托福阅读TPO27句子简化题分析——题1
托福TPO27阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Crafts in the Ancient Near East Some of the earliest human civilizations arose insouthern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq,in the fourth millennium B.C.E.In the second half ofthe millennium,in the south around the city of Uruk,there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements.A largepart of that increase took place in Uruk itself,which became a real urban center surrounded bya set of secondary settlements.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agriculturalproduction of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.ButUruk’s dominant size in the entire region,far surpassing that of other settlements,indicatesthat it was a regional center and a true city.Indeed,it was the first city in human history. 一些最早的人类文明是在公元前四千年前的南美索不达米亚出现的，现在这片区域处于南伊拉克。
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。
根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一系列的托福简化题内容汇总希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Early Cinema【Paragraph 2】These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. (Early Cinema) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technologybecause it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：The Origins of Cetaceans【Paragraph 5】An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs.The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales bymoving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.(The Origins of Cetaceans)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up a nd down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence【Paragraph 1】Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts)○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.托福阅读词汇题答案：1。
长难句之状语从句
长难句之状语从句地点状语从句1.This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop where molten metal was scooped up fromthe channel and poured into molds in the holes. (TPO27-1）分析：这句话的主干是This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop，后面是由where引导的状语从句，修饰workshop.译文:这被认定是工厂的遗址。
在这里熔化的金属从水渠中要出来，然后倒入洞中的模具中.interpret 解释；说明v. remain遗迹；残骸 n. scoop 舀取v。
channel 水渠n.时间状语从句2. 。
The high quality of Roman pottery is very easy to appreciate when handling actual pieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware and amphorae （the large jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage of liquids， such as wine and oil). (TPO29-1）分析:这句话是由when引导的时间状语从句，主句是the high quality of Roman pottery is.。
.，when 从句省略了主语,括号的内容是对amphorae的解释说明.译文:当把玩古罗马陶制餐具或厨房用具和双耳陶罐（一种大型陶罐，遍及整个地中海地区，用来运输或储存酒或油之类的液体）时,人们对其良好的质量赞不绝口。
handle 触摸v. amphorae 双耳陶罐n。
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
托福阅读句子简化题的解题方法
句子简化题主要考察我们的paraphrase（在此可以简单理解为用比原文简单的语言来替换原文）的能力。
因此原文句式结构往往比较复杂，词汇相对比较高级，而且需要我们有比较强的逻辑分析能力。
正确选项往往会在句子结构，语法以及词汇上做改动，比如主动变被动，复合句变成简单句，同义词改写。
但是我们也不要被它吓到，只要我们有一定词汇基础（四级就可以），并掌握其解题技巧，正确解答此题还是不难的。
句子简化题的主要解题步骤是：
1.分析原句的逻辑关系，比如：转折，让步，递进，对比，等等。
2.扫描选项是否有对应的逻辑关系，如果不一样，立即排除该选项。
3.划出原句的核心词汇及概念，这些词往往是动作的发出者：主语，动作：谓语，以及动作的接受者：宾语。
4.把剩下的选项和原文进行快速比对，作出正确选择。
例1：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.。
tpo27托福范文
托福TPO27指的是什么呢？1。
原句讲了两个重点，一是人口估计不准，二是U这个地方的居民能自给自足。
A选项的前半正确，但后半句说不依靠农业明显是错的，不选；B说不确定是否能feed，跟原文相反，不选；C选项不但因果关系有问题，而且原因说不能feed他们自己，也与原文相反，不选；正确答案D，重点说的是能support他们自己，尽管没有说人口估计不准，但原文的转折重点体现在后半句，所以正确答案是D 2。
surpass超过，不懂的可以拆分，至少有pass，应该与超过有关，而选项中与超过有关的只有B，就算不认识也可以通过前缀ex-表明XX之外，说明与“过”有关。
A在XXX之前，C挑战D比XX持久都不沾边儿 3。
EXCEPT题，排除法。
A的permanent settlement做关键词定位至第二句，A正确，不选；B的self-sufficient自给自足作为形容词很难在原文中找到，但第一题简化句子题的那个句子中有这个信息，所以这个选项正确，不选；C的other larger settlement没讲，错，选；D选项同样出现在句子简化题的句子当中，正确，不选4。
intact未受破坏的，完整的，所以正确答案是C的undamaged。
原词in前缀表示否定，tact表示接触，碰。
代入原文，原文讲由于一些不明的原因，很多bowl被抛弃了，仍然是XXX状态，在整个近东地区发现了若干只，A没卖出去D没画上都不沾边，B没使用代入是说得通的，但原词没有unused的意思，不能选 5。
以beveled-rim bowls和专有名词做关键词定位至第五句，原句讲早期的一个考古学遗址上发现了这个style，特别具有这一过程的特点，被称为beveled-rim bowl，但仅凭此句无法选出答案，于是向下，下一句说由于是用mold做的，因此只有数目不多的standard size，所以正确答案是D。
B说形状和装饰变化很大，C说各具特色，这都不是mold能够完成的，因此与D相反，都错；A的discard原文有讲到，但原文也明确说不知道什么原因，所以unpopular错 6。
TPO-27 Reading 1解析
正确答案：D解析：高亮句的主干是scholars assume that后边的部分，即“学者们认为Uruk 城的居民能够通过城市周边的农业生产自给自足”，对应D项的表述。
Q2正确答案：B解析：surpassing，超过、越过；近义词是exceeding。
根据词汇所在句意可知Uruk城的大小远远超过其它的定居地，所以曾是地区的中心，是真正的城市。
Q3正确答案：C解析：在第一段中，A项对应第2句后半句an enormous escalation in the area；B项对应倒数第2句中的were able to support themselves from the agricultural production；D项对应倒数第2句中的of the filed surrounding the city; 排除法选C，Uruk 是当时最大的settlement (far surpassing that of other settlements)，而不是“更大的之一”。
Q4正确答案：C解析：intact，完整的，完好无损的，未受损的；近义词是undamaged。
Q5正确答案：D解析：第二段中介绍beveled-rim时说“It is a rather shallow bowl that was crudely made in a mold; hence, in only a limited number of standard sizes”，后半句说明这种碗是按照较少的几个型号生产的。
Q6正确答案：B解析：在第二段中，B项对应第2句的内容，but a small segment…started to specialize in nonagricultural tasks，正确；该段并没有提及从事非农业的专业人士有更高的社会地位，A错误；该段第4句说这种碗是“这种碗是alized ，utilitarian ，C错误。
托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-1(上)
托福阅读事实信息题合集之TPO26-1（上）托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。
本文带来的是TPO26-1的事实信息题(上)，一起来看看吧。
TPO26-1 Energy and the Industrial RevolutionParagraph 1:For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power. Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine.2: What was “the problem of energy" that had to be solved to make the Industrial Revo lution of the eighteenth century possible?○ Water and wind could not be used efficiently.○ There was no efficient way to power machinery.○ Steam engines required large amounts of coal, which was in short supply.○ Neither humans nor animals were strong enough to provide the power required for industrial application.解题：以the problem of energy做关键词定位至第二句，但这句话没有内容，于是往后看，下一句讲依靠动植物和人作为能量的来源，看完这句话最大的可能是选D，但原文没说动植物和人的能源不够，所以D不对。
托福TPO口语27文本+范文+解析
小编给考生们带来了托福TPO27口语文本，希望大家多做题，多积累、多研究，有针对性的规划考试。
托福口语TPO27 Task1(题目+解析+范文):A popular actor, musician, or artist托福TPO27口语task1题目 Question:Talk about a popular actor, musician, or artistwhose work you do notadmire.Explain why you donot like this person’s work. Use specific detailsandreasons in your response.托福TPO27口语task1范文：I’d like to talk about a Taiwanese pop singer. Thereare lots of rap partsin his songs, and this is one ofthe main reasons why I don’t like him—that I’mnot abig fan of rap music. For most of the time I don’tunderstand what he istrying to say in his songs.They simply don’t make sense to me. The other thingis that he likes to show off a lot. I mean,he boasts a lot and he is tootalkative for me to appreciate his personality. There's this onetime that Iwatched a ceremony he hosted, he almost talked the whole time, which wasevenkind of embarrassing for his partner.托福口语TPO27 Task2(题目+解析+范文):Choose a university托福口语task2题目Question:Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Parents should beinvolved in theprocess of helping their children to choose auniversity. Usespecific reasons and details in yourresponse.托福口语task2范文:As for me, I think though parents should be involved when kids are choosinga university, they should not decide which university their kid attends.Firstly, kids have their own preference and interests. I mean, by the time when they're about to attend college, they've grown into an adult, and they know how to make choices. So parents can't decide whether they attend a small college or a big one, or whether they attend college near their hometown or in a city far away from home. Secondly, kids are more likely to enjoy the life in the college they selected on their own, which is actually a good thing for their future.托福口语TPO27 Task3(听力+解析+范文):Switch to Electronic TextbooksReading Part:Switch to Electronic TextbooksThe university will begin switching from traditional-bound textbooks to electronic textbooks early nextyear. University students will be able to download thecontent of their required textbooks to a reading device and read the material directly from thedevice’sscreen. While the cost of the device is around $200, it is a one-timeexpense.Considering the rising cost of textbooks, students will save money in the long run sincepurchasing electronic books for their classes is much less expensive than buying regulartextbooks.Furthermore, the university believes the device will be an effective study aidbecause it is simple to operate and offers features such as highlighting of textandnote-taking.听力原文：Now listen to two students discussing the article.(woman) Oh, no, did you see this?(man) Yeah, why? You don’t like the idea?。
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Crafts in the Ancient Near East
Paragraph 1
Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements. A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute. But Uruk’s dominant size in the entire region, far surpassing that of other settlements, indicates that it was a regional center and a true city. Indeed, it was the first city in human history.
Q1 Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Although scholars cannot accurately determine the size of the Uruk population,
they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture.
B.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areas
just outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the city’s population
C.Because city populations cannot feed themselves, scholars think the surrounding
farms provided food for the people in Uruk
D.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselves
from produce grown in field surrounding the city.
确定句子核心信息
While population estimates are notoriously unreliable, scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city, which could be reached with a daily commute.
分析：本句是由while引导的让步状语从句（注：while出现在句中引导对比对照关系的状语从句；如出现在句首则引导让步关系的状语从句，）+主句scholars assume that…the city组成一个虽然…但是…的大结构。
主句句末有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句，该从句意图在于对前面意义完整的主句进行补充说明。
所以该句最核心的意思就是句中标红的部分。
理解大意
词汇：
notoriously 臭名昭著地
unreliable 不可靠的
assume 认为
field 田地
daily commute 每天往返
中文翻译：虽然人口估计数通常是不可靠的，但学者们认为Uruk居民可以通过每日往返城市和城市周围的田地，生产农产品来自给自足，。
核对选项
A.Although scholars cannot accurately determine the size of the Uruk population,
they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture.
A选项后半句出现与原句完全矛盾的信息：居民不是依靠农业；而原句中说到是用城市周围的田地自给自足。
B.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areas
just outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the city’s population
B选项说学者们没有足够证据证明城外的农业地区是否足够大来供给城市人口。
这是原句完全没有谈及的信息，所以错误
C.Because city populations cannot feed themselves, scholars think the surrounding
farms provided food for the people in Uruk
C选项出现一个因果关系，这是原句完全没有的信息，该选项是最容易被排掉的。
D.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselves
from produce grown in field surrounding the city.
D选项说学者们认为U城的居民能够通过长在城市周围田地里的作物供养他们自己。
意思与原句主要意思一致，所以正确。
所以该题正确选项为D
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