上海市松江区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)
松江区2014-2015学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟）2015.1第Ⅰ卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A（10分）Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 10:30 B. At10:50 C. At 11:00 D. At 11:202. A. Husband and wife B. Doctor and patientC. Manager and clerkD. Waitress and customers3. A. To India B. To Jane’s partyC. To the museumD. To a gallery4. A. The ring is not hers B. She doesn’t have gold ringsC. She prefers gold to silvers.D. She lost her silver ring5. A. They should give Sally some on-the-job trainingB. They should buy Sally a train ticketC. They shouldn’t take Sally into accountD. They shouldn’t ask Sally to get more qualification6. A. Occupation B. HobbyC. LiteratureD. Part-time job7. A. Check the number B. Try harderC. Wait for a signalD. Phone later8.A. The air is fresh B. It’s hot insideC. The window is openD. It’s noisy outside9. A. confused. B. SympatheticC. EmbarrassedD. Uninterested10. A. He lost his way B. He received a traffic ticketC. He worked very carefullyD. He drove in heavy trafficSection B （12分）Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To explain the campus architecture to visitorsB. To show new staff around the campusC. To make new students familiar with the campusD. To advise new students about which classes to take12. A. Registration formsB. A library cardC. A list of class schedulesD. A campus map13. A. Move into their dormitoriesB. Find their classroomsC. Memorizes campus landmarksD. Schedule their first examsQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To inform parents and schoolsB. To pick out good studentsC. To compare teachersD. To expose poor schools15.A. They have no trust in doctorsB. They cannot afford the medical feeC. They fear things like injectionsD. They doubt the medical treatment16. A. Teachers’ diffic ult lifeB. Harm of divorce of familiesC. Ways to become lovable kidsD. Kids’ attention-seeking behaviorSection C （8分）Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A（16分）(A)When I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I___25___ (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce (离婚) in the family.I'd lost ____26___ except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. One night ___27___ I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩) ____28___(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing __29____I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered if I ___30___ still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas (画布) in front of me. And(31)___ ____ _____ I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $1 500.The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano. We wake up every morning ___32___ the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.(B)Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. She lived ____33__ simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was___34___ (not publish) until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane’s naval brot her.Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person of a ___35___(low) social position. But she breaks off the engagement when_____36____(persuade) by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne’s family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.Jane Austen once compared her writing to ____37___(paint) on a little bit of ivory（象牙）, two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that ___38____ her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability____39___ ( apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. You can visit Jane Austen’s home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester, __40___ she died.Section B(10分)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are " Procedures or 41 that learners can use to facilitate a learning task. " And 42 students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming 43 , confident learners. Finally, students become more 44 as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who 45 on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems 46 , and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 47 to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the 48 judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental 49 with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to 50 new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AMany people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not 52 to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total 53 upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or 54 of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. 55 , since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary 56 of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to 57 up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be 58 only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we 59 this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings orsocial relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening 60 . Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain 61 results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply 62 to listen to what we don’t want to hear.It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的) In about a quarter of the patients I saw, 63 improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the 64 of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s 65 that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.51.A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong52.A. reluctant B. generous C. willing D. considerate53.A. dependence B. influence C. decision D. concentration54.A. setting aside B. getting over C. noting down D. sticking to55.A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. For instance56.A. abandonment B. acceptance C. forgetfulness D. absorption57.A. turn B. take C. make D. open58.A. performed B. accomplished C. accompanied D. experienced59.A. require B. produce C. lack D. motivate60.A. hopefully B. selectively C. thoroughly D. accurately61.A. desired B. unexpected C. required D. Approved62.A. hesitate B. decide C. refuse D. agree63.A. imposing B. surprising C. fortunate D. instinct64.A. roots B. reasons C. varieties D. features65. A. purpose B. sense C. conclusion D. responsibilitySection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The year was 1993 and the Detroit Tigers were playing the New York Yankees. When my son began dropping gentle hints that a game would take place at Tiger Stadium on Mother’s Day that y ear, I already knew who they were playing with! "Hey Mom, would you like to go to see the Tigers play the Yankees?" My senior high son asked with a playful look. I just smiled.There had been a lot of talk about a new stadium in place of the one that stood proudly on the corner of Michigan and Trumbull in Detroit. As I sat in the seating section, I wondered how the old place could actually become a thing of the past. It was so alive; the stadium was full of watchers and the excitement with two good ball teams, the smell of popcorn.The announcer recognized all Mother’s and each one received a gift which I still have today.Don Mattingly was a favorite ball player of our sons and he was one of the many players that made up the team that beat the Tig er’s that May Day. While we drank our favorite soft drink, we watched the guy with the number 23 shirt hit a home run during the game. The fans went wild. The Yankees won 11 to 2.Part of the excitement comes from a visit to the old ballpark . While the organ music played, everyone stood and sang Take Me Out To the Ballgame. It was part of the fun about a trip to the ballpark; and itdidn’t matter who you were cheering for.The last game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1999 against the Kansas City Royals. We had moved to South Carolina in 1997, but my son was working in Detroit. The old stadium is still standing; I guess they just didn’t have the heart to tear down a piece of history. What I didn’t realize at the time was that it would be the last game I would attend with our now grown son together.66.What caan we infer from the first paragraph?A.The writer was a fan of the ball game.B.The ball game took place on the May Day.C.Her son was one of the ball players.D.The Detroit Tigers would lose the game.67.What did the writer mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?A.People were all expecting a new stadium.B.The old stadium was really too crowded.C.More people were interested in the game.D.The writer liked the old stadium very much.68.According to the passage, Don Mattingly_______A.was the best player in the TigersB. belonged to the YankeesC was the writer’s favorite ball player D. wore the number 32 shirt in the game69. What happened to the Tiger Stadium after the game in 1999?A.It was torn down.B. It was used for other purposes.C.It was still used for the game. D, The music was often played there.(B)"Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive ... and the contract (合同) lasted for two years! I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch -- with a phone I can actually use."Affordable plans that I can understand -- and no contract to sign (签订)! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign — so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service isCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with itas I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.70. What made "I" finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grandkids.C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.71. On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about ________.A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99D. $19.9972. An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is ________.A. its discount price with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its "global-positioning" system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world73. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. tell a customer's story of JitterbugB. provide two ways to order JitterbugC. give a brief introduction of JitterbugD. attract potential customers to Jitterbug(C)Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辞的) companio n “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of bio-fuel available, and more may become available, but most bio-fuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Amer icans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies andhigher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.74. According to the passage, energy independence will make America__________.A. ensure international securityB. realize everyone’s dreamC. bring oil prices downD. sound very attractive75. What does the author think of bio-fuels?A. keep America’s economy running healthily.B. do not provide a sustainable energy supply.C. prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.D. can be produced in large quantity in a short time76. Why does American depend on oil imports a lot?A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B. It wants to keep its own environment undamagedC. Its own oil reserves are quickly being used up.D. Its own oil production falls short of demand.77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is_________.A. To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.B. To explain the increase of international oil trade.C. To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.D. To stress the importance of energy conservation.Section C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son’s soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit less tired?According to new research published in the Cochrane Library's Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16,000 people, researchers from the U.K.'s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules, for instance, when employee s can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a person’s overall health. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government implemented a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibility —as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved healthoutcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers —from high-ranking executives to hourly employees —is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. What did the new research published in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews find?_______________________________________________79. According to the passage, _______________________________________________ is the possiblereason for less workplace flexibility in the United States.80. According to the policy carried out by the British Government, what kind of parents can requestflexible work arrangements?_______________________________________________81. Additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers helps to_______________________________________________第Ⅱ卷（47分）Ⅰ. Translation (22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我给他发了一封电子邮件，祝贺他升职。
上海市各区2014--2015学年高三英语一模题型汇编--完形填空(可编辑修改word版)
2014-2015 学年高三英语一模汇编 --- 完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing is beyond the joy of discovering for yourself something that is a big 51 to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally or a sudden understanding, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal 52 are the "payoff" in education.A teacher may direct you to learning and even 53 you in it-but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That is 54 you.A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at 55 stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a 56 where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and 57 learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, which are basic to education. The research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to 58 a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is 59 just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing ( 综合), which forms the 60 of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovery, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a 61 satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an 62 number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disturbing. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is63 . But there is no need to approach paper assignment with 64 , and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. 65 , consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you find great pleasure in it.51.A. mistake B. deal C. plan D. challenge52.A. behaviours B. opportunities C. encounters D. entertainments53.A. encourage B. assess C. emphasize D. affect54. A. familiar to B. suitable for C. considerate of D. dependent on55. A. similar B. unbelievable C. flexible D. various56. A. outcome B. process C. achievement D. position57. A. ideal B. complicated C. competitive D. causal58. A. devote B. lead C. suit D. adopt59. A. no more than B. less than C. none other than D. more than60. A. evidence B. basis C. impression D. experience61. A. hardly B. skillfully C. thoroughly D. vividly62. A. assigned B. limited C. established D. fixed63.A. inspiring B. rewarding C. frightening D. threatening64.A. anxiety B. interest C. excitement D. embarrassment65.A. Furthermore B. Instead C. However D. Therefore51-65. DCADD BACDB CADABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different51 for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century.These 52 are evident before the visitor leaves his or her country.In 2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security(DHS)——a department of the federal government established by laws and regulations in late 2002, after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks——established a new series of security 53 for the international visitors holding non-U.S. passports or visas.54 when these visitors apply for a visa, the officer 55 them reviews their application and supporting papers and collects both digital fingerprints and a digital photograph.Recently, the waiting time for these interviews has been significantly 56 . According to Geoff Freeman, a senior vice president of public affairs of U.S. Travel, the trade organization for the U.S. travel industry, many prospective visa applicants now wait fewer than 30 days for an interview, 57 more than 100 days in the past.The Visa Waiter Program(VWP)—which 58 citizens from countries that meet various security and other requirements from obtaining a visa for visits to the United States of 90 days or fewer for business or pleasure— 59 36 countries such as Australia, Austria, Belgium and so on.A traveler from a country 60 in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is 61 to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.When an international traveler arrives in the United States, he or she must subject one of the two 62 to the U.S. Customs and Boarder Protection(CBP)officer: either a white Form I-94, if the traveler has a visa, or a green Form I-94W, if the traveler is a VWP participant. The CBP officer asks the traveler questions about his or her stay, scans the traveler’s fingerprints, and takes a digital photograph. 63 , VWP travelers, who are not required to obtain a visa, will soon need to pay a fee. The travelers keeps a portion of the I-94 or I-94W form after the CBP 64 and returns it to CBP upon departure from the United States.In 2007 Congress authorized the consumption of $40 million on a “Model Ports of Entry” program, designed to improve the 65 procedures of foreign travelers at the 20 U.S. airports with the highest number of international visitors. The program aims to improve staffing, queuemanagement, signage, and infrastructure at the top 20 U.S. international airports and to hire atleast 200 new CBP officers.51. A. experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion52. A. changes B. fluctuations C. fingerprints D. communications53. A. explanations B. registrations C. applications D. procedures54. A. Surprisingly B. Specifically C. Hopefully D. Occasionally55. A. inspecting B. instructing C. interviewing D. investigating56. A. reduced B. resolved C. reviewed D. released57. A. owing to B. compared to C. according to D. added up to58. A. protects B. stimulates C. promises D. relieves59. A. leads to B. applies to C. depends on D. makes up60. A. persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting61. A. accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable62. A. participants B. decisions C. documents D. photographs63. A. For instance B. As a result C. In addition D. On the contrary64. A. check B. project C. design D. proposal65. A. queue B. program C. arrival D. departure51-65 CADBC ABDBC BCCACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Leadership is a word getting a lot of attention these days. It appears in the title of new advice, how-to, and business books with amazing 51 . Definitions vary, but most of the ones I’ve seen don’t help much. It’s a totally 52 subject: You think A is a great leader; I like B’s53 better. That is, you may not be able to 54 it, but you know it when you see it.So this is my take on the elusive (难以捉摸的) concept:Years ago, leadership had 55 to do with a specific ability. “Leader” was the 56 given to the emperor of the organization. The person was the commander, the 57 with complete control. But 58 there is another way to establish yourself as a leader.Here is my definition: Leadership is the ability to get others to do what you want, need, or expect them to do, and feel good about doing it. It is the 59 part (feeling good about doing it) that is so elusive.If I am in charge, I can certainly demand you do what I expect you to do and insist you get it done. I can give orders. 60 , I am the boss, and everyone knows what that means. It is a sure way to destroy the atmosphere of the 61 .Today, I believe that approach is on the way 62 , although it will always be with us. When people hate the boss, sure, the boss is c alled “leader”—but not a good one, because the followers are an unhappy bunch. If they had another, 63 job to go to, they would be gonein a minute.Here is a list of the qualities I believe it 64 to be a good leader: 1. Likable; 2. Trustworthy; 3. Competent and experienced; 4. Part of the team; 5. Able and willing to participate; 6. Ready to 65 ; 7. Adaptable to change; 8. Eager to share credit.51.A. activity B. regularity C. reality D. sensitivity52.A. wrong B. unnecessary C. objective D. subjective53.A. system B. style C. sample D. speech54.A. define B. understand C. analyze D. summarize55.A. a lot B. something C. nothing D. everything56.A. rank B. type C. title D. honor57.A. authority B. candidate C. specialist D. assistant58.A. reasonably B. hopefully C. sadly D. fortunately59.A. first B. second C. former D. whole60.A. Above all B. After all C. For instance D. On the contrary61.A. friendship B. school C. company D. workplace62.A. over B. in C. along D. out63.A. money-saving B. highly-demanding C. decent-paying D. far-reaching64.A. endures B. takes C. minds D. describes65.A. please B. change C. listen D. follow51-65 BDBAC CADBB DDCBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made their money 51 , not by providing radio as a 52 but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio 53 into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a 54 and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The stations were 55 by people who made radios or 56 , by churches and universities that wanted to get their57 out but weren’t going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very 58 today about how this medium was going to 59 . And in the 20s, Radio Broadcast Magazine 60 a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: “Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?” The winner suggested a 61 on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that’s actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about 62 , and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was 63 that we should allow so great a possibility for service 64 by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was 65 radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that’s how radio developed as an advertising medium.51. A. briefly B. naturally C. basically D. eventually52. A. listener B. service C. broadcaster D. applicant53. A. developed B. extended C. made D. drove54. A. magazine B. platform C. stop D. station55. A. wanted B. made C. sponsored D. sold56. A. in some cases B. in return C. on the contrary D. on the whole57. A. way B. message C. profit D. opinion58. A. critical B. persuasive C. familiar D. great59. A. communicate B. broadcast C. emerge D. survive60. A. offered B. won C. missed D. abandoned61. A. reward B. tax C. fine D. rent62. A. broadcasting B. advertising C. chattering D. modeling63. A. essential B. inconvenient C. difficult D. unbelievable64. A. sent B. created C. drowned D. suggested65. A. regulating B. producing C. providing D. developing51-65 CBADC ABCDA BBDCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly 51 to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures 52 +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade ( 摄氏). There is no air, and no water.Today there are 53 scientific speculation ( 思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not 54 . But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary55 . These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and systems necessary to 56 life brought by the colonizers themselves. Finally, colonies that are ecologically and 57 self-supporting will be established.The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay 58 . They will have to bulid shelters to 59 an atmosphere like that of earth. They will have to plant crops under huge domes to produce food and 60 and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveriesimportant to science.The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it61 for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold, are an 62 . Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon.The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one. Geologists can explore the history and composition of the 63 . Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system. Astronomers(天文学家) can use their optical telescopes and radio telescopes 64 of atmospheric and man-made distortions. And perhaps at some distant date the moon can serve as a base from which space explorers can travel to other planets in the earth’s s olar system and to worlds 65 .51.A. superior B. essential C. equal D. fertile52.A. range B. restore C. sort D. rise53.A. sociable B. inevitable C. mysterious D. considerable54.A. determined B. occupied C. initiated D. resembled55.A. monuments B. shelters C. rockets D. houses56.A. sacrifice B. support C. spare D. risk57.A. economically B. sociably C. imaginarily D. enthusiastically58.A. active B. attractive C. alive D. ambitious59.A. mention B. motivate C. maintain D. monitor60.A. mineral B. oxygen C. protein D. medicine61.A. ideal B. complicated C. difficult D. expensive62.A. explanation B. excursion C. executive D. example63.A. earth B. star C. satellite D. planet64.A. full B. conscious C. lack D. free65.A. beyond B. highly C. else D. ahead51-65 CADAB BACCB ADCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Music produces profound and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the 51 that listening to Mozart’s Sonata(奏鸣曲) could boost mental functioning. It was not long 52 trademarked “Mozart effect” products began to appeal to anxious parents aiming to put toddlers (刚学步的孩子) on the fast track to prestigious universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgia’s governor even53giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.The 54 for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the55 study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years,56 , scientists have examined the benefits of a continuous effort to study and practice music,in contrast to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based“brain fitness” game 57 in a while.Advanced monitoring 58 have enabled scientists to see what happens inside your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music 59 can produce profound and lasting changes that 60 the general ability to learn. These results should 61 public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ready for being given up in the budget crises that constantly troubles public schools.Studies have shown that 62 instrument training from an early age can help the brain to63 sounds better, making it 64 to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically experienced are better able to 65 a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom or, a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate(下属). They can be engaged in several things at once, which is an essential skill in this era of multitasking.51. A. notice B. note C. idea D. impression52. A. that B. until C. since D. before53. A. proposed B. pushed C. submitted D. subjected54. A. witness B. evidence C. symptom D. context55. A. recent B. advanced C. original D. latest56. A. however B. moreover C. then D. therefore57. A. quite B. once C. often D. much58. A. management B. techniques C. information D. mechanics59. A. subjects B. models C. causes D. lessons60. A. enhance B. introduce C. ensure D. instruct61. A. convey B. convince C. communication D. conclude62. A. urgent B. casual C. diligent D. occasional63. A. proceed B. process C. prefer D. predict64. A. easier B. harder C. tougher D. faster65. A. count on B. concentrate on C. insist on D. depend on51-65CDABC ABBDA BCBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It is one of the most terrifying moments for any urban cyclists: the first time a huge, high-sided construction truck lumbers alongside, the driver 51 within their high cab （驾驶室）. Now a leading cycling group hopes it has 52 with a solution -- the cyclist-friendly lorry.The draft design, to be unveiled （揭幕）on Wednesday by the London Cycling Campaign, reduces the overall height of the lorry, 53 the driving position, and greatly 54 the side windows of the cab, stretching them as close to road level as possible. 55 drivers of the traditional lorry have to rely on 56 and sensors to spot cyclists or pedestrians close to the front offside of the vehicle, if they can detect them at all, the new design all but 57 this blind spot.It is undoubtedly a big 58 , especially in London, where lorries form about 5% of vehicle traffic 59 are responsible for about half of all cyclist deaths, with a large 60 of these involving construction lorries, often turning left into a cyclist. In 2011, of the 16 cyclist deaths in London, nine involved lorries, of which seven were construction vehicles.If elements of the London Cycling Campaign's design look familiar that is 61 they are already in use – many 62 rubbish lorries already feature low-silled glass doors, allowing the drivers to look out for both staff 63 bins and other pedestrians. This demonstrated how construction companies could change if they wanted to.A study 64 last month by Transport for London said construction trucks were disproportionately （ 不成比率地） involved in cyclist accidents and recommended 65 such as giving drivers delivering goods to building sites more realistic time slots to avoid them being tempted into recklessness.51. A. inaccessible 52. A. break away 53. A. totally 54. A. strengthens B. inconvenient B. put down B. especially B. extends C. invisible C. come up C. generally C. increase D. inexact D. get along D. probably D. improves 55. A. While B. Since C. However D. Before 56. A. windows B. drawers C. carriages D. mirrors 57. A. calculates B. disapproves C. implements D. eliminates 58. A. solution B. method C. issue D. highlight 59. A. so B. orC. butD. and 60. A. deal B. number C. amount D. burden 61. A. because B. until C. unless D. whether 62. A. realistic B. domestic C. academic D. traffic 63. A. participating B. associating C. assembling D. collecting 64. A. released B. reflected C. motivated D. hunted 65. A. differencesB. problemsC. factorsD. measures51-65. CCBBA DDCCB ABDADIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes.The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Drs. Dirk Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the 51 of a Special Issue of the journal Human Relations.They found that the 52 held assumption that positivity in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for53 . This is partly due to this assumption 54 to take into account the differences in work contexts which affect outcomes.For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and can be used as a force for good through acting upon injustices. In some 55 , anger can be considered a force for good if motivated by perceived violations(违背) of moral standards. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker 56 . In such cases, anger can be useful to 57 these acts of injustice repeating themselves in the future.Likewise, being too positive in the workplace, 58 resulting in greater well-being and greater productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and superficiality(肤浅).One article within the issue also finds that, within team situations, negativity can have a good effect, leading to less 59 and therefore greater discussion among workers which 60 team effectiveness.An interesting contradiction(矛盾) is identified in another study of the special issue. Here, people gain 61 from doing “good” in the context of helplines by providing support to people in times of emotional distress. 62 , they are negatively affected by their line of work due to people trying to avoid them in social situations.Lindebaum said, “The findings of the studies published in this Special Issue63 the widely held assumption that in the workplace positive emotions 64 a positive outcome, and vice verse. This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative emotions affect the 65 environment and has practical application and relevance in the workplace.”51.A. application B. topic C. cause D. objective52.A. basically B. logically C. commonly D. blindly53.A. reconsideration B. recommendation C. recognition D. reassurance54.A. stopping B. failing C. tending D. managing55.A. aspects B. companies C. cultures D. cases56.A. gently B. strangely C. irregularly D. unfairly57.A. prevent B. keep C. find D. have58.A. in spite of B. apart from C. instead of D. owing to59.A. agreement B. thinking C. production D. initiative60.A. determines B. enhances C. reduces D. influences61.A. independence B. knowledge C. satisfaction D. strength62.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However63.A. support B. challenge C. include D. confirm64.A. contribute to B. result from C. fit in with D. get over65.A. social B. surviving C. natural D. working51-65 BCABD DACAB CDBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she 51 information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is 52 to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to 53 exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. 54 , a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to 55 memory is to say that itis a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to 56 the pieces that make up our memory of that information.Memory can be 57 affected by a number of things. 58 nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent 59 to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it 60 to register information in the brain.When people talk about memory, they often 61 short-term memory and long-term memory.If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. 62 , you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which 63 information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that youdid not learn it well enough 64 . For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not 65 the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.51. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs52. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient53. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out54. A. After all B. Instead C. By contrast D. Besides55. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease56. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen57. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various59. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down62.A. Furthermore B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise63.A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores64.A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time65.A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond51-65 D C A B C DBADC ABDCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Gallup used to conduct a poll(投票) that asked students to name the school subject that they considered to be the most difficult. Not 51 , mathematics came out on top of the difficulty chart. So what is it about math that makes it difficult? defines the word “difficult” as “not easily or readily done; requiring much52 or planning to be performed successfully.” This definition gets to the point of the problem when it comes to math. What makes math difficult is that it takes patience and persistence. For many students, math is not something that comes 53 . It takes effort. It is a subject that sometimes requires students to devote lots and lots of time and 54 .This means, for many, the problem has little to do with brain power; it is mostly a matter of staying power. And since students don’t make their own timelines, they can 55 the time as the teacher moves on to the next topic.In fact, there is also an element of brain style in the big picture, according to many scientists. They believe that people are born with 56 math understanding skills. Logical, left-brain thinkers tend to understand things in sequential bits, while artistic, intuitive, right- brainers are more 57 . They take in a lot of information at one time and allow time to let it “sink in”. So left-brain students may grasp concepts 58 while right-brain students don’t. To the right brain student, time loss can make them feel confused and behind. Unfortunately in busy classrooms with too many students, students are not always 59 enough time. We have to move on, ready or not.Math know-how is also cumulative( 积累), which means it works much like a pile of building blocks. You have to gain enough 60 in one area before you can effectively go on to “build upon” another area. Our first mathematical building blocks are established in primary school, when we learn 61 for addition and multiplication, and those first concepts become our 62 . These mathematical concepts or knowledge has to sink in and become 63 before students can move on to challenge the next stage of new concepts. However, teachers don’t have time to ensure that every single student understands every single concept. So some students move to the next level with really shaky knowledge system. 64 , as they climb the ladder, they may meet with more and more difficulties and might 65 complete failure at some。
上海市各区2014-2015年高三英语一模试卷分类汇编---中英翻译-学生版(已经校对)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我从未想到我校篮球队会在决赛中败北。
(occur)2. 那只迷路的猴子得到了村民们的精心照顾。
(care)3. 他再也无法忍受没有被晋升为部门经理的事实。
(No longer)4. 就教师而言，没有什么比能看到学生取得进步更令人高兴的了。
(than)5. 尽管这项计划的初衷是为了提高人民的生活水平，但由于种种原因计划未能实施。
(intend)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 前天，许多物理学家出席了颁奖典礼。
(present)2. 选举结果出乎意料，这令大多数人颇为失望。
（which）3. 只有相关各方更多地关注青少年，他们才能形成正确的价值观。
（Only）4. 他从没想到保护水资源的文化和社会因素也被列入考虑范围。
（occur）5. 虽然大多数孩子喜欢吃快餐，但科学研究显示汉堡和匹萨缺乏身体健康和成长所必须的矿物质及维生素.(Although)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．老师让我们用熟悉的词替换新词。
(replace)2．有些家长从未意识到，做家务可以培养孩子的责任心。
(Never)3．如果有朝一日，学生能自主选择校服的款式，那该多棒啊！(How)4．鼓励市民买电动汽车，这从长远来看将有助于促进低碳经济。
(which)5．新近开发的智能手表功能如此强大，估计明年一经上市，必将热销。
松江区2015一模
79. 【参考答案】the economic slowdown 【思路解析】在文章第三段第六行，本题为 细节题，找到出处即可。
80. 【参考答案】 parents of children aged 16 and younger 【思路解析】在文章第三段第五行，需要注 意“孩子的年龄由原来的6岁及以下提升到16 岁以下。”
【考点】keep one’s promise; be regarded / be considered / be thought of as; be viewed as unreliable
4. It has never occurred to me that grandma who was ignorant of computer knowledge is fascinated by online shopping nowadays.
5. So busy was I drafting a job selecting report yesterday evening / last night that I missed the appointment with my friend, which made him feel disappointed.
17. handle 18. 6:30 19. enjoyable 20. relaxes 21. design ( his / their) office 22. mending system 23. within three weeks 24. 0734 21653
78. 【参考答案】 Flexible work environment has both physical and mental benefits. 【思路解析】根据文章第一段内容及第二 段第一句话，可知其发现“灵活的工作环境 对于身心都有好处”。本题需要在找到出处 的同时，根据字数限制进行相应概括。
上海市2015松江区中学考试英语一模试卷(含问题详解)
松江区2015年初三英语一模练习（四）（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）2015.1考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) Monday. B) Wednesday. C) Thursday. D) Friday.8. A) One. B) Two. C) Three. D) Four.9. A) Yellow. B) Black. C) Blue. D) Green.10. A) By train. B) By plane. C) By ship. D) By car.11. A) At home B) In the hospital. C) In the school. D) At the supermarket.12. A) $100. B) $150. C) $200. D) $250.13. A) He doesn't like dumplings. B) He has had enough food.C) He wants to have a cup of tea. D) He doesn't like coffee.14. A) He played football yesterday. B) He did his homework yesterday.C) He stayed in bed all night yesterday. D) He reviewed his lessons all night yesterday.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (7分)15. The book Quick Cooking is written for people who don't have much time.16. Every person will find his or her right way to cook in this book.17. Busy people should notice that all the recipes (烹饪法) in the book are easy to follow.18. There are complete meals which are planned only for beginners.19. From this passage we know there are other "quick books" for busy people.20. This passage is most probably about an introduction to cooking.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。
上海市松江区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)
松江区 2014-2015 学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分 150 分，完卷时间 120 分钟） 2015.1第Ⅰ卷 （103 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10 分）Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of eachconversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 10:30 B. At10:502. A. Husband and wifeC. Manager and clerk3. A. To IndiaC. To the museum4. A. The ring is not hersC. She prefers gold to silvers.5. A. They should give Sally some on-the-job trainingB. They should buy Sally a train ticketC. They shouldn't take Sally into accountD. They shouldn't ask Sally to get more qualificationSection B （12 分）Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To explain the campus architecture to visitorsB. To show new staff around the campusC. To make new students familiar with the campusD. To advise new students about which classes to take12. A. Registration formsB. A library cardC. At 11:00 B. Doctor and patientD. Waitress and customers B. To Jane's party D. To a gallery B. She doesn't have gold rings D. She lost her silver ring D. At 11:20 6. A. Occupation C. Literature7. A. Check the numberC. Wait for a signal8. A. The air is freshC. The window is open9. A. confused.C. Embarrassed10. A. He lost his way C. He worked very carefullyB. HobbyD. Part-time job B. Try harder D. Phone later B. It's hot inside D. It's noisy outside B. Sympathetic D. Uninterested B. He received a traffic ticketD. He drove in heavy trafficC. A list of class schedulesD. A campus map13. A. Move into their dormitoriesB.Find their classroomsC.Memorizes campus landmarksD. Schedule their first examsQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To inform parents and schoolsB.To pick out good studentsC.To compare teachersD.To expose poor schools15. A. They have no trust in doctorsB. They cannot afford the medical feeC.They fear things like injectionsD.They doubt the medical treatment16. A. Teachers' difficult lifeB. Harm of divorce of familiesC. Ways to become lovable kidsD.Kids' attention-seeking behaviorSection C （8 分）Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information youhave heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(16 分)(A)When I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I___25___ (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce (离婚) in the family.I'd lost ___ 26___ except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane ticketsfrom Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. One night ___27___ I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩) ____________ 28___(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing __29 ________ I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered if I ___30___ still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas (画布) in front of me. And(31)___ ______________ ____ I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $1 500.The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano. We wake up every morning ___32___ the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.(B)Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. She lived _______ 33__ simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was___34___ (not publish) until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane's naval brother.Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person of a ___35___(low) social position. But she breaks off the engagement when ______________________ 36 ____ (persuade) by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne's family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.Jane Austen once compared her writing to _____ 37___(paint) on a little bit of ivory(象牙), two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that ___38 ______ her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor her ability _____ 39___ ( apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath arestill there. You can visit Jane Austen's home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester, __40___ she died.Section B（10 分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are " Procedures or 41 that learners can use to facilitate a learning task. " And 42 students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming 43 , confident learners. Finally, students become more 44 as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who 45 on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems 46 , and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 47 to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the 48 judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental 49 with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to 50 new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AMany people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not 52 to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total 53 upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing'. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or 54 of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. 55 , since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary 56 of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to 57 up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be 58 only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we 59 this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings orsocial relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening 60 . Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain 61 results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply 62 to listen to what we don't want to hear.It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic( 有疗效的) In about a quarter of the patients I saw, 63 improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the 64 of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's 65 that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.Section B51. A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong52. A. reluctant B. generous C. willing D. considerate53. A. dependence B. influence C. decision D. concentration54. A. setting aside B. getting over C. noting down D. sticking to55. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. For instance56. A. abandonment B. acceptance C. forgetfulness D. absorption57. A. turn B. take C. make D. open58. A. performed B. accomplished C. accompanied D. experienced59. A. require B. produce C. lack D. motivate60. A. hopefully B. selectively C. thoroughly D. accurately61. A. desired B. unexpected C. required D. Approved62. A. hesitate B. decide C. refuse D. agree63. A. imposing B. surprising C. fortunate D. instinct64. A. roots B. reasons C. varieties D. features65. A. purpose B. sense C. conclusion D. responsibilityDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The year was 1993 and the Detroit Tigers were playing the New York Yankees. When my son began dropping gentle hints that a game would take place at Tiger Stadium on Mother's Day that year, I already knew who they were playing with! "Hey Mom, would you like to go to see the Tigers play the Yankees?" My senior high son asked with a playful look. I just smiled.There had been a lot of talk about a new stadium in place of the one that stood proudly on the corner of Michigan and Trumbull in Detroit. As I sat in the seating section, I wondered how the old place could actually become a thing of the past. It was so alive; the stadium was full of watchers and the excitement with two good ball teams, the smell of popcorn.The announcer recognized all Mother's and each one received a gift which I still have today.Don Mattingly was a favorite ball player of our sons and he was one of the many players that made up the team that beat the Tiger's that May Day. While we drank our favorite soft drink, we watched the guy with the number 23 shirt hit a home run during the game. The fans went wild. The Yankees won 11 to 2.Part of the excitement comes from a visit to the old ballpark . While the organ music played, everyone stood and sang Take Me Out To the Ballgame. It was part of the fun about a trip to the ballpark; and it didn't matter who you were cheering for.The last game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1999 against the Kansas City Royals. We had moved to SouthCarolina in 1997, but my son was working in Detroit. The old stadium is still standing; I guess they just didn't have the heart to tear down a piece of history. What I didn't realize at the time was that it would be the last game I would attend with our now grown son together.66.What caan we infer from the first paragraph?A.The writer was a fan of the ball game.B.The ball game took place on the May Day.C.Her son was one of the ball players.D.The Detroit Tigers would lose the game.67.What did the writer mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?A.People were all expecting a new stadium.B.The old stadium was really too crowded.C.More people were interested in the game.D.The writer liked the old stadium very much.68. _____________________________________ According to the passage, Don MattinglyA.was the best player in the TigersB. belonged to the YankeesC was the writer's favorite ball player D. wore the number 32 shirt in the game69.What happened to the Tiger Stadium after the game in 1999?A.It was torn down.B. It was used for other purposes.C.It was still used for the game. D, The music was often played there.（B）"Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive ... and the contract （合同） lasted for two years! I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch -- with a phone I can actually use."Affordable plans that I can understand -- and no contract to sign （签订）! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign — so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with itas I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.70.What made "I" finally think of getting a cell phone?A.Being stuck by the highway.B.Being urged by his grandkids.C.Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.D.Being attracted by the friendly return policy.71.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _________ .A.$3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99D. $19.9972.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _______ .A.its discount price with a free giftB.its reasonable rate plans without a contractC.its "global-positioning" system with 911 accessD.its good customer service all over the world73.The main purpose of the passage is to _______ .A. tell a customer's story of JitterbugB.provide two ways to order JitterbugC.give a brief introduction of JitterbugD.attract potential customers to Jitterbug（C）Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of bio-fuel available, and more may become available, but most bio-fuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don't read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.74.According to the passage, energy independence will make America___________ .A. ensure international securityB. realize everyone's dreamC.bring oil prices downD. sound very attractive75.What does the author think of bio-fuels?A. keep America's economy running healthily.B.do not provide a sustainable energy supply.C.prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.D.can be produced in large quantity in a short time76.Why does American depend on oil imports a lot?A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.It wants to keep its own environment undamagedC.Its own oil reserves are quickly being used up.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.77.The author's purpose in writing the passage is _________ .A. To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.B. To explain the increase of international oil trade.C.To justify America's dependence on oil imports.D.To stress the importance of energy conservation.Section C （8 分） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son's soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit less tired?According to new research published in the Cochrane Library's Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16,000 people, researchers from the U.K.'s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules, for instance, when employees can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a person's overall health. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government implemented a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibility —as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers — from high-ranking executives to hourly employees — is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78.What did the new research published in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews find?79.According to the passage, __________________________________________________ is the possiblereason for less workplace flexibility in the United States.80.According to the policy carried out by the British Government, what kind of parents can request flexiblework arrangements?81.Additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers helps to第Ⅱ卷（47分）Ⅰ. Translation （22 分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我给他发了一封电子邮件，祝贺他升职。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.目前，在网上购物的人越来越多，有人说在网上购物比在实体店购物优势多，有人说还是在实体店购物好。
请写一篇文章阐明你的观点。
你的文章必须包括：●简要介绍两种购物方式的不同之处●你喜欢那种购物方式？为什么？参考：Shopping online vs. shopping in physical storesAs scientific technologies developed faster and faster, our common lives have changed more and more, one of which is our shopping way.We have been shopping in physical stores, where a salesman may introduce many products to you and give you some advice about which one is the best choice, and you can try those clothes or shoes in person, even change another one if you find it not suitable to yourself.However, a new shopping method sprang up --- shopping online. There appear quantities of various stores on the Internet. You just need to click your mouse, and then you can see different kinds of commodities in them, with colorful pictures and detailed descriptions. If you are not clear about something, you can ask the customer service staff for help, who usually very kind and glad to answer your any question. Moreover, you can compare the same kind of products in different stores at the same time, which is able to save your time and avoid embarrassment.But every coin has two sides. Shopping online is not exceptional, so there are some disadvantages. First, you can never be sure whether the product is exactly what you see in the picture or read in the descriptions. What you receive may be much different from what is in your mind, for instance, strange color, wrong size or bad quality. Secondly, the products may be lost in the express delivery.From my perspective, I prefer shopping online, because I am too busy to have time go shopping in physical stores and goods online are usually cheaper. But I always choose the shops which have good reputation.【答案解析】文中包含题干的两个问题即可。
上海市黄浦区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)
Family-friendly facilities 33___________(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years, 34__________ more women are playing the game and men and women eir leisure time together.
There is no official ranking system to indicate which institutions are better than others, 28__________several unofficial rankings are listed by magazines and associations. However, educators urge caution in using a ranking table and emphasize that 29___________(good) choice for one student may be very different for another.
Children’s engagement with the game will increase. In China, golf is recognized as a game 35___________teaches children important life principles. Free golf training is offered to kinder-gartners and some parents are now prepared to spend up to 300,000 yuan a year on lessons for their children.
2015年上海市高三英语八校联考模拟卷及答案
2015年上海市高三英语八校联考模拟卷I. Listening Comprehension（略)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct。
For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Scotland is a unique place， full of history， where you can find noble palaces and castles， as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________（beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of a proud and splendid past。
In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled， it was difficult to farm. The Scots conquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms。
2015年上海市高三英语_八校联考模拟卷 2015.3
2015届高三英语八校联考模拟卷2015年3月II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Scotland is a unique place, full of history, where you can find noble palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________(beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of a proud and splendid past.In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots conquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms.The history of this ancient struggle, and its people’s ancient love affair with the hard land, 27__________(enclose) within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday necessities 28__________(display) here.From coastal Aberdeen in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there 29 __________(run) the Castle Trail, a road that touches on many fortresses, 30 __________ are witnesses of continual rebellions against the ruling of neighboring England in Scottish history.Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy(自治) is the 31_________ which was experienced inside this ancient church of Arbroath, 32__________, in 1320, the Declaration of Independence was celebrated at the encouragement of King Robert the Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has devoted the wonderful film “Brave Heart”, the winner of five Oscars.(B)Alice worked in the dry goods store from eight in the morning until six at night. 33_________ time passed and she became more and more lonely, she began to practice the devices common to lonely people. When at night she went upstairs into her own room， she knelt on the floor to pray and in her prayers 34_________ (whisper) things she wanted to say to her lover.The trick of saving money, begun for a purpose, was carried on after the scheme of going to the city 35_________(find) Ned Currie, had been given up. It became a fixed habit, and when she needed new clothes she did not get them. Sometimes on rainy afternoons in the store she got out her bank book and, 36_________ (let) it lie open before her, spent hours 37_________(dream) impossible dreams of saving money enough 38_________ _________ the interest would support both herself and her future husband.In the dry goods store weeks ran into months and months into years as Alice waited and dreamed of her lover's return. Her employer, a grey old man with false teeth and a thin grey mustache that drooped down over his mouth, was not given to conversation, and sometimes, on rainy days and in the winter 39_________ a storm raged in Main Street, long hours passed when no customers came in. Alice arranged and rearranged the stock. She stood near the front window where she could look down the deserted street and thought of the evenings when she had walked with Ned Currie and of 40_________ he had said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Are you a science fan? If so, which area interests you: physics, chemistry, or biology? Whichever area it is, science is all about finding answers and 41_______. Sure, we can read books and find out how many things work and learn equations or formulas to help us better understand the world around us. However, the information we 42 _______from books needs to be put into practice and then used in research to make further 43_______.The annual “Shanghai Future Science Stars” Contest was held recently, with a variety of entries in different fields, from physics to medicine, submitted(提交) by adolescent science enthusiasts from across the city. This year some notable submissions, ranging from a jumping robotic frog to the 44_______properties of titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) on hair against UV rays, 45_______the adolescent scientists’ innovations and research skills.In the past, China was a culture of creativity and innovation that contributed some major 46_______to the world, such as the printing press, paper, the compass and gunpowder. This contest is aimed at nurturing(培养) that creativity and 47_______people to put into practice what they’ve learnt from books.This nurturing needs to be started in school; science needs to be taught in a way that is fun and engages students’minds. Simply studying other people’s experiments and being told the results isn’t something that 48 _______a student’s imagination. If students are able to conduct some of the smaller experiments themselves, then maybe they will discover a passion for science they didn’t know they had before.The world is always 49_______. Today’s scientists and innovators won’t be around forever, so now is the time to find new talent. The next Einstein or Edison might be sitting next to you in class, or it could even be you and you just don’t know it. These competitions are aimed at giving people hands-on experience and the platform to show what they can do.Next time you’re in class, don’t just read and listen; try to think of ways what you are learning can be 50 _______to real-life situations. Look around! It’s an interesting world and maybe you can make it a little better to live in.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official or executive always takes 51_______ time to be polite and offer refreshments. No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this hospitality.The "conference visit" is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business 52_______ strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is 53_______ several times by people who come into the room unannounced, 54_______ or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and 55_______. Act 56_______ you do nothear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.Making decisions 57_______ is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness in doing business in the Middle East that 58_______ a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions. 59_______ is an important quality. You may have to wait two or three days to see high-level government officials as they are very busy. Give yourself enough time. Personal relationships are very important. They are the key to doing business in Arab countries. Try to 60_______ the decision-maker regarding your product service immediately and get to know him on a friend basis. Do your 61_______. Be prepared to discuss details of your product or proposal. Be ready to answer technical questions. Familiarize yourself with the Moslem and national holidays. 62_______ a visit during Ramadan, the Moslem month of fasting. Most Arab countries have six-day workweek form. Saturday through Thursday. When matched with the Monday to Friday practice in most Western countries, it leaves only three and a half workdays shared. Remember this in planning your appointments. Moslems do not eat pork. Some are strict about the religion’s prohibition against alcoholic beverages. If you are not sure, wait for your 63_______to suggest the proper thing to drink.When an Arab says yes, he may mean "64_______". When he says maybe, he probably means "no". You seldom get a direct "no" from an Arab because it is considered 65_______. Also, he does not want to close his options. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means, “if God is willing”. On the other hand, "yes" does not necessarily mean "yes". A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.51. A. extra B. little C. dinner D. no52. A. at the mention of B. in the presence of C. on behalf of D. with the help of53. A. honored B. hosted C. interrupted D. interpreted54. A. sneeze B. signal C. wave D. whisper55. A. cry B. leave C. smile D. stand56. A. as though B. if only C. even if D. so that57. A. carefully B. finally C. quickly D. unwillingly58. A. encourages B. greets C. puzzles D. welcomes59. A. Bravery B. Courage C. Diligence D. Patience60. A. admire B. identify C. respect D. thank61. A. experiment B. homework C. pray D. business62. A. Avoid B. Pay C. Reject D. Request63. A. boss B. friend C. host D. official64. A. yes B. no C. maybe D. inshallah65. A. direct B. formal C. hospitable D. impoliteSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Should parents send their freshmen off to campus armed with a debit or credit card to learn how to handle money? Or is it better to keep firm control through the Bank of Mom and Dad?The "correct" answer will vary by family and personal preference.The Credit Card Act that took effect 2.5 years ago made it much harder for anyone under 21 to get a card. Gone are the days of card issuers collecting plenty of new customers on campus by handing out free T-shirts or rewards points for spring break.Under-21s can still obtain a credit card if they have a qualified co-signer or proof of sufficient income to repay the debt. And card issuers still market aggressively to college students, targeting them with pre-screened mail offers. That makes parents, as the likeliest co-signers, more involved in the card-or-no-card decision.Robyn Kahn Federman of Rochester, N.Y., says there’s “no way” she’ll let either of her two daughters have a credit card at such a financially tender age. Her daughter Sarah, who’s 19 and about to start her second year of college, uses Robyn’s PayPal card instead. That lets her mom fund the balance and see how she spends her money.“I don’t think anything related to debt belongs in the hands of a college kid,”says Federman, communications director of a marketing agency. “The vast majority are not experienced enough with money or aware enough of the risks.”Some students, though, have shown they’re disciplined enough to have their own card on campus.Scott Gamm, 20, a junior at New York University's Stern School of Business, used his income from freelance(自由职业的) work and blogging to obtain a Visa card and then an American Express card. He charges $200 to $300 on them monthly and pays every bill in full.But he has friends who obtained three or four cards within a year and now have big debts.“The more credit you have access to, especially at that young age, the higher the probability you’ll use that card to finance fancy clothes, restaurants and entertainment.” says Gamm.66. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. People hold different opinions about their kids using credit cardsB. Credit cards are useful in helping deal with money matters.C. It is better to have Mom and Dad who now run a bank.D. The new Act made it impossible to get a credit card for freshmen.67. To obtain a credit card, an under-21 has to .A. own a credit card of his own previouslyB. have someone to repay the possible debtC. turn to their parents to get their permissionD. ask their parents to write the application letter68. We may infer from the case of Sarah that PayPal card .A. is a kind of credit cardB. funds the balance automaticallyC. has access to creditD. keeps records of money spent69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Credit Card ActB. Students and credit cardsC. Card issuers and studentsD. Parents and choice of cards(B)Dan Bilsker PhD (Lead Author)Dan is a clinical psychologist who works at Vancouver General Hospital and consults to a mental health research group at the University of British Columbia. Merv Gilbert PhDMerv is a clinicalpsychologist workingat British Columbia’sChildren’s Hospitaland in privatepracticein Vancouver.David Worling PhDDavid is a clinicalpsychologist workingin private practice inVancouver.E. Jane GarlandM.D., F.R.C.P.(C)Jane is a psychiatristwith a Mood/AnxietyDisorders Clinic whodoes research atthe University ofBritish Columbia onthe treatment ofmood problems.Dealing with Depression is based on the experience of the authors and on scientific research about which strategies work best in overcoming depression. Also, because strategies useful for adults may not be useful for adolescents, depressed and non-depressed teens helped in the development of this guide.Dealing with Depression is intended for:* teens with depressed mood* concerned adults who want to help a depressed teen* other teens who want to help a friend or family memberThis guide is meant to provide teens with accurate information about depression. It is not a psychological or medical treatment, and is not a replacement for treatment where this is needed. If expert assistance or treatment is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.Funding for this guide is provided by the Mental Health Evaluation & Community Consultation Unit (MHECCU) of The University of British Columbia through a grant by the Ministry of Children and Family Development, as part of the provincial Child and Youth Mental Health Plan.70. According to the passage, Dealing with Depression is targeted at .A. researches on depressionB. clinical psychologists giving treatmentC. adults with depressed moodD. people concerned with mood problems71. The four cartoon figures are .A. professionals at universitiesB. natives of British ColumbiaC. clinical psychologistsD. co-authors lead by Dan Bilsker72. What can we learn from the passage?A. Depressed teens provide accurate information about depression.B. Competent professionals will come to provide services if needed.C. Dealing with Depression receives government financial support.D. Dealing with Depression offers expert assistance and treatment.73. After reading this page, we can conclude that it is probably .A. an advertisement for medicineB. an introduction of a guidebookC. a cartoon about psychologistsD. an introduction of a health problem(C)Edgar Degas, J. M. W. Turner and other painters captured centuries of atmospheric records as they decorated canvases with sunset scenes.Greek scientists worked with an artist to confirm that the ratio of red to green in sunset painting, both old and new, increased when particles filled the air, such as after major volcanic eruption(火山喷发) or dust storms. The atmospheric physicists also found a gradual shift in artistic sunset hues over centuries, possibly due to ever-increasing air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.An earlier study, led by atmospheric physicist Christos Zerefos of the Academy of Athens in Greece, discovered that the amount of red relative to green in sunset descriptions increased after eruptions, including Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Coseguina, Nicaragua in 1835 and Krakatau, Indonesia in 1883.Zerefos’ team analyzed 554 paintings created between 1550 and 1990. For up to three years after eruptions, sunsets reddened as sunlight bounced off dust and gas from the volcanoes. The latest study, also by Zerefos, used improved scanning and analysis techniques to confirm the earlier results.A modern painter, Panayiotis Tetsis, unknowingly repeated the artistic atmospheric observations of classical masters. In the artists’ description of sunsets light over the Greek island of Hydra, the color ratio shifted towards red in paintings done both before (June 19, 2010) and after (June 20, 2010) a dust cloud from Sahara Desert filtered the sunset’s light.Zerefos’team connected the timing of classical paintings’red shift to other records of the atmosphere trapped in ice cores from Greenland, in the recent study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The ice cores recorded spikes(尖刺) in sulfur-containing chemicals likely from volcanoes. These spikes corresponded in time to artists’ increasingly dark red sunsets.The comparison of ice and art also revealed a slow shift in the coloring of the sunset. As the factories of Europe roared into production in the 19th and early 20th century, painting described a steady increase in the red to green ratio. The ice cores recorded a steady rise in airborne particles from industrial pollution during the same time.74. The underlined word “hues” in the second paragraph probably means .A. anglesB. colorsC. locationsD. times75. What do we know about Zerefos’ research from the passage?A. Both modern and ancient artists describing sunset are involved in the research.B. It confirmed an obvious increase in the ratio of green to red in sunset paintings.C. The shift from green to red also existed in the records of ice cores trapped items.D. The team used traditional techniques to confirm the earlier results of the research.76. How did Zerefos’ team confirm that atmospheric records kept by painters were reliable?A. By analyzing classical paintingsB. By connecting time to colorC. By comparing art with iceD. By working with an artist77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. A modern research of ancient art and ice with pollution.B. Art Masterpiece and pollutants trapped in ice cores.C. An increase in the ratio of red to green in paintingsD. Art Masterpiece Recorded Centuries of Pollution.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Six thousand years ago, farmers in Mesopotamia dug a ditch to bring water from the Euphrates River. With that successful effort to satisfy their thirsty crops, they went on to form the world’s first irrigation(灌溉)-based civilization. Sumerian farmers harvested plentiful crops for some 2,000 years thanks to the extra water brought in from the river, but the soil, when water evaporates(蒸发), was eventually reduced to salinization, the poisonous buildup of salts and other substances left behind.Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than did in ancient Sumeria. About 40 percent of the world’s food now grows in irrigated soils, which make up 18 percent of global cropland. Farmers who irrigate can typically get in two or three harvests every year and get higher crop yields. As a result. the spread of irrigation has a key factor behind the great increase in global grain production since 1950. Done correctly, irrigation will continue to play a leading role in feeding the world, but as history shows, dependence on irrigated agriculture also brings about significant risks.Fortunately, a great deal of room exists for improving the productivity of water used in agriculture. A first line of attack is to increase irrigation efficiency. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows(犁沟), relying on gravity move the water across the land. The plants absorb only a small fraction of the water; the rest drains into rivers or evaporates. In many locations this practice not only wastes and pollutes water but also degrades the land through water logging and salinization. More efficient and environmentally sound technologies exist that could reduce water demand on farms by up to 50 percent.Drip systems rank high among irrigation technologies with significant untapped potential. Unlike flooding techniques, drip systems enable farmers to deliver water directly to the plants’roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste. Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the US have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods. Sprinklers can perform almost as well as drip methods when they are designed properly. Traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible. The problem is that the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. In contrast, new low-energy sprinklers deliver water in small doses through nozzles(喷嘴) placed just above the ground. Numerous farmers in Texas who have fixed such sprinklers have found that their plants absorb 90 to 95 percent of the water that leaves the sprinkler nozzles.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The ancient irrigation-based civilization in Mesopotamia brought about both .79. The underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refers to farmers’ efforts to to irrigate their crops.80. The two examples listed in the passage as efficient ways of irrigation are .81. We may infer from the passage that irrigation has already , though its potential risks do exist.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们通常需要一个星期才能从流感中恢复健康。
2015年上海松江区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2015年上海松江区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第1题AWhen I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everythingI1 (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce (离婚) in the family.I'd lost2 except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. Onenight 3I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩)4(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and begandoing 5I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered ifI 6 still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas (画布) in front of me.And7 I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $1 500.The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano. We wake up every morning 8 the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.2、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第2题BJane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. Shelived 1simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was2 (not publish) until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane’s naval brother.Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person ofa 3(low) social position. But she breaks off the engagementwhen4(persuade) by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne’s family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.Jane Austen once compared her writing to5(paint) on a little bit of ivory （象牙）, two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that6her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor herability7( apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. You can visit Jane Austen’s home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester,8 she died.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第3题How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are " Proceduresor 1that learners can use to facilitate a learning task. "And2students of English in learning strategies can help them become betterlearners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students inbecoming3, confident learners. Finally, students becomemore4as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who5on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems6, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 7to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the8judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental9with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to10new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.A. exploreB. instructingC. reflectD. encounteredE. independentF. motivatedG. accustomedH. orderingI. techniquesJ. processesK. unique三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第4题Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the1one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not2to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total3upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as "bracketing". Bracketing includes the temporary giving upor4of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes.5, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary6of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to7up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be8only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we9this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening10. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain11results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply12to listen to what we don't want to hear.It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic（有疗效的） In about a quarter of the patients Isaw,13improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the14of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's15that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrongA. reluctantB. generousC. willingD. considerateA. dependenceB. influenceC. decisionD. concentrationA. setting asideB. getting overC. noting downD. sticking toA. ThereforeB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. For instanceA. abandonmentB. acceptanceC. forgetfulnessD. absorptionA. turnB. takeC. makeD. openA. performedB. accomplishedC. accompaniedD. experiencedA. requireB. produceC. lackD. motivateA. hopefullyB. selectivelyC. thoroughlyD. accuratelyA. desiredB. unexpectedC. requiredD. approvedA. hesitateB. decideC. refuseD. agreeA. imposingB. surprisingC. fortunateD. instinctA. rootsB. reasonsC. varietiesD. featuresA. purposeB. senseC. conclusionD. responsibility四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（A篇）第5题The year was 1993 and the Detroit Tigers were playing the New York Yankees. When my son began dropping gentle hints that a game would take place at Tiger Stadium on Mother's Day that year, I already knew who they were playing with! "Hey Mom, would you like to go to see the Tigers play the Yankees? " My senior high son asked with a playful look. I just smiled.There had been a lot of talk about a new stadium in place of the one that stood proudly on the corner of Michigan and Trumbull in Detroit. As I sat in the seating section, I wondered how the old place could actually become a thing of the past. It was so alive; the stadium was full of watchers and the excitement with two good ball teams, the smell of popcorn.The announcer recognized all Mother's and each one received a gift which I still have today.Don Mattingly was a favorite ball player of our sons and he was one of the many players that made up the team that beat the Tiger's that May Day. While we drank our favorite soft drink, we watched the guy with the number 23 shirt hit a home run during the game. The fans went wild. The Yankees won 11 to 2.Part of the excitement comes from a visit to the old ballpark. While the organ music played, everyone stood and sang Take Me Out To the Ballgame. It was part of the fun about a trip to the ballpark; and it didn't matter who you were cheering for.The last game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1999 against the Kansas City Royals. We had moved to South Carolina in 1997, but my son was working in Detroit. The old stadium is still standing; I guess they just didn't have the heart to tear down a piece of history. What I didn't realize at the time was that it would be the last game I would attend with our now grown son together.(1) What caan we infer from the first paragraph?A. The writer was a fan of the ball game.B. The ball game took place on the May Day.C. Her son was one of the ball players.D. The Detroit Tigers would lose the game.(2) What did the writer mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?A. People were all expecting a new stadium.B. The old stadium was really too crowded.C. More people were interested in the game.D. The writer liked the old stadium very much.(3) According to the passage, Don Mattingly .A. was the best player in the TigersB. belonged to the YankeesC. was the writer’s favorite ball playerD. wore the number 32 shirt in the game(4) What happened to the Tiger Stadium after the game in 1999?A. It was torn down.B. It was used for other purposes.C. It was still used for the game.D. The music was often played there.6、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（B篇）第6题"Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive … and the contract （合同） lasted fortwo years! I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch—with a phone I can actually use."Affordable plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign （签订）! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.(1) What made "I" finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grandkids.C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.(2) On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about .A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99D. $19.99(3) An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is .A. its discount price with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its "global-positioning" system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world(4) The main purpose of the passage is to .A. tell a customer's story of JitterbugB. provide two ways to order JitterbugC. give a brief introduction of JitterbugD. attract potential customers to Jitterbug7、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（C篇）第7题Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession."Energy independence" and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion "energy security" are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of bio-fuel available, and more may become available, but most bio-fuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.(1) According to the passage, energy independence will make America.A. ensure international securityB. realize everyone's dreamC. bring oil prices downD. sound very attractive(2) What does the author think of bio-fuels?A. keep America's economy running healthily.B. do not provide a sustainable energy supply.C. prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.D. can be produced in large quantity in a short time(3) Why does American depend on oil imports a lot?A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B. It wants to keep its own environment undamagedC. Its own oil reserves are quickly being used up.D. Its own oil production falls short of demand.(4) The author's purpose in writing the passage is.A. To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.B. To explain the increase of international oil trade.C. To justify America's dependence on oil imports.D. To stress the importance of energy conservation.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第8题Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son's soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit less tired?According to new research published in the Cochrane Library's Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16, 000 people, researchers from the U.K.'s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules, for instance, when employees can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a person's overall health. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government implemented a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibility—as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers—from high-ranking managers to hourly employees—is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.(1) What did the new research published in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews find?(2) According to the passage,is the possible reason for less workplace flexibility in the United States.(3) According to the policy carried out by the British Government, what kind of parents can request flexible work arrangements?(4) Additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers helpsto.六、翻译句子9、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第9题翻译(1) 我给他发了一封电子邮件，祝贺他升职。