(完整版)新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)_习题答案1-4单元
新世纪大学英语 综合教程4第四单元课后题答案
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第四单元Unit4课后题答案UNIT4（working with words and expressions）1....Text A abolished废除classified分类committed保证division 区分fashions时尚gambled赌博hunted猎杀mass大量necessity必需品senseless毫无意义的voluntary自愿的Text B considerable相当大的coordination协调declarations 声明derived源于evaluate评价moderately适度slightest迹象1.Nearly 6 million in the mid-western area were affected by在中西部地区近6百万人被洪水的影响，并存在一个真正的大规模饥荒的危险。
2.It’s incredible what when he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing. 令人难以置信的是，当他赌博时，他总是赢无论是在玩一种纸牌游戏，或赛马投注。
3.work and render social services in the less developed regions。
市镇会正在努力让更多的人在欠发达地区的做志愿工作，提供社会服务。
4. Elephants are dying out because they arefor the tusks。
大象正在灭绝，因为他们正因象牙而被猎杀。
5.Wines can be dry medium or sweet according to their sugar content。
根据其含糖量可分为干型.半干型.甜型葡萄酒。
6.Slavery Canada in 1833 and the Canadian authorities then encouraged slaves from American to settle down on their land。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4第二版U4
第四单元Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted 5)classified6)abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate 18)derived2 In the boxesbelow are someof the expressionsyou have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary a”nd “satisfactory ”in Texts A and B? The -s a u r y f f i o x r-ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆Answers:nouns suffixes adjectives Chinese meaningplanet planetary 行星的congratulation congratulatory 祝贺的contradiction contradictory 矛盾的，对立的custom customary 通常的，习惯的；惯例-ary / -ory的document documentary 公文的，文件的explanation explanatory 解释的；说明的imagination imaginary 想象中的，虚构的introduction introductory 介绍的，导言的legend legendary 传说（中）的，传奇的migration migratory 迁徙的，移居的vision visionary 有远见的；不实际的1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary 6)introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts 3)trade4) job 5)work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there isno mistake, write “No Mistake ”.▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent o m n a n’swill.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for theblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man ’s will was s i g a n t e t d h e presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack ’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked吊( 销) by theUS government.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular ”writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless. Grammar in Context1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences. ▇Answers for reference:1) I don ’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She ’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith g’to sse coemu isn cheer ed us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn ’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase. ▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry ’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help. 5)We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy (2)physical(3)compelled(4)necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status (9)values (10)classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentencesinto English, using the words or expressions givenin brackets.▇Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as generalmanager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady ’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 11-0meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previouslyheld by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English. ▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they ’ve fulfilled their tasks as long a s g o t h o e n y dutyand come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work”and w they should work at all. In fact, “work”involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable ofbearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative andcreativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp everyopportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the workhe does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the workwith vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values andpleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice ”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job3) conclusion▆Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter fromdifferent perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasonsfor my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring successin teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)。
新世纪英语综合教程第4册习题答案
Book 4 Unit 1 Man and Nature6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threatenP20 2. 1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) resideP21 1. smoke+fog web+log breakfast+lunch medical +caremotor+hotel net+citizen science+fiction work+alcoholic5) modern primitive 6) natural synthetic 7) nearby distant 8) optimistic pessimistic2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn't have done all that myself.P23 2. 1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2) He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3) He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6) The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from hisP25 1. 1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consistsof even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the livematches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.P26 2. Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of productionSample essay: My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never b een on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.Book 4 Unit 2 Man and TechnologyP48 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) roughP49 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workP49 1. 1) technological technology 2) eternal eternity 3) miraculous miracle 4) relevant relevance5) analytical analysis 6) luxurious luxury 7) leisurely leisure 8) subjective subject9) prosperous prosperity 10) innovative innovationP50 2. 1)multi-cultural 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) hP51 4. 1) creative creativity 2) cruel cruelty 3) equal equality 4) local locality 5) major majority6) minor minority 7) original originality 8) pure purity 9) regular regularity 10) superior superiority2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.P53 2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreakingP54 1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a ne w library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.P55 2. Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of livi ng is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material weal th is far from enough. People needAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.Book 4 Unit 3 Knowledge and knowledge transferP75 1. d g e f b a h c9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchangeP80 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoP81 1. fax-facsimile fridge-refrigerator auto-automobile memo-memorandumburger-hamburger poli-sci - political science demo-demonstration sub-substitute; submarineflu-influenza zoo -zoological garden2. Kingdom 王国；领域fatherhood 父亲的身份（或资格）adulthood 成年brotherhood 手足之情，同胞之爱freedom 自由；自主dukedom 公爵的爵位likeliness可能性neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区wisdom 智慧，才智womanhood 女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) completeP83 1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If t hey hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructio ns.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If moder n English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of theP85 1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.P86 2. We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.Book 4 Unit 4 Work and careerP107 1. 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10)coordination 11) declarations 12) spanned 13)recommends/recommended14)moderately 15) slightestP109 2. 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) worthy of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth intoP109 planetary congratulatory祝贺的；contradictory矛盾的，对立的；customary通常的，习惯的，惯例的；documentary公文的，文件的；explanatory解释的；说明的；imaginary想象中的，虚构的；introductory介绍的，导言的；legendary传说（中）的，传奇的；migratory迁徙的，移居的；visionary有远见的；不实际的P110 1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4)documentary5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatoryP111 2. 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7)career 8) positionP112 1. 1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2. 1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..2) We were all amused at Henr y’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.post of general manager of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.P115 2. Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinaryWhen it comes to the choice of career different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.Practice Test 1 Listening script on Page 275Keys on the textbook Page 279Book 4 Unit 5 Fame and Success8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) sympathy 11) target 12) educate 13) commerce 14) alike15) bored 16) audiences 17) regard 18) assureP158 2. 1) thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of 6) turn away 7) hang on 8) for the sake ofP159 1. automate—automation housekeep—housekeeperbabysit— babysitter mass-produce — mass-productionbook-keep — book-keeping self-destruct — self-destructiondry-clean — dry-cleaning window-shop — window-shoppingedit— editor wordprocess— wordprocessorP159 2. 1) reached / secured 2) achieved / attained 3) attained / reached4) reach / secure 5) achieved / realized / fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfyP160 3. 1) dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specificP160 1. 1) (real) subject 2) object to the verb “make”3) predicate 4) a ttribute modifying “opportunity”5) object complement 6) adverbial of purpose 7) adverbial of result 8) predicative9) attribute modifying “person”10) independent element2. 1) To become a famous writer 2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart 5) To understand the situation completely 6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8) to apply for a known job opening2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even i f you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another intervi ew before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.P164 2. Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In mostcases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is an other. As long as you have tried your best, you’re alreadySample essay: Fame — Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame".Book 4 Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeP187 1. 1) commonplace 2)enduring 3)dim 4)command 5)imperfection 6)intensive 7)abandon 8)finite9)mean 10)weaving 11)additional 12)aspiration 13)gratitude 14)endless 15)faithful 16)committedP188 2. 1) live on 2)dawned upon 3)live by 4)is invested with 5)hold fast to6)all too 7)step aside 8)set out 9)to and fro 10)work atP189 1.alternative comparative creative defensive constructive effective explosive impressive initiative relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures 7) take the initiative to donate blood8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative 10) a constructive proposal2. additional—add pleasant—please beautiful—beautify prosperous—prospercontradictory—contradict radiant—radiant deaf—deafen relentless—relentdifferent—differ respectful—respect intensive—intensify sparkling—sparkleminimal—minimize wonderful—wonder opposite—oppose withered—wither3. 1) provide care (for); receive care; take care; take care of2) give sb. A chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance (of)3) show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; make demands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learn from experience6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); for fear of; for fear that (clause)7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receive a gift8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope; lose hope; raise one’s hope9) build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strengthP191 2. 1) Emma is an expert in/ on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.P191 1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulatedcountry on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner .4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6) With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the ac cident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.P193 2. What is truth? Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach.People hold different attitudes towards life. Some take a positive attitude and they always appreciate the beauty of life with zeal and gratitude. Some take a negative attitude towards life and any slight trouble in life may seem like the end of the world to them.A positive attitude ensures a happy, successful and healthy life. With a positive attitude, people find it easy to accept challenges and overcome obstacles while maintaining peace of mind. Besides, a positive attitude boosts their self-esteem, lifts their morale and helps them fulfill their commitments both in their career and in their everyday life. Moreover, medical research shows that positive thinking can improve the immune system and strengthen the body's resistance to diseases.There are several ways to develop a positive attitude towards life. One needs to think positively, read uplifting stories, hang around with optimistic people, give up jealousy, and participate in meaningful activities. By building a positive attitude towards life, one can enjoy a happy, successful and healthy life.。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)_习题答案欧阳歌谷创编
第一单元答案欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）Unit OneMan and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you havelearned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you havelearned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them.Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar inmeaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of otherwords, such as “comsat” from “communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.3.A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning tothe one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point outthe grammatical function of each of the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2)an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3)an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of timeplete the following sentencesby translating theChinese in the brackets into English, using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4)stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12)verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ An swers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion,ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental Protection Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on suc h bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees,taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so asto preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)。
全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】完整版课后答案
全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：荫华外语教育Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler'smilitary campaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must berekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin'sscorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow andStalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 theRussian counter-offensive and the outcome ofthe warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancerin the nearfuture.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival ofraw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way ofher career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the sliderule out of date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had togive up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural andmountainous regions to build upour bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt byconstant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisivevictory againstthe Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launchinga series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomytrenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, buthe turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on thefarm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gainedmuch ground. Ourtroops engaging the enemy at the front were faced withstrong/fierce/stiff resistance. Thedivision commander instructed ourbattalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack.To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us wereafraidwe might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to takeagamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly droppedto minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caughtoff guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing inon5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to makethe cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellite lib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4.disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7.working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor 2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities II. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in socialproblem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at thesignal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbitingsatellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for andtherefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of theworst snowstorms in years and the international airport there wasclosed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failedhis interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile,the New YorkMarathon and theVietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings (5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered (9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in theKi ng’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. beacceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say a nd it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’lltalk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone whocan read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent meare wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together,we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train orby bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife overmoney matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)S he doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committedUnit 5 TextAoganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting t oo long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). wastaken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5） lucrative6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9).spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, becausehe is something of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposedto noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto inforce.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting,but only a few turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. Forinstance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people likeEdward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He wasa tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lennywho was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture.What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent toLenny’s death. Without d oubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relaxthemselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5.remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, topplingthe government and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost theirloved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.Unit 8 Go TravelingPart II Text AText Organization12.1) Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2) The sweet air3) Various kinds of trees and other plants4) River abundant in fish5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair6) Children singing lovely songs7) Treating guests with wonderful foods8) People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI.1.1) heap2) was smeared3) warmed4) dissolve5) thrash6) out of the way7) hollows8)tangle9) get his hands on10)opaque11) at the edge of, illumined12) hop1) take ... apart 2) result from3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3.1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it.2) Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sound from the ground.3) You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective if you fuss too much over details.4) Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted.5) Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular boat race between the world champions who paddled their boats like mad.2) The Smiths live in the heart of a large forest, which is out of the range of all the noise of modern cities. The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake nearby all make for an ideal place for anyone to live in.3) Day after day he came to the narrow strip of beach, watching the heaving waves of the sea slap angrily at the rocks of the shore.II Confusable Words1) worth2) worthy3) worthwhile4) worth, worth5) worthwhile6) worthy2.1) lone2) alone3) alone4) lonely5) lonely6) aloneIII. Usage1.ice cream2.teas3.wines4.cloth5.soap6.beer7.fuels8.soild9.sugars10.grassComprehensive Exercises I.Cloze1.1)are dying to2)in the heart of3)tangled4)paddles5)loop6)out of sight7)in flocks8)hopping9)gliding10)opaque11)thrashing12)darting13)swarms14)spectacular2.1)running2)fancy3)incorporate4)exploring5)guide6)adventure7)rarely8)diverse9)survive10)luckyII Translation1)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heartto her on their first date.2)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, nowscreaming, but before long they were out of sight.3)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet ofcars waiting for their arrival.4)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear hischaracter.5)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had foundit on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the hea vy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.。
(完整版)新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)_习题答案1-4单元
Unit ONEEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blankwith a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat” fromTry to find out what words the following blends are “communications” and “satellite”.formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:Blend Formation Meaningsmog smoke + fog烟雾blog web + log博客brunch breakfast + lunch早午餐（早餐和午餐合为一餐）autocide automobile + suicide撞车自杀chunnel channel + tunnel海峡隧道motel motor + hotel汽车旅馆netizen net + citizen网民sci-fi science + fiction科幻小说workaholic work + alcoholic工作狂wi-fi wireless + fidelity无线网络3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with thenoun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become lessdependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage ofnatural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental . Your writing should cover the following points:Protection”1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, foodand shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for humansurvival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. Associety develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of otherbeings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources suchas coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, humanbeings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care ofwildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)in favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult adictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t cometo mind for the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy asher second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material andtechnological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science andtechnology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expecta soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can beincome and their happiness.seen that there is no close correlation between people’sHappiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy tobe alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What isimportant is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing shouldcover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us tokeep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems ordo business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, itsmulti-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, readnews, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisanceof unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expectone. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumedvaluable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported thatelectromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. Ibelieve that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobilephones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) accompanied6)intrinsic7) ranks8) publicity9) sufficiently10) image11)target12) transform13) temporarily14) cover15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) acknowledged19) predict2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) set their sights on5) was tired of6)turn away7) hang on8) in his presence 9) live with10) nothing but11)for good12) set out13) What if14) tire of▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch5) seized6)gripped7) grabbed8) clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbolExamine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached4)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be oppositein meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble9) famous 10) reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1) (real) subject2) object complement3) object4) adverbial of purpose5) adverbial of purpose6) object to the verb “make”7) adverbial of result8) subject, predicate9) attributive modifying “ways”10) predicate2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty13) illusory 14) regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have agood school education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect fromthe public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people canreally become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate themto strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse forthe electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have triedyour best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your papershould cover the following points:1) the advantages of being famous2) the disadvantages of being famous3) your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame canassure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring onewealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.fans may boost one’s selfHowever, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes t he media’s attention orpublic curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.TheI highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word Buildingand Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffixform an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:nouns suffixes adjectives Chinese meaningplanet-ary / -ory planetary行星的congratulation congratulatory祝贺的contradiction contradictory矛盾的，对立的custom customary通常的，习惯的；惯例的document documentary公文的，文件的explanation explanatory解释的；说明的imagination imaginary想象中的，虚构的introduction introductory介绍的，导言的legend legendary传说（中）的，传奇的migration migratory迁徙的，移居的vision visionary有远见的；不实际的1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the followingsentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to theuse of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there isno mistake, write “No Mistake”．▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent on man’will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for t heblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined thearmy and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressionsgiven in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as generalmanager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had beenpreviously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:go on duty Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as theyand come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and w they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable ofbearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative andcreativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp everyopportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the workhe does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work。
全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)课后全答案
Unit 1Part II Reading taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions1. It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.2. He expected the conquest of Russia in five weeks.3. Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. They let the Russian winter fight the war for them while they bided their time.4. Napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an empty victory because the Russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all.5. They suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the Russians' hit-and-run attacks.6. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile.7. Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. He expected the campaign to last no longer than three months by using the so-called "lightning war" tactics.8. No, he wasn't. He instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders.9. The people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance.10. An early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down the German advance on Moscow.11. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over.12. The author concludes that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction —Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3 -11 Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union.Part Four Para 21 Conclusion —The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12 -13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched-earth policy. Section Two Paras 14 -18 The battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad.Section Three Paras 19-20 The Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war.Language Sense Enhancement1.1) the fierce resistance 2) the long march3) the devastating enemy 4) bleak5) launched 6) military might7) mowed down 8) campaign9) a painful lesson 10) the aidVocabularyI.1.1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2.1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers' strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with thisproblem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.1 During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium .2 Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3 I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4 Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III.1 fall ill2 lay dead at home for two weeks3 dropped dead from a heart attack4 fell asleep.5 marrying young6 to sit still for longer than a few minutesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1．1) invasion 2) stand in the way3) Conquest 4) catching (Stalin) off his guard5) launching 6) declaration7) campaign 8) drag on9) reckon with 10) bringing (the German advance) to a halt2．1) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerfulII. Translation1.1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1. d2. d3. b4. a5. b6. dTranslation1. 6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。
(完整版)新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第二册 unit1~unit4 习题答案
（完整版）新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程第二册习题答案Unit 1 > Key to Book ExerciseListen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main Ideas1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1 Before graduating from college, the speaker was asked to ________.A) make a piece of cake for the classB) write down people’s response to her smileC) observe how people smile at each otherD) act kindly to someone2 While waiting for her turn to get her breakfast at the local McDonalds, the speaker ________.A) was ready to serve the two poor homeless men who smelledB) saw a terrible dirty man standing in the lineC) found that a short gentleman was waiting for his mealD) noticed that a homeless man was smiling at her3 The two poor homeless men went to the local McDonalds to ________.A) warm themselves B) have their breakfastC) wait for someone D) search for a friendly smile4 At the sight of the two homeless men, the speaker ________.A) turned away from them to join her familyB) ordered for them two cups of hot coffeeC) bought them two breakfast mealsD) asked them what they wanted to eat5 After the spe aker turned in her “project,” the speaker’s professor and her classmates ________.A) had a heated discussion about smileB) exchanged their unusual experiencesC) were deeply touched by her smileD) were greatly moved by her storyTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording carefully and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1 The speaker is a mother of three and has recently completed her college degree . The last project the professor assigned her to do was to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction .2 Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with her family to the local McDonalds on a cold March morning . Just when they were standing in line, waiting to be served, she smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell . Two poor homeless men were also standing in line. They just wanted to sitin the restaurant and warm up , so they only asked for coffee . Obviously, it was all they could afford.3 Then she was suddenly filled with sympathy . All eyes in the restaurant were set on her, judging her every action . She smiled and bought the two homeless men two breakfast meals .4 She returned to college, with this story in hand. She turned in her“ project .” Her professor read it to the whole class. The whole class was touched . She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn —UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE .Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Why didn’t the author stop for the hitchhiker?He thought that someone else would stop for him. And he was afraid of a possible robbery.2) Did he feel guilty for not helping the young man?No. He didn’t. But he was bothered by hi s easy and quick decision of leaving the young man stranded alone in the desert.3) Why did the author decide to start his journey across America pennilessly? He wanted to test if a person could still rely solely on the kindness of strangers or the good will of his fellow Americans these days.4) What did he discover as he travelled?He found out that others shared his fear. Yet they still stubbornly helped strangers like him.5) What had happened to the trucker the author met on a rainy day?He was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker.6) What conclusion did the author draw from his experiences mentioned in Paras. 15–18?He found that people were generally compassionate. And those who had the least to give often gave the most.7) Why did Carol invite the author to talk to her class about his trip?She thought the children should be exposed to what else was out there — the good and the bad.8) What conclusion did the author make about his trip when he talked to the students?He concluded that his faith in America had been renewed and that people could still depend on the kindness of strangers.2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part: One; Paragraph(s): 1–7; Main Idea: Because of a past experience of neglecting a hitchhiker in need of help, the author decided to travel across America without any money to find out if one could still rely on the kindness of strangers these days.Part: Two; Paragraph(s): 8–28; Main Idea: During his trip, he found out that people were generally compassionate and willing to help although they might have fears.Part: Three; Paragraph(s):29-31; Main Idea: He talked to school children and concluded in a patriotic manner that in America people could still depend on the kindness of strangers.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicized parts.1) In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. (Para. 1)By doing so, the young man was telling the passing drivers that he wanted to hitchhike as his car had run out of gas.2) The week I turned 37, I realized I’d never taken a gamble in my life. (Para. 7)This week I would be 37 years old, yet I realized that I had always been very careful in my life and I had never taken a risk, for example, trusting on the kindness of others.3) It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. (Para. 7)The author is being a bit sarcastic here. He would take no money with him and travel across the US, where it is believed that money can do everything and anything. The phrase "almighty dollar" is a playful allusion to the familiar term "Almighty God"4) Yet I was treated with kindness in every state I traveled. I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. (Para. 11)I was amazed by the continual show of kindness of my fellow Americans, even though helping a stranger would mean taking a risk.5) I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. (Para. 13) The author had mixed feelings: whether to kiss the two women for their kindness, or give them a lesson by cautioning them not to trust any stranger, for they could have run into a bad person instead of himself.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Choose the definition in Column B that best matches each italicized word in Column A.1) c2) d3)a4) j5)h6)b7) e8) i9) g10) f2 A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. Write S before each pair of synonyms and A before each pair of antonyms. The first word in each pair is taken from Text B and the corresponding paragraph number has been indicated for you.Example: S virtually, almost (Para. 1)1) S govern, control (Para. 3)2) S signal, sign (Para. 4)3) S participate, join (Para. 5)4) A heave, lower (Para. 6)5) S collapse, fall (Para. 7)6) S establish, found (Para. 10)7) S locate, situate (Para. 10)8) A occasional, frequent (Para. 15)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1) What is the author and his wife’s opinion about becoming a true friend to someone whose name they don’t know?The author and his wife used to think that it was virtually impossible to be a true friend to someone whose name they didn’t know. But now they realize they were wrong. Years of Sunday-morning bus trip through the city with the same “nameless” people have completely changed their thinking.2) Why does the author say that taking the Sunday-morning bus trip requires teamwork though they don’t know each other’s names?There is always the same group of regular passengers. The bus driver and the passengers acted routinely with due care and attention, as if they were cooperating in a team. The driver should perform his duties well and the passengers should obey the written and unwritten rules. There should be no smoking, no littering, and everyone should behave in a polite and decent manner. Under such circumstances, names are no longer important.3) What can we learn about the silent woman from Para. 5?The silent woman always sits up front and never responds to others’ greetings. Her worn clothing suggests that she is not rich. However, she is considerate enough to bring the bus driver a cup of coffee each time she takes the bus ride.4) Why does the factory security guard always slump down in his seat with his eyes closed?He has just come off a long night shift and he feels sleepy and tired.5) Why was the bus very late one Sunday morning?On that morning a regular passenger collapsed on the sidewalk as he was moving forward to board the bus. The other passengers tried to help him and waited with him for an ambulance to arrive.6) What do you know about the Mexican couple?The Mexican couple love each other very much. They always board the bus hand in hand and are still holding hands when they get off the bus. The woman was pregnant late last year and now they have a new baby. All the regular passengers feel happy for the young Mexican couple.7) Why do the passengers enjoy the company of a group of Haitians?The Haitians have a great sense of fun. The passengers are all delighted to have their company. They always chuckle and nod when the Haitians are all aboard.8) Why is the woman who sits up front always silent?She has a speech impediment. Talking is hard for her.9) What do you know about the silent woman’s family life?She is a single mother with a disabled son who is receiving special care away from home. She lives alone and feels lonely and misses her son very much. The Sunday-morning bus ride is the best thing she does all week, and an occasional visit to the fish restaurant is almost as good as the second best thing. She rides the Sunday-morning bus simply for the companionship of the driver whose name she doesn't know, but who appreciates the hot coffee she brings.10) How did the author and his wife feel about the dinner with the silent woman?They all had a wonderful time. For the silent woman, an occasional visit to the fish restaurant was a pleasant experience and this time it was even better with the companionship of the author and his wife. The author and his wife also enjoyed the dinner and they felt thatthe fish had never tasted better. When they left the restaurant, they were already friends with each other. And they shared their names.2 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information contained in Text B. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.1) T On Sundays the author and his wife take the bus to go to church regularly for years.2) F The bus driver is required to remember the stop of every regular passenger.(He is not required to do so. But he makes it his business to remember where every regular passenger should get off the bus.)3) F The silent woman always gets the driver a cup of coffee because she is well-off.(The worn clothing of the silent woman su ggests she doesn’t have much money to spare, but she always clutches an extra cup of coffee for the driver.)4) F The driver has to wake up the factory security guard every time and reminds him of getting off the bus.(The security guard closes his eyes until the precise moment that the bus approaches his stop. Then, he opens his eyes and gets off the bus.)5) T The rotund fellow is very grateful because other people have helped him.6) T The passengers enjoy their ride together and words or names are not necessary to them.7) F The author and his wife developed a good relationship with the silent woman after taking the same bus for some months.(For many months, the only sadness for the author and his wife is that they can’t establish the same rapport with the silent woman.)8) F They found their fish tasted better because they shared a good dinner with the silent woman.(They found their fish tasted better because they had finally learned the story of the silent woman and made friends with her.)Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.1) My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people.2) Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world.3) The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift .4) The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm.5) A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I’d like to post a letter.”6) The little girl’s capacity for learning languages astonished me.7) How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games?8) I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic.9) They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce .10) They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.11) In many cultures, the lion is the symbol of courage.12) Your help was greatly appreciated . We are very grateful to you for it.13) It’s the first time the painting has been displayed to the public.14) During the exam, the naughty boy tried to slip a note to his classmate while the teacher wasn’t looking.15) As the saying goes, conquer the desires, or they will conquer you.16) Before the dinner party, Mother has ordered a roast from the butcher.17) I didn’t wait for you at home because I figured that you wouldn’t come.2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) In this painting, a single red rose stands in rich contrast to the grassland.2) The factory workers are exposed to poisonous gases and many of them suffer from lung diseases.3) During the war, the soldier risked his life helping others to escape.4) Do trust me. You can rely on me to keep your secret.5) If you are attacked or robbed at knifepoint , how would you react then?6) She is such an extraordinary girl that she always stands out in a crowd.7) Obviously, this foolish idea runs contrary to common sense(常识).8) I was very tired and had to flag down a taxi in order to get home early.9) The mother picks/picked up her children from the kindergarten at 5:00 p.m. every day.10) The publishers took a gamble on an unknown author, and the books have sold well.11) The driver waved to us as he pulled away .12) The driver pulled over to the side of the road to see what was wrong with his truck.Increasing Your Word Power1 CollocationsLook at the adverbs listed in the box below, and decide which adverb is needed to collocate with the verb in each sentence. Fill the correct adverb into the blank in the sentence. The same word may be used in more than one sentence. Consult a dictionary if necessary.1) No need to thank me — I was just glad to help out a friend.2) Yesterday a drunken man was run over and killed by a bus.3) When I look back on my college days, I can’t believe the crazy things we did as students.4) He looks down on his colleagues because he has a PhD degree but they don’t have.5) A policeman was standing by the side of the road, signaling to me to pull over .6) Peter didn’t have anywhere to stay so Sarah put him up for a few days.7) Don’t worry. Everything will turn out well.8) You promised you would do it. Why did you go back on your word?9) Their business was losing money so they had to close down .10) You can’t miss him. That haircut makes him stand out in a crowd.11) I gave up smoking when I got pregnant.12) The doctor checked her over yesterday. All the tests were OK and she seemed to be fine.13) She tends to hang back in a crowd because she is so shy.14) What problems should I watch out for when buying an old house? I don’t want to be cheated.15) They offered her the job but she didn’t like it and turned it down .16) It’s hard to comfort Sandra. She doesn’t seem able to get over her mother’s death.2 Study the different meanings of the word than in the following sentences.Task: Now put the following sentences into English, using than in your translation.1) 行动比言语更响亮。
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Unit ONEEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat” from“communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of time2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2. Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)in favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for themoment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy asher second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2) dull3) chased4) launched5) accompanied6)intrinsic7) ranks8) publicity9) sufficiently10) image11)target12) transform13) temporarily14) cover15) bored16) audiences17) regard18) acknowledged19) predict2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2) and so on3) for dear life4) set their sights on5) was tired of6)turn away7) hang on8) in his presence 9) live with10) nothing but 11)for good12) set out13) What if14) tire of▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch5) seized6)gripped7) grabbed8) clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbol √. Examine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached4)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled6) fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble9) famous 10) reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1) (real) subject2) object complement3) object4) adverbial of purpose5) adverbial of purpose6) object to the verb “make”7) adverbial of result8) subject, predicate9) attributive modifying “ways”10) predicate2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1) To become a famous writer2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart5) To understand the situation completely6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8) to apply for a known job opening9) to make trouble10) To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured 7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty 13) illusory 14) regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have agood school education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your paper should cover the following points:1) the advantages of being famous2) the disadvantages of being famous3) your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc.Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun toform an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆1) imaginary2) congratulatory3) Migratory4) documentary5) legendary6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.▇ Answers:1) ( of ) will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for t heblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined thearmy and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the workwith vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work. THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job3) conclusion▆Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)。