英语动词不定式大全

英语动词不定式大全

动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:

一。带to的不定式结构

1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。

2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:

Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。

二。不带to的不定式结构

以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:

1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:

You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。

3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。

"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如:

Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。

Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休

个假呢。

三。动词不定式作主语

不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。参见本期本面《"小鬼it"它当家》中it作形式主语的用法。

四。动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:

I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。

五。动词不定式作宾语

有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。例如:

I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。

We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。

六。动词不定式作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:

1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to不可以省略。例如:

He asked me to talk about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。

2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:

The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。

3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:

Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。

七。动词不定式作状语

动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。

1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。

2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:

I'm sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。

3.用在too... to...结构中。例如:

He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了,不能理解这件事

有些动词后面跟to do和动词-ing形式所表达的意思不同。这类动词有：remember，forget，regret, try，mean，go on, stop等。如：

I told him of the matter again，for I forgot having met him after the accident.

Don‘t forget to lock the door. It is not safe enough here.

① try to do “努力做某事” try doing “尝试做某事”

He tried to work out the problem.

He tried working out the problem in another way.

② mean to do “打算做某事” mean doing “意味着”

What! Did you mean to leave by train?

Missing the train means waiting for an hour.

③ regret to do 因没做某事而遗憾，抱歉 regret doing 因做过某事而遗憾，后悔

I regret to say I can‘t help you.

I regret saying such silly words.

④ go on to do 继续另外一件事 go on doing 继续同一件事

⑤stop to do 停下去做另外一件事 stop doing停下正在做的事

⑥ prefer

I prefer reading to going shopping on weekends.

I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive.

⑦ allow, advise, forbid, permit

Sorry, we don’t allow smoking in the lecture room.

We don’t allow people to smoke here. I wouldn’t advise taking the car --- there’s nowhere to park.

I wouldn’t advise you to take the car.

need，want，require，deserve

need to be done= need doing

-ing 动词短语的用法

一. 动词的-ing 形式作定语:

running water running shoes flying fish flying suit

living things living conditions dancing waves a waiting bus

a waiting room a swimming boy a swimming pool a writing desk China is a developing country.

The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.

Do you know the three children walking toward us?

二. 动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语

动词的-ing 形式可以在某些动词如: see, hear, notice; watch, keep, find, get, have, feel 等词后与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语.

1.Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.

2.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

3.Do you see a girl running towards us?

4.I can’t have you catching cold.

5.Did you see a strange man ______ (go / going) to the building?

三. 动词的-ing 连用的重要句型:

1. have difficulty ( trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, a good time , a hard time) (in )dong sth.

e.g. We had no difficulty ( problem, trouble) in finding his house.

I had a good time living with the neighbour.

We had much fun / pleasure talking with him.

2. There’s no need / use/ harm / hurry / knowing (in) doing sth.

e.g. There’s no use making an excuse for this.

There’s no need waiting for him.

There’s no hurry getting ready for this.

3. feel like doing

4. be in the habit of doing sth.

5. on doing sth.

e.g. On hearing the news, I changed my play. = As soon as I heard the news, I changed my play.

6. be worth doing

四. 动词的-ing 形式作主语

1. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.

2. Studying abroad is very difficult in the first few months.

3. Seeing is believing.

动词的-ing 形式作主语时常用句型：

1.It’s no good / use doing sth.: It’s no good / use having a car if you can’t drive.

2.It’s great fun doing sth. It’s great fun ( to prepare ) preparing for a party.

3.It’s a waste of time doing sth. It’s a waste of time talking to him.

4.It’s interesting / foolish / nice / difficult doing sth.

e.g. It’s interesting organizing ( to organize) a dance.

5. There is no….

e.g. There’s no joking about such matters.

There’s no saying what may happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事.

五. 动词的-ing 形式作表语

1. My hobby is colleting stamps.

2. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the students.

注: 动词的-ing 形式和不定式都可以作主语或表语, 一般来说, 在表示抽象笼统的一般动作时多用动词的-ing 形式; 在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.如:

1.Smoking is not allowed here.

2.It isn’t good for you to smoke so much.

3.My job is typing letters and papers.

4.My job now is to type these letters and papers.

六. 动词的-ing 形式作宾语:

1. 只接动词的-ing 形式作宾语的动词和动词短语: finish, complete, suggest, avoid, stop, mind,

enjoy, delay, practice, advise, consider, escape, miss, imagine, risk, prevent, appreciate, resist, keep on, give up, put off, get through, dislike, can’t help, burst into, succeed in; feel like; be fond of; keep on; stop ( prevent ) … from; be used to doing; spend … on; be interested in

2. 两者都可以，但区别较大者：

1)remember / forget / regret

2)try

3)mean

4)like / prefer / hate / love (抽象、笼统与具体、特定)

e.g. I hate speaking before a big audience. / I hate to say so, but I really ca n’t go.

I love doing comedies. / I’d love to go to the cinema now.

5）start / begin

在以下三种情况下，只用不定式作宾语：

a. 主语是物不是人：The weather began / started to get fine.

b. start 和begin用于进行时：He’s beginning / starting to cook the dinner.

c. 后跟表示情感、意念或思想的动词：I began / started to realize that I was wrong.

6）stop 7）go on

七．动词的-ing 形式作状语

1. Arriving there, he made up his mind t go in.

2. Not knowing her telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with her.

3. Helen was sitting by the window, reading a novel.

4. His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.

当动词的-ing 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，应使用完成式，即：having done. 如：

1.Having finished homework, he rushed out to play football.

2.Having invited him to give us a talk, we’d better go to listen to him.

3.Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover.

动词的-ing 形式还有被动式，表示与句子的主语之间是被动关系。如

1.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t refuse.

2.Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.

3.Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

动词的-ing 形式作状语时，无论是主动式还是被动，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。

e.g. Rushing into the dining – room, supper was waiting for me.

Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was there waiting for me.

Having warned him that there would be a storm, the captain decided not to leave port. Having been warned that there would be a storm, the captain decided not to leave port. While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.

While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.