2015年10月31日雅思阅读真题回忆
2015SAT阅读练习及答案解析
2015年SAT阅读真题question 11-12 are based on the following passagesome critics believe that the frequent use of repetition in native American ceremonial texts was a result of their oral nature and helped make the works easy to remember. native American scholar paula gunn allen argues that this factor must be peripheral, however, because people in societies without writing traditionally have had more finely developed memories than do people who use writing. native American children learned early to remember complicated instructions and long stories by heart. for a person who couldn't run to a bookshelf to look up information, reliance on memory became very important in everyday life. such a highly developed everyday memory is not likely to fail on ceremonial occasions.1. the primary purpose of the passage is to(a) refute a claim(b) describe a process(c) analyze a discovery(d) advocate a practice(e) reveal a problem2. in context, what does the final sentence suggest about native american ceremonial texts?(a) understanding them requires a highly developed memory.(b) their inclusion of complicated and detailed material is traditional.(c) they are not always oral in nature, nor are they always repetitive.(d) they are important in the everyday lives of many native americans.(e) their use of repetition cannot be explained as an aid to memorization.(1)题答案：a简析：这道题目要求你说出这篇短文的目的，那就不是只看一两句话就可以解决问题的了，这是一道主旨性题目，需要我们从宏观上做全面的把握。
2015年10月雅思真题回忆及解析
2021 年10月雅思真题回忆及解析世上的事，只要肯用心去学，没有一件是太晚的。
你只要记住你的今天比昨天进步了一点，那么你离你的梦想也就更近了一步。
无忧考网搜集整理了2021 年10月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。
2021 年10月举行了4场考试，考试时间为10月8日、10月10日、10月24日、10月31日。
以下内容仅供参考。
10月8日雅思口语真题回忆：一、Part1：major专业;stay alone独处;sports运动;Part2：successful small company，你知道的一个成功小公司;Part3：开公司需要什么;为什么关系重要;现在和以前比开公司容易吗?二、Part1：work or study、 food、festivalPart2：和朋友之间产生歧义如何解决Part3：如果对待孩子之间大家父母和孩子会争吵的原因如何沟通是否简单为何不愿意沟通三、Part1：专业和交通工具，旅行，Part2：a photograph in you family，Part3：艺术和摄影四、Part1：主要关于newspaper和news;Part2：an educational television program; part3，根据Part2：问的好多问题，怎样是一个好的educational program,是否需要请celebrity 做客等等五、Part1：from, major, the last book you like,Part2：the family member who you spend most time with，Part3：the different help between family and friends，父母在照顾baby时的不同作用，中国人一般几代人住在一起住在一起一般会有什么优点和缺点为什么六、Part1：是hometown,问得家乡是哪里，你的家乡适不适合小孩成长，然后讨论了很久关于swimming的话题，没问运动，只问了swimming。
2015年01月31日雅思考试阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心张晓予考试日期 2015年1月31日Reading Passage 1Title Tattoo on Tikopia (V101030 P1)Question types 是非无判断题 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 4题图表填空题Diagram Completion 5题表格填空题Table Completion 4题文章内容回顾本文研究的是毛利人的传统纹身，先介绍背景（定义、历史），科学家喜欢研究这种纹身，然后介绍纹身的制作工艺，最后说了纹身的含义。
相关英文原文阅读There’re still debates about the origins of Polynesian culture (debate details can be found by searching “Polynesian Culture” in wikipedia), but one thing we can ensure is that Polynesia is not a single tribe but a complex one. Polynesians which includes Marquesans, Samoans, Niueans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Hawaiians, Tahitians, and Māori, are genetically linked to indigenous peoples of parts of Southeast Asia. It’s a sub-region of Oceania, comprising of a large grouping of over 1 ,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean, within a triangle that has New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island as its corners. The two pictures below clearly show this triangle:People who live in these islands are regarded as Polynesians for their similar traits in language, customs, society and culture. Some people’s question about the differences between Polynesian and Samoan, Marquesans, Tongans or Tahitian tattoos (e.g.) can be answered here: They are just a branch of Polynesian Tattoos and each branch has its own subtle features. However few people know or realize the differences among them today.The first visited Polynesian islands were the Marquesas Islands, which is found by European explorers, the Spanish navigator, Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, in 1595. But the European navigators showed little interest due to the lack of valuable resources.Captain James Cook was the first navigator trying to explore the whole Polynesia Triangle. The naturalist aboard “the HMS Endeavour” (Captain Cook’s ship), Joseph Banks, first mentioned the word “tattoo” (Also called “Tatau” by Samoan and “Tatu” by Tahitian) in his journal: “I shall now mention the way they mark themselves indelibly, each of them is so marked by their humor ordisposition”.In 1771, when James Cook first returned to Tahiti and New Zealand from his first Voyage, the word “tattoo” appeared in Europe. He narrated a behavior of Polynesian in his voyage, which is called “tattaw”. He also brought a Tahitian named Ma’i to Europe and since then tattoo started to become rapidly famous because of the tattoos of Ma’i. Another saying is that the Polynesian tattoos were fond of by European sailors and spread extremely fast in Europe because they were with the tattoos emblazoned on their bodies when back home after voyages.The tradition of Polynesian tattooing existed from 2000 years ago. In 18th century this operation was strictly banned by the Old Testament. In early 1980′s, tattooing started to get a renaissance. Since then many lost arts were retrieved by Polynesians. But due to the difficulty in sterilizing the traditional tools, the Ministry of Health banned tattooing in French Polynesia in 1986.Although many years passed, tools and techniques of Polynesian tattooing have changed little. For a strictly traditional design, the skill gets handed from father to son, or master to disciple. Each tattoo artist, or tufuga, learned the craft over many years of serving as his master’s apprentice. They vertically passed their knowledge and rarely spread it widely because of its sacred nature.Tattoo was a way delivering information of its owner. It’s also a traditional method to fetch spiritual power, protection and strength. The Polynesians use this as a sign of character, position and levels in a hierarchy. Polynesian peoples believe that a person’s mana, their spiritual power or life force, is displayed through their tattoo. Almost every Polynesian got a tattoo in ancient times.Tattoo masters are the most crucial people because they bear the meaning of symbols and motifs in memory and know how to combine them to create a meaningful work of art to each person. For example, sea creatures are very common Polynesian symbols, like mantas, sharks, bonitos and sea urchins. Each of them has a meaning related to its inner nature and embodies the meaning by tattooing it on to the body. Polynesian tattoo masters can express varieties of meanings by combining different Polynesian symbols and motifs together.Polynesian tattoo style can vary from island to island. It depends onthe degree of evolution of various traditions from the original common tattoo designs, like Lapita, which is a former Pacific archeological culture. Ancient original styles mainly consist of some simple patterns, like straight lines, repeating on the body. These geometrical styles can be found in Hawaiian and Samoan tattoo traditions, or in tattoos from Fiji, Palau, Tonga, etc. Because the age is too far from nowadays, the meanings of these patterns are almost lost, or debatable. The most used styles nowadays, which instead consist of rounded patterns, are from Marquesas Island.题型难度分析旧题，历史文化类题材，简单。
历年雅思写作真题
2015年1月10日雅思写作真题The leaders directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. What do you think?2015年1月17日雅思写作真题Some people think that the amount of noise people make have to be controlled strictly, others say that people are free to make as much noise as they wish. Discuss both view and give your opinion.2015年1月29日雅思写作真题Currently, some scientists or travelers like to travel to remote natural environment such as south pole, do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.?2015年1月31日雅思写作真题Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to protection wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年2月7 日雅思写作真题Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists, not local people. Why? What can be done to attract local people?2015年2 月12 日雅思写作真题Some people think that the age limit for driving should be increased in order to make driving safer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年2月14日雅思写作真题The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain places so mobile should be banned like smoking.To what extend do agree or disagree?2015年2月28日雅思写作真题Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantages?2015年3月12日雅思写作真题some people think that it is more important to plant more trees in open area which in towns and cities than build more housing. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015年3月14日雅思写作真题Some working parents believe childcare centers can provide best care for their children, others believe that family members like grandparents can do a better job. Discuss both sides and give your opinion?2015年3 月21 日雅思写作真题Some people believe famous people's support towards international aids organizations draws the attentions to problems. Others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion? 2015年3月28 日雅思写作真题Some people say that communication by using computers and phones will have side effects on young people's writing and reading skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年4月11 日雅思写作真题Older people who need employment have to compete with younger people. What problems will be caused? And what are the solutions?2015年4月18日雅思写作真题Some people think only best students should be rewarded, others think we should reward students who make progress.2015年4月25 日雅思写作真题Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a rubbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年4 月30日雅思写作真题how important it is for individuals and countries to think about the future，rather than focusing on the present? 2015年5 月9 日雅思写作真题Development of technology cause environmental problems. Some people think people should choose a simplerof life. Others think that we should use technology tosolve these problems. Discuss both views and give your 2015年5 月16日雅思写作真题To improve the quality of education, people think that we should encourage our students to evaluate and criticise their teachers. Others believe that it will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both and give your own opinion.2015年5 月21 日雅思写作真题In some countries around the world men and women are having children late in life. What are the reasons for this development? What are the effects on society and family life?2015年5月30 日雅思写作真题Some people think that it is more important to plant more trees in open area which in towns and cities than build housing. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015年6月6 日雅思写作真题Some people think only best students should be rewarded; others think we should reward students who show improvement. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015年6月13 日雅思写作真题Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities，the government encourages business to move to the rural Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?2015年6月18 日雅思写作真题Some people believe famous people's support towards international aids organizations draws the attentions to problems. Others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion? 2015年6月27 日雅思写作真题Many?people?nowadays?don't?feel?safe?either?at?home?or?out.What?are?the?reasons?And?what?can?we?do?to?solve?this?problem?2015年7月4日雅思写作真题It?has?been?suggested?that?all?young?adults?should?be?required?toundertake?a?period?of?unpaid?work?helping?the?people?in?the?community.Would?the?drawbacks?be?greater?than?benefits?to?the?community?and?theyoung?adults?themselves?2015年7月11日雅思写作真题Some people think that advertising discourages us from being different individuals, as all people want to do the and look the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年7月23日雅思写作真题Some people say government should give the health care the first priorites ，some others believe there are more important priorities to spend the tax payers' money. Discuss.2015年7月25日雅思写作真题As well as making money, businesses should also have social responsibilities. Do you agree or disagree?2015年8月1日雅思写作真题The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?2015年8月8日雅思写作真题Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students about the danger of committing a crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年8月13日雅思写作真题International travel sometimes lead people have some prejudices rather than broad minds，why? How to improve the understanding of countries they visit?2015年8月29日雅思写作真题Some people regard the increasing business and cultural contact between countries as a positive development. Others, however, feel these leading to loss of national identities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015年9月3日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crimes. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015年9月12日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Students in school or university learn more from classes of teachers than other resources (eg Internet or TV), do you agree or disagree?2015年9月19日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people think everyone should be a vegetarian, because we do not need to eat meat to have a healthy diet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年9月26日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?In some countries there is not enough recycling of waste materials (eg. Paper, glass and cans.) What are the reasons and solutions?2015年10月8日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?In some countries, secondary school aims to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. Which do you think is appropriate in today’s world?2015年10月10日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年10月24日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every aspect. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2015年10月24日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every aspect. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2015年10月31日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people think people working in creative arts should be financially supported by government. Others think they should find financial support from other resources. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.2015年11月7日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?A 卷：School leavers g travelling or work before theygo directly to university. Are there more advantages or disadvantages on their study?B 卷：For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年11月14日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2题目A：The best way to teach children to cooperate is through team sports at school. To what extent do you agreeor disagree?话题：教育题型：观点类题目B：Consumption of the world’s resources (such as oil, fresh water, etc.) is increasing at a dangerous rate. What are the causes of this increased consumption? What can people do to reduce it?话题：能源题型：报告类2015年11月19日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2A卷The government should spend money in promoting sport and art in school, rather than sponsoring professional sports and art events in communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?B卷Nowadays, more and more jobs and tasks are done by machines which involve hard physical work. Does these effects of this trend outweigh the negative effects?2015年11月21日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2A卷：In some countries, the role of a mother differs in some ways from the role of a father. Why do you think these differences exist? How might parental roles develop in the future?B卷：Nowadays, most people learn academic study in university, but others think we should encourage to learn vocational skills more, do you agree or disagree?2015年12月3日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Interview is the basic form of selecting procedure for most large companies. Some people think it is unreliable. There are some other better methods. Do you agree or disagree?2015年12月5日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?People are surrounded by many kinds of advertising which can influence their life. Does the positive effect of this trend outweigh negative effects?2015年12月12日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people think reading stories in book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015年12月19日雅思写作真题之雅思大作文TASK2?Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed when they are used as money-making machines aims at tourists, other people believe that it is the only way to save such conditions in the world today. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.。
2015年A类雅思大作文真题
2015年雅思大作文真题2015.1.10The leadersor directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. What do you think?2015.1.17Some people think that the amount of noise people make have to be controlled strictly, others say that people are free to make as much as they wish. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.2015.1.29Nowadays both scientists and tourists can go to remote natural environments such as the south pole. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?2015.1.31Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.2.7Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists, not local people. Why? What can be done to attract local people?2015.2.12Some people think the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars and motorcycles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.2.28Some students take one year off between finish school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?Sample Answer:An increasing number of students choose to spend one year travelling or working before going to university after they graduate from high schools. Although students can benefit a lot from the experiences in a gap year, its drawbacks cannot be ignored.On prominent advantage of experiencing a gap year is that it helps students to accumulate working experience and have a clear perspective of career development. High schools emphasise academic development, which often makes students perplexed whenthey decide to choose a major in university. If an opportunity can be provided for them to participate in social activities, they will probably be more certain about their choice of major and work. In addition, working or traveling contributes to broadening students’ horizons and enriching their life. They need to live independently and communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds, which is of great value to both their life and work in the future.Despite these advantages, this view still cannot be supported by some parents and teachers. It is worried that students will devote too much to work and travel, and will probably give up their academic development. University is a place where students can acquire knowledge and skills. If they give up a bachelor degree, not only will the academic development be delayed, but also their career development will be negatively influenced. This is because with only a high-school degree, students are less likely to stand out in the employment market. Some graduates with low degrees have to undertake some jobs demanding long time and offering low income.To sum up, taking a gap year before starting university life provides students good opportunities to know more about themselves and the real world. However, if they are indulged in travel or work and abandon their academic task, they might feel regretful soon.2015.3.12Some people think it is important to plant more trees in open areas in towns and cities than build more housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree?主体段第一段：绿色植物光合作用不但能吸收二氧化碳而且能释放氧气。
2015雅思大作文题目汇总(全)
The leaders or directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say t hat young people can also be a leader. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2015.1.17Some people think that the amount of noise people make should be controlled strictly, while other say that people are free to make as much noise as they wish. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015.1.29It is possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments, such as South Pole. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadva ntages?2015.1.31Some people argue that too much attention and too many resources are given to the pr otection of wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2015.2.7Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists, not local people. Why? What can be done to attract local people?2015.2.12Some people think that the age limit for driving should be increased in order to make driving safer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.2.14The use of mobile phone is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain places so mobile should be banned like smoking. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015.2.28Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantages? 2015.3.12Some people think that it is more important to plant more trees in open area in towns and cities than build more housing. To what extend do agree or disagree?2015.3.14Some working parents believe childcare centers can provide best care for children, while others think family members like grandparents can do it better. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015.3.21Some people believ e famous people’s support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinions.2015.3.28Some people think that using mobile phones and computers has a negative effect on young people's reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2015.4.11Older people who need employment have to compete with younger people. What problems will be caused? And what are the solutions?Some people think that only the best students should be rewarded. Others, however, think that it is more important to reward students who show improvements. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2015.4.25Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2015.4.30In some countries, more and more adults choose to continue to live with their parents after they graduate and have found jobs. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh its disadvantages?2015.5.9Developments in science and technology have caused environmental problems. Some people think that a simpler way of life will protect the environment, while others believe that science and technology can solve environmental problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.5.16Some people believe that in order to improve educational quality, we should encourage students to make comments or even criticism on their teachers, but others think it will lead to the loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.5.21In some countries around the world men and women are having children late in life. What are the reasons for this development? What are the effects on society and family life?2015.5.30Many countries believe that international tourism has harmful effects. Why do they think so? What can be done to change their views?2015.6.6Some people prefer to provide help or support directly to the local community, while others think we should donate aid to national or international charitable organizations. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.6.13Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities，the government encourages business to move to the rural area. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?2015.6.18In many countries, a high proportion of criminal acts are committed by teenagers. What are the reasons and what do you suggest to solve this problem？2015.6.27Nowadays, many people do not feel safe either when they are at home or go out. What are the reasons and what can be done to solve this problem?2015.7.4It is suggested that young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work in thecommunity. Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and young people?2015.7.11Some people think that advertising discourages us from being different individuals, as all people want to do the same and look the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.7.23Some people say the government should give priority to the health care, while others believe that tax payers' money should be spent on more important things. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.7.25As well as making money, businesses should have other social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.8.1The natural resources such as oil, forests and water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause and how can we solve these problems? 2015.8.8Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime,do you agree or disagree?2015.8.13International travel make people prejudiced more than board-mind, why? How to imp rove the understanding of countries they visit?2015.8.29Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries is a positive development, while others believe this will lead to the loss of national identities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.9.3Some people believe more actions can be taken to prevent crimes, while others think that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.9.12Students in school or university can learn more from classes and teachers than from other sources (e.g. the Internet or TV）. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2015.9.19Some people think everyone should be a vegetarian and they do not need to eat meat to stay healthy. To what extent do you agree or disagree？2015.9.26In many countries, there is not enough recycling of waste materials (e.g. paper, glass, cans).What are the reasons and solutions?2015.10.8In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. which is appropriate in today’s world.Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.10.24Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every way. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2015.10.31Some people think that creative artists should be financially supported by the government;others think that these artists should look for other sources of support. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2015.11.7ASchool leavers go travelling or work before they go directly to university. Are there more advantages or disadvantage on their study?2015.11.7BFor schoolchildren, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.11.14AThe best way to teach children to cooperate with others is through team sports at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.11.14BConsumption of the world’s resources(such as oil, fresh water,etc.) is increasing at a dangerous rate. What are the causes of this increased consumption? What can people do reduce it?2015.11.19The government should spend money in promoting sport and art in school, rather than sponsoring professional sports and art events in communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.11.21AIn some countries, the role of a mother differs in some ways from the role of a father. Why do you think the differences exist? How might parental roles develop in the future?2015.11.21BNowadays, most people concentrate on academic subjects in university, but some experts suggest that we should encourage students to learn vocational skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.12.3Interviews form the basic selecting procedure for most large companies. However some people think interviews is not a reliable means of choosing who to employ and there are some other better methods of selection. To what extent do you agree or disagree?People are surrounded by many kinds of advertising which can influence their life. Does the positive effect of this trend outweigh negative effect?2015.12.12Reading story books is better for children than watching television or playing comput er games. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2015.12.19Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed as they are used as money -making attractions, while others think it is the only way so save them. Discuss both views and give your opinion.。
20150207雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王婧考试日期 2015年2月7日Reading Passage 1Title History of Sahara（历史类）(V120616 P1)Question types TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Short answer questions Summary文章内容回顾A. On October 13,2,000, a small team of palaeontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere, on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg, turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a “desert within a desert”a California-size ocean of sand and rock, where a single massive dune might stretch a hundred miles, and the combination of 120-degree heat and inexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day. The harsh conditions, combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government, have kept the region largely unexplored.B. Mike Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team, headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes. He crested the first slope and stared in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with bones. He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Land Rovers. ‘I found some bones:' Hettwer said, when the team had regrouped. "But they're not dinosaurs. They're human."C. In the spring of 2005 Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in Italy, inviting her to accompany him on a return to the site. Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert, and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul Sereno. His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed farfetched, given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists would later be skeptical; one sniped that he was just a “moonlighting paleontologist." But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper. She agreedto join him.D. Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. She held a Kiffian sherd next to a Tenerian one. “What is so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived more than a thousand years apart.E. Over the next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-- along with five American excavators, five Tuareg guides, and five soldiers from Niger's army, sent to protect the camp from bandits-- made a detailed map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero, after the Tuareg name for the area. They exhumed eight burials and collected scores of artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake bed adjacent to t he dunes, they found dozens of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't just going after small fry: Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast of a fish that can weigh nearly 300 pounds, as well as crocodile and hippo bones.F. Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season. In the meantime, he carefully removed one tooth from each of four skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating. The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burials at roughly 9,000 years old, the heart of the Kiffian era. The smaller “sleeping” skeletons turned out to be about 6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period. At least now the scientists knew who was who.G. In the fall of 2006 they returned to Gobero, accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to excavate some 80 burials, and the team began digging. As the skeletons began to emerge from the dunes, each presented a fresh riddle, especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth.H. Even at the site, Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together some clues. Judging by the bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful, hardworking people. “The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they weren't doing much fighting,” he told me. “And these guys were strong.” He pointed to a long, narrow ridge running along a femur. “That’s the muscle attachment,” he said. “This individual had huge leg muscles, which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuouslifestyle-- both consistent with a fishing way of life.” For contrast, he showed me the femur of a Tenerian male. The ridge was barely perceptible. “This guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle,” he said, “which you might expect of a herder."I. Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian were herders fits the prevailing view among scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000 years ago, when drier conditions favored herding over hunting. But if the Tenerian were herders, Sereno pointed out, where were the herds? Among the hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site, none belonged to goats or sheep, and only three came from a cow species. “It’s not unusual for a herding culture not to slaughter their cattle, particularly in a cemetery，M Garcea responded, noting that even modem pastoralists, such as Niger’s Wodaabe, are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned, the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.J. Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to analyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans’ health and diet. Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth, which could reveal the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian — and possibly link them to descendants living today. Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remain to be excavated. But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes, time is running out. “Every archaeological site has a life cycle，” Garcea said. “It begins when people begin to use the place, followed by disuse, then nature takes over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is at the end of its life.”两个考古学家找骨头，然后研究两种人（K和T）的历史。
2015年1雅思阅读真题回忆
Passage 1 ： 题⽬：Seed Hunting 内容：濒危种⼦ 题型：填空概括题4+判断题6+多选题2 题号：旧题 ⽂章参考： Seed Hunting With quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock the preserve the Earth's botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the globe, scouringjungles，forests and savannas. But they‘re not looking for ancient artefacts，lost treasure or undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for profit hunters in the employ of biotechnologyfirms，pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species. Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Trade scant, an English royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later， the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks-who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the end of the 18th century—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around the world at his own expense. Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modem mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren，a good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field⼀he could easily be mistaken for the cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank，an 80 million [pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to protect the world's most endangered wild plant species. The group's headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare Estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5，100 species represented are virtually all of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country‘s flora. Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity’s efforts，an estimated 25 percent of the world's plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale，and during the past 400 years，plant species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being ‘normal’. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries alone. The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops，plants are a source of many machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet，across the globe，plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are discovered. The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild，it won‘t be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or destroyed environment or in scientific research to find new benefits for society- in medicine, agriculture or local industry- that would otherwise be Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world’s plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith，another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers，" he says. "Storage is the basis what we do，conserving seeds until you can use them-just as in farming." Smith says there's no reason why any plant species should become extinct，given today’s technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge is finding，naming and categorising all the world's plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it’s too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing this，" he says." The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire." There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe，with a combined total of 5.4 million samples，of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order to ensure cropdiversity; others aim to conserve wild species，although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild. Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds. Last year, Imperial College, London，examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries，budget had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust，which aims to raise US $260 million to protect seed banks in perpetuity. 题⽬参考： Question 14-19 TRUE/FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 14. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. True 15. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. Not given 16. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. True 17. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. True 18. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. False 19. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. True Question 20-24 Summary Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 20 extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 21 drugs，crops. They are called seed hunters. The 22 pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 23 Sir Joseph Banks，who financially supported collectors out of his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks，one of which is the famous millennium seed bank，where seeds are all stored in the 24 underground vaults at a low temperature. Question 25-26 Multiple choice Which TWO of the following are provided by plants to the human? AB A food B fuels C clothes D energy E commercial products (顺序可能有误，仅供参考) Passage 2 : 题⽬：Implication of False Belief Experiments 内容：错误信念实验 题型：段落信息配对题7+概括题7 参考⽂章：(⽂章为部分回忆贫选，仅供参考) Implication of False Belief Experiments A A considerable amount of research since the mid 1980s has been concerned with what has been termed children’s theory of mind. This involves children’s ability to understand that people can have different beliefs and representations of the world -a capacity that is shown by four years of age. Furthermore, this ability appears to be absent in children with autism. The ability to work out what another person is thinking is clearly an important aspect of both cognitive and social development. Furthermore, one important explanation for autism is that children suffering from this condition do not have a theory of mind (TOM). Consequently, the development of children’s TOM has attracted considerable attention. B Wimmer and Pemer devised a 'false belief task5 to address this question. They used some toys to act out the followingstory. Maxi left some chocolate in a blue cupboard before he went out. When he was away his mother moved the chocolate to a green cupboard. Children were asked to predict where Maxi will look for his chocolate when he returns. Most children under four years gave the incorrect answer，that Maxi will look in the green cupboard. Those over four years tended to give the correct answer, that Maxi will look in the blue cupboard. The incorrect answers indicated that the younger children did not understand that Maxi’s beliefs and representations no longer matched the actual state of the world, and they failed to appreciate that Maxi will act on the basis of his beliefs rather than the way that the world is actually organised. C A simpler version of the Maxi task was devised by Baron-Cohen to take account of criticisms that younger children may have been affected by the complexity and too much information of the story in the task described above. For example, the child is shown two dolls， Sally and Anne, who have a basket and a box，respectively. Sally also has a marble，which she places in her basket，and then leaves to take a walk. While she is out of the room，Anne takes the marble from the basket, eventually putting it in the box. Sally returns, and the child is then asked where Sally will look for the marble. The child passes the task if she answers that Sally will look in the basket，where she put the marble; the child fails the task if she answers that Sally will look in the box，where the child knows the marble is hidden，even though Sally cannot know, since she did not see it hidden there. In order to pass the task，the child must be able to understand that another’s mental representation of the situation is different from their own，and the child must be able to predict behavior based on that understanding. The results of research using false-belief tasks have been fairly consistent: most normally-developing children are unable to pass the tasks until around age four. D Leslie argues that，before 18 months，children treat the world in a literal way and rarely demonstrate pretence. He also argues that it is necessary for the cognitive system to distinguish between what is pretend and what is real. If children were not able to do this, they would not be able to distinguish between imagination and reality. Leslie suggested that this pretend play becomes possible because of the presence of a de-coupler that copies primary representations to secondary representations. For example, children，when pretending a banana is a telephone, would make a secondary representation of a banana. They would manipulate this representation and they would use their stored knowledge of 'telephone5 to build on this pretence. E There is also evidence that social processes play a part in the development of TOM. Meins and her colleagues have found that what they term mindmindedness in maternal speech to six-month old infants is related to both security of attachment and to TOM abilities. Mindmindedness involves speech that discusses infants5 feelings and explains their behaviour in terms of mental states (e. g. < you’re feeling hungry’).。
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2015年10月31日雅思阅读真题回忆今天小编给大家带来的主要内容是2015年10月31日雅思阅读真题回忆, 本次考试三篇文章两新一旧，第一篇内容关于脸盲症，第二篇为新西兰的aquaculture , 第三篇是一本书的书评book review。
本次考试内容整体比较简单，没有配对填空题出现，其它题型皆为常规题型。
大家可以参考剑桥真题相似文章，以便更好地备考接下来的雅思阅读考试。
Passage 1 ：题目：Sorry, who you are?内容：脸盲症题型：判断题7+填空题6题号：新题文章大意：文章先用一个人的案例引出脸盲症，分析了脸盲症的出现概率，发病情况，提出先天导致与后天导致两种猜想Question 1- 7答案：1-7判断题1. F2. F3. NG4. T5. T6. T7. NG9-13填空题8. animals9.10.11. gene12. left13. cheating(部分可回忆，答案仅供参考)Passage 2 ：题目：Aquaculture in New Zealand内容：新西兰水产养殖题型：配对题10+填空题3文章大意：介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作的方式一aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。
参考文章：(以下文章仅是相似相关内容，并非考试文章，仅供参考)Aquaculture in NewA Aquaculture is the general term given to the cultivation of any fresh or salt water plant or animal. It takes place in New Zealand in coastal marine areas (mariculture) and in inland tanks or enclosures.B Aquaculture in New Zealand currently (2008) occupies 14,188 ha. Of that area, 7,713 ha is in established growing areas and is owned by the aquaculture industry, 4,010 ha is used to enhance the wild scallop fishery and belongs to the Challenger Scallop Enhancement Company,[6] and 2,465 ha is an exposed site six kilometres offshore from Napier where trials are being undertaken by a private company to test the site's economic viability.C In 2005 the aquaculture industry provided direct employment for about 2,500 full time equivalents, mostly in the processing sector. A similar amount of indirect employment resulted from flow-on effects. The aquaculture industry is important for some coastal areas around New Zealand where there is limited employment. This applies particularly to some Maori communities with traditional links to coastal settlements.D Marine aquaculture, mariculture, occurs in the sea, generally in sheltered bays along the coast. In New Zealand, about 70 percent of marine aquaculture occurs in the top of the South Island. In the North Island, the Firth of Thames is productive.E Marine farmers usually look for sheltered and unpolluted waters rich in nutrients. Often these areas are also desirable for other purposes. In the late 1990s, demand forcoastal aquaculture space upsurged, increasing fivefold.[18] Aquaculture consents developed haphazardly, with regional councils unsure about how marine farms might impact coastal environments. By 2001, some councils were inundated with marine farm applications, and were operating with inadequate guidelines for sustainably managing the coast.[19] As the Ministry for the Environment put it: “Attempts to minimise local or cumulative environmental effects resulted in bottlenecks, delays and high costs in processing applications for new marine farms, local moratoria, submitter fatigue and poor environmental outcomes. Marine farmers, local communities, and the government wanted change.”F In 2002, the government stopped issuing consents for more new marine farms while they reformed the legislation. The consents had operated under a system overseen by both the Ministry of Fisheries and the regional councils. The reforms aimed to streamline these applications for both freshwater and marine farms. Industry farmers objected to the moratorium, on the grounds that delaying expansion and diversification could not be in the interest of the industry. Maori groups considered they were especially affected since they were the main applicants for coastal farms.G This took three years, and in early 2005, Parliament passed the Aquaculture Reform Act 2004, which introduced the new legislation. The act amends five existing acts to cope with the new environmental demands, and creates two new acts, the Maori Commercial Aquaculture Claims Settlement Act 2004 and the Aquaculture Reform (Repeals and Transitional Provisions) Act 2004.[20] The legislation and administration of aquaculture inNew Zealand is complex for such a small industry. A more comprehensive overview can be found here.H Aquaculture is administered in New Zealand through labyrinth bureaucracies, with consequent diluted responsibilities. No single ministerial portfolio or government agency is responsible. As an example, in 2007 the government released a strategy on aquaculture. This strategy was endorsed by six government ministers with the following portfolios: fisheries, environment, conservation, local government, Maori affairs, industry and regional development. Further, there were five government departments directly involved in the preparation of the strategy. As another example, the access to marine and freshwater aquaculture sites are under the control of 17 regional local government agencies with yet more oversight by various central government agencies.参考答案：14. vi ( 一受益的村庄)15. 选含beginning的那项16. 选含limitation的那项17. 选含concerns to environment 的那项18. 选含alternative explanation 的那项19. 选含research的那项20. 选含science and business 的那项21. D22. C23. E24. polyculture25. commercial partner26. market value(答案可能有误，仅供参考)Passage 3 ：题名：A review of Hulb Brooks' book: We should live in cities题型：判断题5+单选题5+填空题4文章大意：作者对于这本书带有批判性的分析，先承认其分析合理之处，再批判书中的不足。