第五部分 补全短文

第五部分补全短文Why do people shrink?Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size.For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less) , and this kind of shrinking can' t be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. F. But why does shrinking happen at all? .There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another.A. They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter. But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people—especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit.Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though. B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again. .Reinventing the T ableAn earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table1 to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia3 says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,”says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge C “I imagine this would be good forundergraduates.D Railsback has listed some elements more than once.He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots - one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water.E And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crustResearch Shows Walking Can Lift Depression (卫生类)New research by German scientists shows that author Charles Dicknes was onto a good thing when he took long, brisk walks to relieve periodic bouts of depression. The author of Oliver Twist and David Copperfield would walk for hours in the 1860s as an antidote to intense feelings of sadness which alternated with restless euphoria.______(1)_____Aerobic exercise like rapid walking can be more effective at lifting depression than drugs, reported the scientists led by Dr. Fernando Dimeo.______(2)_____The team found that in 10 of these patients drugs had failed to bring any substantial improvement. The team devised an exercise regime for the group that involved walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes every day. ______(3)_____ The intensity of the training programme was stepped up as the heart rate adapted.A measurement of depression severity was taken at the start and the end of the programme, and patients were asked to rate their own mood regularly over a 10-day period. The researchers in Berlin found that after 10 days of the course six patients felt “substantially less depressed”.______(4)_____ Two were slightly less depressed, while four others remained unchanged. Depression levels overall fell by a third and on the self-assessed scores by 25 percent, said the researchers whose findings appeared in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.The study was small but the extent of the improvement was said by scientists to be impressive.______(5)_____Nineteenth century doctors woul d have called Dickens’s condition melancholia since the psychological condition of depression was unknown. Dickens biographer Peter Ackroyd says the author’s son Charles remembers his father’s “heavy moods of deep depression” and many times of “intense nervous irritability”, something modern psychologists would certainly recognize.A. The number included five who had not found any relief using drug treatmment.B. Long and brisk walks are not necessarily beneficial to every person.C. They studied 12 people with severe depression that had lasted an average of nine months.D. The outcome indicated a clinical benefit which could not be obtained with pharmacological treatment currently available, they said.E. This is also the advice that experts from the Free University in Berlin are giving today.F. According to the regime, intense activity lasting three minutes was alternated with walking at half speed for three minutes.U.S.,european drug offcials approve inhaled insulinA form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold wi t hin a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera. The Uni t ed States Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission both recently approved it for adults.It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone.People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera.Somepatients with lung disease should not take it either.Three drug companies -- Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics -- developed the inhaled insulin. Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide.Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involveseveral injections each day.Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. I t can also lead toheart disease, stroke and kidney failure.Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece.Pfizer will study the long-term effects. I t says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin. People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least oncea year after that.Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.I t is common in people who are overweight and not active.Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise andweight control are also important.Type One diabetes often begins in childhood. Wi t h this type the body is unable to produce insulin.Officials say diabetics wi t h either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal.But Type One diabetics and some wi t h Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day.The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes", he offers this advice to anyone __(1)___: "Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that".You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if __(2)__. If anyone has ever done this to you, youprobably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves".On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. Itwould be dishonest for me to act that way".In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us __(3)__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, butit goes much better than the old one."But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, 'total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting maybe best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.Much of __(4)__ also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed,they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on __(5)_. That is at least asimportant as how much we know.EXERCISE:A) Feel comfortable about changing our social habitsB) What has been said about strangersC) How we get along with other peopleD) Interested in starting new friendshipsE) Hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the roomF) Who are eager to make friends with everyoneKEY: D E A B C。