外文翻译(生产线分析和改善)

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：经济管理学院专业：工业工程姓名：赵翀翀学号： 080203215外文出处：(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

指导教师评语：所选文献与论文关系密切，译文用词较准确，语句通顺，反映出原文的基本内容。

所选文献也符合要求签名：李学亮2012年 4 月 15 日生产线平衡这项研究的范围是探讨生产线的制造和平衡，生产线平衡的类型，设备平衡和故障分析的理解。

当每个工人的任务需要相同的时间来完成的时候，就是一个平衡的流水线。

线平衡，是一个制造工程的功能，即在整个生产线的任务都能够得到等分。

良好的平衡线，能避免无意义的劳动和提高生产效率。

生产线平衡线平衡的策略是，使生产线足够灵活，以避免外部和内部的违规行为。

有两种类型的生产线平衡，即：静态平衡：指的是几个小时或更长的时间内能力的长期分歧。

静态失衡是工作站，机器和人未能得到充分利用的结果。

动态平衡：指短期能力的差异，最多不超过几分钟或几个小时的时间。

动态不平衡源于产品结构的变化和产品结构无关的工作时间的变化。

劳资平衡和分配生产线的稳定策略的倾向是固定的劳动的平衡分配。

劳资的可行性的一个重要特征是战略的灵活性即生产线的个人技能和能力：当一名工人在执行分配给他的任务是有问题，遇到的延迟，由于技术问题（S），其他工人（S）应转移到帮助。

当一个工序运行出现问题时，熟练的技工应尽快接管其工序。

生产线的所有工人应交互在各个工序熟悉工序操作。

全技能即在一个单一的工作中心一个工人可以处理各种任务（自动化）。

设备平衡设备平衡应确保每一台设备在工作单元中有相同的工作量。

现在每个制造商都试图最大限度地利用所有可用的设备。

如此高的利用率往往适得其反，这可能是一个错误的目标，因为利用率高，通常伴随着高库存。

设备故障设备故障是一项重大而严肃的问题，有可能关闭一条生产线。

为了避免这种故障，应确保每个设备不会超载，并且应培训工人进行日常机器检查（预防性维护）和标准作业程序的训练。

维护部和工程部的优势不在于在运行后期的变化，因此应计算预防性维修时间，并安排活动。

分析线平衡的分析一般由主管技术人员进行。

分析之前应把流水线分成各个小任务，确定标准的任务时间，任务的排序的规范和约束的分析与生产线的工作分工。

如果瓶颈环节的任务是在于寻找良好的平衡的方式，技术过硬的员工应分析的任务，以减少所花费的时间来执行。

生产线平衡领导生产线工人应致力于生产线平衡而努力，这样他们才能够快速应对当产品和生产率变换导致失衡（静态和动态）时迅速作出反应。

结论生产线平衡的研究，往往聘请有新思路和经验的人来改变现状。

生产线的设计和操作是艺术多于科学。

工人的灵活性是有效的资源管理的关键所在。

工人的检查和对自己的设备做小型维修工作的想法可能降低了设备故障的风险。

选择一套合适的平衡机制是一个工作单元设计的一部分，它必须与许多其他决策系统建立良好的联系才能运作良好。

Production Line BalancingThe scope of this study is to explore the understanding of Production-line Manufacturing and Balancing, Types of Line Balancing, Equipment Balancing and its Failure and Analysis. A production line is said to be in balance when every worker’s task takes the same amount of time. Line balancing is a manufacturing-engineering function in which whole collection of production-line tasks are divided into equal portions. Well-balanced lines avoid labour idealness and improve productivity.Production Line BalancingLine-balancing strategy is to make production lines flexible enough to absorb external and internal irregularities. There are two types of line balancing, which we have explained as：•Static Balance – Refers to long-term differences in capacity over a period of several hours or longer. Static imbalance results in underutilizationof workstations, machines and people.•Dynamic Balance – Refers to short-term differences in capacity, like, over a period of minutes, hours at most. Dynamic imbalance arises fromproduct mix changes and variations in work time unrelated to product mix.Labour Balancing and AssignmentsStrategy of production line stability is the tendency for labour assignments to be fixed. Labour feasibility is an important feature in the strategy of production line flexibility linked to individual skills and capabilities –•When one worker is having problem in performing his assigned task and experiencing delay due to technical problem(s), other worker(s) shouldmove into help.•The management practice of deliberately pull ing worker’s of the line when the line is running smoothly.•The movement of whole crews from one dedicated line to another as the model mix changes.•Group Technology – In which one worker can handle variety of tasks (automation) in a single work centre.Equipment BalancingWhile balancing equipment, attempt to ensure that each piece of equipment in the work cell has the same amount of work. Now days every manufacturer is attempting to maximize the utilization of all available equipments. Such high utilization is often counterproductive and may be the wrong goal because; high utilization is usually accompanied by high inventory.Equipment FailureAn equipment failure is a major serious matter, with the potential to shut down a production line. To avoid such failures one should not overload the equipments, and workers should be trained to perform a daily machine checking (preventive maintenance) and following standard operating procedures. The advantage for Maintenance and Engineering Department does not lie in running late shifts, hence calculate the preventive maintenance time and schedule the activity.AnalysisAnalysis is generally performed by Competent Technical Staff. Begin the analysis with division of production-line work into small tasks, determination of task time standards, specification of required task sequencing and notation of constraints. If bottle neck task is in the way of good balance, the Competent Technical Staff should analyze the task to reduce the time it takes to perform.Line Balancing LeadershipWorkmen should lead the production line balancing effort, so that they can react quickly when line imbalances (static and dynamic) crop up asa result of changeover to make a different item or changes in the output rate.ConclusionProduction-line balancing study tends to employ thought and ingenuity to change conditions. Production-line design and operation is more art than science. Labour flexibility is the key to effective resource management. The idea of worker’s checking and doing minor r epair work on their own equipment possibly decreases the risk of equipment failure. Selecting an appropriate set of balancing mechanism is a part of work cell design and it must be linked with many other decisions for the system to function well.。