作业答案gai2
2021年高二寒假作业二英语含答案
I. 完形填空My mother seemed to be able to make dolls out of anything. She made some dolls for me and my two elder sisters. I 1 playing with them, but still, secretly, I hoped for a store-bought 2 like the one our rich cousin had. Her doll 3 open and close its blue glass eyes and even say "Mamma". I 4 stopped admiring it and hoping to have one.However, my dream 5 came true when I was six. One day my father came back from his business trip with three 6 dolls! They were much smaller than our cousin’s doll and their eyes were just painted ones, but I did not 7 such differences. They were 8 "store-bought"dolls. We each chose one and I named 9 Misako.Soon my sisters and I became devoted 10 . Our "children" kept us 11 all day. We gave them a bath, 12 them, brushed their hair, took them out for a walk and put them to bed. Several months later, they got more like real children — their 13 and bodies became dirtier;their dresses got stained; their hair less smooth.But, by then, 14 interests seemed to have moved into 15 toys.Their dolls were abandoned and in bad condition. One had 16 one of her arms, and 17 was one-legged. "You can 18 them if you want," my sisters said to me. Thus, I had 19 dolls. They were more or less handicapped (残疾) and they often looked at me as if they needed me to 20 them. I enjoyed this feeling of being needed — being theonly one in the world who could protect them with a lot of love. Indeed,they made the rest of my childhood days very happy.1. A. wanted B. expected C. hopedD. enjoyed2. A. doll B. toy C. girlD. baby3. A. might B. should C. couldD. dared4. A. often B. never C.sometimes D. seldom5. A. immediately B. firstly C. hardlyD. finally6. A. beautiful B. lovely C. store-boughtD. new7. A. care about B. care for C. think aboutD. worry about8. A. total B. real C. likeD. true9. A. my B. one C. them D.mine10. A. sisters B. fathers C. friendsD. mothers11. A. free B. busy C. hard D.tired12. A. wore B. put on C. dressedD. wash13. A. faces B. legs C. armsD. hands14. A. my B. their C. my sisters’ D.my doll’s15. A. Tiny B. different C. curiousD. humorous16. A. lost B. wounded C. cut D.damaged17. A. the other B. another C. itD. other18. A. look out for B. take care of C. pay attention toD. have a look at19. A. two B. few C. manyD. three20. A. teach B. feed C. satisfyD. helpII. 单项填空21. A quarter of the locals in this area ________ no access to healthservice.A. is reported havingB. is reported to haveC. are reported to have hadD. are reported to have22. All the preparations for the task ________, we are ready to start .A. had been pletedB. have been pletedC. pletedD. plete23. As the clock struck nine, players ________ their positions and the match began.A. stood upB. took upC. made upD.set up24. The boy ________ Steve, who often helps others, ________ Lei Feng in our school.A. whose name is; paring withB. calling; is pared toC. who called; pared toD. with the name; is pared to25. —Why are you late?—We were ________ because the road was under construction and we had to take another road.A.held upB. held onC. held outD. held back26. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they need________ to them quickly and cheaply.A. to deliverB. deliverC. deliveringD. delivered27. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.A. Determining; remainedB. Determined; remainingC. Determined; leftD. Determining; leaving28. ________ in the newspaper, Lina will win the Super Girl Contest.A. It's reportedB. Which is reportedC. It's reportingD. As is reported29. There’s a saying in China ________ people with the same family namewere brothers and sisters 500 years ago.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where30.The project, ________ by the end of 2013, will expand the city’stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A.acplishedB. being acplishedC. to be acplishedD. having been acplished31. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ________.A. having fully acceptedB. fully acceptedC. fullyaccepting D. being fully accepted32. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared, who ________ have takenit?A. shouldB. mustC. couldD.would33. We should treat the subject seriously. Don’t ________ it, or we couldlose our jobs.A. make the best ofB. make jokes aboutC. take advantage ofD. get hold of34. Those old soldiers never laugh or smile and try to appear very serious________ what they are ________ is very funny.A. as though; making fun ofB. even if; looking onC. even though; talking aboutD. in case; laughing at35. Don’t ________ more work than you can do, or you will ________.A. take over; break inB. take on; break downC. take over; break offD. take on; break in36. It was in the house by the sea ________ he used to live ________ wemet again unexpectedly.A. where; thatB. that; whereC. which; thatD. where; where37. The ________ description of China in his journal attracted manyEuropeans to the ancient country at that time.A. freshB. vividC. clearD. natural38. One of the greatest benefits of stamp－collecting is that they are basedon mon interests，________ appearance，age or wealth.A. other thanB. or ratherC. rather thanD. more than39. There were two boys in the lab, ________ did the experiment successfully.A. the clever of whomB. the cleverer or whomC. the clever of themD. the more clever ofthem40. It ________ Sunday, I didn’t need to go to work. .I tidied all thecupboards of my apartments.A. beingB. isC. to beD. been41. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take somemedicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered42. ________ Lucy and Tom, I have two more close friends at school.Whichone is wrong?A. ExceptB. BesidesC. In additionto D. Apart from43. ________, you'll never be able to persuade him.A. However hard may you tryB. Try however hard you mayC. Hard as you may tryD. Try hard as you may44. I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ________ I pickedup the phone.A. the instantB. afterC. beforeD. while45. — Do you think that housing price will keep ________ in the years toe?— Sorry, I have no idea.A. lifting upB. going upC. bringing upD. growing up46. The moment their idol took the floor, the excited fans ________ thunderous applause.A. ran intoB. burst intoC. came intoD. turned into47. — Jack, Jane seems unhappy?—Don’t worry, a funny story will ________ her.A. amuseB. meetC. teaseD. fool48. To improve their oral English, everyone in the class is supposed to________ actively in these discussions.A. participateB. attendC. enterD. take49. The doctor advised me to live ________ the air is fresher.A. in whereB. in whichC. whereD. the place where50. It’ll be one or two days ________ I ________ back to my hometown.A. when; will eB. after; will eC. since; eD. before; e51. There is nothing more I can try ________ you to stay, so I wish yougood luck.A. persuadingB. being persuadedC. to be persuadedD.to persuade52. After his retirement, the first thing he does every morning is ________plenty of exercise.A. to takeB. takingC. takeD.to be taken53. Experts have found that the disease will lead to a greater increasein the number of sufferers unless ________ seriously when the symptomfirst appears.A. treatedB. to be treatedC. being treatedD. be treated54. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ________, infact, there were 40.A. whileB. whetherC. whatD. which55. He told us sadly that more than one person ________ in the case.A. involvedB. had involvedC. was involvedD. were involvedIII. 阅读理解AAnthony Horowitz was miserable as child. He was, as he put it, “not very bright” and couldn’t win the attention of his very wealthy parents, who pref erred his “clever” older brother. At age 8, Horowitz was sent away to an abusive boarding school in his native England, even though he screamed and pleaded(恳求) with his parents year after year not to send him. “The thought was, ‘It’ll be good for him,’” he recalled.It was not. Horowitz did badly in his studies, had few friends and was bullied for five years. “My teachers couldn't have had a lower opinion of me,” he said. “I wasn't even smart enough to rebel. The one thing I remember from the very earliest age was this desire to write. When I was 10 years old, I remember asking my parents to get me a typewriter for my birthday because I wanted to be a writer.”Now, at age of 55, Horowitz is one of the world's most successful children's book authors. His Alex Rider series has sold more than 5 million copies, and the eighth book featuring the young spy, Crocodile Tears, came out this month.The Alex Rider books tell the adventures of 14-year-old Alex Rider, anagent for the British intelligence agency M16.Horowitz said he doesn't try to write for kids; it just es out that way. “I have a feeling it's to do with purity and simplicity. I give as little information as is necessary to describe the room, the character in the room, and get on with the action,” he s aid.The style has also made Horowitz a successful writer of television shows for adults in Britain because, he says, writing books for kids is a lot like writing television for grown-ups: In both cases, it's all about entertaining people with a good story.Now, Horowitz couldn't be happier with his life. He sums up his success: “…you can be anything you want to be if you just believe in yourself.I do believe it pletely.”56. In the boarding school, Horowitz’s teachers ________.A. thought little about his abilityB. showed great concern for himC. taught him how to write storiesD. often criticized him57. Which of the following is true of Anthony Horowitz?A. He was the beloved child of his family.B. He benefited a lot from boarding school.C. He emphasizes the plot rather than characters in stories.D. Although he is successful, he isn’t very happy.58. What advice does Horowitz have for readers?A. Interest is the best teacher.B. Hardship teaches valuable lessons.C. Confidence is the key to success.D. Industry is the parent of success.59. In which section can you most probably read the passage?A. Campus TrendsB. Culture & LeisureC. Our WorldD. Science LifeBMini Book Excerpts（节选）BiographyWhen Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.J. D. Salinger：A Life by Kenneth Slawenski（Random House,$27）Mystery“You’re a smart boy. Benny’s death was no accident, and you’re the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it ? ” The boy was staring stubbornly (固执地；倔强地) at his lap again.A thought suddenly occurred to Annika, “Did you …You recognized the man in the car, didn’t you?”The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers, “Maybe,” he said quietly.Red Wolf by Liza Marklund（Atria Books, $25. 99）Short StoriesShe wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class: Somewomen are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give , and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they don’t want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won’t. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t.You Are Free by Danzy Senna（Riverhead Books,$15）HumorDo your kids like to have fun? e to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times!’s “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half of that within a day’s drive of most cities?Happy: And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle （Ecco,$14. 99）60. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by ________.A. EccoB. Random HouseC.Riverhead Books D. Atria Books61. The book Happy :And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for ________.A. young childrenB. Disney World workersC. middle school teachersD. parents with young children62. Which book describes women with characters of their own?A. You Are FreeB. J. D. Salinger: A LifeC. Happy: And Other Bad ThoughtsD. Red Wolf63. After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that ________.A. the murderer got away with the crimeB. Benny died of an accidentC. the boy helped arrest the murdererD. Annika carried out the crimeCI must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the easy carelessness of youth. But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years later, and ever since have been of great value to me.Carl Walter was my piano teacher. During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing. I said three or four hours a day."Do you practice in long stretches, an hour at a time?""I try to.""Well, don't," he exclaimed. "When you grow up, time won't e in long stretches. Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will bee a part of your life."When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and mittee meetings filled my days and evenings. For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said. During the nextweek I conducted an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal method. Though my teaching schedule had bee heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use. I even took up piano—playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice.There is an important trick in this time—using formula: you must get into your work quickly. If you have but five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time es. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize.I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the fiveor ten minutes. But life can be counted on to supply interruptions. Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life. To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hoursI need, if I plunge（投入）in without delay.64. The meaning of “stretch” in the underlined part is the same as that in sentence “________”.A. Bob worked as a government official for a stretch of over twenty years.B. The forests in the north of the province stretch for hundreds of miles.C. My family wasn’t wealthy by any stretch of the imagination.D. During his senior year his earnings far enough to buy an old car.65. We can infer that the writer ________.A. has new books published each year however busy his teaching isB. is always tired of interruptions in life because his teaching scheduleis always heavyC. has formed a bad habit of chewing a pencil while writing his novelsD. can find sufficient time for mental preparations beforehand, so he'sdevoted to work instantly66. What is the best title of this passage?A. Concentrate on Your WorkB. A Little at aTimeC. How I Became a WriterD. Good Advice Is Most ValuableDThe interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may decide whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your purpose during the interview may differ from that of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewer’s task is not to embarrass you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job-hunting is very petitive. Anything you can do to improveyour interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer won’t know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Don’t say anything bad about your former employers. If you have been fired from a job and the interview asks about it, be honest.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the pany by asking questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and benefits of the job you are interviewing for.If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a showof confidence, and you many have much to gain. It may be real, or it maybe a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and have pleted the paperwork.67. To get the job you want, during the interview you should ________.A. avoid the interviewer’s questions that are designed to embarrass youB. remember that you are the bestC. make yourself stand out as the right person for the jobD. tell yourself that you want to get the job68. If you did not get along with your former employer, you ________.A. should tell a lie to the interviewerB. should not speak ill of himC. should refer to him in a factual mannerD. should never mention it69. The underlined word “adverse” in the sixth paragraph can be replaced by ________.A. difficultB. friendlyC. oppositeD. different70. The passage is mainly about ________.A. how to make your strengths understoodB. how to show your interest in the jobC. how to be frank and sincereD. how to deal with an interviewIV. 任务型阅读Of the hundreds of self-change techniques that have been suggested over the centuries, perhaps only a dozen are totally different. Researchers have tried to see which ones work best.Three techniques deserve special mention: they’re powerful, simple and easy to learn.What’s more, individuals who have made successful changes in their lives—changes in eating habits, career paths, coping strategies, and so on—often rely on one or more of the three techniques.To get yourself started in a new direction, try the Three M’s:Modify your environmentPeople who have never tried this are astonished by the enormous effect it often has. I’ve known several people who have overe nail-biting simply by buying 50 nail files and distributing them everywhere: in their pockets, their desks and their bedrooms. With a nail file always within reach, they tended to groom rather than bite. To change yourself, change your world.Monitor your behaviorI’ve been reading research studies on self-monitoring for 20 years, and I’ve conducted some myself. The fact is, if you monitor what you do, you’ll probably do better.A study by Canadian researchers showed that teenagers arrived more promptly at a swim practice when they were given an attendance sheet to record their arrival times. Sonya Carr and Rebecca Punzo reported that self-monitoring improves academic performance of emotionally disturbed children in reading, mathematics and spelling. Dozens of studies have similar results, all inspired by heightening our awareness of our behavior.Make mitmentsWhen you mit yourself to another person, you establish a possibility of reinforcement (后效强化)；you’ve automatically arranged for a reward if you stick to it and a punishment if you don’t. It puts some pressure on you, and that’s often just what you need.For instance, if you want to exercise more, arrange to do it with a friend. If you don’t show up, your friend will get angry, and that may be just the ticket to keeping you punctual(准时的). In 1994 Dana Putnam and other researchers showed that patients who made written mitments were far morelikely to take prescribed medicine than patients who hadn’t.There’s good news here for all of us. We can meet many of the demands and overe many of the challenges of life with simple skills that anyone can master an d that don’t require willpower---in other words, with skill, not will.Change your bad habits to goodParagraphoutlineSupporting detailsIntroduction[·Most of self-change techniques that have beensuggested before are ( 71 )________.·People who are ( 72 ) ________in making changes intheir lives often rely on one or more of the Three M’s.Modify your ( 73 ) ________·Those who have never tried this method can( 74 ) ________enormously from it.·Several people have overe nail-biting with a nail file always( 75 ) ________reach.(76)________your behavior ·If you monitor what you do, you are very( 77 )________to do better.·The more you bee( 78 ) ________of what you’re doing, the better you will perform.Make mitments·mitting yourself to someone else will pressure you tocarry it out, which helps reward yourself.·The patients who made written mitmentsprobably( 79 )________medicine as instructed by doctors.Conclusion Anyone can satisfy most of his demands and overe mostof the challenges with simple skills(80 ) ________ thangreat willpower.V. 单词拼写81. The streets here are so narrow that they are often c___________ withvehicles and people.82. He realized his mistake and stood there, his head b___________ in shame.83. Harry d___________ off before she had a chance to thank him.84. An angry crowd b___________ through the lines of police and into thestreet.85.He spent all day fishing but only returned home e___________.86. Why does the media present such a n___________ view of this wonderfulcity?87. If you send the application form in straight away, I can g___________you an interview.88. My i___________ reaction was to turn down the invitation, but on secondthoughts I accepted it.89. We will have handy robots and puters to a__________ us with the thingsthat are boring.90. To keep healthy, he followed the doctor’s advice and q _smoking.91. The photo reminds me of the various h____________ we suffered duringthose hard times.92. I can’t p____________ when to meet you again.93. I can still v___________ remember the day when we first met each other,94. I’m still u _about what to do next. Could you help me?95. As soon as they arrived at the hospital, they h__________ directly for the doctor’s office.96. He smokes up to a ___________ (最大值) of ten cigarettes a day.97.I would a__________ (感激) it if you tell me when we will have the meeting.98. We study in a school with tall trees and beautiful flowers___________(围绕) us.99. They are discouraged from being close friends with ___________(外国人).100. The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram ___________（命令, 指示）him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.高二年级寒假作业英语（二）参考答案I. 完形填空 1---5 DACBD 6---10 CABDD 11---15 BCACB 16---20 AABDDII. 单项填空 21---25 DCBDA 26---30 DBDAC 31---35 DCBCB 36---40 ABCBA 41---45 CACAB 46---50 BAACD 51---55 DCAACIII. 阅读理解56---59 ACCB60---63 BDAC 64---66 ADB 67----70 CBADIV. 任务型阅读71.similar 72. successful 73. environment 74. benefit 75. within76. Monitor 77. likely 78. aware/conscious79. took 80. ratherV. 单词拼写81. crowded 82. bowed 83. dashed 84. burst85. empty-handed86. negative 87. guarantee 88. initial 89. assist 90. quit/ted91.hardships 92. predict 93. vividly 94. unsure/uncertain95. headed96. maximum 97. appreciate 98. surrounding 99. foreigners 100. instructing C ^30776 7838 砸38728 9748 靈36495 8E8F 躏37304 91B8 醸27927 6D17 洗36942 904E 過20421 4FC5 俅22292 5714 圔40429 9DED 鷭S25248 62A0 抠e。
英语12 作业2答案新版
英语I(2)作业2答案（新版）第一部分交际用语(共计10分，每小题2分)1-5题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1. A2. B3. B4. A5. A第二部分词汇与结构（共计40分，每小题2分）6-25题：阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
6. Sally is looking for a new job. She has been bored ______ her job as a secretary.A. byB. fromC. withSally正在寻找新工作。
她对她的秘书工作已经厌烦了。
be bored with 是固定的搭配7. A: ______ my glasses?B: Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you seeB. Would you seeC. Have you seenA问：你看见我的眼镜了吗？B答：看见了，一分钟前我还看见它在你的床上。
问“看见…了吗”不能用一般现在时，因为一般现在时是用来说经常的、定期发生的事或动作，而这里只是一次性的事，所以用完成时，而B选项是过去将来时。
8. An application form will be sent to you _____.A. on requestB. on a requestC. in request一经要求，将给你寄出一份申请表。
on request 是固定词组，意思是“一经要求就…”9. I was watching TV ______ the telephone rang.A. whileB. whenC. since电话铃响时，我正在看电。
when 表示“当…的时候”。
10. They named the island _______ its discoverer.A. afterB. inC. to他们以发现这个岛的人的名字来命名它。
高二英语暑假作业二附答案
暑假英语作业二第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What time does the museum close on Sunday?A. At 3:00 pm.B. At 4:00 pm.C. At 5:00 pm..2. What does the man mean?A. He is willing to help out.B. He has his hands full.C. He almost loses the suitcase.3. What is the man persuading the woman to do ?A. Have less meat.B. Buy him a burger.C. Eat out with him.4．How will the woman probably go to the gallery?A．By bus． B . By subway. C．By car．5．In what aspect(方面) is the man weak in Chinese?A．Reading . B．Writing . C．Speaking.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What does the man think of the horror movies?A. Exciting.B. Frightening.C. Boring.7. What new hobby will the woman start?A. skiing.B.Reading.C. Playing music.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
棉花GbGAI2启动子克隆及表达分析
１中国热带农 业科 学院热 带 生物技 术研 究所 ．海 南海 口 ５ １０ ７ １１
２海 南大 学农 学 院 ．海 南儋 州 ５ １ ３ ７７７ ３石 河子 大学 ．新 疆石 河子 ８ ２ ０ ３０３
摘 要 通 过 染 色 体 步 移方 法 获 得 棉 花 Ｇ Ｇ Ｉ ｂ Ａ ２基 因 的上 游 ２ ７ Ｄ启 动 子 序 列 ，并 对 其 进 行 生 物 信 息 学 分 析 。 将 ８ｂ ３
基 在 棉 纤 维 发 育 的起 始 时 期 起 到重 要 作 州 目前 ．已 克 隆 并 初 步 鉴 定 了 ２个 棉 花 中 的 Ｄ Ｌ Ａ 蛋 白 ＥＬ
ＧＲ Ｕ ｈ Ｇ 硼和Ｇ Ｓ Ｒｌｌ ，Ｇ Ｒ Ｌ在 开花 后 １ 达 量 最高 ．说 明它 可 能对 棉 花纤 维 的伸 长起 到 一定 的作 ｈＬ ｂ“ ｈ Ｇ ： ０ｄ表
第 ３ １卷
第 ８期
热 带 作 物 学 报
Ｃ ＮＥ Ｅ ＯＵＲＮＡ ＯＦ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｃ ＨＩ Ｓ Ｊ Ｌ ＲＯ Ｉ ＡＬ ＲＯＰ Ｓ
ＶＩ ｌ Ｎ ． ｏ＿ ｏ８ ３ Ａ ｇ２ １ ｕ ．０ ０
２ １ 年 ８ 月 ００
棉花 Ｇ Ｇ Ｉ ｂ Ａ ２启 动子 克 隆及 表 达 分 析
长、花 及果 实发 育等 诸 多方 面有 着影 响 ． ｒｖ ｓ 究 指 出 ．无 论在 完整 植株 上 ，还 是在 离体 培养 条 件下 ， Ｇ ａｅ 研 棉纤 维 细胞 的启 动都 需 要激 素 的刺 激 。其 中赤 霉 素在 诱 导单 纤维 细 胞 产生 和伸 长 中具 有重要 作 用ｌ ｌ Ａ Ｉ 。Ｇ Ｉ
ｄ ｉ １． ６￣ｉ ｎ１０ — ５ １ ０ ００ ． ７ ｏ ０３ ９ ．ｓ．００ ２ ６ ． １． ０ ９ ｓ ２ ８０
2021年高二寒假作业二英语含答案
2021年⾼⼆寒假作业⼆英语含答案I. 完形填空My mother seemed to be able to make dolls out of anything. She made some dolls for me and my two elder sisters. I 1 playing with them, but still, secretly, I hoped for a store-bought 2 like the one our rich cousin had. Her doll 3 open and close its blue glass eyes and even say "Mamma". I 4 stopped admiring it and hoping to have one.However, my dream 5 came true when I was six. One day my father came back from his business trip with three 6 dolls! They were much smaller than our cousin’s doll and their eyes were just painted ones, but I did not 7 such differences. They were 8 "store-bought"dolls. We each chose one and I named 9 Misako.Soon my sisters and I became devoted 10 . Our "children" kept us 11 all day. We gave them a bath, 12 them, brushed their hair, took them out for a walk and put them to bed. Several months later, they got more like real children — their 13 and bodies became dirtier;their dresses got stained; their hair less smooth.But, by then, 14 interests seemed to have moved into 15 toys.Their dolls were abandoned and in bad condition. One had 16 one of her arms, and 17 was one-legged. "You can 18 them if you want," my sisters said to me. Thus, I had 19 dolls. They were more or less handicapped (残疾) and they often looked at me as if they needed me to 20 them. I enjoyed this feeling of being needed — being theonly one in the world who could protect them with a lot of love. Indeed,they made the rest of my childhood days very happy.1. A. wanted B. expected C. hopedD. enjoyed2. A. doll B. toy C. girlD. baby3. A. might B. should C. couldD. dared4. A. often B. never C.sometimes D. seldom5. A. immediately B. firstly C. hardlyD. finally6. A. beautiful B. lovely C. store-boughtD. new7. A. care about B. care for C. think aboutD. worry about8. A. total B. real C. likeD. true9. A. my B. one C. them D.mine10. A. sisters B. fathers C. friendsD. mothers11. A. free B. busy C. hard D.tired12. A. wore B. put on C. dressedD. wash13. A. faces B. legs C. armsD. hands14. A. my B. their C. my sisters’ D.my doll’s15. A. Tiny B. different C. curiousD. humorous16. A. lost B. wounded C. cut D.damaged17. A. the other B. another C. itD. other18. A. look out for B. take care of C. pay attention toD. have a look at19. A. two B. few C. manyD. three20. A. teach B. feed C. satisfyD. helpII. 单项填空21. A quarter of the locals in this area ________ no access to healthservice.A. is reported havingB. is reported to haveC. are reported to have hadD. are reported to have22. All the preparations for the task ________, we are ready to start .A. had been pletedB. have been pletedC. pletedD. plete23. As the clock struck nine, players ________ their positions and the match began.D.set up24. The boy ________ Steve, who often helps others, ________ Lei Feng in our school.A. whose name is; paring withB. calling; is pared toC. who called; pared toD. with the name; is pared to25. —Why are you late?—We were ________ because the road was under construction and we had to take another road.A.held upB. held onC. held outD. held back26. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they need________ to them quickly and cheaply.A. to deliverB. deliverC. deliveringD. delivered27. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.A. Determining; remainedB. Determined; remainingC. Determined; leftD. Determining; leaving28. ________ in the newspaper, Lina will win the Super Girl Contest.A. It's reportedB. Which is reportedC. It's reportingD. As is reported29. There’s a saying in China ________ people with the same family namewere brothers and sisters 500 years ago.A. that30.The project, ________ by the end of 2013, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A.acplishedB. being acplishedC. to be acplishedD. having been acplished31. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ________.A. having fully acceptedB. fully acceptedC. fullyaccepting D. being fully accepted32. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared, who ________ have taken it?A. shouldB. mustC. couldD.would33. We should treat the subject seriously. Don’t ________ it, or we couldlose our jobs.A. make the best ofB. make jokes aboutC. take advantage ofD. get hold of34. Those old soldiers never laugh or smile and try to appear very serious________ what they are ________ is very funny.A. as though; making fun ofB. even if; looking onC. even though; talking aboutD. in case; laughing at35. Don’t ________ more work than you can do, or you will ________.A. take over; break inB. take on; break downC. take over; break offD. take on; break in36. It was in the house by the sea ________ he used to live ________ we met again unexpectedly.A. where; thatB. that; whereC. which; thatD. where; where37. The ________ description of China in his journal attracted many Europeans to the ancient country at that time.A. freshB. vividC. clearD. natural38. One of the greatest benefits of stamp－collecting is that they are basedon mon interests，________ appearance，age or wealth.A. other thanB. or ratherC. rather thanD. more than39. There were two boys in the lab, ________ did the experiment successfully.A. the clever of whomB. the cleverer or whomC. the clever of themD. the more clever ofthem40. It ________ Sunday, I didn’t need to go to work. .I tidied all the cupboards of my apartments.A. beingB. isC. to beD. been41. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.B. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered42. ________ Lucy and Tom, I have two more close friends at school.Whichone is wrong?A. ExceptB. BesidesC. In additionto D. Apart from43. ________, you'll never be able to persuade him.A. However hard may you tryB. Try however hard you mayC. Hard as you may tryD. Try hard as you may44. I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ________ I pickedup the phone.A. the instantB. afterC. beforeD. while45. — Do you think that housing price will keep ________ in the years toe?— Sorry, I have no idea.A. lifting upB. going upC. bringing upD. growing up46. The moment their idol took the floor, the excited fans ________ thunderous applause.A. ran intoB. burst intoC. came intoD. turned into47. — Jack, Jane seems unhappy?—Don’t worry, a funny story will ________ her.B. meetC. teaseD. fool48. To improve their oral English, everyone in the class is supposed to ________ actively in these discussions.A. participateB. attendC. enterD. take49. The doctor advised me to live ________ the air is fresher.A. in whereB. in whichC. whereD. the place where50. It’ll be one or two days ________ I ________ back to my hometown.A. when; will eB. after; will eC. since; eD. before; e51. There is nothing more I can try ________ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. persuadingB. being persuadedC. to be persuadedD.to persuade52. After his retirement, the first thing he does every morning is ________ plenty of exercise.A. to takeB. takingC. takeD.to be taken53. Experts have found that the disease will lead to a greater increasein the number of sufferers unless ________ seriously when the symptomfirst appears.A. treatedB. to be treatedC. being treatedD. be treated54. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ________, infact, there were 40.A. whileB. whetherC. whatD. which55. He told us sadly that more than one person ________ in the case.A. involvedB. had involvedC. was involvedD. were involvedIII. 阅读理解AAnthony Horowitz was miserable as child. He was, as he put it, “not very bright” and couldn’t win the attention of his very wealthy parents, who pr eferred his “clever” older brother. At age 8, Horowitz was sent away to an abusive boarding school in his native England, even though he screamed and pleaded(恳求) with his parents year after year not to send him. “The thought was, ‘It’ll be good for him,’” he recalled.It was not. Horowitz did badly in his studies, had few friends and was bullied for five years. “My teachers couldn't have had a lower opinion of me,” he said. “I wasn't even smart enough to rebel. The one thing I remember from the very earliest age was this desire to write. When I was 10 years old, I remember asking my parents to get me a typewriter for my birthday because I wanted to be a writer.”Now, at age of 55, Horowitz is one of the world's most successful children's book authors. His Alex Rider series has sold more than 5 million copies, and the eighth book featuring the young spy, Crocodile Tears, came out this month.The Alex Rider books tell the adventures of 14-year-old Alex Rider, anagent for the British intelligence agency M16.Horowitz said he doesn't try to write for kids; it just es out that way. “I have a feeling it's to do with purity and simplicity. I give as little information as is necessary to describe the room, the character in the room, and get on with the action,” he said.The style has also made Horowitz a successful writer of television shows for adults in Britain because, he says, writing books for kids is a lot like writing television for grown-ups: In both cases, it's all about entertaining people with a good story.Now, Horowitz couldn't be happier with his life. He sums up his success: “…you can be anything you want to be if you just believe in yourself.I do believe it pletely.”56. In the boarding school, Horowitz’s teachers ________.A. thought little about his abilityB. showed great concern for himC. taught him how to write storiesD. often criticized him57. Which of the following is true of Anthony Horowitz?A. He was the beloved child of his family.B. He benefited a lot from boarding school.C. He emphasizes the plot rather than characters in stories.D. Although he is successful, he isn’t very happy.58. What advice does Horowitz have for readers?A. Interest is the best teacher.B. Hardship teaches valuable lessons.C. Confidence is the key to success.D. Industry is the parent of success.59. In which section can you most probably read the passage?A. Campus TrendsB. Culture & LeisureC. Our WorldD. Science LifeBMini Book Excerpts（节选）BiographyWhen Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land, the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the neighboring area to protect it… The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor. J. D. Salinger：A Life by Kenneth Slawenski（Random House,$27）Mystery“You’re a smart boy. Benny’s death was no accident, and you’re the only one who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it ? ” The boy was staring stubbornly (固执地；倔强地) at his lap again.A thought suddenly occurred to Annika, “Did you …You recognized the man in the car, didn’t you?”The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers, “Maybe,” he said quietly.Red Wolf by Liza Marklund（Atria Books, $25. 99）Short StoriesShe wants to say to him what she has learned, none of it in class: Somewomen are born stupid, and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give , and some women only know how to take. Some wome n learn who they want to be from their mothers, some who they don’t want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won’t. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t.You Are Free by Danzy Senna（Riverhead Books,$15）HumorDo your kids like to have fun? e to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times!’s “amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can spend less than half of that within a day’s drive of most cities?Happy: And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle （Ecco,$14. 99）60. If the readers want to know about the life of Salinger, they should buy the book published by ________.A. EccoB. Random HouseC.Riverhead Books D. Atria Books61. The book Happy :And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for ________.A. young childrenB. Disney World workersC. middle school teachersD. parents with young children62. Which book describes women with characters of their own?A. You Are FreeB. J. D. Salinger: A LifeC. Happy: And Other Bad ThoughtsD. Red Wolf63. After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that ________.A. the murderer got away with the crimeB. Benny died of an accidentC. the boy helped arrest the murdererD. Annika carried out the crimeCI must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the easy carelessness of youth. But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years later, and ever since have been of great value to me.Carl Walter was my piano teacher. During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing. I said three or four hours a day."Do you practice in long stretches, an hour at a time?""I try to.""Well, don't," he exclaimed. "When you grow up, time won't e in long stretches. Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will bee a part of your life."When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and mittee meetings filled my days and evenings. For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said. During the nextweek I conducted an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal method. Though my teaching schedule had bee heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use. I even took up piano—playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice.There is an important trick in this time—using formula: you must get into your work quickly. If you have but five minutes forwriting, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time es. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize.I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the fiveor ten minutes. But life can be counted on to supply interruptions. Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life. To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hoursI need, if I plunge（投⼊）in without delay.64. The meaning of “stretch” in the underlined part is the same as that in sentence “________”.A. Bob worked as a government official for a stretch of over twenty years.B. The forests in the north of the province stretch for hundreds of miles.C. My family wasn’t wealthy by any stretch of the imagination.D. During his senior year his earnings far enough to buy an old car.65. We can infer that the writer ________.A. has new books published each year however busy his teaching isB. is always tired of interruptions in life because his teaching scheduleis always heavyC. has formed a bad habit of chewing a pencil while writing his novelsD. can find sufficient time for mental preparations beforehand, so he'sdevoted to work instantly66. What is the best title of this passage?A. Concentrate on Your WorkB. A Little at aTimeC. How I Became a WriterD. Good Advice Is Most ValuableDThe interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may decide whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your purpose during the interview may differ from that of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewer’s task is not to embarrass you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job-hunting is very petitive. Anything you can do to improveyour interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job. Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer won’t know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Do n’t say anything bad about your former employers. If you have been fired from a job and the interview asks about it, be honest.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the pany by asking questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and benefits of the job you are interviewing for.If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a showof confidence, and you many have much to gain. It may be real, or it maybe a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and have pleted the paperwork.67. To get the job you want, during the interview you should ________.A. avoid the interviewer’s questions that are designed to embarrass youB. remember that you are the bestC. make yourself stand out as the right person for the jobD. tell yourself that you want to get the job68. If you did not get along with your former employer, you ________.A. should tell a lie to the interviewerB. should not speak ill of himC. should refer to him in a factual mannerD. should never mention it69. The underlined word “adverse” in the sixth paragra ph can be replaced by ________.A. difficultB. friendlyC. oppositeD. different70. The passage is mainly about ________.A. how to make your strengths understoodB. how to show your interest in the jobC. how to be frank and sincereD. how to deal with an interviewIV. 任务型阅读Of the hundreds of self-change techniques that have been suggested over the centuries, perhaps only a dozen are totally different. Researchers have tried to see which ones work best.Three technique s deserve special mention: they’re powerful, simple and easy to learn.What’s more, individuals who have made successful changes in their lives—changes in eating habits, career paths, coping strategies, and so on—often rely on one or more of the three techniques.To get yourself started in a new direction, try the Three M’s:Modify your environmentPeople who have never tried this are astonished by the enormous effect it often has. I’ve known several people who have overe nail-biting simply by buying 50 nail files and distributing them everywhere: in their pockets, their desks and their bedrooms. With a nail file always within reach, they tended to groom rather than bite. To change yourself, change your world.Monitor your behaviorI’ve been reading researc h studies on self-monitoring for 20 years, and I’ve conducted some myself. The fact is, if youmonitor what you do, you’ll probably do better.A study by Canadian researchers showed that teenagers arrived more promptly at a swim practice when they were given an attendance sheet to record their arrival times. Sonya Carr and Rebecca Punzo reported that self-monitoring improves academic performance of emotionally disturbed children in reading, mathematics and spelling. Dozens of studies have similar results, all inspired by heightening our awareness of our behavior.Make mitmentsWhen you mit yourself to another person, you establish a possibility of reinforcement (后效强化)；you’ve automatically arranged for a reward if you stick to it and a punishment if you don’t. It puts some pressure on you, and that’s often just what you need.For instance, if you want to exercise more, arrange to do it with a friend. If you don’t show up, your friend will get angry, and that may be just the ticket to keeping you punctual(准时的). In 1994 Dana Putnam and other researchers showed that patients who made written mitments were far morelikely to take prescribed medicine than patients who hadn’t.There’s good news here for all of us. We can meet many of the demands and overe many of the challenges of life with simple skills that anyone can master an d that don’t require willpower---in other words, with skill, not will.Change your bad habits to goodParagraphoutlineSupporting detailsIntroduction[·Most of self-change techniques that have beensuggested before are ( 71 )________.·People who are ( 72 ) ________in making changes intheir lives often rely on one or more of the Three M’s.Modify your ( 73 ) ________·Those who have never tried this method can( 74 ) ________enormously from it.·Several people have overe nail-biting with a nail file always( 75 ) ________reach.(76)________your behavior ·If you monitor what you do, you are very( 77 )________to do better.·The more you bee( 78 ) ________of what you’re doing, the better you will perform.Make mitments·mitting yourself to someone else will pressure you tocarry it out, which helps reward yourself.·The patients who made written mitmentsprobably( 79 )________。
新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解_and_单元测试答案(全)之欧阳治创编
新概念英语第二册课后习题答案详解Lesson 11. b选b最为正确。
因为a.d.都与课文内容不符合，也不合乎逻辑；c.的意思是“他们没有注意他”，而作者的意图并不是想让他们注意他，而是想让他们停止谈话。
所以选b. 最能表达作者当时心里的感受。
2．c其余3个答案都与原句意思不符合。
3．b因为a. to 不对，可以是He went to the theatre;c. into 也不对，可以是He went into the theatre;d. on更不符合语法，表示在某一个地方用介词in 或at, in 表示在大的空间，如国家，城市等，at 则表示在小的地点或空间，如atthe office, at the theatre 等, 所以选b.是正确的。
4．db. above(在……上方)；c. ahead of (在……的前面，在……之前)不和behind 对应，也不强调位置的前后顺序。
a. before 和 d. infront of 都是和behind对应的，都有“在……前面”的意思。
但in front of 更具体的强调位置，而before则包含更宽泛的意思，即时间上，空间，次序，登记，重要性方面的“在……前面”5．c因为用 a. Where, b. why, d. when 提问都不符合逻辑，都不是针对状态提问的，只有How提问，才能用Angry回答。
6．ab. they 只做主语； c. their只能做定语；d. us 虽然可以做宾语，但与前一句意思不符合。
7．da. none是代词，很少用在名词前面；b. any 只能用在否定句或疑问句中；c. not any 不符合语法，因为前面没有助动词did.8.ba. chair(椅子)， c. armchair(手扶椅) d. class(班级) 这3个选择都和seat的意思不符合。
Seat是”座位，座席” 的意思。
强调的是可供坐下的地方，不是具体的椅子。
GaI2(X 2A1)分子的结构与势能函数
Ｖｏ ．３ Ｎ ｏ ４ １ ６ ．
Ｊｕｙ． ０ ８ ｌ ２ ０
文章 编 号 ：０ ０ ２ ６ （ ０ ８ ０ —０ ７ —０ １ ０ — ３ ７ ２ ０ ）４ ０ ７ ３
Ｇａ２Ｘ２ ） 子 的结 构 与势 能 函数 Ｉ（ 分 Ａ
蒋 牙 娟 ４
（ ． 乡 学 院 物 理 系 ， 南 新 乡 ４ ３０ ；． 南 师 范 大 学 物 理 与信 息 工 程 学 院 ， 南 新 乡 ４ ３ ０ ） １新 河 ５０３２河 河 ５ ０ ７
沉 积 技 术 中 可 以 作 为 半 导 体 材 料 ， 就 引 起 了 材 料 科 学 家 和 理 论 化 学 家 的极 大 兴 趣 ． 子 势 能 函 数 是 分 子 电 子 能 量 的完 全 描 这 分
述， 同时 也 是 核 运 动 的势 能 函 数 ， 研 究 原 子 与分 子 碰 撞 和 分 子 反 应 动 力 学 的 基 础 ． 于 Ｇ Ｉ 基 态 及 激 发 态 的 光 谱 、 迁 ， 是 关 ａ的 跃
金 属 元 素 Ｇ 是 半 导 体 工业 中 一 种 非 常 重 要 的 原 材 料 ． 于 它 主 要 以 化 合 物 或 合 金 的形 式 存 在 ， Ｇａ Ｇａ Ｉ ａ 由 如 Ｎ、 — ｎ等 ， 因此
对 其 结 构 与性 能 的研 究 也 以 Ｇ ａ的 化 合 物 或 合 金 为 主 ． Ｉ 半 导体 设 备 装 置 中起 着 非 常 重 要 的 作 用 ， 别 是 在 化 学 气 相 】 Ｇａ 在 特
析 讨 论 势 能 面 的静 态 特 征 时得 到 ： ｎ ＋ 卜 ｎ ｚ反 应 中存 在 鞍 点 ， 化 能 为 １ ４ ７ ８ｋ ／ １ ＧＪ ＧＪ 活 ４ ． ２ Ｊｍｏ．
关 键 词 ： ａ。 多体项 展式理论 ； Ｇ Ｉ； 势能 函数
丁丁冬冬学识字2gai改
2012年11月15日
一、写出画线字的反义词：
• • • • • 我的胳膊粗粗的。 （ 他的肩膀窄窄的。 （ 马鑫的眉毛弯弯的。（ 刘婕的牙齿白白的。（ 我的大腿瘦瘦的。 （ ） ） ） ） ）
。
边读边做动作：
脖子脖子转转， 肩膀肩膀拍拍， 胳膊胳膊伸伸， 肚子肚子挺挺， 小腰小腰扭扭， 腿儿腿儿踢踢， 脚丫脚丫跺跺。
快乐训练营 ：
今天学了这么多的词语，能不能用 上他们来说说你长得最有特点的地方。
三、知识拓展：
同学们，谁来说说各个器官都有什么作 用？我们应该怎样爱护自己的身体？
小结：
我会读
é jiá
额头
méi
面颊 牙齿
chǐ
眉毛
bí
鼻子
我会认：
额头
眉毛 鼻子 眼睛 嘴
头发
面颊 耳朵 牙齿
我会说
• （ • • （ • （ ）的眉毛 ）的牙齿 ）的耳朵 （ （ （ ）的眼睛 ）的头发 ）的嘴巴
红色字宝宝我会记：
额头 眉毛 眼睛 鼻子
头发 面颊 耳朵 牙齿
嘴
额
额头
前额
页
“页”字旁表示与头部有关，额头和 面颊都在头上，所以它们都有页字旁。
颊
面颊
脸颊
眉额鼻 颊 齿
说一说，连一连：
额头 眉毛 眼睛 鼻子 嘴
头发 面颊 耳朵 牙齿
闯关小勇士：
同学们，学习了那么多表示人体器官的 字，你认识自己的身体了吗？做做下面的练 习，考考自己吧！
目）瞪（瞪 （ ）呆
（眉 ）开（眼）笑
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第三章 热湿环境
1． 室外空气综合温度是单独由气象参数决定的吗？
答：不是，还与围护结构外表面的性质有关。
室外空气综合温度是为了计算方便推出的一个当量的室外温度，表达式为：
out L out air z Q aI
t t αα-+=
air t －由气象参数决定
但围护结构外表面的对流换热系数out α，围护结构外表面对太阳辐射的吸收率a ，围护结构外表面与环境的长波辐射换热量L Q 与围护结构外表面的性质（材料、粗糙度、形状等）有关。
所以室外空气综合温度应该是气象参数与围护结构表面特性共同作用的结果。
2． 什么情况下建筑物与环境之间的长波辐射可以忽略？
答：计算晴天白天太阳直射下的辐射换热时，由于太阳辐射远远大于长波辐射，可以忽略长波辐射。
3． 透过玻璃窗的太阳辐射中是否只有可见光，没有红外线和紫外线？
答：否。
由普通玻璃的光谱透过率（书中图3－3）图中可知，可见光和短波红外线的通过率比较高，而长波红外线和紫外线的透过率很低，因此透过玻璃窗的太阳辐射主要为可见光和短波红外线，但也包含少量的长波红外线和紫外线。
4． 透过玻璃窗的太阳辐射是否等于建筑物的瞬时冷负荷？
答：不是。
太阳辐射进入室内后，首先被室内各种表面吸收和贮存，提高这些表面的温度，然后通过对流换热方式逐步释放到空气中，形成瞬时冷负荷，在时间上有所延迟，并不等于该时刻的瞬时冷负荷。
同时，计算建筑物的瞬时冷负荷还应考虑围护结构导热、室内热源散热等因素。
5． 室内照明和设备散热是否直接转变为瞬时冷负荷？
答：不是。
室内照明和设备散热一般包括对流换热和辐射换热两种形式。
其中，对流换热部分立刻就进入到室内空气中成为瞬时冷负荷，而辐射得热部分首先会传递到室内各表面，提高这些表面的温度。
当这些表面的空气温度高于室内空气温度时，就会有热量以对流换热的形式进入到空气中，成为瞬时冷负荷。
所以室内照明和设备散热只有部分直接转变为瞬时冷负荷。
6． 为什么冬季往往可以采用稳态算法计算采暖负荷而夏天却一定要采用动态算法计算空调负荷？
答：稳态计算法即不考虑建筑物以前时刻传热过程的影响，只采用室内外瞬时或平均温差与围护结构的传热系数、传热面积的积来求取负荷值，即Q = KF ∆T 。
如果室内外温差的平均值远远大于室内外温差的波动值时，采用平均温差的稳态计算带来的误差也比较小，在工程设计中是可以接受的。
例如在我国北方的冬季，室外温度的波动幅度远小于室内外的温差（见图），因此目前在做采暖负荷计算时，采用的是日平均温差的
稳态计算法，即：Q hl = K w F w (t o - t in )
其中t o 采用是冬季室外设计温度，对于空调系统为每年不保证1天、对于采暖系统为每年不保证5天的最低日平均温度；t in 是冬季室内设计温度。
图 冬夏室内外温差比较举例 但计算夏季冷负荷是不能采用日平均温差的稳态算法的，否则可能导致完全错误的结果。
因为尽管夏季日间瞬时室外温度可能要比室内温度高很多，但夜间却有可能低于室内温度，因此与冬季相比，室内外平均温差并不大，但波动的幅度却相对比较大，见图。
如果采用日平均温差的稳态算法，则导致冷负荷计算结果偏小。
另一方面，如果采用逐时室内外温差，忽略围护结构的衰减延迟作用，则会导致冷负荷计算结果偏大。
7． 围护结构的内表面上的长波辐射对负荷有何影响？
答：长波辐射将转化为负荷，但存在着延迟和衰减。
以夏季围护结构表面的长波辐射为例，此时围护结构内表面温度高于其他表面，热量会以长波辐射的形式传给室内其他表面，提高其他表面的温度。
当这些表面的空气温度高于室内空气温度时，就会有热量以对流换热的形式进入到空气中，成为瞬时冷负荷。
冷负荷空气其他表面高温表面成为瞬时负荷对流换热长波辐射−−−−→−−−−→−−−−→−
因此，对于建筑物冷负荷而言，长波辐射所传递的热量将转化为建筑物负荷，但长波辐射不是马上转化为建筑物的瞬时负荷，两者之间存在着相位差和幅度差，冷负荷对得热的响应一般都有延迟，幅度也有所衰减。
同理可分析围护结构内表面温度低于其他表面时的情况。
8． 夜间建筑物可通过玻璃窗长波辐射把热量散出去吗？
答：可以
室内空气和表面可以通过对流换热和长波辐射加热玻璃窗的内表面，而玻璃窗被加热后则会以长波辐射的方式把热量散发出去。
外界环境玻璃窗内表面被加热室内空气、表面长波辐射对流换热、长波辐射−−−→−−−−−−−→− 冬季夜间通过玻璃窗表面的长波散热很厉害，这就是为什么可关闭的外遮阳在冬季夜间保温效果很明显的原因。
9．如果一个由6面实体墙（包括楼板）围合的房间室内温度恒定，把几面实体墙的得热叠加，再加上室内热源得热与渗透风得热，就等于房间的冷负荷？
1.几面实体墙的得热量HG wall是在假定“除所考察的围护结构内表面外，其他各室内表面的温度均与室内空气温度一致，室内没有其他短波辐射热量落在所考察围护结构内表面上”时，计算得到的。
实际上，室内其他表面的温度常常与室内空气温度不一致，室内也存在着辐射源，它们之间的辐射换热会影响所考察的围护结构向室内的传热量。
举例来说，如果室内辐射热源正好全打在外墙内表面上，此时向室内传的热量会被顶出去一部分，得热跟实际传到室内空气的热量差得就更大了。
2.室内热源得热量可以分成对流散热部分和辐射散热部分，其中对流散热部分可以直接转化为瞬时冷负荷，但是辐射散热部分会通过长波辐射方式传递到室内围护结构和家具各表面，再通过对流方式逐步进入到室内空气中，形成冷负荷。
因此也不能直接将室内热源得热简单的叠加到冷负荷中。
3.当然，如果室内各内表面温度都跟空气温度一样，室内热源基本上只有对流散热，题中的得热之和基本就等于冷负荷。
10．如果有两套户型设计一模一样的公寓，但一个主要窗户朝东，另一个朝西。
两套公寓夏季的热环境条件有何区别？
朝西的公寓热环境较差。
上午时候室外温度较低，下午时候室外温度较高；在上午时进入朝东公寓的太阳辐射得热量较多，在下午时进入朝西公寓的太阳辐射量较多。
对于朝东公寓，传热的峰值在下午，太阳辐射得热的峰值在上午，峰值错开使得负荷峰值较小，对于不空调的房间一天中的室内温度有可能都不超出人体的舒适区；对于朝西公寓，传热和太阳辐射的峰值均在下午，峰值叠加后使得总负荷偏大，对于不空调的房间下午的温度会特别高造成人体的不适。