joe bent over quickly, seized my wrist and pulled me towards him. He put his face close to mine and looked terrified .“The madman had been dead for twenty years.” He whispered. “You can’t possibly have heard any noise from that direction.”1.It must have been ____ that the author jumped over the wall and ran toward the terrified sound he heard.A .in the daytimeB. at nightC. at drawnD. at dusk2.The terrible scream came from ____.A. some body being killedB. someone at the point of deathC. a ghostD. someone or something not mentioned in the article3.After the author went back to the house, he ____.A. was too frightened to fall asleepB. was so brave that he sat up lateC. slept very little that night because he tried to think out who had let out the terrible screamD. Didn’t sleep at all4.The sentence “I’d never seen this other house before” meansA. This little white house didn’t exist before that nightB. The author dreams of seeing a little white houseC. The author paid little attention to the opposite side of the hillD. The little white house was hidden among the olive trees5.Which of the following is true?A. Joe was frightened to know the author had heard noise from the white houseB. The madman’s brother and a ser vant must be living in that white house.C. The author couldn’t have heard any noise from the direction.D. Someone must be killed in house when the terrible scream spread out.Last week as my husband and I were driving near the beach, we noticed a small house with A “For rent” sign. We went onto the front porch and knocked at the door, but no one answered. So we walked down the steps and around to the rear of the house. There we found a small yard surrounded by a fence with an old metal gate.Because the house was empty, we decided to take a look inside. We looked in one of the windows near the back porch and saw that the inside was dusty but generally in good condition. The walls and floors were in perfect condition. The only thing that needed repair was the ceiling in the kitchen, which had been damaged by some rain water.While were looking, a neighbor came over to see who we were. The house belonged to him, so he was able to take us inside. There was a total of six rooms, and all but the kitchen had carpeting. The house was unfinished, but there were still several pictures hanging in one of the rooms. In general, the house looked wonderful.The landlord explained to us that the rent was $350 per month, due by the fifth day of each month, and that usually he required a deposit equal to one month’s rent. However, if we would repair the ceiling, he would not charge us the deposit. The idea sounded very good, so my husband and I went home to abandon things. We decided to take it.6.The couple ____.A.came to the beach for holidayB. happened to find a house for rentC. noticed a small house surrounded by a fenceD. walked around, trying to find the back door of the house7.There was a small yard ____.A.behind the houseB. in front of the houseC. far from the houseD. near the house8.Why did they think it was all right to take a look inside the house? ____.A. Because the house was in perfect conditionB. Because the house was under repairC. Because the house was untidyD. Because the house was not occupied by anyone9.From the second paragraph , we know that ____.A. the house was in good condition except for the kitchen ceiling damaged by rain waterB. the house was not so dirty as they had expectedC. they would rather not rent the houseD. they had to have the floors repaired10.Which of the following is true?A. The walls were badly damaged.B. The landlord asked the couple to repair the kitchen.C. The couple had to pay one month’s rent as a deposit.D. There were several pictures hanging in one roomWe live in a dangerous world. The figures for crime go up year by year. If you were attacked in the street, would you be able to defend yourself? Not very well probably, especially if someone was pointing a gun at you. We all see a lot of violence in films, but recently some programs on television showed how people can defend themselves without guns. For example, inone film a woman was attacked from behind. She threw the man, who was heavier and stronger than she was, over her head. Then she held him tightly on the ground. How? She knew judo().Jiu-jitsu, as judo is sometimes called, means “muscle science” in Japanese. The student of judo need to learn a lot about the body, its bones and muscles. Judo uses a number of “falls,” “holds” and “throws”. Someone who does not know judo cannot defend himself against them. If you know judo you can defend yourself against a person who is stronger than you . 9 you had better not practice judo on your friends unless they can fall without hurting themselves. Being strong is one thing ,but using the body wisely is another. In judo, you use the other person’s body to help you. You “throw” him to the ground and “hold” him there, so that he can’t move. Of course, it takes time and practice, but knowing judo is useful. In violent world you ought to be able to defend yourself.11.The world is dangerous because ____.A. there is too much television.B. people don’t carry guns.C. people don’t know well how to attackD. there is more violence and crime with each passing year12.From the first paragraph, we know that some recent TV programs ____.A.changed their subjects from violence to self-defenseB. showed the figures for crime going up all the timeC. showed someone attacking people in the streetD. demonstrated how to use guns in defense13.Judo refers to ____.A. bones and muscles in JapaneseB. an exercise to build up a strong bodyC. a type of using the body wiselyD. a scientific way of learning for students14.If we practiced judo on our friends, they would probably ____.A. be hurtB. attack back bravelyC. holds onto the groundD. call for police15.We may come to all the following conclusions EXCEPT that ____.A.judo may also be called jiu-jitsu in JapaneseB. judo can be learnt by both men and womanC. no one can master the art of judo overnightD. only a strong person can use his body wiselySpecialists in marketing have studied how to make people buy more food in a supermarket. They do all kinds of things that you do not even notice. For example, the simple, ordinary food that everybody must buy, like bread, milk, flour and vegetable oil, is spread all over the store. You have to walk by all the more interesting-and more expensive-things in order to find what you need. The expensive food is in packages with bright colored pictures. This food is placed at eye level so you see it and to buy it. The things that you have to buy anyway are usually located on a higher or lower shelves. One study showed that when a supermarket moved four products from floor to eye level, it sold 78 percent more.Another study showed that for every minute a person is in a supermarket after the fist half hour, she or he spends $50.If someone stays forty minutes, the supermarket has an additional $ 5. So the store has a comfortable temperature in summer and winter, and it plays soft music. It is a pleasant place for people to stay-and spend more money.Some stores have red or pink lights over the meat so the meat looks redder.They put light green paper around lettuce and put apples in red plastic bags.So be careful in the supermarket. You may go home with a bag of food you were not planning to buy. The supermarket, not you, decide you should buy it.16.Marketing specialists study ____A. plants suitable for human needsB. how to build shelvesC. method of selling more productsD. how to own supermarket17.The more expensive kind of food is ____.A. in bright colored packagesB. on higher shelvesC.all near the front of the storeD. on lower shelves18.According to the selecting, children’s books are probably ____.A. on low shelvesB. on high shelvesC.spread all over the floorD. sold in supermarket19.A supermarket plays soft music because_____.A. people like to listen to itB. the store has a comfortable temperatureC. it will make people spend more moneyD. it will remind people to buy the things you want20.A good way to save money in a supermarket is to ____.A. go just before dinnerB. buy things that are in the prettiest packagesC. walk around and see what you needD. make a list of what you need before you go⼆、选择21 It is impossible to know ____what will happen.A. in front ofB. in advanceC. in the place ofD. in return22 People’s status is freque ntly _____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned23 ____ told us that he was not there.A. NoneB. None of anyoneC. No anyoneD. No one24 Her father regret ____ her for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.A. to blameB. having blamedC. to have blamedD. blamed25 Another five weeks ____ necessary for us to finish the work.A. areB. has beenC. isD. will have been26 She was told the examination ____ on Friday.A. will be givenB. would be givenC. to be givenD. is given27 If you had buried, you ____ the plane.A. would catchB. could catchC. would have caughtD. had caught28 It’s really kind ____.A. of you to saying soB. of you to say soC. for you saying soD. for you to say29 He stole the money and they put him ____.A. at prisonB. in prisonC. at the prisonD. in the prison30 This ____ girl is Mary’s cousin.A. pretty little SwedishB. Swedish little prettyC. Swedish pretty littleD. little pretty Swedish31 "—Do you regret pay five hundred dollars for the painting? --No, I would gladly have paid ____ for it."A. twice so muchB. twice as muchC. as much twiceD. so much twice32 ____.I don’t know.A. Whether it is raining or notB. If it is raining or notC. Whether it were raining or notD. If it was raining33 The meeting is put off till next month, ____.A. what is it exactly what we wantB. which is exactly what we wantC. though it is exactly what do we wantD. being it exactly what we want34 "—I usually go to work by bus.---why not ____ by bike for a change?"A. trying to goB. try goingC. to try goingD. try go35 "—will another fifty be enough?---Just twenty will ____."A. doB. workC. suitD. fit36 When he applied for a ____ in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.A. professionB. positionC. careerD. location37 The boss ____ angry when I spoke to him on the phone.A. soundedB. lookedC. grewD. talked38 All of her living cost ____ 2,000 yuan each month.A. gets toB. equals toC. arrives atD. comes to39 Jump in the car, there enough ____ for you.A. placeB. seatC. roomD. space40 The city has decided to ____ all the old building.A. break away fromB. get rid ofC. come up withD. knock down三．作⽂根据给出的题⽬写⼀篇１００字的短⽂：There Is No End To Learning（学⽆⽌境）扫描⼆维码⽴即获取答案。
2002年6月大学英语四级考试听力
Section A 1. W? I suppose you’ve bought some gifts for your family. M? Well? I’ve bought a shirt for my father? and two books for my sister. But I haven’t decided what to buy for my mother? probably some jewels. Q? Who did the man buy the books for? 2. W? Look? it says they want a junior sales manager? and it seems like it’s a big company. That’ll be good for you might have to travel a lot. M? Do they say anything about the experience? Q? What are they talking about? 3. W? I think we’ve covered everything. What about a cup of coffee before we move onto the next item? M? Good idea. I really can’t wait another minute. Q? What does the woman suggest doing? 4. W? But what happens if it rains. What are we going to do then? M? We’ll have to count on good weather. But if it does rain? the whole thing will have to be canceled. Q? What do we learn from the conversation? 5. W? You took an optional course this semester? didn’t you? How is it going? M? Terrible? It seems like the more the professor talks? the less I understand. Q? How does the man feel about the course? 6. W? Mark is playing computer games. M? Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near? Q? What does the man think Mark should do? 7. M? Jack seems to think this year’s basketball season will be disappointing. W? That’s his opinion. Most others think differently. Q? What does the woman mean? 8. M? Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles? M? Yes? but I’m sorry the flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice. Q? What do we learn from this conversation? 9. M? Excuse me? I’d like to place an advertisement for a used car in this Sunday edition of your paper. W? Ok? but you have to run your advertisement all week. We can’t quote rates for just Sunday. Q? Where is the conversation most probably taking place? 10. M? I spend so much time polishing my letter application. W? It’s worthwhile to make the effort .You know just how important it is to give impression . Q? What do we know about the man ? Section B Passage One Not everybody reads the daily newspaper .People who don’t read newspaper are sometimes referred to as non-readers .Early research has shown that the non-readers are generally low in education? low in income ?either very young or very old .In addition ?non-readers are more likely to live in rural areas and have less contact with neighbours and friends .Other studies show that non-readers tend to isolate themselves from the community and less likely to own a home and seldom belong to local voluntary organizations Why don’t these people read daily paper ? They say they don’t have the time they prefer radio or TV?they have no interest in reading a tale and besides they think newspapers are too expensive. Recent surveys?however?have indicated the portrait of the non-reader is more complicated than first thought .There appears to be a group of non-readers that do not fit the type mentioned above .They are high in income and fall into the age group of 26 to 65 .They are far move likely to report that they don’t have the time to read the papers and they have no interest in the content .Editors and publishers are attempting to win them back. First ?they are also adding news briefs and comprehensive indexes. This will help overcome the time problem. And they are also giving variety to newspaper content to help build the reader’s interest. 11. What is typical of non-readers according to early research? 12. What are the finds of recent surveys? 13. What are editors and publishers doing to attract the non-readers? Passage Two Did you know that there’s a kind of bird that can sew? This called the tailor bird uses its mouth as a needle. It sews leaves together in the shape of a cup? then it adds a layer of straw to the inside of the cup and lays its eggs there. Each bird species builds its own special kind of nest. The most common materials used for nests are grasses? branches and feathers. A bird must weave these materials into a nest. Just imagine building a house without cement or nails to hold together? Another bird is called the weaver bird. The weaver bird builds a nest that looks like a basket? the nest shaped like a pear with a hole in the middle. The hole is the door of the nest. A third bird is called the oven bird. The oven bird makes a nest that is very solid. The nest is made of mud. The oven bird forms the mud into the shape of an oven and then let it dry in the sun. The sun bakes the mud making it very hard. Not all birds make their homes in branches. Some birds build their nests on the ground? while others bury their eggs under the ground. And some birds do not build nests at all. So when you look for nests and eggs in branches of the trees and bushes? remember that some nests may be right your feet. 14. What does the nest built by tailor bird look like ? 15. Why is there a hole in the weaver bird’s nest ? 16. What is the oven bird’s nest made of ? 17. What might surprise us about birds’ nests according to the speaker ? Passage Three You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings? but these records of trees’ life really say a lot more. Scientists are using tree rings to learn what’s being happening on the sun’s surface for the last ten thousand years. Each ring represents a year of growth. As the tree grows? it adds a layer to its trunk taking up chemical elements from the air. By looking up the elements in the rings for a given year? scientists can tell what elements were in the air that year. Doctors Stevenson is analysing one element——carbon-14 in ring from both living and dead trees. Some of the rings go back almost ten thousand years to the end of the Ice Age. When Stevenson followed the carbon-14 trail back in time? he found carbon-4 levels change with the intensity of solar burning. You see? the sun has cycles. Sometimes it burns fiercely and other times it’s relatively calm. During the sun’s violent periods? it throws off charged particles in fast moving strings called solar winds. The particles interfere with the formation of carbon-14 on earth. When there’s more solar wind activity? less carbon-14 is produced. Ten thousand years of tree rings show that the carbon-14 level rises and falls about every 420 years. The scientists concluded that the solar wind activity must follow the same cycle. 18. What is the purpose of the scientists in studying tree rings ? 19. What affects the amount of carbon-14 on earth ? 20. What do we learn from the passage about the solar wind activity ?。
历届英语专四听力听写原文
Package Holidays (1993)Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before．The American Family (1994)The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone.Unidentified Flying Objects (1995)There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observersmight have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.The Indian Medicine Man (1996)Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago.Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period.The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companiesto run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has in his command several special skills, which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most text books provide and skim-reading for a general survey.Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained, and they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. / At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet applications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These applications have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily becomevictims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. / We must work together to use its power for better ends.2007AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a specialized activity in modern times. In today’s business world, supply is usually greater than demand. There is great competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand. They always have to remind their customers of the name and qualities of their products by advertising. The manufacture advertises in newspapers and on the radio. He sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of their products. He sometimes advertises on the Internet as well. In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them. Manufactures often spend huge sums of money on advertisements. We buy a particular product because we think that is the best. We usually think so because the advertisements say so. People often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth when they buy advertised products from shops.2008Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college, many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives and they sometimes move from job to job, until they find something that suits them and of equal importance to which they are suited. Others never find the job in which they are really happy. They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. When we choose our careers we need to ask ourselves two questions. First, what do we think we would like to be? Second, what kind of people are we? The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive. But unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, we are certain to fail in these occupations and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.2009New Year's EveFor many people in the west, New Year's Eve is the biggest party of the year. /lt's the time to get together with friends or family/and welcome in the coming year. / New Year's parties can take place in different places. /Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties;/ while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. /Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. / There is one thing that all New Year's Eve parties have in common,/ the countdown to midnight./ When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs./ It's also popular to make a promise in the New Year. /This is called a New Year's resolution. / Typical resolutionsinclude giving up smoking and keeping fit. /However, the promise is often broken quite quickly /and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days.2010 British educational systemBritain has a well-respected higher education system / and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. / October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. / Universities have something called Freshmen’s Week for their newcomers. / It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, / join lots of clubs and settle into university life. / However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, / the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying. / Where do you start and who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and societies should you join? / Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. / They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. / So just take it all in slowly. / Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years./。
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2002Disappearing forests
The world’s forests are disappearing .∕As much as a third of the total tre e cover has been lost/ since agriculture began some 10000years ago. / The raining forests are home to half of the world species, /thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. /Tropical rain forests once covered 12％of the land of the planet / as well as supporting at least half of the world s pecies of plants and animals./ There rain forests are home to millions of p eople,/ but there are other demands on them ./For example, much has bee n cut for timber,/ and an increasing amount of forestland has been used fo r industrial purposes/ or for agricultural development, such as crop growi ng./By the 1900s,less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remaine d,/ and they continue to disappear at an alarming rate every year./ As a res ult, the world’s forests are now facing a gradual extinction.
2003年听写 Salmon
Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean // into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. // Passing through waters, around ro cks and waterfalls, // the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. // They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. // Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. // They have finished the task that nature has given them. // Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. // They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, // until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. // Their life cycle helps man pro
vide himself with a basic food – fish. // When the adult salmon gather at t he river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, // they are in the best pos sible condition, // and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet // re ady to catch thousands for markets.
Money Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.。