新托福阅读-句子简化题
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
句子简化题主要考察我们的paraphrase（在此可以简单理解为用比原文简单的语言来替换原文）的能力。
因此原文句式结构往往比较复杂，词汇相对比较高级，而且需要我们有比较强的逻辑分析能力。
正确选项往往会在句子结构，语法以及词汇上做改动，比如主动变被动，复合句变成简单句，同义词改写。
但是我们也不要被它吓到，只要我们有一定词汇基础（四级就可以），并掌握其解题技巧，正确解答此题还是不难的。
句子简化题的主要解题步骤是：
1.分析原句的逻辑关系，比如：转折，让步，递进，对比，等等。
2.扫描选项是否有对应的逻辑关系，如果不一样，立即排除该选项。
3.划出原句的核心词汇及概念，这些词往往是动作的发出者：主语，动作：谓语，以及动作的接受者：宾语。
4.把剩下的选项和原文进行快速比对，作出正确选择。
例1：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.。
左老师TOEFL托福阅读题型精讲6——句子简化题
○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. ○Slowing down the process of descause of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. ○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. ○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
第一部分：审题和思考
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch —— TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
TOEFL Reading
题型分类——句子简化题
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
CONTENTS
审题和思考
逻辑运用
简化难点
补充例题
审题和思考
New Oriental School Luoyang Branch —— TOEFL Teaching Group —— Joanna ／zuo5601159289
托福阅读备考：句子简化题答题技巧
在托福阅读的十大题型中，句子简化题也是其中尤为突显其特色的一种题目类型。
句子简化题在新托福阅读考试中通常一篇文章只有一题，虽然量不多，但是如果考生的语法很棒，这种题可谓是“送分题”。
因为这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查考生们理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。
因此，考生们的语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。
以OG Practice Set 4 (Aggression)中的第8题为例：The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations, and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential infor mation in the highlighted sentence Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.分析：题目中阴影句子的主句为“people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified – as during wartime – are likely to act aggre ssively”，其中“who believe that aggression is necessary and justified”为people的定语从句，因此该主句部分翻译为“相信攻击或者侵略是必要和公正(就如在战争时期)的人可能会有攻击性或者侵略性行为”;而“whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively”是whereas引导的表示对比、对立或者直接相反的状语从句，其中“who believe that a particular war or act of aggression isunjust, or who think that aggression is never justified,”是该从句中限定“people”的定语从句，因此该状语从句意为“然而那些认为某场战争或侵略行为是不公正的，或者相信侵略是不合理的人，有攻击性或者侵略性行为的可能性更小一些”。
【实例解析】托福阅读考试6个句子简化题汇总
【实例解析】托福阅读考试6个句子简化题汇总
在新托福考试当中，阅读是第一个部分，一共会考到3篇或者4篇文章，每篇文章700-800字左右，每篇文章之后会有13-14个题目。
很多同学面对这样托福阅读文章，感觉无从下手。
而在备考托福阅读的过程中学会从题型下手，从实例内容逐个展开分析相信就会是一个不错的办法。
那么，在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福阅读句子简化题的实例分析汇总。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Meteorite Impact
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Petroleum Resources
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Cave Art in Europe
托福阅读句子简化题实例分析：Deer Populations
托福阅读句子简化题实例分析：Electricity from Wind
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析：Opportunists and Competitors
点击索取更多托福阅读最新资料。
托福句子简化题考察要点
托福句子简化题考察要点1. 托福句子简化题难道不就是在考验你能不能像孙悟空一样火眼金睛，一眼看穿句子的核心？比如说这个句子：“The library has a vast collection of books, including rare manuscripts and modern bestsellers, which attract scholars and casual readers alike.” 简化一下，你能迅速找出重点吗？2. 托福句子简化题难道不是在逼你像个精明的侦探，从复杂的线索中找出关键？就像这个：“The artist's latest exhibition showcases a diverse range of styles, from traditional to avant-garde, captivating the audiencewith its innovation.” 你能快速理清头绪吗？3. 托福句子简化题难道不是像走迷宫，看你能不能找到正确的出口？比如“The new policy has led to significant changes in the educational system, positively influencing students' learning experiences and future prospects.” 你能顺利走出来吗？4. 托福句子简化题难道不是像解一团乱麻，看你有没有本事理清楚？像“The company's expansion plans involve opening new branches in multiple cities and in vesting in advanced technology to stay competitive.” 你能搞定这团麻吗？5. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在大海里捞珍珠，看你能不能准确抓到那颗最亮的？比如“The scientific research project requires a team ofexperts from various fields, such as physics and chemistry, to collaborateand achieve breakthroughs.” 你能捞到吗？6. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆拼图中找出关键的那几块？比如说“The historical monument has survived through centuries, bearing witness to numerous significant events and cultural shifts.” 你能找出来吗？7. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在黑暗中寻找光明的那一丝线索？就像“The musical performance was a breathtaking spec tacle, combining stunning visuals and soul-stirring melodies.” 你能找到吗？8. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在茂密的森林中找出那条正确的小路？比如“The athlete's training regime is rigorous and demanding, involving intense workouts and strict diet control.” 你能找对吗？9. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在繁星中认出最亮的那颗？像“The novel presents a complex web of characters and their interwoven stories, keeping readers engaged until the very end.” 你能认出来吗？10. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在花丛中找出最美的那一朵？比如“The city's cultural festivals attract people from all walks of life, offering a vibrant showcase of art, music, and dance.” 你能找到吗？11. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在众多音符中找出那个主旋律？比如说“The documentary provides an in-depth look at the endangered species and the efforts to protect them.” 你能找出来吗？12. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆宝石中鉴别出最珍贵的那颗？就像“The fashion show featured cutting-edge designs and bold color combinations, setting new trends in the industry.” 你能鉴别出来吗？13. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混乱的色彩中找出主色调？比如“The tourist destination is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty and rich historical heritage.” 你能找出来吗？14. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一场混乱的辩论中抓住核心观点？比如说“The educational program aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills and creativity through various interactive activities.” 你能抓住吗？15. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一场暴风雨中找到那一丝宁静的方向？就像“The charity event raised a substantial amount of funds, makinga significant di fference in the lives of those in need.” 你能找到吗？16. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在满是迷雾的道路上寻找清晰的路标？比如“The technological innovation has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.” 你能找到吗？17. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在汹涌的波涛中稳住自己的船舵？比如说“The art exhibition displayed works of emerging artists, showcasing their unique perspectives and talents.” 你能稳住吗？18. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一片嘈杂的声音中听清那关键的话语？就像“The economic report presents a comprehensive analysis of market trends and potential challenges.” 你能听清吗？19. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混沌中找到那点亮光？比如“Th e sports tournament attracted top athletes from around the world, generating intense excitement among fans.” 你能找到吗？20. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在一堆乱码中解读出真正的信息？比如说“The environmental campaign raised public awareness about the importance of conservation and sustainable p ractices.” 你能解读出来吗？。
托福阅读-句子简化题
练习题三
要点一
总结词
识别句子中的修饰成分
要点二
详细描述
练习题三要求考生识别句子中的修饰成分，如形容词、副 词、介词短语等，并理解其在句子中的作用。通过练习， 考生可以增强对句子细节的把握能力，提高对复杂句子的 理解水平。
05备考建议与总结提高阅读速度与理解能力
大量阅读
01
通过阅读英文原著、新闻、学术论文等，提高阅读速度和理解
03
句子简化题实例解析
题目展示与解析
题目
The company has a strong commitment to environmental protection, and it has taken several measures to reduce its carbon footprint.
总结词
理解句子结构
VS
详细描述
通过练习题一，考生可以加深对句子结构 的理解，掌握如何识别主语、谓语、宾语 以及从句等关键成分，从而更好地理解句 子的意义。
练习题二
总结词
提炼句子主干
详细描述
练习题二要求考生提炼句子的主干，即主谓 宾结构，从而把握句子的核心信息。通过练 习，考生可以提高快速筛选关键信息的能力， 有助于在考试中快速理解文章内容。
修饰成分分析
修饰成分分析
在提取主干后，需要分析句子的修饰成分，如定语、状语等，这些成分对句子的意义和逻辑关系起到补充和修饰 的作用。
示例
原句“The scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effects of radiation on plants.” 的修饰 成分是“to determine the effects of radiation on plants”（为了确定辐射对植物的影响），补充说明了实验 的目的。
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方托福阅读中的句子简化题也称为“变换措辞题”，是托福阅读题型的一种。
在托福阅读文章中，可能有0-1道这样的题目，每次考试总共有2到3题。
那么，在托福阅读中遇到这样的题型，应该要怎么做呢?接下来，店铺就为各位同学们带来一些解题方法，希望可以帮助大家进行新托福阅读的备考。
托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.【托福阅读】托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法解决这类题目的三种方法：第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.1. A marketer who is not so smart should be more concernedwith the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.2. It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.3. Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.4. Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.解题：首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的'重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind句子简化题又叫做释义题，即recognizingparaphrases，是新托福阅读当中比较浪费考生时间的一种题型。
该题要求用另一种表达方式表达与原句相同的意思。
只要是句子简化题，其所有的题目指令都是一样的，因此考试可以忽略阅读此指令，直接去看原文句子。
那么，应对这样类型的题目我们又该使用怎样的呢?我们为大家带来了一系列的实例解析，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Electricity from WindLarge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratorybirds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especiallyhawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines thatare ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines haspitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection againstenvironmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluatinghow serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reducethis problem. Some analysts also contend that the number of birds killed by windturbines is dwarfed by birds killed by other human-related sources and bythe potential loss of entire bird species from possible global warming. Recordeddeaths of birds of prey and other birds in wind farms in the United Statescurrently amount to no more than 300 per year. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants. (Electricity from Wind)Q：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A：○Hawks, falcons, and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines, where wind turbines can kill large numbers of migratory birds.○Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flightpatterns and therefore may interfere withthe areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt.○Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds and birds of prey.○Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thusmight create a more ideal path for the flight of migratory birds.。
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• As-因为：as he is late, he is puished. • 作为：as a doctor, he saves numerous people. • 随着：as the society develops, poverty has vanished gradually. • 像： the boy is as brave as his PAPA.
句子简化题
句子简化题(Sentence Simplification Question) (1) 句子简化题简介和提问方式
(2) 句子简化的两个层面: 语义和逻辑 (3) 常见的逻辑关系转换 ---- 四大 “ 明显 ”/ “隐含” 关系
• 否定
– 明显否定关系的特色词汇: no, not, none, never, neither, deny – 隐含否定关系的特色词汇: fail to, absent from, lack, lack of, refuse, few, little, 否定词缀less.
• 比较
– 明显比较关系的特色词汇: 同级比较\比较级 – 隐含比较关系的特色词汇:
a. “ 变化 ”: change, vary, alter, modify, revise, increase, decrease, destroy, develop, improve, progress, advance, grow, degenerate, continue, remain, stay, stable, still. b. “差异”: same, different. c. “超越”: surpass, exceed, transcend, excel
• ○Buying imported grain led to the Dutch demanding that oth er foodstuffs and consumer goods be imported. • ○Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, t hey had money available to create a demand for other food pr oducts and consumer goods. • ○Keeping the price of grain low was a primary goal of the Dut ch at a time when they could not produce enough grain to pro vide for all their needs. • ○The demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods force d the Dutch to import grain and other products at a time whe n maintaining low prices was especially important. • 2
• The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest site s has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term— the Panaramitee stylea label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panara mitee North in desert South Australia, which are covered with motifs peck ed into the surface. • 1.The oldest rock art sites have simpler motifs than the best known sites o f Panaramitee North. • 2.Because motifs primarily associated with the Panaramitee region are co mmon in the oldest sites the term Panaramitee style has become the gene ral term for rock art of this type. • 3.Because the Panaramitee style is so common in the older sites, research ers have described it most extensively. • 4.The motifs carved in the rocky surface of the Panaramitee region make u p the oldest form of rock art discovered in Australia. • 答案：(2)
b. 由……而来: come from, result from, originate, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attributable to, be responsive to. c. 反映 , 体现 : reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate. d. 考虑到…, 依赖…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to. e. 条件关系: if, when, while, as, as soon as, as long as, 虚拟条件句.
• 最高级\绝对化 明显最高级/绝对化关系的特色词汇: -est/ 比 较级 隐含最高级\绝对化关系的特色词汇: a. 自身含有最高级含义: maximum, minimum, outstanding, extreme. b. 否定加比较: nothing can be better than that c. 程 度 较 深 的 词 : surprisingly, amazingly, prohibitively(修饰价格的high)
因果 •明显因果关系的特色词汇: because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, thereby, hence, consequentlya. 表示导致含义: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, 使役动词 （let,leave,keep,help,have ), support, stimulate, spur, spark, fuel, motivate, prompt.
Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for oth er foodstuffs and consumer goods.