2008年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试题及答案

2008年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试题(考试时间：1月12日8：30—11：00)本试卷分为两部分，满分100分；考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题，共9页。

应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂和答题。

不能答在试题纸上，否则答题无效。

PART ONE (50 POINTS)I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字涂黑。

1. The lady_______little importance to the differences in their ages.A. attackedB. attachedC. attractedD. attended2. Her face hadn't________much over the years.A. variedB. transferredC. rangedD. altered3. Does he have enough_________to manage this ever-changing situation?A. profitabilityB. disabilityC. flexibilityD. possibility4. The young man is extremely_______ to get married in haste.A. reluctantB. resistantC. insistentD. consistent5. The government is determined to put an end_______the embarrassing situation.A. fromB. toC. inD. with6. She fulfilled her___________of conquering Mt. Qomolangman.A. ambitionB. adoptionC. conditionD. conception7. Tom has a great_________of hobbies: he likes swimming, singing and painting.A. densityB. qualityC. entityD. variety8. The traffic was___________for more than thirty minutes, which made me late for class.A. broken upB. called upC. made upD. held up9. Hunting as well as conversing with friends is his greatest________A. involvementB. engagementC. enjoymentD. disappointment10. We should gradually reduce our country's__________on imported oil.A. dependenceB. productionC. exportationD. refinementII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment.There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be ___11_______ Today things are ___12_____ and the world has become too crowded. We are 13 our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are polluting ourenvironment 14 dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth will not 15People realize today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none 16 . Yet, with modem fishing methods, more and more fish are caught. We know that 17 too many trees are cut down, forests will disappear and 18 will grow on the land. Yet, we use bigger and more powerful 19 to cut down more and more trees.We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, fish 20 die.However, in most countries wastes are still put into rivers or into the sea, and there arefew laws to stop this.11. A. unlawful B. unlimited C. unjustified D. unlikely12. A. different B. similar C. indifferent D. familiar13. A. turning out B. calling off C. using up D. running over14. A. by B. through C. in D. with15. A. survive B. live C.. reserve D. relieve16. A. to leave B. leave C.leaving D. left17.A.if B. whether C. because D.although18. A. anything B. something C. nothing D.everything19. A. devices B. machines C. instruments D. means20. A. can B. should C. will D. shall III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

Passage One,Questions 21 to,25 are based on the following passage.The term birdbrain is considered an offensive word, but some birds actually arepretty clever. One African grey parrot in suburban Boston is said to have the cognitiveabilities of a five-year-old child. According to the study of Avian Learning Experiment,Alex is a 29-year-old bird that's been trained most of his life by Irene Pepperberg, Ph. D,a Harvard-educated professor now teaching at Brandeis University. Alex can identify 50different objects, seven colors, five shapes, and the concepts of bigger, smaller, sameand different. And Pepperberg says, "Alex also knew what was appropriate to say."Pepperberg insists that Alex makes reasoned decisions--meaning he possesseslanguage abilities once thought to separate humans from the rest of the animal kingdom.During an experiment in 2004, researchers gave Alex different-colored blocks in sets oftwo, three and six. When asked which color group had five blocks, Alex replied,"None" .And he repeated the answer in duplicate tests. although Alex had previouslylearned the term to describe the difference between two identically sized objects, he apparently interpreted the concept of "none" as an absence of quantity all on his own."The important thing was not just that he understood a zero-like, cancel" says Pepperberg, "but that he was able to take information from one area and apply it toanother. That's a lot like a high school student answering questions on a quiz show."What Alex has achieved makes him outstanding. If you Google his name plusAfrican grey parrot, you'll get 207,000 hits, almost as many as another knowledgeableAlex--Jeopardy!21. It is said that an African grey parrot in Boston is___________A. as smart as a 29-year-old personB. as clever as a five-year-old childC. as bright as a high school studentD. as intelligent as a Harvard professor22. The passage implies that Alex has no concept ofA. weightB. colorC. shapeD. size23. In Pepperberg's eyes, Alex has the same ability to________ as a human being.A. build blocksB. use languageC. increase sizesD. describe shapes24. Pepperberg thinks that Alex is different because he could___________A. understand nothing about numbersB. collect information to help PepperbergC. answer questions for a high-school studentD. apply what he has learned to another field25. Alex is well-known because he is_____________A. an African grey parrotB. highly focused on the netC. as knowledgeable as JeopardyD. a favorite bird of Pepperberg'sPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.I heard the noise first. A car, obviously out of control, was running straight toward me and my four-year-old son as we stood on the sidewalk waiting to cross the street.There was no time to do anything; it all happened in a second.The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never be erased from my memory. I don't know how close the car came to us, because I turnedaway at the last second, but it was close. People stopped their cars and asked if we were okay."It didn't hit us," I remember saying. Then I bent down and hugged my son."Mom, that car nearly hit us," Scott said brightly, still holding the construction-paper cat he'd made at school. He has no idea what a ton of metal going 50m.p.h, can do to 39 pounds of a little boy. Much of his world view comes from cartoons, especially Spider-Man, who he believes can fly down to help anyone out of danger.I found myself walking to the car. A woman of about 60 sat inside, still holding the steering wheel. "Are you all right. I asked her. Translation: Did you just have a heart attack? Why did you just try to kill me and my little boy?"Someone cut me off,"she started, lnterrupting her, I said we'd both better say our prayers that night. I didn't begin to get angry until later.The woman who nearly killed us was in.a hurry. Very likely she was speeding tomake the next traffic light at the crossroads. The driver she said cut her off was probablyin a hurry, too, trying to turn into traffic.Nor am I blameless. We had stopped on the sidewalk because I wanted to shave twominutes off my busy day by running across the street rather than walking the half blockto the light at the crossroads. Instead, I nearly shaved off two lives.Just a week before, !. had returned from a trip to Japan, flying almost 60,000 milesin six different planes. They. makes six takeoffs and landings, 12 opportunities be thetop story on the nightly news. To think I'd survived 16,000 miles of air flight, only to be almost killed three blocks from home.Today I resolve to slow down and think about the spring, the flowers and our children our innocents, our contracts with the future.26. The boy in the passage did not realize__________.A. a car was passing byB. danger was close to himC. the Spider-man was nearbyD. a car was hitting the sidewalk27. The mother was very angry___________.A. in the accidentB. till the accidentC. later after the accidentD. throughout the accident28. The passage indicates that___________A. the mother should be held partially responsible for the accidentB. the woman should be held wholly responsible for the accidentC. the mother should be held solely responsible for the accidentD.the woman driver should be held fully responsible for the accident29.he accident occurred __________away from the author's home.A. fifty milesB. a few feetC. a half blockD. three blocks30.The phrase "our innocents" in the last paragraph most probably refers to_______.A. the springB. the futureC. the childrenD. the flowersPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Darwin's great work, The Origin of Species, is now generally accepted as one ofthe most important books ever written. But when it first came out in 1859, it wasbitterly criticized by scientists and laymen.Much of the oppositions to The Origin of Species arose from Darwin's claim thatall living creatures, including man, are somehow related. Many people were outraged bythe suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals such as apes andmonkeys. They attacked Darwin for saying that man has descended from the apes.But Darwin never actually said this. He believed that modern men and modernapes have both descended from the same ancestor. But at some time in pre-history,millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since havecontinued to take on different characteristics, Today, more than 90 years after Darwin's death, this is the opinion which scientists continue to hold.In his works, Darwin described the possession of life from its earliest forms. First came the invertebrates--creatures without a backbone. The invertebrates evolved intofish; fish into amphibians; amphibians into reptiles, and reptiles into birds andmammals.Fossil remains found after his death show that Darwin was right. Perhaps the mostamazing fact about his theory is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only afew fossil discoveries. Fossil remains were not the only information which we nowpossess but Darwin lacked. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men;nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modemuses of radiation which enable scientists to tell the age of fossil remains and so estimate the speed at which evolution has taken place.Lacking all this information, Darwin had to rely on other branches of science. Oneof them was comparative anatomy (解剖学): the science which compares the physicalmake-up of different species. He observed that all vertebrates--amphibians, reptiles,birds and mammals--possess forelimbs which are basically the same. The limbs may beused for swimming, flying, or walking, but they are all built on the same plan. Theycontain one bone in the upper arm, two bones in the forearm, several bones in the wrist,and five bones in the hand with finger joints attached.Darwin marveled at this similarity between such widely differing species. "What can be more curious," he asked, "than the fact that the hand or a man formed forgrasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of a horse, and the wings of a bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern?, From-the extraordinary fact, he drew the correct conclusion that different species share the same characteristics because they aredescended from the same ancestor. Then, they took on the separate characteristics whichhelped them most in the straggle to survive in their own local environments.31. Darwin was bitterly criticized by scientists and laymen because of________.A. his close observation of fossilsB. his lack of convincing evidenceC. their oppositions to his researchD. their misunderstanding of his theory32. Darwin's theory was created based on________.A. a few fossil remainsB. a large body of fossil remainsC. a lot of help from his ancestorD. a great deal of reference materials33. Darwin tried to prove his theory with the help of__________.A. blood typesB. evolution speedC. modem medicineD. comparative anatomy34. According to anatomy, there are two bones___________.A. in the left armB. in the fight armC. in the lower armD. in the upper arm35. According to Darwin, different species are descended__________.A, in the different patternB. from the same ancestorC. in the same environmentD. with separate characteristicsPART TWO (50 POINTS)III. Word Spelling (10 points, I point for two items)将下列汉语单词译成英语。