30.动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式作状语
吴国斌
动词的-ing形式作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语动词，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
1.表时间
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends.
完成工作后，他出去会朋友了。
＝After he finished the work, he went out to meet his friends.
2.表原因
Having traveled to many places, he knows a lot.
到过很多的地方去旅游，他知道的很多。
＝Since he has traveled to many places, he knows a lot.
Being ill, he was sent to hospital.
由于生病，他被送往医院。
=Because he was ill, he was sent to hospital.
3.表伴随或方式
He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.
他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。
＝He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information.
4.表条件
Going there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
如果你乘飞机去那里的话，明天早上就会到。
＝If you go there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
5.表让步
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
尽管告诉他许多次了，他仍旧犯同样的错误。
＝Though he had been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
6.表结果（必然结果）
The train was caught in heavy snow, thus causing the delay.
火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。
=The train was caught in heavy snow and caused the delay.
三、动词的-ing形式作状语时，应注意的几个问题
1.现在分词(v.-ing)形式的否定结构是在分词前加not，分词完成式的否定结构通常把not放在having前面。
Not knowing how to deal with the problem, he turned to his teacher for help.
由于不知道如何处理这个问题，他向老师求助。
Not having finished his work, he was punished by his boss.
由于没有完成工作，老板惩罚了他。
2.现在分词(v.-ing)形式作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语保持一致；且通常与句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系；否则不能使用现在分词作状语，但可使用独立主格结构。
Seeing from the hill, you will see the beautiful city.
从山上看，你会看到美丽的城市。
Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.（X）
从山上看，这座城市更美丽。
My homework having been done, I began to watch football match.
做完作业，我开始看足球赛。
（本句中状语部分为独立主格结构，having been done的逻辑主语为my homework，而不是句子的主语I)
[注意］动词不定式与现在分词(v.-ing )形式作结果状语的区别：
动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，其前可加only或never。
而现在分词作结果状语则表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，这时其前可加thus。
另外，充当结果的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.
他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
His parents died, leaving his condition worse off.
他的父母去世了，使他的状况更糟糕(更贫穷，经济情况更不好)。
高考真题：
①动词的-ing形式作伴随状语
动词的-ing形式作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，其表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。
1.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.
A. says
B. said
C. to say
D. saying
2.(2010·福建高考)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent
②动词的-ing形式作结果状语
动词的-ing形式作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果。
3.(2011·陕西高考)More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making
B. made
C. to make
D. having made
4.(2010·重庆高考)The news shocked the public, to great concern about students safety at school.
A. having led
B. led
C. leading
D. to lead
③动词的-ing形式作状语时一般式与完成式的区别
现在分词(v.-ing)形式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时发生；完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
5.(2010·湖南高考)Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took
a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling
B. struggled
C. having struggled
D. to struggle
参考答案：DAACC。
动词-ing形式作状语
作状语的动词-ing形式具有副词特性。
根据意义，动词-ing形式可作“原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随”等状语。
一、放在句首的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句首时可作“原因、时间、条件、让步”等状语。
如：Being blind，they cannot use computers.因为是盲人, 他们不能使用计算机。
（原因）Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.一到学校，孩子们就开始大扫除。
（时间）Hearing the news，we all jumped with joy.一听到这个消息，我们就快乐地跳了起来。
（时间）Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.即使你充足聪明，也应该征求我的建议。
（让步）二、放在句末的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句末时可作“结果、伴随”状语，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。
如：Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.她的父母亲搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。
（说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果）The monkey shouted at us，showing its teeth.那猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。
（说明谓语动词动作发生的方式）The students walked along the road，talking and laughing.学生们沿着大路一边走，一边说笑。
（说明谓语动词动作发生时还伴随着另一个次要的动作）She works in the manager’s office, dealing with letters and documents.她在经理办公室工作，处理信件和文件。
动词-ing做状语
4. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
2. The student sat there, ____ what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing
C. not know D. not knowing
3. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
条件
1) Four people entered the room ,looking around in a curious way. (伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
(原因)
3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件
1. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
2. The bell _______ the end of the period
3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks _______ of his hometown.
动词ing形式作状语
三、表示条件（多置于句首）例：
1. Working hard(=If you work hard), you will succeed.
四、表示结果（多置于句末）例：
1. The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the area.
2. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
注意：-ing形式的完成式having done 表示其动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前，一般作时间或原因状 the homework, she went shopping. =When she had finished the homework, she went shopping.
5、_____ from his clothes, he is not so poor. A. Judged C. To judge B. Judging D. Judge
6、_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
3、European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习2高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find 等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
动词ing形式作定语和状语
动词-ing形式作定语【归纳】★单个的动词-ing形式作定语常位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰成分的性质或用途，也可以表示被修饰成分的动作或状态。
如：The experiment was an amazing success.You can find Jennifer in the reading room.Children in many developing countries can't get basic medical care.They quickly moved the sleeping man out of the prison.★动词-ing形式还可用在名词后作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。
如：The village is made up of 490 families belonging (= who belong) to five nationalities. Do you know the woman talking (= who is talking) to Jim?【拓展】动词-ing形式的被动式（being done）也可作定语，表示正在发生的被动动作。
如：We must keep the things being discussed a secret.I knew nothing about the experiment being performed there.动词-ing形式作状语【归纳】★动词-ing形式可作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy.Working hard, you'll certainly make your dream come true.Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.Her husband died in 1960, leaving her with five children.The little girl was lying in bed crying.★动词-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式（having done）所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
动词-ing形式作宾补和状语
8. I left children ____(watch) television.
9. The policeman caught two boys ____(fight) in the street． 10. With the exam ____(draw)near, we all felt anxious. keys:1. lying 2. grow 3. rising 4. hoping 5. adding 6. Not having received 7. Having suffered 8. watching 9. fighting 10. drawing
（2）I often hear him sing this song.我经常 听到他唱这首歌。
注：①see sb./sth. doing变成被动语态，其 结构是sb./sth. be seen doing，doing在这里成 了主语补足语。 The missing boy were last seen playing near the river。那个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到是 在河边玩耍。
Working in the factory, she made a lot of factory. 在工厂工作期间，她交了很多朋 友。
Being ill, the boy didn’t come to school.因为 病了，那个男孩没有来学校。
Working hard, you will succeed.努力学习， 你就会成功。
Not knowing his telephone number, we couldn' t get in touch with him. 由于不知道 他的电话号码，我们没法与他联系。
动词ing作时间状语的例句
动词ing作时间状语的例句
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、让步或者而是条件。
v-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing(=Whenhesaw)anoteontheground,thestrangerpickedi tup.
扩展资料
v-ing形式作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Beinglate(=Ashewaslate),hecouldnotbeallowedtojoinintheac tivity.
v-ing形式作结果状语表示，表示一种必然的`结果,常置于句末，可扩展成一个含有并列谓语的简单句.
Mr.Brownwaskilledinanaccident,leaving(=andleft)behindawif eandchild.
v-ing形式作伴随状语，其表示的动作伴随主句谓语动作同时发生。
Thestrangerwaswalkingthroughthevillage,looking(=andlook ed)thiswayandthat.
v-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing(=Althoughheknew)allthis,guarddidn’tletmeenter thelecturehall.
v-ing形式作伴随状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working(=Ifyouwork)harder,youwillmakegreatprogress.。
动词的-ing形式-作定语和状语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语，但要注意它的各种形式变化：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 V-ing
being V-ed
完成式 having V-ed having been V-ed
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)，即加在含有 ing 这个单词的前面。
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。
现在分词作状语
现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或 整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、 方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1)表时间状语
1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
II. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
_W_h_e_n__ _a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_i_n_g Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. “Can’t you read?” the notice现. 在(M分ET词9作3)伴随状语
A. pointing
B. pointed
C. point
D. and pointing
3. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92)
动词ing做宾补表语定语状语及综合练习
高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
动词-ing形式(短语)作状语
动词-ing形式（短语）作状语动词-ing形式（短语）可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。
此外，动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
如：Hearing someone call his name, David went out to see who it was.Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like eating anything.Looking on the bright side of things, you will live happily.Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.The song Little Apple is sung all over the country, making it very popular.The guests sat at the table, chatting and laughing.★动词-ing形式（短语）的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：Reading the book alone in his room, Peter nodded from time to time.Having eaten too much for supper, Tom couldn't go to sleep.★动词-ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其前面加not。
如：Not being noticed by anyone, she left the room.★动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。