英文外科试题1
外科学英文 题库
外科学英文题库Medical Advancements in Surgical Practices: A Comprehensive ExplorationThe field of surgery has witnessed remarkable advancements over the years, revolutionizing the way healthcare professionals approach and manage various medical conditions. Surgical practices have evolved significantly, driven by the pursuit of improved patient outcomes, reduced risk, and enhanced efficiency. This comprehensive exploration delves into the various facets of surgical disciplines, highlighting the key advancements that have shaped the landscape of modern medical care.At the forefront of surgical progress lies the integration of cutting-edge technology. The advent of robotic-assisted surgery has transformed the traditional surgical approach, allowing for greater precision, reduced invasiveness, and enhanced visualization. Robotic systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, have enabled surgeons to perform complex procedures with enhanced dexterity, improved ergonomics, and reduced physical strain. These technological advancements have not only improved surgical outcomes but also expanded the scope of treatable conditions,making previously inaccessible procedures more feasible and accessible to patients.In addition to the integration of robotics, the field of surgical imaging has undergone remarkable advancements. The utilization of intraoperative imaging techniques, such as fluorescence-guided surgery and real-time imaging systems, has revolutionized the way surgeons visualize and navigate the surgical field. These advanced imaging modalities provide surgeons with enhanced visualization of anatomical structures, enabling them to identify critical structures more accurately and minimize the risk of complications. The integration of augmented reality and mixed reality technologies into the surgical workflow further enhances the surgeon's understanding of the surgical anatomy, facilitating more precise and efficient interventions.Alongside technological advancements, the field of surgical education and training has also witnessed significant progress. The implementation of simulation-based training platforms has transformed the way aspiring surgeons acquire and refine their skills. These virtual reality and augmented reality-based platforms allow trainees to practice complex surgical procedures in a risk-free environment, honing their technical proficiency and decision-making abilities before performing real-world operations. The incorporation of these educational tools has led to improved surgical skills,reduced learning curves, and enhanced patient safety.Furthermore, the advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques have profoundly impacted the landscape of modern surgery. Procedures such as laparoscopic, endoscopic, and arthroscopic surgeries have become increasingly prevalent, offering patients reduced surgical trauma, shorter recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes. The development of specialized instruments and techniques has enabled surgeons to access and operate on target tissues through smaller incisions, minimizing the overall impact on the patient's body and promoting faster healing.The field of surgical oncology has also witnessed remarkable progress, driven by the integration of advanced imaging, targeted therapies, and personalized treatment approaches. The utilization of precision diagnostics, such as genomic profiling and molecular imaging, has enabled clinicians to tailor treatment strategies to the individual patient's unique tumor characteristics. This personalized approach has led to improved outcomes, reduced side effects, and greater efficacy in the management of various cancer types.In the realm of cardiovascular surgery, advancements in techniques and technologies have revolutionized the treatment of complex heart and vascular conditions. Minimally invasive procedures, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and endovascularaneurysm repair (EVAR), have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional open-heart surgeries, offering patients less invasive options with reduced recovery times and improved quality of life.The field of neurosurgery has also witnessed remarkable advancements, particularly in the areas of image-guided surgery, neuromodulation, and stem cell-based therapies. The utilization of advanced imaging techniques, such as intraoperative MRI and functional MRI, has enabled neurosurgeons to navigate the complex anatomy of the brain with greater precision, minimizing the risk of neurological deficits. Furthermore, the development of neuromodulation therapies, including deep brain stimulation and spinal cord stimulation, has provided new avenues for the management of various neurological disorders, offering relief to patients who may have previously had limited treatment options.In the field of orthopedic surgery, innovations in biomaterials, implant design, and surgical techniques have revolutionized the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. The use of advanced prosthetic joints, such as hip and knee replacements, has transformed the lives of patients suffering from arthritis and other degenerative joint diseases. Additionally, the incorporation of regenerative medicine approaches, including stem cell therapies and tissue engineering, has opened up new possibilities for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, offering promising solutionsfor musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative disorders.The advancements in surgical practices extend beyond the boundaries of individual specialties, with the emergence of multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches to patient care. The integration of various medical disciplines, such as oncology, cardiology, and neurology, has fostered a holistic and patient-centric approach to surgical interventions. This collaborative model has led to enhanced decision-making, improved patient outcomes, and the development of innovative treatment strategies that leverage the expertise of diverse healthcare professionals.In conclusion, the field of surgery has undergone a remarkable transformation, driven by the constant pursuit of innovation and the relentless efforts of healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes. From the integration of cutting-edge technologies to the refinement of minimally invasive techniques, the advancements in surgical practices have profoundly impacted the way medical care is delivered. As we continue to witness the evolution of surgical disciplines, the future holds the promise of even more remarkable breakthroughs that will further enhance the quality of life for patients worldwide.。
外科英语试题及答案
外科英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a common surgical instrument?A. ScalpelB. ForcepsC. StethoscopeD. Hemostat2. What does the term "laparotomy" refer to?A. Abdominal incisionB. Chest incisionC. Heart surgeryD. Brain surgery3. The term "hemostasis" is used to describe:A. Blood clottingB. Blood pressureC. Blood transfusionD. Blood circulation4. Which of the following is a type of skin closure?A. SutureB. IncisionC. DrainageD. Bandage5. The abbreviation "CPR" stands for:A. Cardiovascular Pathology ReportB. Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationC. Clinical Pathology ReportD. Clinical Practice Review6. What is the purpose of a "tourniquet" in surgery?A. To immobilize a limbB. To control bleedingC. To measure blood pressureD. To administer anesthesia7. The term "anesthesia" refers to:A. Loss of consciousnessB. Loss of sensationC. Loss of memoryD. Loss of appetite8. Which of the following is not a type of anesthesia?A. General anesthesiaB. Local anesthesiaC. Regional anesthesiaD. Partial anesthesia9. The abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. InvasiveC. IntraventricularD. In vitro10. What is the medical term for the removal of a tumor?A. AmputationB. ExcisionC. IncisionD. Aspiration答案：1. C2. A3. A4. A5. B6. B7. B8. D9. A 10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The surgical procedure to remove an appendix is known as __________.Answer: Appendectomy2. A __________ is a medical professional who assists the surgeon during an operation.Answer: Scrub Nurse3. The term "postoperative" refers to the period __________ the surgery.Answer: After4. A __________ is a tube used to drain fluid from a wound. Answer: Drain5. The abbreviation "SICU" stands for __________.Answer: Surgical Intensive Care Unit6. The surgical removal of a kidney is known as __________. Answer: Nephrectomy7. A __________ is a medical condition characterized by excessive bleeding.Answer: Hemorrhage8. The term "incision" refers to a __________ made in the body.Answer: Cut9. The abbreviation "ASA" stands for __________.Answer: American Society of Anesthesiologists10. A __________ is a medical condition where the body's tissues are deprived of oxygen.Answer: Hypoxia三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. What is the difference between general anesthesia andlocal anesthesia?Answer: General anesthesia induces a state of unconsciousness and prevents the patient from feeling pain throughout the entire body. Local anesthesia numbs a specific area of the body, allowing the patient to remain conscious while the surgical site is insensitive to pain.2. Explain the purpose of a surgical incision.Answer: A surgical incision is made to access internal organs or tissues for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment, or removal of a diseased or damaged part.3. What is the role of a surgical scrub nurse?Answer: A surgical scrub nurse assists the surgeon by preparing the surgical site, handling instruments during the operation, and ensuring the sterility of the operating environment.4. Describe the importance of hemostasis in surgery.Answer: Hemostasis is crucial in surgery to prevent excessive blood loss, which can lead to complications such as hypovolemic shock. It also helps to maintain a clear operating field.5. What are the steps involved in performing a suture?Answer: The steps involved in performing a suture include cleaning the wound, approximating the edges, selecting the appropriate suture material, passing the suture through the tissue, and tying a secure knot.6. Explain the concept of informed consent in surgery.Answer: Informed consent is a legal and ethical process where the patient is provided with all the necessary information about the surgery, including its risks, benefits, and alternatives. The patient must understand this information and voluntarily agree。
医用英语1答案
医用英语1答案Unit1 BrainT ext AStrange but True: When Half a Brain Is Better than a Whole OneComprehension ExercisesExercise 1 True or False QuestionKey: 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.FExercise 2 Questions and AnswersKey:1) Hemispherectomy is a surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere (half of the brain) is removed or disabled. This procedure is used to treat a variety of seizure disorders.2) Anatomical hemispherectomies involve the removal of the entire hemisphere, whereas functional hemispherectomies only take out parts of a hemisphere, as well as severing the corpus callosum.3) Anatomical hemispherectomy leave no room for the return of seizures; functional hemispherectomies cause less blood loss.4) you lose use of the hand opposite of the hemisphere that was removed. You have little function in that arm and vision on that side is lost.5) T o investigate how their brain changes with physical rehabilitation. Probing how the remaining cerebral hemispheres of these patients acquirelanguage, sensory, motor and other functions "could shed a great deal of light on the brain's plasticity, or ability to change.Vocabulary ExercisesKey:1）surgeon2）disorders3）physiologists4）procedure5）Neurologist6）removal7）developmental8）abnormalities9）disability10）rehabilitationExercise 2 Translations of the SentencesDirections: Translating the following into English, using the words or phrases appeared in text.Key:1）When I have a fever and headache, she concludes that I have a brain tumor.2）Seizures and headaches are common first signs of a glioma.3）Doctors use the term congenital for a defect or disease present atbirth.4）She was transferred to a specialized rehabilitation hospital in the San Francisco Bay area.5）The procedure repairs four different heart abnormalities at once.Enhance your command of general wordsKey:1）alternative2）specialty3）was afflicted4）has displaced5）plasticity6）probe7）succumb8）evacuated9）downside10）severSentence TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences from the text into Chinese.Key:1）大脑半球切除术指的是移除某一侧大脑半球，这样的手术听起来不可思议，也非常少施行。
外科专业英语
酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱 acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡acute/chro nic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒 acidemia 酸血症 acute/chro nic alkalosis 急性 / 慢性碱中毒alkalemia 碱血症simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡 mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡posthypercap nic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒 diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 uremia 尿毒症 lacticacidosis 乳酸酸中毒acid-base bala nee 酸碱平衡buffer system 缓冲对系统 delta gap 阳离子间隙 respiratory alkalosis 呼碱 metabolic alkalosis 代碱 hyperchloremia 高氯血症 hyperoxemia 高氧血症 hypercalcemia 高钙血症 hyperkalemia 高钾血症 hyper natremia 高钠血症 magn esium excess 镁过多 hypermag nesemia 高镁血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症anion gap 阴离子间隙 respiratory acidosis 呼酸 metabolic acidosis 代酸 hypochloremia 低氯血症hypoxemia 低氧血症 hypocalcemia 低钙血症 hypokalemia 低钾血症 hyp on atremia 低钠血症 magn esium deficie ncy 镁缺乏 hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hypercap nia 高碳酸血症sali ne-resp on sive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒sali ne-resista nt alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒isoto nic dehydrati on 等渗性缺水 hypoto nic dehydratio n 低渗性缺水 hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水 edema 水肿acute lymphade nitis 急性淋巴结 fur un culosis 疖病 carb un cle 痈abscess 脓肿acute ulcer 急性溃疡chronic ulcer 慢性溃疡fistula cannu las 瘘管 sinus tract 窦道 外科营养 肠外营养 parenteral nutrition 或 intravenous nutrition肠内营养 enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症 metabolic complications胆汁淤积 cholestasis 基础能量消耗 basal energy expenditure BEE外科手术手术刀scalpel刀片blade刀柄hilt手术剪 surgical scissorswater in toxicatio n 水中毒 休克 shock 休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克 shock lung 休克肺 软组织感染 furun cle 疖parony chia 甲沟炎hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克 septic shock 脓毒性休克 shockkid ney 休克肾erysipelas 丹毒acute phlegm on 急性蜂窝织炎acute lympha ngitis 急性淋巴管炎felon 脓性指头炎误吸 aspirati on 腹泻 diarrhea组织钳 tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器 needle holder 缝合针 suture needle拉钩 retractor巾钳 towel clip环钳 ring forceps 不可吸收缝线 non absorbable suture 丝线 silk suture切开 incision剥离 d issecti on 止血 hemostasis结扎 ligatio n缝合suture剪线 cutt ing suture 拆线 removing suture引流 drain age骨科arthro-关节 articulo-关节cranio-颅 osteo-骨 burso-囊cho ndro-软骨 costo-肋 骨 myelo-骨髓 spon dylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的vertebra 摊骨fascio-筋膜 teno/te ndo/te ndino 肌 -ki nesia 运-porosis 多孑 L-trophy 发育-malacia 软化1、中轴骨 AXIAL BONESbone n.骨rib n.肋vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎止血钳 hemostatic forceps弯血管钳Kelly clamp有齿止血钳 kocher forceps直血管钳 straight clamp 蚊式止血钳 mosquito forceps手术镊forcepslumbar vertebrae 腰椎sternum n.胸骨sacrum n 骶骨coccyx 尾骨ster nal man ubrium 胸骨柄 xiphoid process 佥“突 atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎 sternal an gle 胸骨角thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅 SKULLskull n.parietal bone 顶骨 fron tal bone 额骨 occipital bone 枕骨emporal bone 颞骨sphe noid bone 蝶骨 ethmoid bone 筛 骨 mandible n.下颌 骨 hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨 maxilla n.上颌骨 palati ne bone 腭骨 n asal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨zygomatic bone 颧骨 in ferior n asal con cha 下鼻甲 orbit n .眶cor onal suture 冠状缝sagital suture 矢状缝lambdoid suture 人字缝 cranial fon ta nelle 颅囟 2、 附肢骨 TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONESscapula n.肩 胛 humerus n.肱 骨ischium n.坐骨patella n.髌骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节韧带clavicle n.锁 骨 radius n 桡骨 metacarpal bone 掌骨hip bone 髋骨 pubisn.耻骨 tibia n.胫骨ulna n 尺骨carpal bone 腕骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨temporal-ma ndibular joi nt 颞下颌关节 articulati on n.关节 ligame nt n.韧带 in tervertebral disc 椎间盘 shoulder joint 肩关节 elbow joint 肘关节 radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节pelvis n.骨盆 hip joint 髋关节 knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节arthrography n.关节造影compacta n 骨密度 epiphysis n.骨骺 ossification n.骨化 synovial joints 滑膜关节 fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结cartilaginous joints 软骨连结articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔)suture 缝articular capsule 关节囊extracapsular ligame nt 囊外韧带intracapsular ligament 囊内韧带yellow ligament 黄韧带fibrous layer (membra ne 纤维层，纤维膜 syno vial layer (membra ne)滑膜层，滑膜ynovial fold (villi)滑膜襞 synovial fluid 滑液 circumduction 环转运动vertebral joints 椎骨连结ion tersp inous ligame nt 棘间韧带flexi on n.屈 medial rotation 旋内sup in atio n n 旋后extension n.伸展 lateral rotation 旋夕卜 circumducti on n.环转adducti on n.收 pronation n 旋前. vertebral colu mn 脊柱articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇in tertra nsverse ligame nt横突间韧带Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核—Anterior Iongitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior Iongitudinal 后纵韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joi nt 腰骶连结Costovertebral joi nts 肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Lambdoid suture 人字缝Costotra nsverse joi nt 肋横突关节Cra nial suture 颅缝Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Coronal (sagittal) suture冠矢状缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporoma ndibular joi nt 颞下颌关节joi nts of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial ligame nt 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular ligame nt 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Elbow joint 肘关节Sternoclavicular joint '胸锁关节Shoulder joint 肩关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Joints of hand手关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Radiocarpal joint .wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joi nt of thumb 拇指腕掌关节In termetacarpal joi nts 掌骨间关节Metacarpophala ngeal joi nts 掌指关节In terphala ngeal joi nts of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孑L 膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Pelvis 骨盆Sacrotuberous ligame nt骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramer坐骨大(小)孑Termin al li ne 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髓关节Knee joint膝关节Tran sverse acetabular lig髋臼横韧带Ligame nt of head of femur 股骨头韧带Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Tran sverse ligame nt of knee膝横韧带An terior cruciate ligame nt 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligame nt后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(胫)侧畐H韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syn desmosis 胫腓连结Crural in terosseous membra nel、腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节ankle joint, 踝关节talocrural joi nt,距小腿关节in tertarsal joi nts 跗骨间关节subtalar joi nt, talocalca neal joi nt 距下关节距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalca neon avicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节tran sverse arch横弓in termetatarsal joi nts 跖骨间关节metatarsophala ngeal join跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) Iongitudinal arch 内(外)侧纵弓其他Arthrosclerosis 关节硬化Cho ndromalacia 软骨软化症Dege nerated Joi nt Diseas变性关节炎Bo ne graft 骨移植Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Amputation 截肢Matastatic Lesio n转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Prosthesis Replaceme nt人工弥补置换术腹部脏器Stomach 胃Liver 肝Small intestine 小肠Col on 结肠(asce nding tran sverse desce nding sigmoid)Duode num 十二指肠 Jejunum 空肠辅助检查Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超声检查 Barium enema 钡灌肠 Barium swallow 钡餐 Liver biopsy 肝活检Stool culture 粪检 Retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影En doscopic retrograde chola ngiopa ncreatography 经 内镜逆行性胆胰管Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Urine culture and sen sitivity 尿培养和敏感试验 Urin alysis 尿分析 内镜Gastroscopy 胃窥镜 Enteroscopy 小肠内镜 Colonoscopy 结肠内镜Cystoscopy 膀胱镜Ileum 回肠 Pancreas 胰 Spleen Gallbladder 胆囊 KidneyCecum 盲肠vermiform appendix 阑尾脾 Bile duct 胆管 肾Rectum 直肠 large in test ine 大肠 anal canal 肛管Urin alysis 尿分析ureteroscope输尿管镜术式Highly selective vagotomy 高选择性迷走神经切断术 Gastrojejunostomy 胃空肠吻合术 Truncal vagotomy 迷走神经切断术 En terectomy 肠切除术 Choledochectomy 胆总管切除术 Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除术Pan creatoduode nectomy 胰十二指肠切除术 Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术Abdominoperineal resection 腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术 Low anterior resection 直肠低位前切除术 Hepatectomy 肝切除术Nephrectomy 肾切除术 Nephron sparing surgery 保留肾单位手术 Ureter on eocystostomy 膀胱输尿管吻合术orchiectomy ; testectomy 睾丸切除术 ureterectomy 输尿管切除术 cystectomy 膀胱切除术cysto-urethral a nastomosis 膀胱输尿管吻合术 partial or radical n ephrectomy 局部 / 根治性肾切除术 PCNL : percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 经皮肾取石术 ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外冲击波碎石术Laparotomy 开腹Appe ndectomy 阑尾切除术 Colectomy 结肠切除术 Colostomy 结肠造瘘Surgical explorati on 手术探查心胸外valve prosthesis 人工瓣膜bicuspid 二尖瓣tricuspid valve 三尖瓣pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣aortic valve 主动脉瓣ventricle 心室atrium pl.atrial 心房in teratrial 心房间的atriove ntricular 房室的intrventricular 心室间的atrial septum 房间隔ven tricuar septum 室间隔an giography 血管造影aortography主动脉造影pneumotharax ；aerothorax 气胸tension pneumotharax 张力性气胸pleural effussion 胸腔积液hydrothorax 胸腔积液pun cture 穿刺thoracoce ntesis 胸腔穿刺术drain age 弓I 流closed thoracic drain age 闭式胸腔引流mitral ste no sis 二尖瓣狭窄rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病aortic ste no sis 动脉硬化mitral regurgitati on 二尖瓣反流valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术aortic stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化hemorrhage 出血an gi/o 血管vas/o 血管arter/o arteri/o 动脉phleb/o 静脉ven/o静脉arteriole微动脉aortic regurgitati on 主动脉反流in trave nous静脉内的hematuria 血尿vascul/o血管aort/o主动脉ather/o 动脉thromb/o血栓ven ule 微静脉ischemia 缺血an gioste no sis血官狭窄间脑：diencephalon中脑：midbrain延髓：medulla oblongata 回: convolution gyri胼胝体：corpus callosum 额叶：Frontal lobe 颞叶：Temporal lobe蛛网膜下腔：Subarachnoid spaceOptic 视神经 Trochlear 滑车神经 Abduce ns 外展神经 Vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经 Vagus 迷走神经Hypoglossal 舌下神经posterior root 后根12 对胸神经 thoracic nerves 5 对腰神经 lumbar nerves 5 对骶神经 sacral nerves神外大脑：cerebrum 脑桥：brain stem 脑桥：pons 小脑：cerebellum 沟：sulci横裂：transvers fissue 顶叶：Parietal lobe 枕叶：Occipital lobe 蛛网膜：Arachnoid matter Olfactory N嗅神经 Oculomotor 动眼神经 Trigem inal 三叉神经 Facial面神经Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经 Accessory畐U 神经Spi nal nerve 脊神经 anterior root 前根 spinal gan gli on 脊神经节 8 对颈神经1 对尾神经coccygeal nerves颈丛cervical plexus 臂丛brachial plexus神经丛：胸神经前支anterior branch of the thoracic nerve腰丛lumbar plexus 骶丛sacral plexus段落翻译----乳腺mastitis 孚L腺炎retromammary abscess 孚L房后脓肿breast sarcoma孚L房肉瘤breast cancer 孚L腺癌inflammatory breast carcinoma 炎性孚L腺炎radical mastectomy乳腺癌根治术extensive radical mastectomy 乳腺癌扩大根治术modified radical mastectomy 孚L腺癌改良根治术total mastectomy 全乳房切除术lumpectomy and axillary dissection保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术胃肠疾病（课件）、骨折（课件）、甲状腺（那一本）还是看课件吧gastro-duode nal disease 胃十二指肠疾病peptic ulcer消化性溃疡in testi nal obstructi on 肠梗阻volvulus 肠扭转Colorectal Ca ncer 结肠直肠癌anal fissure 肛裂Fistula瘘，瘘管Hemorrhoid 痔疮ano rectal abscess肛门直肠脓肿。
外科专业英语
酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia 酸血症acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒alkalemia 碱血症simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡buffer system 缓冲对系统anion gap 阴离子间隙delta gap 阳离子间隙respiratory acidosis 呼酸respiratory alkalosis 呼碱metabolic acidosis 代酸metabolic alkalosis 代碱hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypoxemia 低氧血症hyperoxemia 高氧血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏magnesium excess 镁过多hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症hypercapnia 高碳酸血posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia 尿毒症lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水edema 水肿water intoxication 水中毒休克shock 休克hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克septic shock脓毒性休克shock lung 休克肺shock kidney 休克肾软组织感染furuncle 疖paronychia 甲沟炎erysipelas 丹毒acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈abscess 脓肿acute ulcer急性溃疡chronic ulcer 慢性fistula cannulas瘘管sinus tract 窦道felon 脓性指头炎外科营养肠外营养parenteral nutrition 或intravenous nutrition肠内营养enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症metabolic complications胆汁淤积cholestasis 基础能量消耗basal energy expenditure BEE误吸aspiration 腹泻diarrhea外科手术手术刀scalpel 刀片blade刀柄hilt 手术剪surgical scissors止血钳hemostatic forceps 直血管钳straight clamp弯血管钳Kelly clamp 蚊式止血钳mosquito forceps有齿止血钳kocher forceps 手术镊forceps组织钳tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器needle holder缝合针suture needle 拉钩retractor巾钳towel clip 环钳ring forceps不可吸收缝线nonabsorbable suture 丝线silk suture切开incision 剥离dissection止血hemostasis 结扎ligation缝合suture 剪线cutting suture拆线removing suture 引流drainage骨科arthro-关节articulo-关节cranio-颅osteo-骨burso-囊chondro-软骨costo-肋骨myelo-骨髓spondylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的vertebra-椎骨fascio-筋膜teno/tendo/tendino-肌-kinesia 运-porosis 多孔-trophy 发育-malacia 软化1、中轴骨AXIAL BONESbone n.骨rib n.肋vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sternum n.胸骨sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎sternal angle 胸骨角thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULLskull n. parietal bone 顶骨frontal bone 额骨occipital bone 枕骨emporal bone 颞骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 筛骨mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨zygomatic bone 颧骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲orbit n.眶coronal suture冠状缝sagital suture 矢状缝lambdoid suture 人字缝cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES clavicle n.锁骨scapula n.肩胛humerus n.肱骨radius n.桡骨ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨hip bone 髋骨ilium n.髂骨ischium n.坐骨pubis n.耻骨femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨tibia n.胫骨fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节韧带flexion n.屈extension n. 伸展adduction n.收medial rotation 旋内lateral rotation 旋外pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后circumduction n.环转vertebral column 脊柱temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节articulation n.关节ligament n.韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节pelvis n.骨盆hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节arthrography n.关节造影compacta n.骨密度epiphysis n.骨骺ossification n.骨化synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结cartilaginous joints 软骨连结articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) suture缝articular disk关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule关节囊extracapsular ligament 囊外韧带intracapsular ligament 囊内韧带yellow ligament黄韧带fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜ynovial fold (villi)滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液circumduction 环转运动vertebral joints椎骨连结ionterspinous ligament棘间韧带intertransverse ligament横突间韧带Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal后纵韧带Zygapophysial joint关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Lambdoid suture 人字缝Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Cranial suture 颅缝Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Coronal (sagittal) suture冠矢状缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结coracoacromial ligament喙间韧带Coracoclavicular ligament喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节Elbow joint肘关节Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节Shoulder joint肩关节Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节Joints of hand手关节Humeroradial joint肱桡关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc耻骨间盘Obturator membrane闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节Pelvis骨盆Sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔Terminal line界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle耻骨下角Pelvic cavity骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Knee joint膝关节Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse ligament of knee膝横韧带Anterior cruciate ligament前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella髌韧带Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节ankle joint，踝关节talocrural joint,距小腿关节intertarsal joints跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节transverse arch横弓intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓其他Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Chondromalacia软骨软化症Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎Bone graft 骨移植Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Amputation 截肢Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术腹部脏器Stomach 胃Liver 肝Small intestine 小肠Colon 结肠（ascending，transverse，descending，sigmoid）Duodenum 十二指肠Jejunum 空肠Ileum 回肠Pancreas 胰Spleen 脾Bile duct 胆管Gallbladder 胆囊Kidney 肾Rectum 直肠Cecum 盲肠large intestine 大肠vermiform appendix阑尾anal canal 肛管辅助检查Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺Urinalysis 尿分析Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超声检查Barium enema 钡灌肠Barium swallow 钡餐Liver biopsy 肝活检Stool culture 粪检Retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography经内镜逆行性胆胰管造影Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Urine culture and sensitivity 尿培养和敏感试验Urinalysis 尿分析内镜Gastroscopy 胃窥镜Enteroscopy 小肠内镜Colonoscopy 结肠内镜Cystoscopy 膀胱镜ureteroscope 输尿管镜术式Highly selective vagotomy 高选择性迷走神经切断术Gastrojejunostomy 胃空肠吻合术Truncal vagotomy 迷走神经切断术Laparotomy 开腹Enterectomy 肠切除术Appendectomy 阑尾切除术Choledochectomy 胆总管切除术Colectomy 结肠切除术Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术Colostomy 结肠造瘘Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除术Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术Abdominoperineal resection 腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术Low anterior resection 直肠低位前切除术Hepatectomy 肝切除术Nephrectomy 肾切除术Nephron sparing surgery 保留肾单位手术Ureteroneocystostomy 膀胱输尿管吻合术orchiectomy ; testectomy 睾丸切除术ureterectomy 输尿管切除术cystectomy 膀胱切除术cysto-urethral anastomosis膀胱输尿管吻合术partial or radical nephrectomy 局部/根治性肾切除术PCNL：percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 经皮肾取石术ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外冲击波碎石术Surgical exploration 手术探查心胸外valve prosthesis 人工瓣膜bicuspid 二尖瓣tricuspid valve 三尖瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣ventricle 心室atrium pl.atrial 心房interatrial心房间的atrioventricular房室的intrventricular心室间的atrial septum 房间隔ventricuar septum 室间隔angiography 血管造影aortography 主动脉造影pneumotharax ；aerothorax 气胸tension pneumotharax 张力性气胸pleural effussion胸腔积液hydrothorax 胸腔积液puncture 穿刺thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术drainage 引流closed thoracic drainage 闭式胸腔引流mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病aortic stenosis动脉硬化mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化intravenous 静脉内的hemorrhage出血hematuria血尿angi/o血管vas/o血管vascul/o血管aort/o主动脉arter/o arteri/o动脉ather/o动脉phleb/o静脉ven/o静脉thromb/o血栓venule微静脉arteriole微动脉angiostenosis血管狭窄ischemia缺血vena cava腔静脉神外大脑：cerebrum 间脑：diencephalon脑桥：brain stem 中脑：midbrain脑桥：pons 延髓：medulla oblongata小脑：cerebellum 回：convolution gyri沟：sulci 胼胝体：corpus callosum 横裂：transvers fissue 额叶：Frontal lobe顶叶：Parietal lobe 颞叶：Temporal lobe枕叶：Occipital lobe蛛网膜：Arachnoid matter 蛛网膜下腔：Subarachnoid spaceOlfactory N 嗅神经Optic 视神经Oculomotor 动眼神经Trochlear 滑车神经Trigeminal 三叉神经Abducens 外展神经Facial 面神经Vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经Vagus 迷走神经Accessory 副神经Hypoglossal 舌下神经Spinal nerve 脊神经anterior root前根posterior root 后根spinal ganglion脊神经节8对颈神经cervical nerves 12对胸神经thoracic nerves5对腰神经lumbar nerves 5对骶神经sacral nerves1对尾神经coccygeal nerves神经丛：颈丛cervical plexus 臂丛brachial plexus 胸神经前支anterior branch of the thoracic nerve腰丛lumbar plexus 骶丛sacral plexus段落翻译----乳腺mastitis 乳腺炎retromammary abscess 乳房后脓肿breast sarcoma 乳房肉瘤breast cancer 乳腺癌inflammatory breast carcinoma 炎性乳腺炎radical mastectomy 乳腺癌根治术extensive radical mastectomy 乳腺癌扩大根治术modified radical mastectomy 乳腺癌改良根治术total mastectomy 全乳房切除术lumpectomy and axillary dissection 保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术胃肠疾病（课件）、骨折（课件）、甲状腺（那一本）还是看课件吧gastro-duodenal disease 胃十二指肠疾病peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻volvulus 肠扭转Colorectal Cancer 结肠直肠癌anal fissure 肛裂Fistula 瘘，瘘管Hemorrhoid 痔疮anorectal abscess 肛门直肠脓肿Welcome To Download !!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。
(完整word版)英文外科试题1
1 The contraindication of liver puncture is DA bacterial hepatic abscessB primary hepatic carcinomaC posthepatitis cirrhosisD hepatic echinococcosisE hepatic cyte2 The basic construction and functional unit is AA hepatic cellB hepatic lobulesC hepatic sinusoidD kuffer cellE bile duct3 The infection path of bacterial hepatic abscess is AA bile ductB hepatic arteryC portal veinD lymphatic vesselE trauma4 What is the best approach to diagnose the hepatic carcinoma of which the diameter is below 2 cm CA hepatic punctureB ultrasoundC CTAD CTE MRI5 The best therapy to hepatic carcinoma is AA operate therapyB injection therapyC radiation therapyD chemical therapyE embolism therapy6. Living-related right lobe liver transplantation can be justified currently for EA non-urgent adults with cirrhosis and poor quality of life on a waiting list for a liver transplantB any patient with cirrhosis who has an identical twinC childrenD any patient requiring re-transplantation for chronic rejectionE any patient with an urgent need for transplant such as fulminant hepatic failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)7.The most serious consequence recorded so far in living-related liver donors is DA small-bowel obstructionB infectionC requirement for liver transplantationD deathE bile-leak8The liver is located in the AA RUQ immediately above the diaphragmB RUQ immediately below the diaphragmC LUQ immediately behind the pancreasD LLQ immediately above the transverse colonE LUQ immediately behind the transverse colon9 Which of the following statements about the functions of the liver is FALSE? DA It picks up excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen.B It stores certain vitamins.C It detoxifies alcohol.D It is the site of the brush border.E It is the only organ in the body that can regenerate itself.10 The abdominopelvic cavity contains all but the: BA LiverB LungsC PancreasD BladderE Stomach11 You were called from a juvenile psychiatric ward to evaluate a new admit with elevatedliver enzymes. What is the most likely differential diagnosis? DA HemochromatosisB Cystic fibrosisC Wilson's diseaseD Hepatic encephalopathyE Chronic hepatitis C12 The organ of the digestive system that processes digested nutrients in the blood and is the largest organ inside the body is DA EsophagusB StomachC Small intestineD LiverE Colon13 Within the liver, bile is produced by ____C__and secreted into bile canaliculi.A Kupffer cellsB Liver lobulesC HepatocytesD Acinar cellsE Cholangiole14 The condition in which the liver becomes infused with fibrous tissue and is unable torepair itself is known as BA HepatitisB CirrhosisC JaundiceD HepatomaE Hepatic abscess15 Entamoeba histolytica primarily invades the BA LiverB Large intestineC Small intestineD LungsE Stomach16 Which of the following vitamins is not stored in the liver? AA CB DC B12D AE K17 The liver stores __B__ for energy.A Nucleic acidsB GlycogenC GlucoseD VitaminsE Lipid18 Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver? DA Glycogen storageB DetoxificationC Synthesis of clotting proteinsD ErythropoiesisE Immunifaction19 The liver contains special blood channels termed .DA SinusoidsB Central veinC Hepatic cellsD Portal veinsE Hepatic veins20 Which organ produces and secretes bile? AA LiverB GallbladderC PancreasD DuodenumE Stomach21 The Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in the AA LiverB GallbladderC PancreasD DuodenumE Stomach22 Which of the following are liver waste products? AA BilirubinB Bile saltsC CholesterolD ElectrolytesE Vitamins。
外科学英语问答
外科学英语问答Title: Questions and Answers in Surgical English1. What is a surgical incision?A surgical incision is a deliberate cut made through the skin and sometimes deeper tissues during a surgical procedure. It provides access to the underlying structures that need to be manipulated or treated.2. What are the different types of surgical incisions?There are various types of surgical incisions, including: - Midline incision: A straight incision made along the midline of the body, commonly used in abdominal surgeries.- Transverse incision: An incision made horizontally across the body, often used in procedures such as cesarean sections.- Oblique incision: A diagonal incision made at an angle, used in surgeries where better access or cosmesis is desired.- Paramedian incision: An incision made parallel to the midline but not directly on it, providing good access while minimizing damage to muscles.- Pfannenstiel incision: A horizontal incision made just above the pubic hairline, commonly used in gynecological and pelvic surgeries.3. What is hemostasis in surgery?Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding, either by the body's natural mechanisms or through surgical techniques. It is crucial during surgery to maintain a clear surgical field and prevent excessive blood loss.4. How is hemostasis achieved during surgery?Hemostasis can be achieved through various methods, including:- Direct pressure: Applying pressure to the bleedingvessel to stop the flow of blood.- Ligature: Tying off the bleeding vessel with suture material to occlude it.- Electrocautery: Using electrical current to heat and coagulate blood vessels, effectively sealing them.- Hemostatic agents: Using topical agents such as gelatin sponges or thrombin to promote clotting and stop bleeding.- Vessel sealing devices: Using specialized instruments that simultaneously seal and cut blood vessels during surgery.5. What is anastomosis in surgery?Anastomosis is the surgical joining of two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments, to allow for theflow of fluid or passage of contents between them. It is commonly performed in procedures such as vascular surgery and gastrointestinal surgery.6. What are the principles of aseptic technique in surgery?Aseptic technique is essential in surgery to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Principles of aseptic technique include:- Hand hygiene: Thorough handwashing and the use of antiseptic solutions before and during procedures.- Sterile attire: Wearing sterile gowns, gloves, masks, and caps to minimize the introduction of microorganisms.- Sterile field: Maintaining a designated sterile area where surgical instruments and supplies are placed and ensuring that only sterile items come into contact with it.- Sterile technique: Handling sterile instruments and supplies using proper aseptic methods, such as avoiding reaching over the sterile field and using sterile drapes to create a barrier.7. What are the common complications of surgery?Common complications of surgery include:- Infection: Surgical site infections can occur due to the introduction of microorganisms during surgery.- Bleeding: Excessive bleeding during or after surgery can lead to complications such as hypovolemic shock.- Pain: Post-operative pain is common and can vary in intensity depending on the type of surgery and individual factors.- Wound dehiscence: The separation of surgical incisions before they have fully healed, which can increase the risk of infection.- Adverse reactions to anesthesia: Anesthesia can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression.- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Formation of blood clots in the deep veins, which can lead to pulmonary embolism if dislodged and travel to the lungs.8. How is post-operative care managed?Post-operative care involves monitoring the patient closely for any signs of complications, managing pain and discomfort, promoting wound healing, and facilitating the patient's recovery. This may include:- Monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature.- Administering pain medications as needed and providing adequate pain relief.- Changing dressings and monitoring wound sites for signs of infection or dehiscence.- Encouraging early mobilization and physical activity to prevent complications such as DVT and muscle atrophy.- Providing dietary support and ensuring adequate nutrition to support healing.- Educating the patient and their caregivers about signs and symptoms to watch for and when to seek medical attention.9. What is laparoscopic surgery?Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, involves performing surgical procedures through small incisions using specialized instruments and a camera called a laparoscope. It offers benefits such as reducedpost-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times compared to traditional open surgery.10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery?Advantages of laparoscopic surgery include:- Smaller incisions: Laparoscopic procedures require smaller incisions, resulting in less scarring and reduced risk of infection.- Faster recovery: Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery typically experience shorter hospital stays and faster return to normal activities.- Reduced pain: Minimally invasive techniques often result in less post-operative pain and discomfort.- Improved visualization: The laparoscope provides a magnified view of the surgical field, allowing for better precision and accuracy during surgery.Disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery include:- Learning curve: Laparoscopic procedures require specialized training and expertise, which may result in longer operating times during the initial learning phase.- Limited tactile feedback: Surgeons may have reduced tactile feedback compared to open surgery, which can make certain tasks more challenging.- Equipment costs: The specialized instruments and equipment used in laparoscopic surgery can be expensive, potentially increasing the overall cost of the procedure.- Not suitable for all patients: Not all patients are candidates for laparoscopic surgery, depending on factors such as the complexity of the procedure and the patient's medical history.These questions and answers provide a comprehensive overview of key concepts in surgical English, covering topics such as surgical incisions, hemostasis, aseptic technique, complications of surgery, post-operative care, and laparoscopic surgery. Understanding these concepts is essential for healthcare professionals involved in surgical practice.。
英语医学考试题目及答案
英语医学考试题目及答案1. 选择题- 1.1 Which of the following is a primary function of the liver?- A. Respiration- B. Digestion- C. Detoxification- D. Circulation- 1.2 The correct term for the process of blood clotting is:- A. Coagulation- B. Circulation- C. Inflammation- D. Respiration- 1.3 Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of blood sugar levels?- A. Insulin- B. Glucagon- C. Cortisol- D. Thyroid hormone2. 填空题- 2.1 The medical term for a surgical incision into the body cavity is ________.- 2.2 The study of the structure of the body is called________.- 2.3 The process of healing after an injury is known as ________.3. 判断题- 3.1 True or False: The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the body.- 3.2 True or False: Antibiotics are used to treat viral infections.- 3.3 True or False: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.4. 简答题- 4.1 Explain the difference between an acute and chronic disease.- 4.2 Describe the role of the lymphatic system in the body.- 4.3 What is the function of the kidneys in the human body?5. 论述题- 5.1 Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.- 5.2 Explain the role of the immune system in defending against infections.答案1. 选择题- 1.1 C. Detoxification- 1.2 A. Coagulation- 1.3 A. Insulin2. 填空题- 2.1 Laparotomy- 2.2 Anatomy- 2.3 Wound healing or tissue repair3. 判断题- 3.1 True- 3.2 False- 3.3 True4. 简答题- 4.1 Acute diseases are short-term illnesses that have a rapid onset and severe symptoms, while chronic diseases are long-term conditions that develop slowly and persist over time.- 4.2 The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body by transporting lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body, helping to fight infection and disease, and maintaining fluid balance.- 4.3 The kidneys filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, balance electrolytes, regulate blood pressure, and produce hormones that help maintain bone health and red blood cell production.5. 论述题- 5.1 A balanced diet is essential for good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for proper growth, development, and overall well-being. It also helps in maintaining a healthy weight, boosting the immune system, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.- 5.2 The immune system plays a vital role in defending the body against infections and diseases. It recognizes andattacks foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, and helps in healing wounds and maintainingoverall health.。
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1 The contraindication of liver puncture is D
A bacterial hepatic abscess
B primary hepatic carcinoma
C posthepatitis cirrhosis
D hepatic echinococcosis
E hepatic cyte
2 The basic construction and functional unit is A
A hepatic cell
B hepatic lobules
C hepatic sinusoid
D kuffer cell
E bile duct
3 The infection path of bacterial hepatic abscess is A
A bile duct
B hepatic artery
C portal vein
D lymphatic vessel
E trauma
4 What is the best approach to diagnose the hepatic carcinoma of which the diameter is below 2 cm C
A hepatic puncture
B ultrasound
C CTA
D CT
E MRI
5 The best therapy to hepatic carcinoma is A
A operate therapy
B injection therapy
C radiation therapy
D chemical therapy
E embolism therapy
6. Living-related right lobe liver transplantation can be justified currently for E
A non-urgent adults with cirrhosis and poor quality of life on a waiting list for a liver transplant
B any patient with cirrhosis who has an identical twin
C children
D any patient requiring re-transplantation for chronic rejection
E any patient with an urgent need for transplant such as fulminant hepatic failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
7.The most serious consequence recorded so far in living-related liver donors is D
A small-bowel obstruction
B infection
C requirement for liver transplantation
D death
E bile-leak
8The liver is located in the A
A RUQ immediately above the diaphragm
B RUQ immediately below the diaphragm
C LUQ immediately behind the pancreas
D LLQ immediately above the transverse colon
E LUQ immediately behind the transverse colon
9 Which of the following statements about the functions of the liver is FALSE? D
A It picks up excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen.
B It stores certain vitamins.
C It detoxifies alcohol.
D It is the site of the brush border.
E It is the only organ in the body that can regenerate itself.
10 The abdominopelvic cavity contains all but the: B
A Liver
B Lungs
C Pancreas
D Bladder
E Stomach
11 You were called from a juvenile psychiatric ward to evaluate a new admit with elevated
liver enzymes. What is the most likely differential diagnosis? D
A Hemochromatosis
B Cystic fibrosis
C Wilson's disease
D Hepatic encephalopathy
E Chronic hepatitis C
12 The organ of the digestive system that processes digested nutrients in the blood and is the largest organ inside the body is D
A Esophagus
B Stomach
C Small intestine
D Liver
E Colon
13 Within the liver, bile is produced by ____C__and secreted into bile canaliculi.
A Kupffer cells
B Liver lobules
C Hepatocytes
D Acinar cells
E Cholangiole
14 The condition in which the liver becomes infused with fibrous tissue and is unable to
repair itself is known as B
A Hepatitis
B Cirrhosis
C Jaundice
D Hepatoma
E Hepatic abscess
15 Entamoeba histolytica primarily invades the B
A Liver
B Large intestine
C Small intestine
D Lungs
E Stomach
16 Which of the following vitamins is not stored in the liver? A
A C
B D
C B12
D A
E K
17 The liver stores __B__ for energy.
A Nucleic acids
B Glycogen
C Glucose
D Vitamins
E Lipid
18 Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver? D
A Glycogen storage
B Detoxification
C Synthesis of clotting proteins
D Erythropoiesis
E Immunifaction
19 The liver contains special blood channels termed .D
A Sinusoids
B Central vein
C Hepatic cells
D Portal veins
E Hepatic veins
20 Which organ produces and secretes bile? A
A Liver
B Gallbladder
C Pancreas
D Duodenum
E Stomach
21 The Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in the A
A Liver
B Gallbladder
C Pancreas
D Duodenum
E Stomach
22 Which of the following are liver waste products? A
A Bilirubin
B Bile salts
C Cholesterol
D Electrolytes
E Vitamins。