英语选修七 unit 4 grammar学案

Book 7 Unit 4 Sharing导学案Period IV Grammar: Revise the Attributive Clause 【restrictive】学习目标>> ●Learn grammar: the restrictive attributive clause【学习重点、难点】How to use the relative pronoun and relative adverb correctly预习案Previewing CaseRead the following sentences and find out the restrictive attributive clauses.1.He laughs best who laughs last.2.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.3.He that gains time gains all things.4.All is well that end is well.5.Gods helps those who help themselves.探究案Exploring Case一、定语及定语从句概念定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。

单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.a blue seaa handsome boyThe boy who wears glasses is Harry Porter .二、定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.3.as引导的定语从句可前移As you all know, the earth is round.三、含定语从句的复合句句子结构解析Harry Porter is a boy（who has magic power）.This is the city （where I was born）.关系词的作用: 1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。

（1）关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=of which 或of whom5.as（既指可指人，也可指物，常用于the same/such/as...as...固定结构中）（2）关系副词(作状语) :1.where=介词+ which2.when=介词+ which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法the way he lives/that he lives/in which he lives.四、各关系词用法解析（1）关系代词1. who 指人, 作定从的主语/宾语, 作宾语可省略The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A.whoB. whichC. whereD. When2.whom 指人, 作定从的宾语, 可省略The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.A.whomB. /C. whichD. When3. which 指物, 作定从的主语或宾语, 作宾语可省略Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.A.whichB. whoC. /D. Where4.that 指物或人, 作定从的主语或宾语, 作宾语可省略It's about a big shark____ attacks swimmers ___ are spending their holidays in a small village.A.whereB. whoC. thatD. whichE./5.whose 指物或人, 作定从的定语, 不可省略, 指代先行词=sb's/sth's注：whose＋n＝of which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whomSpielberg, _____ mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946.A.whoB. whichC. whoseD. ThatI once lived in a house ____ was broken.A. whose roofB. which roofC. of which the roofD. the roof of which译：她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。

Her parents don't want to marry their daughter to a man_________ is poor.（2）关系副词1.when 指时间,表"在...时间"=in/on...+which，作定从的时间状语，先行词为时间名词Do you know the date ___ Lincoln was born?A.whichB. on whichC. whenD. Where2.where 指地点，表示"在...地点"=in/on...+which，作定从的地点状语，先行词为地点名词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等地点概念的名词)The farm _____ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.A.whenB. whereC. whyD. on which3. why 指原因, 作定从的原因状语, 在从句中表示"因为...原因"=for which, 先行词为reasonI don't know the reason ____ he looks unhappy.A.thatB. whyC. for whichD. /注意：不是所有的先行词为reason时，定从关系词选whyI disapprove the reasons ____ he came up with.A.thatB. whyC. for whichD. /4. 以way为先行词的定语从句问题1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in which且可以略。

2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或whichI don't like the way ____ he talked to his mother.I don't like the way ____ he chose to do it.A.thatB. in whichC. /D. How五、定语从句使用中的特殊情况（1）只能用that的情况：1. 先行词既有物又有人时。

He spoke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad.2. 先行词是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代词时。

Is there anything that I can do for you?3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,the very,the only,the just修饰时。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.（2）不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。

eg：I heard of the man, about whom he talked.2. 非限制性定语从句。

eg: She was late again, which made me unhappy.（3）介词＋关系代词的问题关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词I still remember the day when I came here. （on the day =on which=when）This is the house where I lived last year. （in the house=in which= where）There are many reasons why people like traveling. （for the reasons =for which=why）I don't like the way that you speak. （in the way =that=in which）注意：1. “介词+关系代词”(介词提前) 指人用whom, 指物用which2.介词选用的原则与从句中的谓语动词的搭配Is this the car for which you paid a high price?Have you finished the book on which you've been working?②与从句中的形容词的搭配The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.The only subject of which he is fond is maths.③与从句限定的先行词的搭配I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army.I'll never forget the year in which I went abroad.Where is the boy for whom you bought a camera?Where is the boy with whom you are working?Where is the boy by whom your son was saved?练一练用介词+关系代词结构填空1. Do you like the book she spent $10?2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book she often talks?5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______is the Yellow River.8. The tower _______ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.单选 1. On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _____a note was attached,_____ “We love you so much”.A.that, sayingB. to which, sayingC. to which, saidD. in which, said2. Alec asked the policeman _______he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom3. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .总结定语从句中，关系词的选用两步走：1.首先分析定语从句成分。