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（共12套）最新中考英语（通用版）语法专项讲解及配套练习汇总简单句、并列句、复合句【知识点睛】一、句子分类____________(____________________________)____________________________________________(_____________________)⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎨⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩ 、、、 按分 句子按分 、、 二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情（一）陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调. 陈述句的否定式：1. be 的否定式（be 作系动词和助动词）2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式3. 除not 外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句1) 用no 表示，no = not any/a2) never 从不，决不，永不 seldom 很少 hardly 几乎不 3) little, few 几乎没有 4) no one/nobody 没有人 5) nothing 什么也没有6) neither of…没有什么(两者都不)；none of…没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不) 7) too…to…太……以至于不能……（二）疑问句1. 一般疑问句（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答.—Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？—Yes, I am. 是的，我是. /—No, I’m not. 不，我不是.（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气. （注意yes/no的翻译）—Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？—Yes, I do. 不，我看电视. /—No, I don’t. 是的，我不看电视.（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉.—Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？—I’m afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做.2. 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导，不用________回答. 特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组. （1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问）（3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味.Why don’t y ou come here?= Why not come here?3. 选择疑问句提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用________回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式. （1）一般选择疑问句句式—Do you like tea or coffee?—I like tea.（2）特殊选择疑问句句式—Which do you like better, tea or coffee?—I prefer tea.4. 反意疑问句（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？”（2）原则：_______________，______________（3）三步走：第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）（4）回答：实事求是【翻译】——Lucy从不早起，是吗？——是的，她从不早起. /不，她有时候早起.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（三）祈使句特征：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________.肯定式否定式特殊式Stand up! Don’t stand up! No smoking/parking!Be quiet! Don’t be noisy! No photos!Let him in! Don’t let him in!（四）感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩. 感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”.Great!A good job!_______________________________What a good day (it is)!What terrible weather (it is)!What smart students (they are)!_______________________________How terrible (the weather is)!How smart (the students are)!How fast he runs!【填空】___________ tall the boy is!___________ lovely children!___________ useful book it is!___________ exciting news!三、简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子.I am a student.Lily and Lucy are twins.He went up to the door, opened it and entered.She will go there either this week or next week.并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子. He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I don’t like this song.Either you leave, or Tom leaves.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子.Do you know where my bike is?John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.That is the woman I met yesterday.（一）常见句子成分主语：句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任表语：在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当定语：修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况（二）简单句五大基本句型主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补（三）连词___________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⇒⎧⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⇒⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎪⇒⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩连接词与词或短语与短语表表连接简单句与简单句表连词表连接主句与从句 四、三大从句 （一）宾语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子. We know Jack is a lazy student.We are talking about whether it’s a cat . He is unhappy that he didn ’t pass the exam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素：________、________、________连接词_______ (可省略) _______________ _______________ 宾语从句：陈述句 宾语从句：一般疑问句 宾语从句：特殊疑问句语序 _________语序 时态Miss Li said that the earth ________ (be) round.【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film.I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema.I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film.结论：________________________________________【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子Who broke the window?What happened last night?What’s the matter/the trouble?What’s up/wrong?When will we meet?【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do next.He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________? 结论：1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构.2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构.（二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子.The bus had left when we arrived at the station.分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句目的状语从句，比较状语从句各类状语从句连词：【难点1】when, while, as的区别when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态)as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week.Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it.I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in.You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework.__________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.She did sports ________ she listened to music.【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别1)because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强.I did that because she told me to.2)since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱.Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.3)as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱.As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.4)for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句.It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________的句子时，从句要用_____________代替将来.Don’t point at others with your chopsticks when you _______ (eat).The boy is very careful when he _______ (cross) the road.You can realize your dream as long as you ________ (not) give up.Whatever you _______ (do), wherever you ________ (go), I will be here waiting for you.注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”. 时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态.（三）定语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子.A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.结构：【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1)当先行词是________时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，关系词用thatIs this school the one that you graduated from?Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2)当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系词用thatThis is the very bus _______ I am waiting for.3)当先行词既有______又有______时I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai.4)当先行词被_______或_______修饰时This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.5)who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用thatWho is the girl _______ is crying sadly?【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?1)I will never forget the days __________ we spent together.2)I will never forget the days __________ I was in primary school.3)This is the school __________ I often pay a visit to.4)This is the school __________ that teacher once worked.【精讲精练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, shewould quickly clean them with a mop.2.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.3.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.二、填空题A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子4.My sister is too young to go to school, ____________?5.Nancy, sweep the classroom, ____________?6.I don’t think she will agree with me, ____________?7.You had better stay at home, ____________?8.—Mr. Li’s never been to Canada, has he?—______, ___________. He went there on business last week.B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空9.Work hard, ________ you’ll pass the test easily.10.This is the best book _______ I have ever read.11.________ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class.12.You won’t catch the bus ________ you leave immediately.13.The population of China is larger ________ that of America.14.He wonders ________ his English teacher can come today.15.不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书.________ ________ all the pupils ________ ________ their English teacher ________________ the storybook.三、单项选择( )16.—_______ is it from the New Town to the old city center?—Less than 30 minutes by underground.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How longD. How far( )17.David, _______, or you will get heavier.A. doesn’t play sports any moreB. does n’t eat so much meatC. don’t play sports any moreD. don’t eat so much meat( )18.—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.—Wow! _______ beautiful music! I like it very much.A. WhatB. How aC. What aD. How( )19.The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )20.—Dad, please tell me when Mum ______. I miss her very much.—She will return when she ______ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.A. returns; finishesB. returns; will finishC. will return; finishesD. will return; will finish( )21.The environment will be worse and worse _______ we take steps to protect it right away.A. unlessB. althoughC. whileD. but( )22._______ she was tired, ______ she didn’t stop to have a rest.A. /; soB. Although; /C. Although; butD. Because;so( )23.I still remember the college and the teachers _______ I visited in London years ago.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which( )24.Franklin told them all _______ to be in Britain again.A. how happy was heB. how happy he wasC. how was he happyD. how he was happy( )25.—Tell me ______.—Well, it is like…A. what is wrong with itB. what is itC. what is it likeD. what the matter is with it【参考答案】【知识点睛】一、句子分类按功能分：陈述句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)；祈使句；感叹句按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（二）疑问句2. 特殊疑问句yes/no3. 选择疑问句yes/no4. 反意疑问句(2) 前肯后否；前否后肯【翻译】—Lucy never gets up early, does she?—No, she does n’t. / Yes, she does.（三）祈使句动词原形；you；please（四）感叹句What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)!How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)!【填空】How；What；What a；What三、简单句、并列句、复合句（三）连词并列连词：简单句；并列句[顺承、并列关系(and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also…)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or, either…or…, neither…nor…)，因果关系(so, for)从属连词：复合句（引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词）四、三大从句（一）宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how语序：陈述时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况whether；whether；whether结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether.【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置需变成陈述语序when we will meet.【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换how to get to the zoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语（二）状语从句时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until, not…until, as soon as, since…条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, so long as…让步状语从句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever…原因状语从句because, since, as…结果状语从句so…that…, such…that…目的状语从句so that…, in order that…比较状语从句as…as…, not so/as…as…, than…【难点1】when，while，as的区别同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列【难点3】“主将从现”现象一般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go（三）定语从句人；who；主语、宾语、表语人；whom；宾语物；which；主语、宾语、表语人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语人/物；whose；定语原因(n.)；why；状语地点(n.)；where；状语时间(n.)；when；状语【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1）不定代词 2）that 3）人；物4）最高级；序数词5）that【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?1）which/that 2）when 3）which/that 4）where【精讲精练】一、1. 并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成）简单句：主语：he 谓语：drew 宾语：pictures 状语：often，on the floor，with chalk 复合句：主句：she would quickly clean them with a mop（主语：she (复合)谓语：would clean 宾语：them状语：quickly，with a mop）时间状语从句：when his mother saw what he had done（主语：his mother 谓语：saw 宾语：what he had done）2. 简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰）主句：He searched out the farmer and asked him the answer to the riddle.（主语：he 谓语：search out，asked 宾语：the farmer，him (直接宾语)，the answer to the riddle (间接宾语)）定语从句：whom the king had spoken to（主语：the king 谓语：had spoken to 宾语：whom）3. 复合句主句：Some students wonder…（主语：some students 谓语：wonder）宾语从句：what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. (复合句) 主句：what would happen（主语：what (复合)谓语：would happen）条件状语从句：if the heat from the computer could be used（主语：the heat (复合)谓语：could be used 定语：from the computer）二、4. is she 5. won’t you/will you 6. will she 7. hadn’t you 8. Yes；he has9. and 10. that 11. Though/Although 12. unless13. than 14. whether/if 15. Not only；but also；has read三、16—20：DDACC 21—25：ABCBA动词分类与谓语动词【知识点睛】一、动词种类__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎩⎪⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩动词________________________________⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩⎩情态动词用法：没有人称和数的变化；不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分；变否定，情态动词后直接加not；变疑问，情态动词直接提前.can & could表_________ He can speak English.He could ride a bike when he was 7.He is so young that he can’t look after himself.He couldn’t write when he was only 2.I will be able to speak German fluently someday. 表_________ Can you pass me some paper?Could you please tell me where the bookstore is?You can go now.表_________ —Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?—It can’t be her. She has gone to New York. may & might表_________ —May I know your name?—Might I know your name?—Yes, you __________.—No, you __________.You may go now.表__________ She may know the answer, but I’m not sure.—Have you decided where to go for your weekend?—Not yet. We may go to Qingdao.must & have to___________ The movie is boring. I must go now.Drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule.My mother called me. I have to go now.—Dad, must I practice the piano today?—Yes, you _______.—No, you ______./ No, you don’t have to. You may do it tomorrow.___________ You mustn’t nip off the flowers.You don’t have to be in a hurry.（没必要）表_________ —Whose notebook is this?—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.He must have known the truth.need___________ You need not get here early.—Need I repeat it?—Yes, you ______./ No, you _______.___________ She needs a dictionary to help her study.I need to make a phone call.The room needs cleaning.情态动词表推测——一肯，一否，三个不一定—Whose notebook is this?—It must belong to Tom. I saw he used it just now.—Who is singing in the next room? Is it Lucy?—It can’t be her. She ha s gone to New York.She may/might/could know the answer, but I’m not sure.情态动词+现在完成时1、表对过去的猜测、可能性①must have done“一定做了…”用于肯定句，语气最强.The light is off. He must have slept.②may/ might have done可能做了…，语气弱，可能性小. 其否定式意为“可能不…”，如：He mightnot have been in. 他可能不在家. might比may可能性更小.③can (could) not have done“不可能做了…”，语气强，can, could也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：Could he have left?2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有…”.①should (ought to) have done. 本来应该做，而没做到如：You should have asked him for help. (事实上没求他帮忙)②could have done 本来能够…，如：He could have passed the exam. (结果没通过)③might have done 本来可以…④needn’t have done 本来没必要…You needn’t have taken a taxi. It is not far. (事实上坐出租车了)⑤had better have done sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”.⑥表示would rather have done sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”，表示“后悔”的意思.should, ought to, could, might, had better, would rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反.二、时态 （一）时态分类________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⇒⎧⎪⇒⎪⎨⇒⎪⎪⇒⎩⇒⇒⇒按分________________________________⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎨⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪→⇒⎩（二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）一般现在时：反复性 规律性 经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现 一般过去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯 一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来 过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would + v.) 现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段过去进行时：过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生 现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来 过去完成时：过去的过去—____the film before?—Yes. I ___it the day before yesterday.A. Have you seen; sawB. Did you see; have seenC. Have you seen; have seenD. Have you seen; was seeing（三）易混时态区分：一般过去时VS现在完成时—___________(see) the film the day before yesterday ?—Yes, I _____________(see) it already. It is really interesting.（四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总瞬间动词_______（有/无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与__________连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词—Your sister looks very happy!—Yeah, she has finally bought the dress she wants most.—Wow, your watch looks nice. Is it new?—No, I _________ (buy) it since 3 years ago.将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：close → __________ come → __________ go → __________finish→ __________ die → __________ put on→ _________lose → __________ join → __________ get up → _________buy → __________ borrow → _________ o pen → __________leave → __________ fall asleep → __________wake up → __________ arrive/reach → __________start/begin → __________ catch a cold → __________三、语态（一）主动语态和被动语态主动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语. I bought a book.被动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语. A book was bought by me. （二）被动语态用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者3.动作的发出者不是人（三）被动语态基本结构：_________________（四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成【小试牛刀】1.The building can___________ (see) from every part of the city. It _________ (build) many yearsago.2.Yesterday Tom _________ (tell) me that his bike ________ (break) last week.3.The students ___________ often ___________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.4.Now he __________ (be) asked if the meeting ___________ (hold) next Friday.5.My teacher gave me a new book yesterday._________________________________________________________________________6.She is looking for her keys at the moment._________________________________________________________________________7.I saw some girls playing tennis on the playground when I passed._________________________________________________________________________8.In the old days, the employer made their employees work in the factory from morning to evening._________________________________________________________________________（五）主动表被动1.That book is really _____________________(值得一读).2.Harry Potter _______________________(卖得很好).3.My bike __________________________(需要修理了).4.Great changes _____________(发生了) in the countryside in recent years.【精讲精练】一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其属于什么动词1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, shewould quickly clean them with a mop.2.Li Jun, a 17-year-old girl from Shenzhen Foreign Language School, still can’t believe her10-day free training camp in the Alps in Switzerland last month was true.3.The American official, the French, Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their headsin shame, and did not dare to answer.4.It’s OK if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meetnew people.5.The drunken man asked the police if they knew where Mabel was as he was put into the backseat of the police car.二、单项选择( )1.Choosing the right circle of friends will _______ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.A. saveB. shareC. keepD. bring( )2.It is helpful to ______ a good habit of reading in language learning.A. takeB. showC. developD. match( )3.The cloth ______ very soft and comfortable.A. smellsB. tastesC. feelsD. sounds( )4.The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.A. take upB. take outC. take awayD. take off( )5.—How does the animal get food?—It doesn’t need to do anything. The zookeeper will _____ it with food and drink.A. offerB. provideC. divideD. give( )6.—Where are you going?—I’m going to the airport to ______ my friend, Mary. She is going to London on holiday.A. see offB. put offC. take offD. send off( )7.—My grandma is ill in bed.—Sorry to hear that. Why not ______ a doctor?A. send forB. send upC. send awayD. send out( )8.—Do you miss your son who is at university, Mrs. Zhang?—No. I often ______ him, and make telephone calls to him.A. think aboutB. hear fromC. look afterD. learn from( )9.—We must act now because time is ______.—Yes. Let’s start.A. coming outB. giving outC. putting outD. running out( )10.—Do you still have a headache, Bill?—No, it’s ______. I’m all right now, Mum.A. droppedB. ranC. leftD. gone( )11.You _______ smoke in the hospital.A. needn’tB. oughtn’t toC. ought to notD. may not( )12.—Another cup of coffee?—No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.A. canB. mayC. mustD. might( )13.—May I watch TV for a while?—No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. won’t( )14.—I can’t give up smoking, doctor.—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.A. mayB. canC. have toD. must( )15.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving( )16.When winter comes, ______ spring be far behind?A. shouldB. needC. mustD. can( )17.—Will you answer the telephone? It ______ be your mother.—Sorry. I ______. I’m very busy.A. can; mustn’tB. will; can’tC. may; can’tD. need;will( )18.You ______ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD.mightn’t( )19.—Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.?—In fact we ______. The train ______ until 10 a.m.A. mustn’t; doesn’t leaveB. mustn’t; leavesC. needn’t; won’t leaveD. needn’t; will leave( )20.—Are you going anywhere?—I ______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A. thinkB. have thoughtC. will thinkD. thought ( )21.—Does this bus go to the beach?—No. You ______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11.A. goB. were goingC. are goingD. would go( )22.—Is Tom at home?—No, he ______ to town.A. has beenB. has goneC. goesD. will go( )23.The official said they ______ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.A. makesB. would makeC. madeD. have made( )24.It ______ usually ______ at this time of year, but today it is raining heavily.A. is; rainingB. won’t; rainC. has; rainedD. doesn’t;rain( )25.I ______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been away from( )26.When we hurried to the cinema, the film ______ for ten minutes.A. had been onB. had begunC. has begunD. begun( )27.—What language ______ in that country?—German and English.A. are speakingB. are spokenC. speakD. is spoken( )28.The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it ______.A. inventsB. was inventedC. is inventedD. invented( )29.Bamboos can ______ paper.A. used to makeB. be used makeC. be used to makeD. be used to making( )30.—Would you mind my sitting here?—Sorry, it ______ already.A. has takenB. is takingC. has been takenD. took【参考答案】【知识点睛】动词种类：主动词，分为系动词（状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词）和实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）助动词分为助动词(do/does/did/doing/done, is/are/am/was/were/being/been, have/has/had/having/had, will/would/shall/should)和情态动词(will/would/shall/should, can/could/may/might, need/must/have t o/had better/ought to…)表能力表请求许可表猜测表请求许可can/may; can’t/may not/mustn’t表猜测（可能性）必须（主客观）must; needn’t禁止（否定）表肯定猜测（一定）需要情态动词must; needn’t需要实义动词时态分类：按时间分：过去、现在、将来过去：一般过去（v-ed）、过去进行（was/were doing）、过去将来（would+v.）、过去完成（had+done）现在：一般现在（v.）、现在进行（am/is/are+doing）、现在完成（have/has+done）将来：一般将来（will+v. / be going to+v.）ADid you seehave seen有时间段have hadbe closed be here be there be over be dead wear be lost be in/be a member of be up have keep be open be away (from) be asleep be awake be (in/at) be on have a cold发出者承受者be done（四）各种时态下的主动语态和被动语态构成v.(v.-s) am/is/are +doneam/is/are +doing am/is/are being donehave/has +done have/has been donev-ed was/were donewas/were doing was/were being donehad +done had been donewould +v. would be donewill +v. will be done【小试牛刀】be seen，was built；told，broke；are，told；is，will be held；I was given a new book by my teacher yesterday. / A new book was given to me by my teacher yesterday.Her keys are being looked for by her at the moment.Some girls were seen playing tennis on the playground by me when I passed.In the old days, the employees were made to work by the employer in the factory from morning to evening. （五）主动表被动worth reading ；sells well ；needs repairing / to be repaired ；have taken place【精讲精练】 二、单项选择 1-5：ACCDB6-10：AABDD11-15：BCCCA16-20：DCBCD 21-25：CBBDD 26-30：ADBCC非谓语动词&主谓一致【知识点睛】 一、非谓语动词（一）含义：在句子中不作谓语的动词.（二）分类：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎧→⎨⎪⎩⎪⎪⎧⎪→⎨⎨⎩⎪⎪⎧⎧⎪⇒⎨⎨⎪⎩⎩⎩构成：作用：构成：非谓语动词作用：构成：作用：（三）动名词 (v-ing )_________(吸烟) isn’t allowed here.__________语Eating too much is bad for your health. __________语I like playing basketball very much. __________语Stamps are used for sending letters. __________语His hobby is collecting stamps. (= Collecting stamps is his hobby.) __________语She is in the reading room. __________语We should improve our teaching methods. __________语初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems (in), spend (in), feel like, be used to (习惯于), consider, feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have, get, keep, help, tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage（四）动词不定式(to do)____________________(说英语) is not easy for me. __________语My dream is to be a teacher. (= To be a teacher is my dream.) __________语What sports does he like to play? __________语The teacher asked us to hand in homework by Friday. __________语My mother made me play the piano all the time. __________语。
（完整版）高中英语语法讲解与练习
（完整版）高中英语语法讲解与练习<< 语法 >> 学案第一讲冠词口诀: 冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前不定冠词a/an的用法:不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。
"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音开头的词前。
判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。
一般情况下，开头字母是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不定冠词an。
1.在可数名词单数形式前表示"一":There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示"某一个"的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。
5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。
6. 在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an" There is a/an hotel near here.这附近有一家旅馆。
初中英语语法知识点精讲+习题+练习(精华版).doc
初中英语语法知识点精讲+习题+练习（精华版）（注：共四部分）第一部分1) leave的用法1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。
例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的？2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。
例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。
例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京？2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。
此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。
例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3.用于表示可能性。
should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。
例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与Which...?1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。
(共26套)全国通用最新中考英语语法讲义及配套练习汇总(含所有中考语法知识)
（共26套）全国通用最新中考英语语法讲义及配套练习汇总（含所有中考语法知识）被动语态知识精讲一、被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。
其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。
be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。
二、被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
例：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
2. 当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
例：The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。
3. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
例：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
三点剖析一、考点：被动语态的句子结构和用法。
二、重难点：谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义：1. 英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
例：This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很好洗。
初中语文：语法基础知识(讲义+练习+答案)
现代汉语语法基础知识讲义第一节概说现代汉语语法基本知识，包括语素、词、短语、句子、句群等五个方面。
语素是汉语中最小的语音语义结合体，也是汉语的一级语言单位。
学好它对于我们把握词语的构成、辨析近义词和同义词有很大的帮助。
词是汉语的二级语言单位。
词的知识包括词的构成、词类等。
短语是汉语的三级语言单位，对于短语结构的熟练把握，有助于我们分析语言结构，从而使我们能够更好地理解语言的意义。
短语知识主要包括短语的类型、短语的结构。
句子是汉语的四级语言单位，这是高考必考的内容，而且是难点、重点。
句子知识主要包括句子的分类、句子的结构、复句类型以及单复句辨析、多重复句等。
句群是汉语的五级语言单位，这个语言单位与语段的层次结构非常相似，只需要了解一下即可。
第二节语素一、语素的概念人类的语言是有声音、有意义的，是语音和语义的结合体，这便是语法单位的基本特征。
语素是最小的语法单位，因此语素就是最小的语音、语义结合体。
它是汉语的一级语法单位。
“最小的语音、语义结合体”是指一个语素在具备语音最小的同时还必须具备语义也最小的特点，二者缺一不可。
我们来看下边这个句子：他坐在沙发里看书。
这是一个最大的语法单位，我们把它尽量小的切分，就成了：他│坐│在│沙发│里│看│书。
切下来的每个部分都有意义，都不能再切分了，是一个一个的语素了。
这里的“沙发”语音上素。
自由语素是能够独立成词的语素。
这种语素可以独立成词，也可以和其他语素一起构成词，构词能力很强。
半自由语素是不能独立成词、只能跟其它语素组合成词、在组合时位置不固定的语素。
这种语素是意义实在，只是不能够独立运用了，要跟其他语素组结合才能构词。
不自由语素是不能独立成词、而且跟别的语素组合成词时位置固定的语素。
这种语素实际上跟英语根据语法功能来考察，词可以分为实词和虚词两大类。
能够充当句子成分的词叫实词。
实词都有词汇意义。
不能充当句子成分，只能帮助实词造句、表示语法意义的词，叫虚词。
高中英语语法教案及配套练习
高中英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习教案章节：一、动词时态教学目标：1. 理解动词时态的概念和重要性。
2. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的用法。
3. 能够正确运用动词时态进行句子构建和交流。
教学内容：1. 动词时态的概念和分类。
2. 一般现在时的用法，如：I like apples.3. 一般过去时的用法，如：I visited the museum yesterday.4. 一般将来时的用法，如：I will travel to Japan next year.5. 现在进行时的用法，如：I am reading a book now.6. 过去进行时的用法，如：She was watching TV yesterday evening.7. 现在完成时的用法，如：I have finished my homework.8. 过去完成时的用法，如：She had already eaten breakfast before I arrived. 教学活动：1. 引入动词时态的概念，让学生理解动词时态的重要性。
2. 通过例句和练习，讲解和巩固各个动词时态的用法。
3. 小组活动，让学生相互练习使用动词时态进行句子构建和交流。
配套练习：1. 选择题：判断下列句子中动词时态的使用是否正确。
2. 填空题：根据语境，选择合适的动词时态填空。
3. 翻译题：将下列句子翻译成英文，注意使用正确的动词时态。
教案章节：二、名词和冠词教学目标：1. 理解名词的概念和重要性。
2. 掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法。
3. 掌握定冠词和不定冠词的用法。
4. 能够正确运用名词和冠词进行句子构建和交流。
教学内容：1. 名词的概念和分类。
2. 可数名词和不可数名词的用法，如：apple (可数名词)和water (不可数名词)。
3. 定冠词和不定冠词的用法，如：The cat (定冠词)和a cat (不定冠词)。
初高中知识点实用语法练习题答案
初高中知识点实用语法练习题答案完成下列练习,1.语法全解P205-215时态时体现在时过去时将来时过去将来时1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.一般体 do/does一般现在时完成体 have/has done现在完成时进行体be(am/is/are) doing现在进行时完成进行时 have/has been doing现在完成进行时had been doing过去完成进行时 shall/will have been doing将来完成进行时should/would have been did一般过去时 had done过去完成时 be(was/were) doing过去进行时 will/shall do一般将来时 Will/shall have done将来完成时 shall/will be doing将来进行时 should /would be doing过去将来进行时 should/would do一般过去将来时 should/would have done过去将来完成时 doing过去将来完成进行时 We have________three meals a day.（have） The goes ________the bell.(go) how hard it rains________!(rain)Our trip starts____from xi'an tomorrow and finishes_______ up Huanshan Mountain.(start&finish) If you arrive _______,please give me a phonecall.(arrive)As long as it doesn't rain __________tomorrow, we 'll have a trip on schedule.(rain) Jack throws_______ the ball to John and John catches_________it.(throw)He sits______down , shivers __________a little. Clock outsidestrikes__________ twelve.(sit/shiver颤抖/strike) They have lived_________ here for 20 years.(live)10. I never drank_____coffee.(drink)11. She would come if I promised_________to wait for her.(promise) 12. I lost _______all my money on the way back home.(lose) 13. Dick will be__________on duty tomorrow.(be) 14. it's going to rain _______soon.(很快就要下雨了rain) 15. I am taking __________the kids to the zoo this Sunday.(take)16. The meeting is to take place ____________at 8:00 tomorrowmorning.(take place)17. Be patient. We are on the point of finishing____________ a day's work.(on the point of & finish) 18. Hurry up! The train is about tostart____________.(be about to & start) 19. The little boy is going to_______ fall over.(going to) 20. I hope it will_____be fine tomorrow.(will)21. He was 68 and in 2 years, he would be___________ 70 .(be)22. I was about to turn on_________________ the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off.(turn on) 23. I have tidied up___________ my room now.(tidy)24. I have been ____________in the library for a whole morning.(be) 25. Once you have promised______________, you must keep it.(promise)26. The roads were full of people, we hadn't thought of______________that.(think) 27. I had just finished _____________half of the work by yesterday.(finish)28. Scarcely had___________ Rosa heard the news when___________ she burst into tears.(scarcely ……when) 29. No sooner____________ had the bell rung than____________ the pupils rushed out.(no sooner ……than) 30. We shall have fulfilled____________ the work by the end of next week.(fulfill) 31. You'll soon have forgotten_____________ all about it.(forget)32. He told me he would have learned__________________4,000English words by the end of that month.(learn) 33. I thought you would haveleft_____________ by this time. (leave) 34. What are theyquarrelling______________ about?(quarrel) 35. I am teaching______________part- time in a middle school.(teach) 36. I amhelping_____________ my father on the farm these days. (help) 37. Someone is knocking_____________ at the door.(knock) 38. The children are constantly disturbing__________us.(disturb)39. She understands _____________you better now.(understand) 40. This dictionary belongs_______________ to Peter.(belong) 41. The musicsounds_________beautiful.(sound) 42. I accept____________ your advice.(accept)43. I was writing________________a letter when you phoned.(write)44. She was sitting___________ at the window, watching________the evening invade the avenue. Suddenly sheheard____________ someone calling___________ her from downstairs. She recognized____________ the voice and stood up quickly.(sit&watch&hear&call&recognize)45. We were running out of _____________the gas.(run out of )46. She told me that she was leaving____________ for Italy the nextday.(leave) 47. I was wondering __________if we could have dinnertogether.(wonder) 48. I was hoping_____________that you could help me.(hope)49. She was always ringing _____________me up when I was in London.(ring)50. This time tomorrow we'll be flying ________________to pairs.(fly) 51. The president will be visiting ____________us next week.(visit) 52. He said that he would be waiting__________ for me outside.(wait) 53. My baby has been sleeping____________the whole morning.(sleep) 54. My hands are dirty. I have been cleaning ____________the room.(clean) 55. You have beenasking___________the same question these days.(ask) 56. I was tired. I had been working _____________since dawn.(work)57. It had been snowing ______________all night. The ground was covered with thick snow.(snow)2.语法全解P215-218时态一致 1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.I think Molly goes ______________ to the doctor's every month.(go) I think Molly will go to____________ to the doctor's tomorrow.(go) I think Molly has gone to ______________________ to the doctor's.(go) I think Molly wentto____________ to the doctor's yesterday.(go)Phoebe told me that he would come_____________ but he was busy.(come) Phoebe told me that he didn't know ____________the news.(know) Phoebe told me that he had know ____________the news already.(know) Phoebe told me that he was watching ____________TV at 9 last night.(watch)Phoebe told me that in his country children under 18 cannot buy___________ alcohol.(buy)10. This is the man I saw______yesterday.(see)11. This is the man who will give___________us a lecture tomorrow morning.(give) 12. Light travels __________much faster than sound.(travel) 13. She is working____________ at supermarket at this time.(work)14. When I got there , the football match had alreadystarted___________.(start) 15. the train had waited___________there for half an hour by the time we arrived.(wait) 16. We brought ____________the fruit and flowers in the supermarket just now.(buy) 17. They haven't seen____________the teacher today.(see) 18. Her brother was _________in the armyfor 3 years.(be) 19. Her brother has been __________in the army for 3years.(be)20. She had been ill ________________for a week before she came back.(be ill) 21. She has been ill __________for a week.(be ill) 22. I haveread____________ Hurry Potter.(read)23. I have been reading_______________________ Hurry Potter.(read)24. I have stayed ____________in Lisabon for six weeks.(stay,强调stay动作的持续)25. I have been staying ______________ in Lisabon for six weeks.（stay，强调时间的长久性）3.语法全解P265-272不定式时态语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行时1. 2. 3.4.5.6.7.8.9.主动式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing(不常用) 被动式 to be done to have been done To talk with him is a great pleasure. Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.I am very sorry to have trouble you with so many questions. She is said to have studied abroad last year.The children pretend to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I happen to be watching TV when she called. They suspected to have been quarrelling. We are glad to have been working with you. The room seems to have been broken into.10. She asks to be treated equally.11. How to solve the problem remains to be discussed.12. Many people are thinking of how to try their luck, that is, how to earn their bread. 13. I don't know what to say before you.14. The question is whether to take the children to the theatre or to leave them at home. 15. I happened to have read a book about Thomas Jefferson.16. It is important and necessary to master a foreign language. 17. Parents want their children to develop fully. 18. He told me to drive the carcarefully and slowly. 19. She likes to play the piano.20. We managed to finish the work by ourselves. 21. The box is too heavyfor me to carry. 22. It is very kind of you to help me. 23. I 'd prefer you to keep the news secret. 24. To live in China is Mr Smith's dream. 25. To stopthe work now seems impossible. 26. I have decided to study engineering. 27. How I wish to have another day off.28. I am interested in what to do but not how to do it. 29. I have no choice but to work hard. 30. She did nothing but cry.31. I think it essential to reserve air tickets. 32. Your assignment is to be handed in tomorrow. 33. The purpose of the meeting is to elect a new captain. 34. He is always the first one to get up.35. I have a few words to say about this question. 36. We all expect youto come this weekend. 37. It is hard to persuade Dad to give up smoking. 38. I will have all my friends come over this weekend. 39. My parents used to makeme recite poems. 40. She was surprised to see George walk in. 41. I am ashamed to have to trouble you.42. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. 43. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.44. She raised her voice so as to make herself heard. 45. The children is old enough to dress himself. 46. I worked hard, only to failed at last. 47. He is a nice man, to be sure.48. To put it another way, she was sweet-tempered. 49. You can go with usif you want to. 50. You don't know her? But you ought to. 51. It's Friday.Let's go fishing, shall we? 52. I hate to see you leave so soon.53. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.54. My sister usually help me (to) choose clothes in the shop. 55. Your perfect spoken English can help to find a good job. 56. All you need to do is (to) press the button.57. The first thing I do every morning is (to) take plenty of exercise. 58. Why get upset just because you got one bad grade. 59. The enemy can do nothing but (except) surrender. 60. You had better not go.61. I 'd like to stay with you , help you and learn from you. 62. I havenot decide whether to quit or to say. 63. I came here not to play but to work.64. I have a large family to provide for.65. We have lots of difficulties to overcome for the time being. 66. The work is easy to do.67. These signs are hard to see clearly. 68. I really don't know how tosee clearly. 69. Can you tell me which to chose. 70. There is a lot of work to be done/to do.71. Give me a list of the people to invite/ to be invited. 72. Esther isthe very man to choose /to be chosen for the work. 4.语法全解P273-283现在分词,过去分词,动名词时态语态一般式完成式 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.主动形式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having been done 注意：其否定形式是在doing 前加上 not We walk along the river bank, talking and laughing. Following the guide, we walked through the forest. Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well. The question being discussed is of great importance.Having been seriously injured in the accident, he had to be taken to the hospital immediately. Not having done it well enough, I tried again. Not worrying about his body, he carried on his plan. The novels written by Lu Xun are well received.10. The man sitting at the back is Mr. Smith.11. Those people wishing to join this club should sign here. 12. Theresult of the game was disappointing. 13. We all think the speech very inspiring. 14. The children were very disturbing. 15. The boy is found very annoying.16. I see him passing by a bank. 17. He was seen working in the garden. 18. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.19. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 20. Living far from the school, I have to get up early every morning.21. Not knowing her address or phone number, we couldn't get in touch with her. 22. She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.23. It hasn't rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow. 24. Following Tom, we started to climb. 25. The boy ran away, shouting loudly.26. Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.27. Once learned, this will never be forgotten. 28. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.29. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother. 30. The ground is covered by fallen leaves. 31. I felt confused, even bored. 32. I am afraid you are slightly drunk.33. Almost no student is seen punished in this school. 34. Did you have your homework finished? 35. Now let's have all the windows cleaned. 36. I had my computer repaired yesterday. 37. She had her money stolen on the bus.38. Asked about his address, the boy didn't respond. 39. Seen from thehill, the city looks magnificent.40. Infected with H1N1, the little girl was separated from the other children. 41. The children behaves very well, well brought up by his parents. 42. United, we stand; divided, we fall.43. Given good health, I work for another 10 years. 44. The pop starhurried up to her car, followed by her fans.45. The president entered the hall, accompanied by a group of leaders. 46. We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe. 47. I must apologize fornot letting you know it ahead of time. 48. We insist on helping them without pay.49. I still remember having been taken to the zoo for the first time. 50. He hated himself for not having worked hard. 51. I hate being laughed at in public.52. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.53. Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 54. Hisnot passing the exams made his parents angry. 55. I would appreciate you (you) calling back this afternoon.56. I can hardly imagine Peter's (Peter) sailing the Atlantic Ocean in 5 days. 57. Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 58. Would you mind my/me using your telescope.59. We are looking forward to Li Yang (Li Yang's) coming to give us a lecture. 60. Finding a job is difficult these days. 61. Smoking may cause cancer. 62. My job is teaching English.63. What I hate most is being laughed at.64. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
专题08-并列连词-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练(通用版)02(解析版)
专题08-并列连词备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练（通用版）一、单项选择1．Don’t raise your hopes too high, ________ you will be sad.A．so B．and C．or D．but【答案】C【详解】句意：不要抱太高的希望，否则你会伤心的。
考查并列连词。
so因此；and和；or或者，否则；but但是；分析句子结构可知，此处是“祈使句，or/and+简单句”的结构，前后两句是转折关系，应用or连接，故选C。
2．Skiing is easier to learn than snowboarding, ________ it still requires you to practise more. A．and B．or C．but D．so【答案】C【详解】句意：滑雪比单板滑雪更容易学，但它仍然需要你多练习。
考查连词辨析。
and 和，表顺承；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折；so因此，表因果；根据“ it still requires you to practise more”可知此处指“滑雪比单板滑雪更容易学，但它需要多练习”，含有转折意义。
故选C。
3．This pair of shoes are nice, ________ I don’t like the color.A．for B．so C．but D．or【答案】C【详解】句意：这双鞋不错，但我不喜欢它的颜色。
考查连词辨析。
for因为；so因此；but但是；or或者。
“This pair of shoes are nice”与“I don’t like the color”是转折关系，用but符合语境。
故选C。
4．Mr. Smith has helped me a lot, _________ I’m thankful to him.A．or B．but C．for D．so【答案】D【详解】句意：史密斯先生帮了我很多，所以我很感谢他。
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（通用版）初高中语法专项讲解附练习汇总（全册）专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。
（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。
复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s] cups, hats, cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后[iz] glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等浊辅音后[z] beds, dogs, cities, knives（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→child ren，mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man, woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。
但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。
例如an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。
（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money．There is some milk in the bottle．Is there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water（milk）a cup of teaa cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。
二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格，例如：a frie nd of my father's。
【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms （约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
【演练】1．--- Where have you been, Tim?--- I’ve been to ______.A. the Henry houseB. the Henry familyC. The Henry’s homeD. Henry’s2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. foodB. lunchC. breakfastD. dinner3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .A. three timesB. a third timeC. the third timeD. once4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?--- Certainly.A. s ome bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.A. toothB. f eetC. handD. ear6．There is some _______ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears7．In England, the last name is the _______ .A. family nameB. middleC. given nameD. full name8．They are going to fly _______ to Beijing.A. GermenB.GermanyC. GermanysD. Germans9．The______ has two _______ .A. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. boy; watchesD. boys; watch 10．The little baby has two _______ already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths11．What’s your _______ for being lat e again?A. ideaB. keyC. excuseD. news12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.A. woman and childrenB. women and childC. woman and childD. women and children13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.--- Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UPD.NO SMOKING14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?A. Children’s DayB. Childrens’s DayC. Childrens DayD. Children Day15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?A. the Room 406B. Room 406C. the 406 RoomD. 406 Room【练习答案】1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B✧初中英语语法大全语法网络图✧专题一名词1、名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词✧II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。