2015年南京师范大学考博英语真题--翻译篇
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions1-5,choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question:What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?Probably no two people would draw up exactly the same lists.But I think the following would be generally accepted.First,1)But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy,frigid,sarcastic,cynical,frustrated,and overbearing: I would say too,that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality.Secondly,2）Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant-not,indeed,of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people,and again especially children,to make mistakes.Thirdly,3）This does not mean being a saint.It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths,and limitations,and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided.There is no contradiction in my going on to saythat a teacher should be a bit of an actor.That is part of the technique of teaching,which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven a lesson,correct a fault, or award praise.Children,especially young children,live in a world that is rather larger than life.On the other hand,4）He must be pretty resilient,teaching makes great demands on nervous energy.And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure.Finally,5）There are three principle objects of study:the subject,or subjects,which the teacher is teaching;the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching;and-by far the most important-the children,young people,or adults to whom they are to be taught.The cardinal principle of British education is education of the whole person,and that it is best acquired through full and active cooperation between two persons,the teacher and the learner.[A]it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy-in the literal meaning of that word;a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people.[B]a teacher must be capable of infinite patronee.This,I may say,is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, because none of us were born like that.[C]the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live andattractive.This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly,because many such have great personal charm.[D]A teacher must remain mentally alert,He must be quick to adapt himself to any situation,however improbable(they happen!)and able to improvise,if necessary at less than a moment’s notice[E]A teacher should be humorous sometimes like a best friend sitting down across from you in your living room having a chat about what's going on in your life.[F]I think a teacher should have the kind of mind,which always wants to go on learning.Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect;there is always something more to learn about it.[G]I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest.答案及解析1）C。
2015年南京师范大学考博英语真题--翻译
汉译英原题：学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。
环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友直到启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。
时间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。
最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。
求学是一件苦难的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。
参考译文：Learing is one's own business, which cannot rely upon others. It will certainly be of great help, if there are good environments, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions and enlightments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends. But even if you have got all these favorabl e conditions, you cannot be sure to succeed in l earning, for not a few peopl e who have been successful in l earning are not armed with all these things. The most important factor consists in one's own effort. To l earn is rather a painstaking and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensabl e hardships.英译汉原题：What I wish for all stud ents is some release from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to l earn that d efeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that America d oes not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media —the million-d ollar athlete, the wealthy executive — and gl orified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.参考译文：我希望于所有学生的是从未来的严酷无情中得到一些解脱.我希望他们有机会把他们每一阶段的教育纯粹作为一种经历来享受,而不是作为一种为下一步作准备的令人厌倦的需要.我希望他们有权利试验、跌跤,并懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义,失败并不是世界的末日.当然,我的希望是天真的.在美国人不赞扬的为数不多的权利之中,有一个便是失败的权利.成就是民族之神,它在我们的媒体中受到崇拜—身价百万的运动员,富有的主管人员—在我们对财富的赞美中得到荣耀.年轻人就是在这样一种强有力的国教熏陶下长大的.。
2015年英语一真题翻译
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English尽管没有血缘关系，但朋友之间的遗传关系与第四代表亲相同，有1%的相同基因。
这是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学出版在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究所得出的结论。
这项研究是比较了多组无血缘关系的朋友和无血缘关系的陌生人，在1932个实验对象身上所做的基因组分析。
同一批人用在了两组样本里。
尽管这1%的相同基因可能毫无意义，但对基因学家来说却并非如此。
正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的医学基因学教授James Fowler说的：“大多数人根本不认识他们的第四代表亲，却在冥冥之中成功选择与我们血缘相近的人作朋友。
”〖HJ〗研究还发现朋友之间还有部分相同的嗅觉基因但免疫基因是不同的。
目前为止，嗅觉基因为何存在相似性很难解释。
或许，正如研究团队说的那样，相似之处把我们吸引到一个相似的环境中，而在相似的环境中有更多相似点。
有很多机制共同作用促使我们选择有着相同基因的人做朋友，而不是以“功能性亲属关系”选择能带来利益的人做朋友。
研究值得一提的一项发现是相似基因似乎比其他基因进化的要快。
研究这项发现有助于理解为何人类在过去的30000年进化速度在加快，社会环境是主要的促进因素。
研究者说这些发现不仅仅解释了人类与具有相似种族背景的人做朋友的趋势。
尽管所有研究对象都是从有欧洲血统的人中挑选，但还是要保证所有实验对象，包括朋友和陌生人都是从相同的人群中选出。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1西班牙国王胡安·卡洛斯曾说“国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中”。
但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安·卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。
如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。
2015年考博英语真题应用
2015年考博英语真题应用真题应用很关键考博英语对于很多考生来说，是困扰他们的一大难关。
从每年英语没过线的考生人数就可以看出，英语复习必须全力以赴，容不得半点侥幸心理，只有付出才有收获。
全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零，联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。
首先，词汇是基础。
词汇是英语的基石，但是我们都知道词汇的记忆是一项很枯燥的工作，因为它要的是真功夫。
关于词汇的学习根据每个人的不同情况会有不同的方法，常见的背诵单词书、做真题记单词。
关于第一种背诵方法有两点建议：在整块背诵的基础上注意零余时间的利用，比如随身携带一本小的单词书，只要有时间就拿出来看看;关于词汇书的选择，推荐西北大学出版的《考博词汇红宝书》和《考博英语词汇速记宝典》，在记单词的过程中，把不认识的单词标记出来，并且，重新抄写到一张新的纸上，一天记一个单元或者两个单元，就有新的一张或两张纸的陌生词汇被整理出来，然后，重点记忆这些陌生词汇，效率更高。
关于第二种的背诵方法，也是得到很多同学推崇的，做真题记单词，通过语境来记忆，就是从阅读中把单词挑出来背，做一篇阅读要把时间控制在15分钟以内，做完了要花大概45分钟去弄懂，光做不研究是没有效果的。
而且要切记，词汇记忆是每天的必修课。
再说，阅读。
阅读是大头，是做好其他一切题型的基础和前提。
而且不能只是做，一定要分析每一道题，你做对了，为什么做对了?做错了，为什么错?命题的思路是什么，一定要研究透彻。
特别推崇书上说的要读文章，大声的读以培养语感，以及更深刻的理解每一篇文章，读的时候会发现看的时候没有注意到的问题，当然又一次的温习了单词。
也可以把阅读中自己感觉比较好的句型记在小本子上，为以后的写作做好积累。
一般到了九月就可以做十年真题了。
考博英语最宝贵最权威的资料就是十年真题，它有自己的出题套路，反复做反复咀嚼就能培养题感。
阅读到最后，真题都特别熟了，可以做点模拟题，测下自己的水平。
南师大15真题
翻译基础1．NATO2．GPS3．IMF4．PBOC5．GMT6．CBD7．APEC8．IPO9．UNESCO10．OPEC11．Break a butterfly on the wheel12．Corporate income tax13．Opportunity cost14．There is no smoke without fire15．Talk of the devil and he comes16．国内机场17．以人为本18．土豆泥19．清洁能源20．老龄化人口21．与时俱进22．军备竞赛23．国际援助24．物以类聚，人以群分25．有其父必有其子26．AA制27．航站楼28．凡人皆有得意时29．五环路30．一个中国原则Of the fruits of the year I give my vote to the orange.In the first place it is a perennial --- if not in actual fact, at least in the green grocer’s shop. On the days when dessert is a name given to a handful of chocolates and a little preserved ginger, when macedoine de fruits is the title best owed on two prunes and a piece of rhubarbs, then the orange, however sour,comes nobly to the rescue;and on those other days of plenty when cherries and strawberries and raspberries and gooseberries riot together upon the table, the orange, sweeter than ever, is still there to hold its own. Bread and butter,beef and mutton, eggs and bacon, are not more necessary to an ordered existence than the orange.It is well that the commonest fruit should be also the best. Of the virtues of the orangeI have not room fully to speak. It has properties of health giving, as that it curesinfluenza and establishes the complexion. It is clean, for whoever handles it on its way to your table, but handles its outer covering,its top coat, which is left in the hall. It is round, and forms an excellent substitute with the young for a cricket ball. The pip can be flicked at your enemies, and quite a small piece of peel makes a slide for an old gentleman.But all this would count nothing had not the orange such delightful qualities of taste. I dare not let myself go upon this subject. I am a slave to its sweetness. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. However, the world must go on.参考译文：说起一年当中的水果，我认为最好的是橘子。
2015年江苏师大841、842英语写作与翻译真题答案
XX师X大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题参考答案要点解析841/842英语写作与翻译你看酒杯是半满而不是半空吗？你的眼睛是关注于炸面圈而不是那个洞吗？当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的力量时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉与大约15000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以与失败，它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
〞“你的能力固然重要，〞匹兹堡的卡内基——梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说。
“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。
〞在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调查。
他们发现。
在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。
在新雇佣的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。
In a history that spans over 5000 years, China has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one, especially in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of China. 95 years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China's progress. 57 years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning dependence and liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China where people became their own masters. 28 years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts. Between 1978 and 2005, China's GDP grew from ＄147.3 billion to ＄2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volumewent up from ＄20.6 billion to ＄1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from ＄167 million to ＄818.9 billion. Duringthis period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny andadvanced the cause of human progress.阅读1.The definition depicts the meaning of alcoholism which is defined by the writer, therefore, it also conveys the writer’s attitude to it as well and we know it by the word “disease〞to feel the writer’s thoughts of it.As for the writer’s attitude, after a long detailed narration of alcoholism in the first paragraph, he points out that alcoholism is not only harmful to physical and mental health of the alcoholic but also to the alcoholic’s family, which has already express the writer’s attitude. Through the whole essay, we can further believe that the writer think alcoholism is very dangerous and harmful to everyone and he is full of hatred for alcoholism by his own experience.2.The introduction mainly talks about alcoholism and concludes the side effect of it by the last line, which just extracts his experience and feeling about it without abruption. The body paragraph develops smoothly on the basis of the introduction, especially the conclusion.3.The essay first introduces alcoholism by a large words. Then it draws forth his own experience and at last he realized that his father was in facta human persecuted by alcoholism. From the sequence, we can see that the essay goes forward gradually and it seems to develop by psychological time and logic sequence.4. From the whole essay, we can know that the writer hated alcoholism very much because his father was lost to alcoholism. Once his father drank, he could turn into a monster that the writer was hateful and scared. However, the writer seemed to understand his father’s sufferings and forgive him. He realized his father was also a victim of alcoholism. The writer’s thoughts changed as he became more mature. Here we see the end is actually the writer’s thoughts on his father from hatred to understanding. The end is full of narration and also expresses his emotion for his father.作文Reactions to DisappointmentAs we all know, not everything is going smoothly and everyone has undergone something bad to disappoint themselves. Different people have different reactions to disappointment. The optimistic will not be discouraged and fight again and again.Firstly, let’s see the reactions to disappointment from the point ofoptimists. We have to admit people’s first action to disappointment is always escaping including optimists. However, optimists will change their attitude and mind quickly so that nobody can notice it . For example, when the optimist can’t find a job they may firstly think of the reason why they can’t be employed and then adjust themselves to fight. They may believe that they are luck to be unemployed because there will be a good and suitable job for them. Optimists always keep their spirit high even they will sometimes doubt but they are still full of hope for life.However, pessimists show different way. They are subordinate to their instinct faced with the disappointment without fighting and than lose themselves to the irresistible pain. For instance, the story I have heard recently was about a person who had a chance to deliver a speech and he was excited and nervous all the times, especially on the stage. He made some mistakes and people present laughed again and again. Although he finally finished his speech, it was his first and last speech. It was not lack of chance to make a speech but it was he who can’t stand on the stage with courage. He was just beaten. His action to the disappoint of his first speech is only to escape and be addicted to his failure. Pessimists concentrate on disappointment just like a crown, only escaping and not recovering again.To conclude, people handle it with different actions, optimistic or pessimistic. However, disappointment is an experience that everyonemust undergo and the best way to face it is to smile and be optimistic.。
2015年南京师范大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
2015年南京师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：16.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.美国当地时间17日上午，非营利组织“大学生公平录取”向马萨诸塞州联邦巡回法庭提起诉讼，指控全球著名学府哈佛大学的录取政策存在“种族歧视”。
美国另一所知名大学北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校也因此被告上法庭。
该组织在起诉声明中称，哈佛大学录取新生时，通过人为限制亚裔学生的人数，提高其他族裔申请者录取率。
白人、拉丁裔和非洲裔申请者得到人为照顾，而许多更优秀的亚裔学生被拒之门外。
该行为违反最高法院 2013年的规定：终止“种族倾向”录取政策。
原告“大学生公平录取”组织还将这种“令人讨厌”的行为与20世纪初美国大学对犹太人的歧视进行类比。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我这次访问澳大利亚还有一个重要日程，就是出席在布里斯班举行的二十国集团领导人第九次峰会。
这个11月，中国和澳大利亚都是国际社会关注的焦点。
在亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议期间，中国同澳大利亚及其他成员经济体一道，围绕“共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系”主题，在推动区域经济一体化，促进经济创新发展、改革、增长，加强全方位基础设施和互联互通建设等方面取得积极成果。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.值此全球孔子学院建立10周年之际，我收到来自90个国家和地区286名孔子学院校长、院长的来信，并得知首个全球“孔子学院日”将在五大洲同时举行，感到非常高兴。
我谨向你们和孔子学院全体师生，表示热烈的祝贺和诚挚的问候!你们在来信中谈到，孔子学院是中国为世界和平与国际合作而不懈努力的象征，是连接中国人民和世界人民的纽带，并对孔子学院的光明未来充满信心。
2015南京师范大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
2015南京师范大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior.The clock works all the time;even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time.The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open.It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly a way.And it tells animals when to eat，sleep and wake.It controls body temperature，the release of some hormones and even dreams.These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years.But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until1729. In that year French astronomer，Jean-Jacques d“Ortous de Mairan，noted that one of his plants opened it s leaves at the same time every morning，and closed them at the same time every night.The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the ter scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans.They learned that man”s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25hours instead of the24hours on a man-made clock.About four years ago an American doctor，Eliot Weitzman，established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works.The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world.They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.Dr.Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.The laboratory is inthe Monteflore Hospital in New York City.It has two living areas with three small rooms in each.The windows are covered，so no sunlight o r moonlight comes in.There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas.It contains computers，one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area.The instruments measure heartbeat，body temperature，hormones in the blood，other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep.A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room24hours a day during an experiment.They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches，so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.In the first four years of research，Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed16men between the ages of21and80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six st month，a science reporter for“The New York Times”newspaper，Dava Sobol，became the first woman to take part in the experiment.She entered the laboratory on June13th and stayed for25days.Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time，which were published in the newspaper.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）1、The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in ____.A、the regulation of body temperatureB、the secretion of hormonesC、animal reproductionD、many aspects of plant and animal physiology2、In his observation，the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles ____.A、even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB、even if it was placed in the moonlightC、even when he was observing it from a dark placeD、even during the night time3、The sentence“They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.”(In Paragraph4)probably means____.A、They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks，without referring to a man-made clock.B、They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them.C、They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythms.D、They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.4、In the experiment conducted by Mr.Weitzman，the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day____.A、insgroupsto observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB、so as not to be recognized by the peopleC、so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is whenhe starts workD、so as to leave the people“s circadian rhythms in disorder5、Miss Sobol left the laboratory____.A、on June13thB、on June25thC、at the end of JuneD、on July7thKeys to PassageD A A C D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
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汉译英原题：
学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。
环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友直到启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。
时间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。
最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。
求学是一件苦难的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。
参考译文：
Learing is one's own business, which cannot rely upon others. It will certainly be of great help, if there are good environments, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions and enlightments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends. But even if you have got all these favorable conditions, you cannot be sure to succeed in learning, for not a few people who have been successful in learning are not armed with all these things. The most important factor consists in one's own effort. To learn is rather a painstaking and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such indispensable hardships.
英译汉原题：
What I wish for all students is some release from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.
My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media —the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive — and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.
参考译文：
我希望于所有学生的是从未来的严酷无情中得到一些解脱.我希望他们有机会把他们每一阶段的教育纯粹作为一种经历来享受,而不是作为一种为下一步作准备的令人厌倦的需要.我希望他们有权利试验、跌跤,并懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义,失败并不是世界的末日.当然,我的希望是天真的.在美国人不赞扬的为数不多的权利之中,有一个便是失败的权利.成就是民族之神,它在我们的媒体中
受到崇拜—身价百万的运动员,富有的主管人员—在我们对财富的赞美中得到荣耀.年轻人就是在这样一种强有力的国教熏陶下长大的.。