动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份 (一)
必修4动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving.我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。
（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
现在分词
现在分词概说一．动词的-ing形式，除了作动名词外，还可以起其他作用，称为现在分词，它在句中可用来：1)构成谓语（主要是构成各种进行时态）：e.g.They are doing some pattern practice. 他们在做句型练习。
She is seeing a friend off. 她在给一个朋友送行。
2)构成不定式的进行形式：e.g.He seems to be worrying about something.他似乎在为什么事发愁。
Walter happened to be working in the next room.沃尔特碰巧在隔壁屋里干活。
3)作表语：e.g.The situation is quite encouraging.形势很令人鼓舞。
4）作定语：e.g.He found her a charming girl.他发现她是位迷人的姑娘。
5) 构成复合宾语：e.g.I watched the children flying kites.我看孩子们放风筝。
6) 作状语：e.g.We spent all day looking for you.我们花了一整天找你。
作为动词，它也可有自己的宾语（a）或状语（b），以构成现在分词短语：e.g.a. He stood there for two hours watching the game.他在那里站了两个钟头看比赛。
b. I saw her speaking to a neighbour.我看见她和一位邻居讲话。
间或还可跟表语：Feeling tired, I went to bed. 我感到很累就睡觉了。
二．现在分词可有下面这些形式：1. 现在分词作表语1)现在分词常可用作表语，特别是那些表示情绪的词：e.g.The dirty street is disgusting.那条肮脏的街道令人厌恶。
The report is most alarming.这份报告很令人惊恐。
(完整版)高中英语语法——动词ing形式的用法
3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语
1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip． 2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face． 3) She was very interested in working for our company．
1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both
young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine
for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
没有比……更糟的 • There is/was no point doing 做……无意义
Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.
1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 2)There is no joking about such matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 3)There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： • It +be +a waste of time doing • It is/was no good/use doing • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing • There is no doing...无法……; 不允许……
动词的ing形式做句子成分的例句
动词的ing形式做句子成分的例句
一、作时间状语，多置于句首，也可置于句末；
如例句1：
1、Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.二、作原因状语，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。
扩展资料
三、作条件状语，多置于句首。
如例句3：
3. Working hard, you will succeed sooner or later.
四、作让步状语，多置于句首。
如例句4：
4. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone.
五、作结果状语，多置于句末。
如例句5：
5. The song is sung all over the country, making it very popular.
六、作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。
如例句6：
6. Travelling by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places.
七、作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。
如例句7：
7、He sat by the roadside, begging.。
动词ing形式作定语和状语 知识讲解
动词的ing形式作定语和状语编稿：张桂琴审稿：梁晓概念引入：Do you know the boy playing basketball? 你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？They lived in a house facing south. 他住在一所朝南的房里里Knowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。
语法讲解：V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作…之用”和“ …的”。
a walking stick (a stick used for walking)drinking water (water for drinking)a waiting room (a room for waiting)working people the rising sun分词是短语形式, 应放在所修饰的名词后, 相当于一个定语从句。
They are visitors coming from several countries.who come from several countries.Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.which offered me the job.The girl standing there is my classmate.who stands there现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。
动词的 ing形式 作定语和状语
hold … in arms, cry,
The woman holds her son in arms, crying .
ski, laugh,
They are skiing down the hill, laughing .
box, hit on the face, move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.
4) 表结果 ( 表示自然而然、顺其自然的结果） Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢 迎地歌曲。 The song is sung all over the making it the most popular song country,________________________________.
IV. 改错 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. having Not 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, speaking too.
现在分词用法总结
v-ing用法（一）--------作主语和宾语形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。
1．形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表：. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.2．形式的复合结构（1）物主代词或名词所有格与形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
①形容词性物主代词+doing ②名词’s+doing③代词宾格+doing ④名词+doing. Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。
（2）形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。
作主语时，不能用③④两种形式；作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可以。
. Do you mind me coming late for the film 你介意我看电影来迟了吗3. 作主语（1）直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。
（2）在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。
. It is no use complaining; he can’t understand you.（3）在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。
. It is useless speaking.（4）形式短语用作主语时，常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。
. Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。
动词ing做主语和宾语(带句子成分讲解版)
英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看， 似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可 以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语 句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及 其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基 本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本 句型列式如下 ：
Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋谓＋表） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
4. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
bus.
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这 些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些 成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而 加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、 副词和数词），也可以是
各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和 分词短语）。
1. 下面以基本句型五为例：
5
Who │cares?
6
What he said │ does not matter.
7
They │ talked for half an hour.
8
The pen │writes smoothly
基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓 语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须 加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成 复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
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动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份（一）
一、动词-ing形式做主语
1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。
强调：现在分词做主语时谓
语一律用单数。
Eg: Talking is an art.
Eg: Tearning English well is not easy.
2、it做形式主语的情况
It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的
It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的
There is no `````````doing sth.
Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result.
Eg: It is no good playing games.
二、动词-ing形式做表语
动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。
1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。
（主语和表语
的位置可以互换）
Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits.
Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task.
与现在进行时的区别：
He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he)
2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与
主语互换。
系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。
Eg: This film is interesting.
Eg: Today’s weather is nice.
Eg: The song sounds good.
(主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的)
三、动词-ing形式做宾语
1、作动词的宾语
某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。
allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
Eg: I tried to avoid making mistakes.
Eg: I suggest having a rest.
2、作介词的宾语
是一些固定的短语搭配：be/ get/ become used to习惯于, look forward to,
insist on, be succed in, be fond of, be interested in, be worth, devote```to, stick to, lead to and so on.
Eg: The book is worth reading.
Eg: I am used to getting up early.
四、作宾语补足语
1、动词-ing形式可以在感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。
（表示动作的正在进行，状态正在持续）
Eg: I watched a student picking peaches when I crossed the school.
Eg: When I came into classroom, I heard someone singing.
3、动词-ing形式也可以用在使役动词have\ get\ leave\ keep\set\ send等动词后
作宾语补足语。
（宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
）
Eg: Don’t have your students doing homework all the time.
五、动词-ing形式做定语
1、表示被修饰词的某种用途,一般放在所修饰词的前面。
阅览室reading room 吸烟室smoking room
洗衣机washing machine 写字台writing desk
3、起形容词作用的动词-ing作定语时，含有主动和进行的意思。
(1)单个的分词放在所修饰名词的前面
Eg: I walked quietly in order not to wake the sleeping bird.
(2)短语放在所修饰的名词后面
Eg: I know the bird sleeping in the tree.---------I know the bird which is sleeping in the tree.
Eg: It lived in a tree facing my house.----------It lived in a tree which faced my house.。