谈英语中的重复_REPETITION_现象[1]
石油大学学报(社会科学版)1998年第1期 谈英语中的重复(R EPET IT I ON)现象王华琴重复(R epetiti on),一般来说可分为两种情形:一种是指无意的或不必要的重复(U nintented o r unnecessary repetiti on),这就是所谓的赘述(T auto logy)。
如,H e sat alone(by h iself).这是一种语法错误,是语言交际中的一忌。
另一种重复是有意的重复(R eiterati on),可用来表现强烈的感情、紧迫的呼吁、强调某种事物的意义,并且可以形成优美的节奏等,它包括关键词的重复和相同语法结构的重复,是一种修辞手法。
如,You are quite w rong——she does like you.(你大错特错了——她的确喜欢你!) 在英语教学中我们常常遇到重复现象,如何区分和把握赘述与修辞重复对初、中级英语学习者有一定的难度。
因此,针对英语教学过程中出现的问题,我们有必要对常见的赘述现象以及常见的重复修辞形式加以总结和归纳。
一、赘述赘述(T auto logy)是一种无谓的重复(needless repetiti on),赘言。
常见的赘述现象有两种形式,一种是词语的词义重复或含有多余的词(R edundancy),一种是语法结构上含有多余的成份。
11常见的词义重复的例子由于初、中级英语学习者对英语的词汇内涵及外延了解不够,或将汉语的思维习惯“强加给”英语,在翻译过程中常常犯词义重复的错误。
例如:return back,repeat again.R eturn本身就含有“回来”的意思,故再用back就属多余,而repeat本身已具有“again”的含义,故again实属累赘,应予删除。
我们把常见的词义重复的例子归纳如下:renew(again),revive(again),equally(as),repay(back),fo llow(beh ind),advance (fo r w ard),(sufficient)enough,(new)innovati on,the(o ther)alternative,assem ble(together),co llect (together),blend(together),gather(together),j o in(together),link(together),m eet(together),m ix (together),unite(together),(m utual)cooperati on,(mo re)perfect,(mo re)unique,(mo re)p referable等等。
21语法结构上的多余成份相对于词义重复而言,语法结构上的赘述是较容易识别的,然而对有些习惯用法,若使用不当仍然容易产生多余成份。
(1)主语赘述。
主语中含有一个“类似”主语的成份,它既不增加主语的感情色彩,也没有其语法地位。
例如:Geo rge,w ho is a careless pup il,(he)lo st h is book.(乔治是个粗心的学生,他把自己的书丢了。
) T he m an having finished h is w o rk(he)received h is pay.(干完活,那人得到了报酬。
)(2)宾语赘述。
宾语中含有一个“类似”宾语的成份,它既不增加宾语的感情色彩,也没有其语法地位。
例如:T he book w h ich I lo st(it)w as new.(我丢的那本书是新书。
)(T he docto r I know h i m very w ell.)I know the docto r very w ell.(我很了解那位医生。
)(3)比较级赘述。
句子中含有多余的比较副词。
例如:H e is(mo re)stronger than Geo rge.(他比乔治更强壮。
)(4)不定式符号“to”成为多余。
在某些习惯用法中是不允许带不定式符号的,若加上“to”就会画蛇添足。
例如:I’d rather(to)go alone.(我情愿独自一人走。
)How dare you(to)call m e a liar?(你胆敢说我撒谎!)D id you feel the earth(to)move?(你感觉地震了么?)R ather than(to)w ait anymo re,I decided to go hom e by taxi.(我不愿再等下去,决定坐出租车回家。
)L ast nigh t I did no th ing but(to)w atch TV.(昨晚上,除了看电视我啥也没干。
)(5)多余介词情形。
由于英语中的介词用法非常灵活,初、中级英语爱好者掌握起来有一定的难度,随意增加介词是初级英语学习者常犯的一种错误。
例如:ask(to)sb.,attack(against),comp rise(of),enter (into),leave(from),obey(to),per m it(to),reach(to),resem ble(to),tell(to),beh ind(of).(6)多余冠词情形。
英语中冠词的用法分三种:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词,特别地,零冠词的用法有时是约定俗成,如果不注意就会犯语法错误。
例如:fo r(the)breakfast(准备早饭),(the)ar m in(the)ar m(搀着胳膊),(the)Jo in’s coat(约翰的上衣),w atch(the)televisi on(看电视),p lay(the)foo tball(踢足球), (the)A frica(非洲),H e w as m ade(the)cap tain of the team.(他被任命为这个队的队长。
)二、修辞上的重复形式为了达到一定的效果,我们需要有意的重复。
我们也将之分为两种形式:一种是单词或短语词义重复修辞手法,一种是语法结构上的重复修辞手法。
11单词或短语词义重复修辞手法为了表示强调,常常采用一词义重复的词放在一起来达到预期的效果。
(1)增加助动词。
例如:She does like you.(她的确喜欢你。
)(2)副词、形容词的反复强调。
例如:You bad,bad boy!(你这个坏小子!)H e has been a blind,blind foo l.(他一直是个十足的傻瓜。
)(3)使用代词强调。
例如:T he house itself is beautiful, but the surroudings are rather unp leasant.(房子本身是漂亮的,但是环境使人感觉不愉快。
)I’d like to have m y ow n car.(我很想自己有辆车。
) 为表示强烈的感情或形成优美的节奏而采用反复的修辞手法。
例如: A cro ss the w indow pane it pours and pours.(大雨敲打着玻璃,下了又下。
)W e have but one ai m and one single,irrevocable purpo se.(我们只有一个目的,一个唯一的、不可改变的目的。
)21利用语法结构的反复修辞手法(1)使用尾句是一种反复的手段。
例如:H e’s a funy chap,he is.(他是个古怪的家伙,真的。
)She’s a nice girl,is M ary.(她可是个好姑娘,这个玛丽。
)(2)把句子的某个部分移到句首。
例如:T he fil m,w hat did you th ink of it?(那个电影,你觉得怎么样?)(3)疑问句是要求对方确认或赞同。
例如:W e are late,arn’t w e?(我们迟到了,不是吗?)So you don’t like m y cook ing,don’t you?(那么你不喜欢吃我做的饭,是不是?)后一句为“同向”疑问句。
(4)为表示一种强烈的情感而采用重申句子主要成份的手法。
例如:It’s their w ealth and security that m akes everyth ing po ssible;m akes your art po ssible;m akes literature,science,even religi on po ssible.(是他们的财富和保护使得一切可能存在,使得你的艺术可能存在,使得文学、科学、甚至宗教可能存在。
)(5)采用双重所有格表示某种感情色彩。
例如:T he i m po rtant theo ry of E instein’s caused a sensati on th roughout the w o rld.(爱因斯坦的这一重要理论轰动了全世界。
)T h is is no fault of yours.(这决不是你的错误。
)最后我们指出,赘述与修辞重复并不是决然可分的,它与语言环境有着密切的关系。
所以是赘述还是修辞重复一定要根据上下文或充分的语境去判断。
参考文献1.M ichael Sw an:P ractica l E ng lish U sag e,O xfo rd U niversity P ress,1980.2.B.A.Phyth ian:A Concise D ictiona ry of Correct E ng lish,Bulter&T anner Co rp.P ress,1982.31余立三:《英汉修辞比较与翻译》,商务印书馆1985年版。
(作者单位:石油大学)责任编辑 苏 冀。
英语作文英语学习通过重复
英语作文英语学习通过重复英文回答：English Learning Through Repetition.Repetition is an essential aspect of learning any language, including English. Through repetition, learners can reinforce their understanding of grammar rules, expand their vocabulary, and improve their overall language proficiency. Repetition allows learners to internalize the language and develop fluency in speaking and writing. It helps in building confidence and reducing errors in communication.For instance, when learning new vocabulary words, repetition is crucial. By repeatedly using and reviewing these words in different contexts, learners can solidify their understanding and memory of the words. This can be done through various activities such as flashcards, word games, and sentence formation exercises. The repetition ofthese activities helps learners to retain the new words and use them accurately in their own conversations and writing.Similarly, repetition plays a significant role in mastering grammar rules. By practicing grammar exercises repeatedly, learners can internalize the rules and apply them correctly in their speech and writing. For example, when learning verb tenses, learners can repeatedly practice conjugating verbs in different tenses and using them in sentences. Through this repetition, learners can develop a natural understanding of verb tenses and use them accurately without much effort.Moreover, repetition aids in improving pronunciation and intonation. By repeatedly listening to and imitating native speakers, learners can develop a more authentic and natural accent. Through repetition, learners can traintheir vocal muscles to produce the correct sounds and intonation patterns of the English language. This is particularly important in developing effective communication skills and being understood by native speakers.In addition, repetition helps learners to recognize and understand common idioms and expressions used in English. By repeatedly encountering and using these idioms in different contexts, learners can grasp their meanings and usage. For example, the idiom "break a leg" means "good luck" in English. By repeatedly encountering this idiom and understanding its context, learners can use itappropriately in conversations and understand itsfigurative meaning.To summarize, repetition is a fundamental aspect of English learning. It helps learners reinforce their understanding of grammar rules, expand their vocabulary, improve pronunciation, and develop fluency. Through repetition, learners can internalize the language and useit naturally in their communication. Therefore, incorporating repetition into language learning activities is essential for effective language acquisition.中文回答：通过重复学习英语。
常用翻译技巧——重复法
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重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition） 重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition） 重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition） 重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition） 重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition） 重复（Repetition）重复（Repetition）
这属于谓语动词的重复形成排比句。
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例2．It is customary(往往) for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school was.
成年人往往忘了当年上学的日子多艰苦，多乏味，
多漫长。
副词重复形成排比结构。
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A: 听说当年XXX是你的女神？
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汉语常使用重复修辞，形 成大量的平行对偶结构； 而英语则常设法减少重复。
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例1．May is open windows and lilac(丁香) perfume
on the breeze and bees humming at tulips(郁金香).
五月是敞开的窗户，是微风送来的丁香的芬芳，是郁 金香丛中蜜蜂嗡嗡的欢唱。
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B：她长得又好，人又好，又聪明，谁 会不喜欢？
She is so pretty, so nice and so smart.
后面两个so要好还是不要好？
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See the pretty girl in that mirror there: Who can that attractive girl be? Such a pretty face, Such a pretty dress, Such a pretty smile, Such a pretty me!
小学英语 英美文化小贴士 英语广告词句修辞特点 重复素材
英语广告词句修辞特点:重复（Repetition）
重复的基本用法是连续或间隔地使用同一个单词、短语或句子，带有强烈的说话人主体投射的色彩，突出强调，增加节奏感，很适合用在广告中。
(21）Or you can kill the roots With Roundup。
And Those weeds won’t be back.
NO ROOT。
NO WEED.
NO PROBLEM.（Roundup）（但是你可以使用朗德除草剂，杂草一去不复返，除草,除根，也除烦恼。
——朗德除草剂)（广告及译文转自吴克明，1999)
广告语的编排为诗歌的形式，否定词no 的反复运用,突出产品功效，加强了语势,读起来朗朗上口，增添了旋律美，加强节奏感。
（22）The world is full of good—looking women。
But some really stop you.
They’ve got a certain glow that seems to come from within.
MAYBE SHE'S BORN WITH IT。
MAYBE IT’S MAYBELLINE。
（Maybelline）（这个世界充满了漂亮的女人。
但只有少数真正让你驻步。
她们似乎拥有来自体内的某种光彩。
也许她天生丽质。
也许是因为美宝莲）(广告及译文转
自吴克明，1999)
Maybelline 美宝莲是一化妆品商标，广告设计者巧妙地将maybe重复使用，暗合其商标Maybelline,充分利用商标名称,不失时机地变相重复，加强语气，承上启下，给人以丰富的联想,极富鼓动性的表达效果。
英语学习的方法之重复原则
英语学习的方法之重复原则英语有句谚语"Repetition is the mother of skills（重复是技能之母）"。
你可以回忆一下你学习任何一种技能的过程。
无论是游泳还是骑自行车，都是重复同一类动作的过程。
任何技能的获得，当然包括英语这项语言技能，均来自重复。
一种事情重复多了，便产生了感觉和深刻的把握。
因此，在发展英语技能时，也应该遵循重复原则。
比如，在阅读时，当你读过20本初级读物后，就要在这20本中找出一本自己最感兴趣的来读10遍甚至20遍。
同样的，当你读过20本中级水平的英语读物后，就应该在这20本中找出一本自己最感兴趣的来读10遍甚至20遍。
学习听力和口语也要遵守重复原则。
比如说，在听了20盘初级英语听力磁带后，就要在这20盘已听过的磁带中选出一盘，再把这盘磁带听上20遍。
在刚开始学习英语口语时，重复原则就更为重要。
因为，刚学习英语口语，背诵一些英语后，就找同伴来练，反复重复已学内容。
"重复原则"与"量的原则"缺一不可，要有机地把两者统一起来。
学习英语中的任一项技能：阅读、听力、口语、写作，都必须在量的原则的基础上，再反复重复。
英语中一定有一些你理解的很透并且已经掌握了的单词或句型，你可以灵活自如地使用它们来交际。
请注意，这些熟练掌握了的词和句型一定是你重复过无数遍的，这些被重复的东西已经变成了你的一部分，因此你能把它们运用自如了。
重复是人记忆的最重要途径，重复使人准确、深刻理解事物本质、内在规律。
量的原则要求你多读多听，多说多写，强调一个"泛"字。
而重复原则要求你将同一件事做很多遍，也就是强调一个"精"字。
如此看来两者相互矛盾。
但是矛盾是必然存在的。
我想世界上最好的东西一定是矛盾的。
因为只有两个矛盾体，才能产生最大的动力使主体前进。
好的英语学习方法也应力求矛盾的统一。
既要有数量的积累，把面铺开，又要同时将一本阅读书、口语书、一盘磁带、一部电影学透彻。
英语作文重复累赘英文
英语作文重复累赘英文英文：When it comes to the issue of repetitive and redundant language in English writing, I believe it is a common problem that many writers face. In my opinion, this issue can be caused by a lack of vocabulary, a lack of clarity in one's thoughts, or simply a lack of editing.One way to avoid repetitive language is to expand one's vocabulary. This can be done by reading more and actively seeking out new words to use in one's writing. Another way is to take a step back and clarify one's thoughts before writing. This can help to avoid repeating the same ideas or phrases over and over again. Lastly, editing is crucial to eliminating repetitive language. By reviewing one's writing and looking for areas where language can be improved or changed, one can eliminate unnecessary repetition.中文：说到英语写作中的重复和累赘语言问题，我认为这是很多作家面临的常见问题。
通过重复学习英语的作文
通过重复学习英语的作文英文回答：Studying English through repetition is a great way to improve language skills. Repetition helps to reinforce vocabulary, grammar rules, and sentence structures in our minds. When we repeatedly see and hear English words and phrases, our brains become more familiar with them, making it easier for us to recall and use them in conversations or writing.For example, when I was learning English, I used to watch the same English movies or TV shows over and over again. By doing this, I not only improved my listening skills but also expanded my vocabulary and learned how native speakers use idiomatic expressions in everyday conversations. Repetition allowed me to pick up on the nuances of the language and become more fluent in speaking and writing.Moreover, practicing writing English essays repeatedly can also help to enhance language proficiency. By writing on various topics and receiving feedback from teachers or peers, we can identify our weaknesses and work on improving them. Repetition in writing allows us to experiment with different sentence structures and styles, leading to a more diverse and engaging writing style.Overall, repetition is key to mastering any language, including English. The more we practice and repeat, the more confident and proficient we become in using the language in different contexts.中文回答：通过重复学习英语是提高语言能力的好方法。
汉英翻译中的重复问题探究
汉英翻译中的重复问题探究付迎雪【摘要】Repetition was an important means of cohesion in Chinese which possesses plenty of reduplication words .This feature of Chi-nese is closely connected with the phonetic characteristics of the Chinese language and thinking patterns of the Chinese people .In con-trast, substitution serves as the main vehicle for cohesion in English and repetition is on the whole utilized for the purposes of empha -sis, clarity and rhetoric.Apart from"explicit repetitions", there are abundant implicit repetitions in Chinese .If this distinction is neg-lected, redundancy will appear in C-E translation, especially when the deep meaning of the Chinese source text is not considered thor-oughly, reducing readability of the translation .This article explores the differences and causes in the employment of repetition in Eng -lish and Chinese and suggests possible ways to deal with this difference in C -E translation.%重复在汉语中是一种重要的语篇衔接手段，除此之外汉语还有着丰富的叠词。
重复的名词形式
重复的名词形式“重复”的名词形式是“repetition”或“duplication”。
一、“repetition”1. 含义- 主要表示“重复；重做；重说；重做的事；重说的话”等意思。
例如：- The constant repetition of the same mistake is unacceptable.（不断重复同样的错误是不可接受的。
）- 在英语学习中，repetition是一种很重要的学习策略。
通过不断重复单词、短语、句子等，可以加深记忆。
比如在背单词的时候，多次repetition能够帮助我们更好地掌握单词的拼写、发音和词义。
2. 相关短语- in repetition：重复地。
例如：He read the passage in repetition to improve his pronunciation.（他重复读这篇文章以提高他的发音。
）二、“duplication”1. 含义- 有“复制；重复；复本；成倍”等意思。
例如：- The duplication of effort in this project is a waste of resources.（这个项目中工作的重复是对资源的浪费。
）- 当我们说“避免duplication”时，就是指避免做同样的事情两次或者制造多余的副本等情况。
2. 相关用法- 可以用于描述文件、数据等的复制情况。
例如：The duplication of data should be carefully managed in a computer system.（在计算机系统中，数据的复制应该被谨慎管理。
）。
关于重复的事例英语作文素材
关于重复的事例英语作文素材英文回答：Repetition is a ubiquitous literary device employed by authors to achieve a variety of effects, including emphasis, coherence, and rhythm. By repeating words, phrases, or ideas, writers can create a sense of repetition that reinforces meaning, reinforces structure, and controls the pace of a narrative or poem.One of the most common uses of repetition is to emphasize a particular point or idea. By repeating a wordor phrase multiple times, authors can draw attention to it and ensure that it is not overlooked by readers. For example, in Shakespeare's "Hamlet," the titular character repeats the phrase "To be or not to be" several times inhis famous soliloquy, emphasizing the existential dilemma that he is facing.Repetition can also be used to create a sense ofcoherence and structure within a text. By repeating certain words or phrases throughout a work, authors can create a sense of unity and cohesion that helps to bind the text together and make it more memorable. For instance, in Emily Dickinson's poem "Hope" (1862), the repetition of the word "hope" throughout the poem creates a sense of continuity and reinforces the poem's central theme.Finally, repetition can be used to control the pace and rhythm of a narrative or poem. By varying the frequency and placement of repeated elements, authors can create avariety of effects, from a sense of urgency to a feeling of tranquility. For example, in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" (1845), the repeated refrain "Nevermore" creates a sense of foreboding and despair that adds to the poem's overall atmosphere.In conclusion, repetition is a powerful literary device that can be used to achieve a variety of effects, including emphasis, coherence, and rhythm. By repeating words, phrases, or ideas, authors can create a sense of repetition that reinforces meaning, reinforces structure, and controlsthe pace of a narrative or poem.中文回答：重复是一种无所不在的文学手法，被作者用来达到多种效果，包括强调、连贯和节奏。
英汉重复现象对比
教育博览Education Expo重复作为一种语言现象广泛出现于英汉语言当中。
但以往的研究对重复的分类较为模糊，本文对英汉重复进行了新的分类，并且对比分析英汉语言重复，有助于我们进行英汉互译。
一、重复（repetition）重复现象出现原因可以用信息论来解释。
而重复既可看作一种语言现象，也可看作修辞手法。
（一）重复出现原因英汉出现重复并得到广泛运用的原因可用信息论（Informatics）相关原理解释（C.E.Shannon 1949）。
信息论自二十世纪四十年代创立以来，在各个领域都广泛应用。
其中，冗余信息（redundancy）是信息论非常重要的组成成分，指的是超过传递最少信息所需要的信息量。
信息传输效率的高低受到噪声干扰（noise）等的影响。
若要克服噪声干扰，可添加冗余成分，使得错码率相同的前提下，信息错误量减少。
在这样一个理论前提下，英汉语言中出现的重复现象便可得到合理解释：英汉中重复现象，就是利用冗余信息提高信息传递正确率[1]。
（二）重复定义与分类国内外对重复的定义繁多。
如将重复看作一种修辞手法。
中文重复被划分为连续反复和间隔反复；英文重复除连续反复和间隔反复外，将变异类型也归为重复修辞格，即分别根据不同位置、不同结构以及不同语言成分把重复细分为十几类，如首语反复、连词反复，同源反复等（李国男2002）。
重复分类可类比语言学分类，划分为音复（phonological repetition）、词素重复（morphemic repetition）、句法成分重复（syntactic repetition）和语义重复（semantic repetition）等。
本文从此分类出发，主要探寻合成词内部不同的词素、语素之间的重复；句法成分中名词短语的重复；异词语义的重复。
二、合成词内词素重复在汉语中，此类重复十分常见。
但英语合成词内部出现词素重复的现象较少。
（一）汉语合成词语素重复汉语合成词语素重复现象出现得比较频繁。