港口经济与区域经济发展策略研究

港口经济与区域经济发展策略研究摘要：港口是带动区域经济发展的核心战略资源。

港口以其便利的地理位置，作为对外往来的枢纽，以其独特的基础资源推进区域内产业结构的升级与优化，以其集聚、扩散等效应带动促进区域经济的发展。

关键词：港口经济；区域经济；优化策略；论文下载港口经济是由港航运输、工业地带、商贸、旅游等相关产业组成的一种小范围经济，有明显的运输低成本、强流动性、外向型等特性。

亚洲“四小龙”、珠江三角洲和长江三角洲等区域经济的飞跃发展，都显示了港口经济在其经济发展中的巨大贡献和推动力。

一、港口经济效应阐述首先，港口地带的低运输成本是吸引商贸的最大诱惑因素。

便捷的港口运输和货物的规模化流动成为国际经贸企业的首选因素之一，吸引了大量外来投资，推动了公共基础设施建设和人口就业，进地区建设与经济发展的良性互动。

其次，是港口经济对区域经济的物流整合效应。

港口不但可提供货物装卸、中转和仓储等物流服务，还可以利用其信息通讯以及信息网络，为用户提供所需市场信息与决策信息。

再者，聚合区际经济，强化区域一体化发展。

港口可以在区域内实现产业优势互补，降低产业成本，产生巨大的聚合效应，强化区域一体化发展。

最后，港口经济的投资乘数效应和全局性效应。

港口经济肯定直接推动本区域的基础设施发展。

另外，数据显示港口生产经营与其他相关产业及间接诱发的经济贡献为1:5，提供就业比值为1:9。

二、港口经济模型处理——以南部沿海城市为例为了定量研究港口对区域经济的促进效应，我们对某沿海省份的港口吞吐量与GDP运用线性回归函数表达并进行回归模拟。

建立如下计量经济模型:各字母代表如下:Y——沿海某省国内生产总值GDP，用来度量该省区域经济的发展;X——沿海某省省内港口吞吐量，用来度量该省港口经济的发展;c2——港口吞吐量对于GDP的平均影响，, u为随机误差。

根据某省份2000年到2011国内生产总值与省内港口吞吐量的相关数据进行整理得到表2-l: 表2-1 （Y单位亿元，X单位千吨)将表3-1导入Eviews软件进行OLS估计，检验结果合理。

经过eviews辅助分析，我们得到以下模型:Y=0.04420114036*X+1073. 272641【36. 13056】【3. 076984】(0. 0000) (0. 0105)其中，【】内为t值，()内为P值R^2=0.990884 F=1305.417该模型的经济意义可解释为:该省港口吞吐量每增长1%，则其省内GDP平均增长4. 42% 。

从图3-1也可以看出，原始数据与拟合数据的拟合度比较好，计算涉及的两个变量之间可近似拟合为线性，即我们可以使用原来的模型进行回归估计。

由此说明:港口经济通过这种大约为1: 4的乘数关系对该省区域经济起到事半功倍的作用。

三、区域经济融合下优化港口经济的策略虽然改革开放以来，我国港口经济有效推动了国民经济的总体发扎，但其涵盖的地域和发展程度仍显不足，其综合服务功能比较薄弱，经济效应辐射范围仍有较大开发潜力，国际中转枢纽地位尚未稳固，甚至更有来自日韩等国外港口的激励竞争，在经济全球化的背景下，优化港口经济发展，从来带动国内区域经济提升显得尤为重要。

3.1大力发展临港工业群，把腹地经济的发展作为港口建设的有效支撑，腹地经济以港口的大运量、大吞吐量的特点为支点，形成优势互补，生态共存。

如日本的“三湾一海”就是成功的典范。

3.2构建区域协调的集疏交通网络体系。

围绕港口经济的运输优势，集中力量搞好区域范围内的铁路、公路及航空建设，形成一个以港口为起点，以高速公路和铁路为主骨架，以省级干线公路、农村公路为补充的水陆互补、功能完善、交通便捷的港口集疏运网络，充分发挥港口在人流、物流运输中的主渠道作用。

3.3全方位开放，进行体制创新，有效整合资源，推行自由港政策。

自由港政策为港口发展带来了大量的过境转运船舶和集装箱货源。

参考文献：[1]乔婷婷，周良毅，我国港口经济发展的战略选择，物流技术，2006 (9)[2]丁汝民，发挥港口优势促进区域经济整合，港口经济，2005 (2)Abstract: The port is the core strategic resource which drives the regional economic development. With its convenient geographical location, the port as a hub for external contacts, with its unique basic resources to promote regional industrial structure upgrading and optimization, with its concentration, proliferation and other effects to promote regional economic development.Key words: port economy; regional economy; optimization strategy;The port economy is a small-scale economy composed of shipping, industrial zone, trade, tourism and other related industries, and has obvious characteristics of low cost, strong liquidity and export-oriented transportation. The rapid development of regional economies such as the Asian "Four Little Dragons", the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta have all demonstrated the enormous contribution and impetus of the port economy in its economic development.First, port economic effects elaboratedFirst of all, the port of the low transport costs is the biggest temptation to attract business factors. Convenient port transport and large-scale flow of goods to become the first choice for international economic and trade enterprises, attracting a large number of foreign investment, and promote the public infrastructure and population employment, into the area of construction and economic development of positive interaction. Secondly, it is the logistics integration effect of port economy to regional economy. The port not only can provide cargo handling, transit and warehousing logistics services, but also can use its information and communication and information network, to provide users with the required market information and decision-making information. Furthermore, the regional economic integration, strengthen the regional integration. The port can realize the industrial advantages complement each other in the region, reduce the industrial cost, produce enormous polymerization effect, strengthen the regional integration development. Finally, the investment of the port economy multiplier effect and global effect. The port economy certainly contributes directly to the development of infrastructures in the region. In addition, the data show that port production and management and other related industries and indirectly induced economic contribution of 1: 5, to provide employment ratio of 1: 9. Second, the port economic model processing - the southern coastal cities as an exampleIn order to quantitatively study the promoting effect of port on regional economy, we use a linear regression function to express the port throughput and GDP of a coastal province and carry out regression simulation. The following econometric models are established:The letters are as follows:Y - a coastal province of GDP GDP, used to measure the province's regional economic development;X - the coastal province of a coastal port throughput, the port is used to measure the economic development of the province;C2 - the average impact of port throughput on GDP, and u is the random error.According to a province 2000 to 2011 gross domestic product and the port throughput of the relevant data are summarized in Table 2-l:Table 2-1 (Y unit billion yuan, X unit thousand tons)Import Eviews software in Table 3-1 for OLS estimation, and the test results are reasonable. After the eviews help analysis, we get the following model:Y = 0.04420114036 * X + 1073. 272641[36. 13056] [3. 076984](0. 0000) (0. 0105)Among them, [] for t value, () within the P valueR ^ 2 = 0.990884 F = 1305.417The economic significance of the model can be explained as follows: the province's port throughput growth of 1% each, the province's GDP average growth of 4. 42%. It can be seen from Fig. 3-1 that the fit between the original data and the fitting data is good, and the two variables involved in the calculation can be approximated to be linear, that is, we can use the original model to estimate the regression. This shows that the port economy through this roughly 1: 4 multiplier relationship to the province's regional economy plays a multiplier role.Third, regional economic integration under the strategy of optimizing the port economy Although the port economy has effectively promoted the overall development of the national economy since the reform and opening up, its coverage area and degree of development are still insufficient, its comprehensive service function is weak, economic effect radiation range still has great potential for development. In the context of economic globalization, optimizing the economic development of the port has always been the driving force for boosting the regional economic development in the country, and it is even more important to promote the regional economy.3.1 to develop the port industrial group, the hinterland of economic development as an effective support for the port construction, hinterland economy to the port's large capacity, large throughput characteristics as the fulcrum, the formation of complementary advantages, ecological coexistence. Such as Japan's "three Bay a sea" is a successful example.3.2 Construction of regional coordination Ji Shu traffic network system. Around the port of economic transport advantages, concentrate on doing a good job within the regional railway, highway and aviation construction, the formation of a port as a starting point to the main highway and railway skeleton to the provincial trunk roads, rural roads to supplement the land and water Complementary, functional, convenient traffic collectionand distribution network port, give full play to the port in the flow of people, the role of the main transport logistics.3.3 All-round opening up, institutional innovation, effective integration of resources, the implementation of free port policy. Free port policy has brought a large number of transshipment ships and container sources for port development.references:[1] Qiao Tingting, Zhou Liangyi, China's port economic development strategy, logistics technology, 2006 (9)[2] Ding Rumin, harness advantage to promote regional economic integration, port economy, 2005 (2)。