三层交换机组播配置应用
华三命令配置
华三命令配置显示组播：dis pim rp-info 选举信息Dis pim bsr-info 区域信息Dis multicast routing-table 组播表项Language-mode Chinese 中文模式显示系统版本信息：display version显示诊断信息：display diagnostic-information显示系统当前配置：display current-configuration显示系统保存配置：display saved-configuration显示接口信息：display interface显示路由信息：display ip routing-table显示VLAN 信息：display vlan显示生成树信息：display stp显示MAC 地址表：display mac-address显示ARP表信息：display arp显示系统CPU使用率：display cpu显示系统内存使用率：display memory显示系统日志：display log显示系统时钟：display clock验证配置正确后，使用保存配置命令：save删除某条命令，一般使用命令：undosys进入到系统视图Enter system view, return to user view with Ctrl+Z.[Quidway]user-interface aux 0[Quidway-ui-aux0]authentication-mode schemeNotice: Telnet or SSH user must be added , otherwise operator cant login! [Quidway-ui-aux0]qu[Quidway]local-user huawei 增加用户名New local user added.[Quidway-luser-huawei]password simple huawei 配置密码，且密码不加密[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-type telnet ssh level 3服务类型为SSH和telnet，且用户登陆后权限为管理员权限[Quidway-luser-huawei]qu[Quidway]user-interface vty 0 4[Quidway-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode schemeNotice: Telnet or SSH user must be added , otherwise operator cant login! [Quidway-ui-vty0-4]<Quidway>save华为QuidWay交换机配置命令手册:1、开始建立本地配置环境，将主机的串口通过配置电缆与以太网交换机的Console 口连接。
交换机组播功能的设置
交换机组播功能的设置1. 什么是组播？组播协议允许将一台主机发送的数据通过网络路由器和交换机复制到多个加入此组播的主机，是一种一对多的通讯方式。
IP 组播的好处、优势？组播协议的优势在于当需要将大量相同的数据传输到不通主机时，1能节省发送数据的主机的系统资源和带宽；2组播是有选择地复制给又要求的主机；3 3. 组播可以穿越公网广泛传播，而广播则只能在局域网或专门的广播网内部传播；4 4. 组播能节省网络主干的带宽单播：主机之间“一对一”的通讯模式，网络中的交换机和路由器对数据只进行转发不进行复制。
如果10个客户机需要相同的数据，则服务器需要逐一传送，重复10次相同的工作。
但由于其能够针对每个客户的及时响应，所以现在的网页浏览全部都是采用IP单播协议。
网络中的路由器和交换机根据其目标地址选择传输路径，将IP单播数据传送到其指定的目的地。
广播：主机之间“一对所有”的通讯模式，网络对其中每一台主机发出的信号都进行无条件复制并转发，所有主机都可以接收到所有信息（不管你是否需要），由于其不用路径选择，所以其网络成本可以很低廉。
有线电视网就是典型的广播型网络，我们的电视机实际上是接受到所有频道的信号，但只将一个频道的信号还原成画面。
在数据网络中也允许广播的存在，但其被限制在二层交换机的局域网范围内，禁止广播数据穿过路由器，防止广播数据影响大面积的主机。
组播：主机之间“一对一组”的通讯模式，也就是加入了同一个组的主机可以接受到此组内的所有数据，网络中的交换机和路由器只向有需求者复制并转发其所需数据。
主机可以向路由器请求加入或退出某个组，网络中的路由器和交换机有选择的复制并传输数据，即只将组内数据传输给那些加入组的主机。
这样既能一次将数据传输给多个有需要（加入组）的主机，又能保证不影响其他不需要（未加入组）的主机的其他通讯。
2.二层组播设置1、 IP 组播技术体系结构组播协议分为主机-路由器之间的组成员关系协议和路由器-路由器之间的组播路由协议。
Moxa交换机三层路由配置
RIPv1, v2 & v1c
RIPv1 - RFC 1058 -Classful -目的. IP: 255.255.255.255 RIPv2 – RFC 2453 -Classless (Support CIDR) -携带子网信息 -目的 IP: 224.0.0.9 RIPv1c -携带 RIPv2/子网信息 -目的. IP: 255.255.255.255
交换机1: Web 接口
192.168.1.0 Layer 3 Switch 1 192.168.2.0 Layer 3 Switch 2
192.168.3.0
1.100
2.100
2.200
3.200
Confidential
交换机 2: Web 接口
192.168.1.0 Layer 3 Switch 1 192.168.2.0 Layer 3 Switch 2
Confidential
交换机1启用 RIP - Web
192.168.1.0 三层交换 机1 192.168.2.0 三层交换 机2
192.168.3.0
1.100
2.100
2.200
3.200
Confidential
交换机2启用 RIP - Web
192.168.1.0 三层交换 机1 192.168.2.0 三层交换 机2
2009 MTSC: Moxa 三层交换机
制定: MOXA Networking TSE 时间: 08-2009
大纲
Moxa 三层交换机 启用路由 -建立子网 路由协议 -静态路由 -RIP 路由 比较静态路由/RIP路由
Confidential
华为交换机路由器BFD配置
BFD配置步骤华为路由器交换机BFD配置步骤一、静态BFD单跳和多跳检测BFD单跳检测：两个直连系统进行ip连通性检测;BFD会话必须绑定本端出接口和对端IP地址BFD多跳检测：两个系统之间的任意路径检测；BFD会话绑定对端IP地址1、静态BFD单跳检测配置（设备两端同时配置）：配置前需先配置链路层参数，使接口的链路协议状态为UP，路由可达，如果是三层接口（包括子接口）还需配置IP地址。
二层接口和三层接口配置方法有些区别1、全局使能BFD[router 1]bfd2、配置BFD组播 IP地址（可选）。
默认值为224.0.0.184。
仅当对端设备无法配置IP地址（如二层设备）时采用。
如果BFD检测路径上存在重叠的BFD会话（如三层接口通过具有BFD功能的二层交换设备连接），必须配置不同的缺省组播IP地址，以免BFD报文被错误转发。
如果已经配置了缺省组播地址的BFD会话，则不能更改缺省组播地址。
[router 1-bfd]default-ip-address 224.0.0.1843、创建BFD会话绑定信息（区别不同的BFD会话）[Huawei]bfd test[Huawei-bfd-session-test]3.1对于三层接口创建IP连通性[router 1]bfd 1 bind peer-ip 10.1.1.254 interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2（本端接口） source-ip 10.1.1.13.2对于二层接口创建检测链路物理状态[router 1]bfd 2 bind peer-ip default-ip interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/24、配置BFD会话本地标识符[Huawei-bfd-session-001]discriminator local 1005、配置BFD会话远端标识符[Huawei-bfd-session-001]discriminator remote 1016、提交BFD会话配置[Huawei-bfd-session-001]commit2、静态BFD 多跳配置检测多跳检测需要三层接口来实现，不能连接二成设备。
华为三层交换机配置实例
华为三层交换机配置实例一例服务器1双网卡，内网IP:192.168.0.1，其它计算机通过其代理上网PORT1属于VLAN1PORT2属于VLAN2PORT3属于VLAN3VLAN1的机器可以正常上网配置VLAN2的计算机的网关为：192.168.1.254配置VLAN3的计算机的网关为：192.168.2.254即可实现VLAN间互联如果VLAN2和VLAN3的计算机要通过服务器1上网则需在三层交换机上配置默认路由系统视图下：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1然后再在服务器1上配置回程路由进入命令提示符route add 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.254route add 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.254这个时候vlan2和vlan3中的计算机就可以通过服务器1访问internet了~~华为路由器与CISCO路由器在配置上的差别＂华为路由器与同档次的CISCO路由器在功能特性与配置界面上完全一致，有些方面还根据国内用户的需求作了很好的改进。
例如中英文可切换的配置与调试界面，使中文用户再也不用面对着一大堆的英文专业单词而无从下手了。
另外它的软件升级，远程配置，备份中心，PPP回拨，路由器热备份等，对用户来说均是极有用的功能特性。
在配置方面，华为路由器以前的软件版本(VRP1.0－相当于CISCO的IOS)与CISCO有细微的差别，但目前的版本(VRP1.1)已和CISCO兼容，下面首先介绍VRP软件的升级方法，然后给出配置上的说明。
一、 VRP软件升级操作升级前用户应了解自己路由器的硬件配置以及相应的引导软件bootrom的版本，因为这关系到是否可以升级以及升级的方法，否则升级失败会导致路由器不能运行。
在此我们以从VRP1.0升级到VRP1.1为例说明升级的方法。
华为数据中心5800交换机01-11 组播VLAN配置
11组播VLAN配置关于本章组播VLAN复制功能可以使三层设备只需把组播数据传送给该组播VLAN，而不必再为每个用户VLAN都复制一份组播报文，减少带宽浪费。
11.1 组播VLAN的简介介绍组播VLAN的定义和目的。
11.2 原理描述介绍组播VLAN功能的实现原理。
11.3 配置任务概览根据不同的应用场景，组播VLAN有不同的配置方式。
11.4 配置注意事项介绍配置组播VLAN的注意事项。
11.5 缺省配置介绍缺省情况下，组播VLAN的配置信息。
11.6 配置组播VLAN介绍组播VLAN的详细配置过程。
11.7 配置举例介绍组播VLAN复制功能的配置举例。
11.8 常见配置错误介绍了常见的配置错误的故障现象以及处理步骤。
11.1 组播VLAN的简介介绍组播VLAN的定义和目的。
定义组播VLAN全称Multicast VLAN，用于将接收到的相同的组播数据在不同的用户VLAN进行复制分发。
目的二层组播侦听功能很好的弥补了组播数据如果到达的是二层广播网络，就会进行广播的缺陷。
但是这种功能是基于一个广播域，即基于VLAN来实现的。
如果不同VLAN的用户有相同的组播数据需求时，上游路由器仍然需要发送多份相同报文到不同VLAN中。
通过在二层设备上配置组播VLAN功能就可以解决这个问题，它实现了在二层网络设备上进行跨VLAN组播复制。
在二层设备上部署了组播VLAN功能后，上游路由器不必在每个用户VLAN内都复制一份组播流，而是数据流在组播VLAN内复制一份后发送给二层设备。
这样就避免了组播流在上游路由器的重复复制，不仅节省了网络带宽，又减轻了上游路由器的负担。
11.2 原理描述介绍组播VLAN功能的实现原理。
基于用户VLAN的组播VLAN交换机支持将用户VLAN与组播VLAN进行绑定，实现在不同的用户VLAN间进行组播报文复制。
基于用户VLAN的组播VLAN功能提供了组播VLAN复制功能中最核心的功能：上游设备只需要向配置了组播VLAN的交换机上发送一份组播数据，然后交换机再将其复制分发到有相同组播需求的不同用户VLAN中，从而减少了上游设备与交换机之间的带宽浪费，即如图11-1所示。
组播路由与转发配置-h3c
1 组播路由与转发配置 .......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 组播路由与转发简介.......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 RPF检查机制 .......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 组播静态路由 .......................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 GRE隧道在组播转发中的应用 ................................................................................................ 1-4 1.1.4 组播路径跟踪 .......................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2 组播路由与转发配置任务简介 ........................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 配置组播路由与转发.......................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.1 配置准备 ................................................................................................................................. 1-6 1.3.2 使能IP组播路由....................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.3 配置组播静态路由................................................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.4 配置组播路由策略................................................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.5 配置组播转发范围................................................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.6 配置组播转发表容量 ............................................................................................................... 1-9 1.3.7 跟踪组播数据的传输路径........................................................................................................ 1-9 1.4 组播路由与转发显示和维护............................................................................................................. 1-10 1.5 组播路由与转发典型配置举例 ......................................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.1 改变RPF路由配置举例 ......................................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.2 衔接RPF路由配置举例 ......................................................................................................... 1-13 1.6 常见配置错误举例 ........................................................................................................................... 1-15 1.6.1 组播静态路由失败................................................................................................................. 1-15
S5130系列交换机IP组播命令参考
H3C S5130-HI 系列以太网交换机IP 组播命令参考前言H3C S5130-HI 系列以太网交换机命令参考主要针对S5130-HI 系列交换机Release 1111 软件版本支持的命令进行了介绍。
《IP 组播命令参考》主要介绍组播相关命令，包括IPv4 组播业务配置命令及IPv6 组播业务配置命令。
利用这些组播命令，可以实现网络中点到多点的高效数据传送。
前言部分包含如下内容：∙读者对象∙本书约定∙产品配套资料∙资料获取方式∙技术支持∙资料意见反馈读者对象本手册主要适用于如下工程师：∙网络规划人员∙现场技术支持与维护人员∙负责网络配置和维护的网络管理员本书约定1. 命令行格式约定2. 图形界面格式约定3. 各类标志本书还采用各种醒目标志来表示在操作过程中应该特别注意的地方，这些标志的意义如下：4. 图标约定本书使用的图标及其含义如下：5. 端口编号示例约定本手册中出现的端口编号仅作示例，并不代表设备上实际具有此编号的端口，实际使用中请以设备上存在的端口编号为准。
产品配套资料H3C S5130-HI 系列以太网交换机的配套资料包括如下部分：目录1 IGMP Snooping ············································································································· 1-11.1 IGMP Snooping配置命令·······························1-11.1.1 display igmp-snooping ························································································1-11.1.2 display igmp-snooping group ················································································1-31.1.3 display igmp-snooping router-port ·········································································1-41.1.4 display igmp-snooping static-group ········································································1-51.1.5 display igmp-snooping static-router-port··································································1-61.1.6 display igmp-snooping statistics ············································································1-71.1.7 display l2-multicast ip··························································································1-81.1.8 display l2-multicast ip forwarding ···········································································1-91.1.9 display l2-multicast mac ···················································································· 1-101.1.10 display l2-multicast mac forwarding ···································································· 1-111.1.11 enable (IGMP-Snooping view) ·········································································· 1-121.1.12 entry-limit (IGMP-Snooping view) ······································································ 1-131.1.13 fast-leave (IGMP-Snooping view) ······································································ 1-141.1.14 group-policy (IGMP-Snooping view) ··································································· 1-141.1.15 host-aging-time (IGMP-Snooping view) ······························································· 1-151.1.16 igmp-snooping······························································································· 1-161.1.17 igmp-snooping drop-unknown ··········································································· 1-171.1.18 igmp-snooping enable ····················································································· 1-171.1.19 igmp-snooping fast-leave ················································································· 1-181.1.20 igmp-snooping general-query source-ip ······························································ 1-191.1.21 igmp-snooping group-limit ················································································ 1-201.1.22 igmp-snooping group-policy·············································································· 1-201.1.23 igmp-snooping host-aging-time ········································································· 1-221.1.24 igmp-snooping host-join ·················································································· 1-221.1.25 igmp-snooping last-member-query-interval ·························································· 1-231.1.26 igmp-snooping leave source-ip ·········································································· 1-241.1.27 igmp-snooping max-response-time ···································································· 1-251.1.28 igmp-snooping overflow-replace ········································································ 1-261.1.29 igmp-snooping querier ···················································································· 1-271.1.30 igmp-snooping query-interval ············································································ 1-281.1.31 igmp-snooping report source-ip ········································································· 1-28i1.1.32 igmp-snooping router-aging-time ······································································· 1-29 1.1.33 igmp-snooping source-deny ············································································· 1-30 1.1.34 igmp-snooping special-query source-ip ······························································· 1-31 1.1.35 igmp-snooping static-group ·············································································· 1-32 1.1.36 igmp-snooping static-router-port ········································································ 1-32 1.1.37 igmp-snooping version ···················································································· 1-33 1.1.38 last-member-query-interval (IGMP-Snooping view) ················································ 1-34 1.1.39 max-response-time (IGMP-Snooping view) ·························································· 1-35 1.1.40 overflow-replace (IGMP-Snooping view)······························································ 1-35 1.1.41 report-aggregation (IGMP-Snooping view) ··························································· 1-36 1.1.42 reset igmp-snooping group ··············································································· 1-37 1.1.43 reset igmp-snooping router-port ········································································ 1-37 1.1.44 reset igmp-snooping statistics ··········································································· 1-38 1.1.45 router-aging-time (IGMP-Snooping view) ····························································· 1-38 1.1.46 source-deny (IGMP-Snooping view) ··································································· 1-39 1.1.47 version (IGMP-Snooping view) ·········································································· 1-40ii1IGMP Snooping1.1 IGMP Snooping配置命令1.1.1 display igmp-snoopingdisplay igmp-snooping 命令用来显示IGMP Snooping 的状态信息。
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三层交换机组播配置应用
『配置环境参数』
1. 组播服务器地址为19
2.168.0.10/24，网关为192.168.0.1/24
2. 三层交换机SwitchA通过上行口G1/1连接组播服务器，交换机连接组播服务器接口interface vlan 100，地址为192.168.0.1。
3. vlan10和vlan20下挂两个二层交换机SwitchB和SwitchC，地址为10.10.10.1/24和10.10.20.1/24。
『组网需求』
1:在SwitchA、SwitchB和SwitchC上运行组播协议，要求L3上配置为IP PIM-SM模式
2:数据配置步骤『PIM-SM数据流程』
PIM-SM（Protocol Independent Multicast，Sparse Mode）即与协议无关的组播稀疏模式，属于稀疏模式的组播路由协议。
PIM-SM主要用于组成员分布相对分散、范围较广、大规模的网络。
与密集模式的扩散?剪枝不同，PIM-SM协议假定所有的主机都不需要接收组播数据包，只有主机明确指定需要时，PIM-SM路由器才向它转发组播数据包。
PIM-SM协议中，通过设置汇聚点RP（Rendezvous Point）和自举路由器BSR（Bootstrap Router），向所有PIM-SM路由器通告组播信息，并利用路由器的加入/剪枝信息，建立起基于RP的共享树RPT （RP-rooted shared tree）。
从而减少了数据报文和控制报文占用的网络带宽，降低路由器的处理开销。
组播数据沿着共享树流到该组播组成员所在的网段，当数据流量达到一定程度，组播数据流可以切换到基于源的最短路径树SPT，以减少网络延迟。
PIM-SM不依赖于特定的单播路由协议，而是使用现存的单播路由表进行RPF检查。
运行PIM-SM协议，需要配置候选RP和BSR，BSR负责收集候选RP发来的信息，并把它们广播出去。
【SwitchA相关配置】
1. 使能多播路由
[SwitchA]multicast routing-enable
2. 创建（进入）vlan100的虚接口
[SwitchA]int vlan 100
3. 给vlan100的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100]ip add 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
4. 创建（进入）vlan10的虚接口
[SwitchA]int vlan 10
5. 给vlan10的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10]ip add 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
6. 在接口上启动PIM SM
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10]pim SM
7. 创建（进入）vlan20的虚接口
[SwitchA]interface Vlan-interface 20
8. 给vlan20的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface20]ip add 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.0
9. 在接口上启动PIM SM
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface20]pim SM
10.进入PIM视图
[SwitchA]pim
11.配置候选BSR
[SwitchA-pim]c-bsr vlan 100 24
12.配置候选RP
[SwitchA-pim]c-rp vlan 100
『PIM-DM数据流程』
PIM-DM（Protocol Independent Multicast，Dense Mode）属于密集模式的组播路由协议。
PIM-DM 适用于小型网络，在这种网络环境下，组播组的成员相对比较密集。
PIM-DM的工作过程可以概括为：邻居发现、扩散?剪枝过程、嫁接阶段。
1.使能多播路由
[SwitchA]multicast routing-enable
2.创建（进入）vlan100的虚接口
[SwitchA]int vlan 100
3.给vlan100的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100]ip add 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
4.创建（进入）vlan10的虚接口
[SwitchA]int vlan 10
5.给vlan10的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10]ip add 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
6.在接口上启动PIM DM
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10]pim DM
7.创建（进入）vlan20的虚接口
[SwitchA]interface Vlan-interface 20
8.给vlan20的虚接口配置IP地址
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface20]ip add 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.0
9.在接口上启动PIM DM
[SwitchA-Vlan-interface20]pim DM
【SwitchB相关配置】
swtichB可以不配置，或者支持IGMP SNOOPING，可以在系统视图下启动multicast routing-enable。
如果是二层交换机，则只需在系统视图下配置igmp-snooping即可；
目前交换机的IGMP只支持V1/V2版本。
【SwitchC相关配置】
switchC可以不配置，或者支持IGMP SNOOPING，可以在系统视图下启动multicast routing-enable。
如果是二层交换机，则只需在系统视图下配置igmp-snooping即可；
目前交换机的IGMP只支持V1/V2版本。
3、测试验证PC1和PC2都能够看到正常的组播源内容。