英语翻译理论4

9. Such rocks are the most suitable underground-water reservoirs. 10. This shop offers a large choice of hats and shoes. 11. The president strongly advocated a sharp increase in the missile and space programs. 12. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 13. The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs. 14. The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law. 15. Transistors are fairly recent development.
Notes (1) English abstract nouns denoting actions or nouns derived from verbs are often converted into Chinese verbs or verbal phrases. (2) English common nouns denoting persons and derived from verbs are often converted into Chinese verbs or verbal phrases. (3) In given contexts, the English genitive or possessive + noun may be converted into: Verb + object (动宾结构)， subject + verb (+ object) (主 谓结构)， structure denoting active sense (主动结构) and structure denoting passive sense (被动结构) Examples: 1. Thanks to her boy friend’s rescue, she could return home safely. 幸亏男朋友的救援，她才能安然回家。 She hurried to her boy friend’s rescue. 她赶快去救男朋 友。
2. The American people demanded his release. 美国人民 要求释放他。 He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war. 他因释放了战俘而获得称赞。 3. She doesn’t want his praise. 她不要他赞美。 She always sings his praises. 她老是夸耀他。 4. Nature is not over-merciful in its treatment of delinquents. 大自然对于罪人是不会过于心慈手软的。 Are you satisfied with your treatment? 你对你的待遇满 意吗？ 5. … and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. ……使这 个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。 The American government is a rule of the people, by the people, for the boss. 美国的政体是人民为着政党的领 袖而统治人民的。
Drills 4.1.1 b (1) Point out which of the words in italics has subjective function or objective function by marking S (主) or O (宾) respectively, and then translate the following: 1. My recollections of Mr. Brown 2. Lincoln’s Assassination 3. His memory is very bad. A monument is delicated to his memory. 4. His drawings of children are exceptionally good. His children’s drawings are very good. 5. The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance. Yong people’s higher education is now much extended in China.
6. Let me be your banker. 你需要钱，我可以借给你。 7. Roofs require special consideration to ensure adequate durability in relation to the exposure to the sun and rain. 屋顶需要加以特别考虑，以确保经受日晒雨 淋。 8. Large fields of the same crop also result in rapid multiplication of destructive insects. 大面积种植单一作 物也会造成害虫迅速繁殖。 9. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 用无线电波 传送和接收活动物体图像的技术成为电视。 10. A commitment to respect human rights that was not accompanied by international control constituted a half measure. 承担尊重人权的责任而不接受国际监督是一 种不彻底的措施。
Drills 4.1.1 a 1. No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 2. I have no intention of wearing you with this matter. 3. Concern for the preservation of public property should not be confined to protecting it from thieves and wreckers. 4. We are enemies of all aggressive wars. 5. The massacre of the Republicans, and the subsequent law of September against the press and the right of association, were his work. 6. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the older generation rushing back to 36 years ago. 7. There must be a clear recognition of the principles of equality between states. 8. This discovery was the beginning of the science of aerostatics.
Chapter 4
Conversion

4.1 Conversion of Word Classes
According to English syntax, there is usually one finite verb in a simple sentence or an individual clause. Abstract nouns or gerunds are often used for verbs. The frequent use of the nominal style is one of the features of English. In Chinese, two or more verbs instead of abstract nouns are usually used together or separately in one sentence. Indeed, what is expressed in the verbal style in Chinese is very often expressed in the nominal style in English. Keeping this general principle in mind, we can easily handle the conversion of word classes. 4.1.1 Conversion from English Nouns and Adjectives into Chinese Verbs and Adverbs Nouns or nominal forms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in English while verbs or multi-verbal forms are much preferred in Chinese. In translation, therefore, the conversion of English nouns into Chinese verbs, and subsequently English adjectives into Chinese adverbs, becomes one of the techniques frequently employed for smooth representation in idiomatic Chinese.