光机电一体化毕业设计翻译题
毕业设计翻译Mechatronic Design 机电一体化设计2.0 Approach 商量2.1 Historical Development and Definition of Mechatronic Systems历史发展和认识机电一体化系统2.2 Functions of Mechatronic Systems Division of Functions Between Mechanicsand Electronics Improvement of Operating Properties •Addition of NewFunctions功能的机电一体化系统之间的功能划分力学和电子改善操作性能•添加新的功能2.3 Ways of Integration Integration of Components (Hardware) •Integration ofInformation Processing (Software)集成方法集成元件（硬件）•一体化的信息处理（软件）2.4 Information Processing Systems (Basic Architecture and HW/SWTrade-offs) Multilevel Control Architecture • Special SignalProcessing • Model-based and Adaptive Control Systems •Supervision and Fault Detection • Intelligent Systems (Basic Tasks)信息处理系统（基本架构和硬件/软件权衡）多级控制结构•专用信号处理•模型和自适应控制系统•监督和故障检测•智能系统（基本任务）.2.5 Concurrent Design Procedure for Mechatronic Systems Design Steps •Required CAD/CAE Tools •Modeling Rolf IsermannProcedure • Real-Time S imulation • Hardware-in-the-LoopDarmstadt University of Technology Simulation • Control Prototyping2.1 Historical Development and Definition of Mechatronic Systems历史发展和认识机电一体化系统is especially true for mechanical systems which developed since about 1980. These systems changed fromelectro-mechanical systems with discrete electrical and mechanical parts to integrated electronic-mechanicalsystems with sensors, actuators, and digital microelectronics. These integrated systems, as seen in Table 2.1,are called mechatronic systems, with the connection of MECHAnics and elecTRONICS.在一些技术领域的一体化产品或工艺和电子可以观察。
这是尤其如此，因为大约1980的机械系统。
这些系统由机械系统与离散机电配件综合电子系统的传感器，执行器，和数字微电子学。
这些集成系统，如在表2.1中，被称为机电一体化系统，与连接的机械和电子产品。
The word ―mechatronics‖ was probably first created by a Japaneseengineer in 1969 [1], with earlierdefinitions given by [2] and [3]. In [4], a preliminary definition is given: ―Mechatronics is the synergeticintegration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the designand manufacturing of industrial products and processes‖ [5].―机电一体化‖可能是复位造成的日本工程师在1969[ 1]，与早期的finitions给予[ 2]和[ 3]。
在[ 4]，一个初步的fi定义是：机电一体化是机械和电子工程协同集成和计算机智能化控制的设计和制造工业产品和过程‖[ 5]。
All these definitions agree that mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field, in which the following disci-plines act together (see Fig. 2.1):所有的定义都同意机电一体化是一个跨学科，在以下学科这些样条一起行动（参见图2.1）：• mechanical systems (mechanical elements, machines, precision mechanics);•机械系统（机械零件，机，精密机械）；•electronic systems (microelectronics, power electronics, sensor and actuator technology); and•电子系统（微电子，电力电子，传感器和执行器技术）；和•information technology (systems theory, automation, software engineering, artificial intelligence). ©2002 CRC Press LLC•信息技术（系统理论，自动化，软件工程，人工fi人工智能）。
2002©出版社有限公司TABLE 2.1 Historical Development of Mechanical, Electrical, and Electronic Systems表2.1历史发展的机械，电气，电子系统FIGURE 2.1 Mechatronics: synergetic integration of different disciplines.图2.1:协同融合各种不同机电专业。
Some survey contributions describe the development of mechatronics; see [5–8]. An insight into general aspects are given in the journals [4,9,10]; first conference proceedings in [11–15]; and the books [16–19]..描述一些调查的发展贡献;见[8]仪器。
洞察普遍方面期刊中给出了[4、第九条、第十条];第一次会议论文集[加利福尼亚州圣何塞市]、[16 - 19]的书。
Figure 2.2 shows a general scheme of a modern mechanical process like a power producing or a power图2.2:显示了一个总体方案,体现了现代机械加工像电力生产或权力generating machine. A primary energy flows into the machine and is then either directly used for the energy consumer in the case of an energy transformer, or converted into another energy form in the case of an energy converter. The form of energy can be electrical, mechanical (potential or kinetic, hydraulic, pneumatic), chemical, or thermal. Machines are mostly characterized by a continuous or periodic (repetitive) energy flow. For other mechanical processes, such as mechanical elements or precision mechanical devices, piecewise or intermittent energy flows are typical. .2002 CRC Press LLC机器发电。
一个初始能量流入机器,然后,或直接用于能源消费的情况下,一个能量变压器或兑换成另一种能量形式在案件的能量转换器。
形式的能量都可电气、机械(潜在的或动力学、液压、气动)、化学、热。
机器大多是具有连续或定期(重复)能量流。
其他机械加工,如机械元件或精密机械设备、分段连续或间歇能量的流动是典型的。
2002 CRC出版社FIGURE 2.2 Mechanical process and information processing develop towards mechatronic systems.图2.2机械加工和信息处理发展趋向机电系统。
The energy flow is generally a product of a generalized flow and a potential (effort). Information on the state of the mechanical process can be obtained by measured generalized flows (speed, volume, or mass flow) or electrical current or potentials (force, pressure, temperature, or voltage).Together with reference variables, the measured variables are the inputs for an information flow through the digital electronics resulting in manipulated variables for the actuators or in monitored variables on a display.通常是一个能量流的产品的生产流程和更广义的潜力(努力)。
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译204机电一体化
附录INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY（From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACTMachinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development.Key word：integration of machinery ，technology，present situation ，product t，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase.1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology,computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized organization goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology .From this produces functional system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product. Therefore, “integration of machinery” covering “technology” and “product” two aspects .Only is, the integration of machinery technology is based on the above community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together .This is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the electricity forms in the concept basic difference .The mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength .But after develops the integration of machinery, micro electron installment besides may substitute for certain mechanical parts the original function, but also can entrust with many new functions, like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control and the control automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on .Not only namely the integration of machinery product is human's hand and body extending, human's sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery electrification distinguishes in the function essence.2. Integration of machinery development condition integration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly.20th century 60's before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage .In this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance .Specially in Second World War period, the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military technology, postwar transfers civilly, to postwar economical restoration positive function .Developed and the development at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneouscondition .Because at that time the electronic technology development not yet achieved certain level, mechanical technical and electronic technology union also not impossible widespread and thorough development, already developed the product was also unable to promote massively. The 20th century 70~80 ages for the second stage, may be called the vigorous development stage .This time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development . Large-scale, ultra large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development .This time characteristic is :①A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japan, probably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgment to 1980s last stages in the worldwide scale ;②The integration of machinery technology and the product obtained the enormous development ;③The various countries start to the integration of machinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support. 1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stage which makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time .At the same time, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of machinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the new branch; On the other hand to the integration of machinery system modeling design, the analysis and the integrated method, the integration of machinery discipline system and the trend of development has all conducted the thorough research .At the same time, because the hugeprogress which domains and so on artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology obtain, opened the development vast world for the integration of machinery technology .These research, will urge the integration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and forms the integrity gradually the scientific system. Our country is only then starts from the beginning of 1980s in this aspect to study with the application .The State Council had been established the integration of machinery leading group and lists as “863 plans” this technology .When formulated “95” the pla n and in 2010 developed the summary had considered fully on international the influence which and possibly brought from this about the integration of machinery technology development trend .Many universities, colleges and institutes, the development facility and some large andmiddle scale enterprises have done the massive work to this technical development and the application, does not yield certain result, but and so on the advanced countries compared with Japan still has the suitable disparity.3. Integration of machinery trend of development integrations of machinery are the collection machinery, the electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the progress .Therefore, the integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:3.1 Intellectualized intellectualizations are 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development directions .The artificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machinery constructor's research takes, the robot and the numerical control engine bed intellectualization is the important application .Here sai d “the intellectualization” is to the machine behavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations research, the computer science, the fuzzy mathematics, the psychology, the physiology and the chaos dynamics and so on the new thought, the new method, simulate the human intelligence, enable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference, logical thinking, independent decision-making, obtains the higher control goal in order to .Indeed, enable the integration of machinery product to have with the human identical intelligence, is not impossible, also is nonessential .But, the high performance, the high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to have preliminary intelligent or human's partial intelligences, then is completely possible and essential.In the modern manufacture process, the information has become the control manufacture industry the determining factor, moreover is the most active actuation factor .Enhances the manufacture system information-handling capacity to become the modern manufacture science development a key point .As a result of the manufacture system information organization and structure multi-level, makes the information the gain, the integration and the fusion presents draws up the character, information measure multi-dimensional, as well as information organization's multi-level .In the manufacture information structural model, manufacture information uniform restraint, dissemination processing and magnanimous data aspects and so on manufacture knowledge library management, all also wait for further break through.Each kind of artificial intelligence tool and the computation intelligence method promoted the manufacture intelligence development in the manufacture widespread application .A kind based on the biological evolution algorithm computation intelligent agent, in includes thescheduling problem in the combination optimization solution area of technology, receives the more and more universal attention, hopefully completes the combination optimization question when the manufacture the solution speed and the solution precision aspect breaks through the question scale in pairs the restriction .The manufacture intelligence also displays in: The intelligent dispatch, the intelligent design, the intelligent processing, the robot study, the intelligent control, the intelligent craft plan, the intelligent diagnosis and so on are various These question key breakthrough, may form the product innovation the basic research system. Between 2 modern mechanical engineering front science different science overlapping fusion will have the new science accumulation, the economical development and society's progress has had the new request and the expectation to the science and technology, thus will form the front science .The front science also has solved and between the solution scientific question border area .The front science has the obvious time domain, the domain and the dynamic characteristic .The project front science distinguished in the general basic science important characteristic is it has covered the key science and technology question which the project actual appeared.Manufacture system is a complex large-scale system, for satisfies the manufacture system agility, the fast response and fast reorganization ability, must profit from the information science, the life sciences and the social sciences and so on the multi-disciplinary research results, the exploration manufacture system new architecture, the manufacture pattern and the manufacture system effective operational mechanism .Makes the system optimization the organizational structure and the good movement condition is makes the system modeling , the simulation and the optimized essential target .Not only the manufacture system new architecture to makes the enterprise the agility and may reorganize ability to the demand response ability to have the vital significance, moreover to made the enterprise first floor production equipment the flexibility and may dynamic reorganization ability set a higher request .The biological manufacture view more and more many is introduced the manufacture system, satisfies the manufacture system new request.The study organizes and circulates method and technique of complicated system from the biological phenomenon, is a valid exit which will solve many hard nut to cracks that manufacturing industry face from now on currently .Imitating to living what manufacturing point is mimicry living creature organ of from the organization, from match more, from growth with from evolution etc. function structure and circulate mode of a kind of manufacturing system and manufacturing process.The manufacturing drives in the mechanism under, continuously by one's own perfect raise on organizing structure and circulating mode and thus to adapt the process of[with] ability for the environment .For from descend but the last product proceed together a design and make a craft rules the auto of the distance born, produce system of dynamic state reorganization and product and manufacturing the system tend automatically excellent provided theories foundation and carry out a condition .Imitate to living a manufacturing to belong to manufacturing science and life science of\"the far good luck is miscellaneous to hand over\", it will produce to the manufacturing industry for 21 centuries huge of influence .The research contents which imitates to living a manufacturing has two aspects currently:1: Facing to the imitating of life livings a manufacturingStudy general regulation and model of biological phenomenon, for example the organization structure of the information processing technique, living creature intelligence, living creature type of artificial life, cell auto machine, living creature and circulate the evolution of mode and living creature and tend excellent mechanism etc.2: Face to make of imitating and livinging manufacturing The research imitates to living manufacturing system of from organize mechanism and method ,such as: Based on full information sharing biological modelling principle of design, based on multi-autonomy unit coordination distributional control and based on evolution mechanism optimization strategy; Research biological modelling manufacture concept system and foundation, for example: Biological modelling space formal description technique and information mapping relations, biological modelling system and evolutionary process order of complexity gauging device. The mechanical biological modelling and the biological modelling manufacture is mechanical discipline and so on science and life sciences, information science, materials science high fusions, its research content including growth forming craft, biological modelling design and manufacture system, intelligent biological modelling machinery and biological forming manufacture and soon .At present does the research work mostly will be the front exploring work, has the bright basic research characteristic, if holds the opportunity to study, possibly will have the revolutionary breakthrough .From now on will be supposed to pay attention the research area will have the biology to process technical, the biological modelling manufacture system, based on the fast prototype technique of manufacture organization engineering, as well as with bio-engineering correlation key technologies foundation and so on. Since 3 modern technique of manufacture trend of development 1990s, the various countries all has carried on the technique of manufacture research and the development as the national key technologies gives priority to development, like US's advanced technique of manufacture plans AMTP, Japan's intelligence technique of manufacture (IMS) international cooperation plan, South Korea's high-level modern technology national plan (G--7), Germany's manufacture 2000 plans with European Economic Community's ESPRIT and BRITE-EURAM plan. Along with high technology and new technology and so on electron, information unceasing development, the market demand personalization and the diversification, future the modern technique of manufacture development general trend will be to the precision, the flexibility, the network, the virtualization, intellectualized, the green integration, the globalization direction develops. The current modern technique of manufacture trend of development has following nine aspects approximately: (1) Information technology, the management technology and the processing technology close union, the modern manufacture production pattern can obtain develops unceasingly. (2) Design technology and method more modernized. (3) Formation and the technique of manufacture precision, the manufacture process realize the low energy consumption. (4) New special processing method formation. (5) Develops new one generation ultra precise, the supervelocity manufacture equipment. (6) Processing craft develops by the technique for the engineering science. (7) Implements the non-pollution green manufacture. (8) In manufacturing industry widespread application virtual reality technology. (9) Makes humanist.3.2 Modular modulations are one item important and the arduous project .Because the integration of machinery product type and the manufacturer are many, but the development and the development have standard mechanical connection, electrical connection, power connection, the environment connection integration of machinery product unit are an item extremely complex also are the extremely important matters .If the development collection deceleration, theintelligent velocity modulation, the electrical machinery in a body power unit, have function and so on vision, imagery processing, recognition and range finder control units, as well as each kind can complete the model operation the mechanism .Thus, may use the standard unit to develop the new product rapidly, simultaneously also may expand the scale of production .This need formulates each standard, in order to various parts, unit match and connection .As a result of the conflicts of interest, very will be difficult to formulate international or the domestic this aspect standard in the near future, but might through set up some big enterprises to form gradually .Obviously, the advantage which from the electrical product standardization, the seriation brings may affirm, regardless of is to produces the standard integration of machinery unit the enterprise to produce the integration of machinery product the enterprise, the formalization will give the integration of machinery enterprise to bring the happy future.3.3 Network 1990s, the computer technology and so on the prominent achievement is the networking .Networking starting with the rapid development for the science and technology, the industrial production, political, the military, the education magnanimous act person daily life has all brought the huge transformation .Each kind of network the global economy, the production links up into a single stretch, enterprise's competition will also globalize .Once the integration of machinery new product develops, so long as its function is original, the quality is reliable, very quick can the best-selling whole world .As a result of the network popularization, is on the rise based on network each kind of long-distance control and the surveillance technology, but long-distance control terminal device itself is the integration of machinery product .The field bus and the local area network technology was the domestic electric appliances network has become the situation, (home net) connected using the family network each kind of domestic electric appliances take the computer as the central computer integration electrical appliances system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), caused the people at home to share the inconvenience and the joy which each kind of high-tech brought .Therefore, the integration of machinery product faces the network direction to develop without doubt.3.4 Microminiaturized microminiaturization emerge in the end of 1980s, refers is the integration of machinery to the miniature machine and the microscopic domain development tendency .Overseas name it micro electron mechanical system (MEMS), makes a general reference the geometry size not to surpass 1-3CM theintegration of machinery product, and to micron, nanometer level development .The micro integration of machinery product volume small, consumes energy few, the movement is flexible, in aspects and so on biological medical service, military, information has the incomparable superiority .The micro integration of machinery development bottleneck lies in the micro mechanical technology, the micro integration of machinery product processing uses the fine processing technology, namely ultra precise technology, it including photoetching technology and etching technology two kinds.3.5 green industries lived developed for the people have brought the huge change .The material is at the same time rich, the life is comfortable; On the other hand, the resources reduce, the ecological environment receives the serious pollution .Therefore, the people appeal the protection environment resources, the return nature .The green product concept arises at the historic moment under this kind of call, the green is the time tendency .The green product in its design, the manufacture, the use and in the destruction life process, conforms to the specific environmental protection and the human health request, harmless or the harm are extremely few to the ecological environment, the resources use factor is extremely high .The design green integration of machinery product, has the broad development future .The integration of machinery product green mainly is refers, when use does not pollute the ecological environment, after the abandonment can recycle the use. One of3.6 Systematized systematization performance characteristics is the system architecture further uses open style and the patternizing main line structure .The system may the nimble configuration, carry on tailors and the combination willfully, simultaneously seeks realizes the multi-subsystem coordination control and the synthesis management .Second performance is the correspondence function big enhancement, generally besides RS232, but also has RS485, the DCS personification .The future integration of machinery will even more pay great attention to the product and human's relations, the integration of machinery personification will have two meanings .One is, the integration of machinery product finally user is a human, how entrusts with the integration of machinery product person's intelligence, the emotion, the human nature appears more and more importantly, specially the opposite party uses the robot, its high-level boundary is the man-machine integration .Another imitates the biological mechanism, develops each kind of mechanical and electrical body colored product .In fact, manyintegration of machinery products all are developed animal's inspiration.4. Conclusions in summary, the integration of machinery appearance is not isolated, it is many science and technology development crystallization, is the social productive forces develops the certain stage inevitably request .Certainly, also has with the integration of machinery related technology very many, and along with the science and technology development, the tendency which each kind of technology will fuse mutually more and more is obvious, the integration of machinery technology broad prospects for development more and more will be also bright.机电一体化摘要机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果,本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。
机电一体化专业外文翻译--低温振动磨
外文原文：AbstractA cryogenic vibratory mill designed to receive cooling fluid such as liquid nitrogen within a grinding chamber for grinding of feed material such as crumb rubber from vehicle tires for cryogenic comminution within a grinding chamber. Cooling within the grinding chamber is achieved by passing cooling fluid such as liquid nitrogen therethrough wherein most of the cooling fluid passes through longitudinal channels formed longitudinally in the cylindrically shaped grinding rods. The operating temperature is normally less than -120 degrees Fahrenheit. A vibrating drive is operative to vibrate the housing and the grinding rods therein to achieve comminution of the feed stock rubber passing therethrough. With this design most of the cooling is achieved by passing of the cooling fluid through the channels defined in the grinding rods with only a minimum amount of cooling achieved by cooling fluid passing through the grinding chamber between the rods.I claim:1. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, comprising:A. a housing means defining a grinding chamber means therein, said housing means defining a material inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive feed material passing therethrough for facilitating movement thereof into said grinding chamber means, said housing means further defining a material outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive material therefrom for exiting therefrom, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means, said cooling fluid inlet means for receiving cooling fluid for passing therethrough, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid outlet means in fluid flow communication with respectto said grinder chamber means and for allowing cooling fluid to exit therefrom;a cooling fluid distribution means for receiving cooling fluid passing through said cooling fluid inlet means for distribution thereof within said grinding chamber means;C. a plurality of longitudinal grinding members each defining a channel means extending longitudinally therethrough, said longitudinal grinding members further defining a channel inlet means and a channel outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said channel means to facilitate flow of fluid therethrough, said channel inlet means being operatively positioned relative to said cooling fluid distribution means and in fluid flow communication therewith to receive cooling fluid therefrom for passing of the cooling fluid through said channel means and exiting therefrom through said channel outlet means to facilitate cooling along the length of said longitudinal grinding members; andD. a vibrating means operatively attached with respect to said housing means for vibrating thereof and for urging movement of said longitudinal grinding members within said grinding chamber means to facilitate comminution of material positioned within said grinding chamber means.2. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said longitudinal grinding members comprising rod members.3. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said grinding chamber means is of a cylindrical shape with said cooling fluid inlet means positioned adjacent one end thereof and said cooling fluid outlet means positioned adjacent the opposite end thereof.4. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid thereinfor cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said channel inlet means includes a tapered channel section to provide a wider cross-sectional area to facilitate movement of cooling fluid from said cooling fluid distribution means into said channel means.5. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 further comprising an insulation means extending around said housing means to minimize thermal flow through said housing means into said grinding chamber means.6. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 further comprising a discharge plate means positioned within said housing means adjacent said grinding chamber means, said discharge plate means along with said housing means defining a discharge zone therewithin between said grinding chamber means and said material outlet means and between said grinding chamber means and said cooling fluid outlet means, said discharge plate means defining discharge aperture means therein for allowing material to pass therethrough into said discharge zone and to said material outlet means and to allow cooling fluid to pass therethrough into said discharge zone and to said cooling fluid outlet means, said discharge aperture means defined in said discharge plate means being small enough to prevent movement of said longitudinal grinding members therethrough in order for containment thereof within said grinding chamber means.7. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 further comprising a cooling fluid outlet filter means extending across said cooling fluid outlet means to prevent movement of material outwardly therethrough.8. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 7wherein said cooling fluid outlet filter means comprises a filter cloth means.9. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said cooling fluid distribution means further includes a feed plate means defining a feed aperture means therein, said feed plate means positioned within said housing means between said grinding chamber means and said cooling fluid inlet means to facilitate control of cooling fluid passing through said feed aperture means for guiding thereof toward said channel inlet means defined in said longitudinal grinding members positioned within said grinding chamber means to facilitate cooling thereof, said feed plate and said housing means together defining a fluid distribution chamber means between said cooling fluid inlet means and said feed plate means to accumulate a reservoir of cooling fluid for supplying thereof to said feed plate means for distribution thereof through said feed aperture means into said grinding chamber means.10. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 9 wherein said longitudinal grinding members are positioned immediately adjacent said feed plate means to facilitate flow of cooling fluid therefrom into said channel inlet means and to minimize movement of material between said feed plate means and said longitudinal grinding members.11. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 9 further comprising nozzle means positioned within said feed aperture means defined in said feed plate means to facilitate control of cooling fluid distributed therethrough.12. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined inclaim 1 further comprising a material pre-cooling means for cooling of the feed material prior to passing through said material inlet means to further reduce the temperature within said grinding chamber means during comminution of material therein.13. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 further comprising a liquid cooling fluid to be supplied to said material inlet means for distribution by said cooling fluid distribution means in liquid form through said channel inlet means into said channel means defined longitudinally with said longitudinal grinding members for cooling thereof, said liquid cooling fluid being operative to change phase and become a gas for further absorbing heat from said longitudinal grinding members while passing through said channel means defined therein.14. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 13 wherein said liquid cooling fluid comprises liquid nitrogen.15. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said longitudinal grinding members are made of alloy steel.16. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 further comprising a pressurization means in fluid flow communication with said cooling fluid inlet means and said grinding chamber means to maintain the pressure within said grinding chamber greater than atmospheric pressure to further decrease the operating temperature therewithin.17. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluidtherein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein greater than 60% of the cooling fluid entering said grinding chamber means through said cooling fluid distribution means passes through said channel means defined in said longitudinal grinding members to enhance cooling thereof and to minimize flow of cooling fluid therebetween.18. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, as defined in claim 1 wherein said vibrating means is operative to move said longitudinal grinding members through an arcuate cyclical orbit of approximately six to twelve millimeters in diameter extending perpendicularly to the axes thereof.19. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving liquid cooling fluid therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, comprising:A. a housing means defining a grinding chamber means therein, said housing means defining a material inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive feed material passing therethrough for facilitating movement thereof into said grinding chamber means, said housing means further defining a material outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive material therefrom for exiting therefrom, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means, said cooling fluid inlet means for receiving liquid cooling fluid for passing therethrough, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinder chamber means and for allowing liquid cooling fluid to exit therefrom;B. a cooling fluid distribution means for receiving liquid cooling fluid passing through said cooling fluid inlet means for distribution thereof within said grinding chamber means;C. a plurality of nozzle means positioned within said cooling fluid distribution means to facilitate control of liquid cooling fluid distributed therethrough;D. a plurality of longitudinal grinding rod members each defining a channel means extending longitudinally therethrough, said longitudinal grinding rod members further defining a channel inlet means and a channel outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said channel means to facilitate flow of fluid therethrough, said channel means also including a tapered channel section adjacent said channel inlet means to further facilitate movement of liquid cooling fluid into said channel means, said channel inlet means being operatively positioned relative to said cooling fluid distribution means and in fluid flow communication therewith to receive liquid cooling fluid therefrom for passing of the liquid cooling fluid through said channel means and exiting therefrom through said channel outlet means to facilitate cooling along the length of said longitudinal grinding rod members;E. a vibrating means operatively attached with respect to said housing means for vibrating thereof and for urging movement of said longitudinal grinding rod members within said grinding chamber means to facilitate comminution of material positioned within said grinding chamber means, said vibrating means being operative to move said longitudinal grinding rod members through an arcuate cyclical orbit of approximately six to twelve millimeters in diameter extending perpendicularly to the axes thereof;F. a discharge plate means positioned within said housing means adjacent said grinding chamber means, said discharge plate means along with said housing means defining a discharge zone therewithin between said grinding chamber means and said material outlet means and between said grinding chamber means and said cooling fluid outlet means, said discharge plate means defining a discharge aperture means therein adapted to allow material to pass therethrough into said discharge zone and to said material outlet means and to allow liquid cooling fluid to pass therethrough into said discharge zone and to said cooling fluid outlet means, said discharge aperturemeans defined in said discharge plate means being small enough to prevent movement of said longitudinal grinding members therethrough in order for containment thereof within said grinding chamber means; andG. a material pre-cooling means for cooling of the feed material prior to passing through said material inlet means to further reduce the temperature within said grinding chamber means during comminution of material therein.20. An improved cryogenic vibratory mill apparatus, for receiving a liquid cooling fluid such as liquid nitrogen therein for cryogenic comminution of feed material supplied thereto, comprising:A. a housing means defining a grinding chamber means therein of generally cylindrical shape, said housing means defining a material inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive feed material passing therethrough for facilitating movement thereof into said grinding chamber means, said housing means further defining a material outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means to receive material therefrom for exiting therefrom, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid inlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinding chamber means, said cooling fluid inlet means for receiving liquid nitrogen for passing therethrough, said housing means further defining a cooling fluid outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said grinder chamber means and for allowing cooling fluid to exit therefrom;B. a cooling fluid distribution means for receiving liquid nitrogen passing through said cooling fluid inlet means for distribution thereof within said grinding chamber means;C. a plurality of nozzle means positioned within said cooling fluid distribution means to facilitate control of liquid nitrogen distributed therethrough;D. a plurality of longitudinal grinding rod members made of alloy steel and each defining a channel means extending longitudinally therethrough, said longitudinal grinding rod members further defining a channel inlet means and a channel outlet means in fluid flow communication with respect to said channel means to facilitate flow of fluid therethrough, said channel means also including a tapered channel section adjacent said channel inlet means to further facilitate movement of liquid nitrogen into said channel means, said channel inlet means being operatively positioned relative to said cooling fluid distribution means and in fluid flow communication therewith to receive liquid nitrogen therefrom for passing of the liquid nitrogen through said channel means and vaporizing thereof within said channel means and exiting of the cooling fluid therefrom through said channel outlet means to facilitate cooling along the length of said longitudinal grinding rod members, said fluid distribution means operative to dispense liquid nitrogen through said nozzle means into said channel inlet means such that at least sixty percent of the liquid nitrogen distributed therethrough passes through said channel means defined in said longitudinal grinding rod members to minimize flow of liquid nitrogen within said grinding chamber means in the area between said longitudinal grinding rod members.中文译文：摘要低温振动磨是用来接收冷却液,例如液态氮在磨腔为磨屑等饲料从汽车轮胎的橡胶粉碎腔内低温粉碎。
毕业设计之英文翻译
机电一体化20(2010)604 - 610内容列表可以在数据库中查询机电一体化期刊主页: / locate/mechatronics机械传动性能对于发动机减速器的选择的影响H. Giberti a,*, S. Cinquemani a, G. Legnani ba Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Campus Bovisa Sud, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italyb Universitàdegli Studi di Brescia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica ed Industriale, 38 via Branze, 25129 Brescia, Italy文章历史：2009年10月20日2010年6月10日关键词：电气伺服电机最佳传动比电机和减速机配对机械传动效率摘要本文阐述机械效率和传动惯性对电机负载耦合的影响。
通过描述电机性能的参数，电力需求以及机械特征对电机传动耦合的影响来研究通用机各元素之间的关系。
这些相互影响的知识使用严格的分析方法去选择点击减速器单元，同时鉴别这个问题的边界条件。
为正确选择电机提供建议，理论讨论通过图标阐述可以评论电机和传输功能对电机性能得影响，并为设计者建议所有可能的配对。
○2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
1介绍对于伺服电机，选择需要处理动态负载的电机与选择电机的传动系统有密切关系。
此操作，事实上受限于电机的工作范围以及由电机（通过它的转子惯量M J ）和减速器（通过它的传动比τ,机械效率η,惯性矩T J ）间接决定的大量约束。
本研究旨在验证这些限制。
对于如何确定电机和给定负载的传动系统之间的合适配对，一些作者已经做出了阐述，不同的方法已被提出，但这些方法，至少在选择的初始阶段忽视了一些与接卸传动性能相关因素的重要影响。
机电一体化专业外文翻译--机械产品方案的现代设计方法及发展趋势
外文原文：Mechanical products for modern design anddevelopment trendThe rapid development of science and technology, product features requirements of the growing number and complexity of the increase in life expectancy shortened, replacement faster. However, the design of the products, especially mechanical products in the design means, is, failed to keep pace with the needs of the times. At present, computer-aided product design drawings, design, manufacturing, production planning has been a relatively extensive and in-depth study and achieved initial results, and product development programmes of the early computer-aided design is far from meeting the needs of the design. To this end, the author read a lot of literature on the basis of a summary of the design and scholars at home and abroad to design the method used, and discussed the various methods of organic link between product design and mechanical Computer trend of development.Under the current domestic and foreign scholars to design machinery design methods used by the main features of the programme can be summed up modern design for thefollowing four major types.1, systematic design methodSystematic design the main features are: design as from a number of design elements of a system, every design element of independence, there are various elements of the organic links and a level of all the design elements Combined, you can design systemsto achieve the task.Systematic design idea in the 1970s by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, a system based on the theory, developed a design of the general pattern, and advocate of the design work should be rational. German Engineers Association in this on the basis of design, develop standards VDI2221 "technology systems and productdevelopment design methods.The development of the product design process of mechanical model, basically follow the German standards VDI2221 the design. In addition, many of our product design and scholars in the programme design and also learn from other developed countries cited the systematic design, which is representative:(1) The user needs as the product concept of functional characteristics, structural design and part design, process planning, operations control, and so on the basis of the product development process of the macro, the use of Quality Function layoutmethods, systems and information needs of users will be reasonable and effective And converted to the various stages of product development objectives and operationscontrol technology means a point of order.(2) products as organisms on the level of life, and life systems through the use of theproduct design process can demand level of success and realize the concept of functional requirements of the specific levels and product design level. At the same time using the system icons to life the abstract expression of the functional requirements of products, product features a system structure.(3) the mechanical design system in the application of science into two basic questions: First, to design products as a system to process, to determine the best of its components (modules) and their mutual relations and the other is the product design Process as a system, according to the design objectives, correct and reasonable to determine the design of all aspects of the work and the various design stage.As each designer to study issues and to consider the perspective of the different emphases, to design a programme of specific research methods also differ. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods.1.1 design elements ofWith five design elements (functions, effects, effects of vector, shape and surface elements parameters) described "product solution" that a product design elements of the five identified, all the characteristics of products and value characteristics already identified. Chinese scholars have also adopted similar design methods describedproduct of the original understanding.1.2 graphical modeling lawDevelopment of the "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with a clear level of the graphic description of the product structure and functions related to the abstract information, and the system structure and function graphical modeling, as well as functional connections between the layers.Will be assisted design divided into two methods and information exchange, the use of Nijssen information analysis methods can be used graphic symbols, with a variety of semantic model structure, the integration can be described conditions can be divided into binding type, can relations between any combination of features , Will design solutions and information technology integration, the design process to achievea different level of abstraction of information between the graphical modeling. The literature [11] semantic network design as a design tool in the development of the semantic network design ASK, using nodes and a network of lines describing thedesign, said node components of the unit (such as the design tasks, functions, components Or processing equipment, etc.), and lines used to adjust the definition node between different semantic relations, which in the design process for all the activities and results of pre-built model, the early design requirements to thedefinition of a specific structure can be described by the Relations between the definition of the expression, and a computer-aided design process from abstract toconcrete leap.1.3 "idea" - "design" lawWill be divided into product design "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" stage of the task is to seek, select and design portfolio to meet the requirements of the original understanding of tasks. "Design" stage of work is the concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage.The programme will be "ideas" for the specific description: According to a suitable functional structure, designed to meet the requirements of the mandate of the original understanding. Functional structure of the sub-function by "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of "functional carrier", "functional carrier" and "structural elements" and formation of the interaction between the functional diagram ( Mechanical movement diagram).Programme of "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitativedescription of all the "functional carrier" and "structural elements", then all the quantitative description of "structural elements" and connecting pieces ( "functional vector") the shape and location have The structure of. Roper, H. use of graph theory theory, the help from his definition of "total design unit (GE)", "structure elements (KE)", "functional structure elements (FKE)", "connecting structure elements (VKE)", "Structural parts (KT)", "structural elements parts (KET)" concept, and describes elements of size, location and transmission parameters of the relationship between the number of thumbs, the design expert intuitive way to design a formal Description of the formation of effective application of existing knowledge of methods, and appliedto the "idea" and "design" stage.From the design methodology of the point of view, the design task will be clear after the design work is divided into three steps: 1) access to functions and functional structure (referred to as "functional"), 2) find effects (referred to as the "effect"); ) To find structure (referred to as "the configuration of the Rules"). And described by the following four strategies Mechanical Product concept stage of the process: Strategy 1: were considered "functional" and "effect" and "configuration rules." Therefore, we can work in various steps to create variations in the respective programmes, resulting in the original understanding of the broad spectrum. Strategy 2: "effect" and"configuration rules" (including the designer to create the rules) association, to consider a separate function (usually associated with the design task). At this point, to identify the typical configuration rules and their effects need to have a wealth ofexperience, the programme spectrum far less than a strategy of the programme spectrum. Strategy 3: "functional" and "effect", "configuration rules" are closely related. Applicable to the function, and the configuration of the rules of no choice, with special requirements of the areas, such as ultra-small machinery, large machinery, high-value function parts, and those with special requirements of the functional components, and so on. Strategy 4: In view of the structural design requirements of the solution. The strategy starting from the existing parts, through different parts of the order and connection, was expected to function.1.4 Matrix DesignIn the programme design process used in "requirement - to" logic tree ( "or" tree) described requirements, the relationship between the function, to satisfy therequirements of functional design solution set, a different design. According to "request - to" logic tree establishment of a "request - to" association matrix, meet the requirements necessary to describe the complex relationship between function, expressed functional requirements and the relationship between the one-to-one.Kotaetal will matrix as a mechanical system design basis, the mechanical system design space as a functional decomposition of space, only that each sub-space design of a module, in the abstract phase of the high-level, with each module design movement conversion matrix And a vector for the operation of restraint that in the abstract phase of the low-rise, each module design parameters were expressed as amatrix and the equation of motion.1.5 bond graph LawWill form a system components into the function to generate energy, energy consumption, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transmission and use of bond graph of the function of the components that will be based on the functions of the model and bonding with plans to achieve functional The automatic generation of structural and functional structure and bonding between the automatic conversion plans to seek bond graph generated by a number of design methods.2, modular design structureFrom the perspective of planning products: the definition of its mandate to design features of the product structure is based on the use of existing products (such as GM parts components, etc.) described the design task, that is, when the mandate of decomposition on each task to consider whether there is the corresponding Solutions products, so that in the planning stages of product design tasks to eliminate the contradictions that might exist in the early forecast production capacity, costs and the development of the process of designing the plan adjustable, which can improve the design efficiency and design of reliability, At the same time also reduce the cost ofnew products. Feldmann will describe the function of the design task is divided into four levels of product structure, (1) products → (2) functional components → (3) main function components → (4) functional components. And the use of application-oriented features of the directory structure, a more specific functional components of the qualitative and quantitative description. At the same time developed for early in the product development and design tools used by early STRAT.Machinery specialized for most of that function can be used existing product solutions and new solutions with only a small number of special features, therefore, for the use of mechanical design features of the product structure, machinery specialized for the evaluation of the design, manufacture risk is very beneficial.Functional Analysis of the products promoted on the basis of the product is broken down into a function of one or more of the basic modular structure, through the selection and combination of these modular structure formed into various products. These basic structure can be parts, components, or even a system. The ideal modular structure should be standardized interface (connectivity and with the Department of), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, flexible, economic, with interchangeable, compatibility and relevance of the . China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, design and composition of deformation design combined, according to grade modular theory, machine processing center will be divided into Youdadaoxiao product level, component level, component-level and component level, and use CAD technology and expertise to their portfolio into different species, different specifications of the functional module, the module from the combination of these functions into different processing center overall programme.To select a design for the directory structure of the variation machinery tools, the design of the proposed elements for a complete, structured format, a solution set design directory. And Set Design listed in the directory comment on each of the additional information, very beneficial to design engineers choice of the elements. According to the connectivity features of mechanical parts and components, will be summarized into four types: 1) The components of direct targeting, and self-adjustment of parts, 2) a common structure of the assembly, 3) have nested structure and inlay Shell-like components of the connection, 4) a modular architecture and modular components of the connection. And a quasi-symbols that the typical components and rules of the connection between the components, to achieve this connection between the components of the algorithm and the concept of visualization.In the mechanical system design, "features a" module on the functions of decomposition, and provides the best functional decomposition "tablets" of the extent of the functional and institutional forms of one-to-one. "Structure to establish" as a function of the module is the choice of targets in order to achieve mapping algorithm.3, based on knowledge of product design featuresKnowledge-based product design features of the main features are: to use the computer to identify the language describing the characteristics of the product design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and reasoning machine, and then use the storage areas have been established by the knowledge and reasoning Mechanisms to achieve computer-aideddesign products.The mechanical system design is based on products with the characteristics, anddesign experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of several comprehensive. To achieve this stage of the computer-aided design, we must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the scholars at home and abroad designed for mechanical systems design knowledge of automated processing done a lot of research work, the method used can be summarized in thefollowing few.3.1 coding methodAccording to "campaign conversion" feature (the function million) institutions will be classified, described and use the code function yuan and institutional categories, which established a "body system design expert system" Knowledge Base. On this basis, will be the dual logic and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of combining theory, the establishment of the "expert systems" reasoning mechanism, and for thefour-position for the design of the machine.Use of biological evolution theory, through natural selection and sexual reproduction to the principle of evolution of organisms to the body design, use of network theory methods to express the structure for topology, and then through the coding technology, the structure and institutions Performance of individual chromosomes into the binary string, and in accordance with design requirements of fitness, the use of biological evolution theory of reproduction control mechanism, through the selection, crossover, such as a sudden variation means to eliminate low value of the individual are not suited to the fast evolution Be the best adaptation of the individual, that is, most with the design requirements of the agency programme.3.2 knowledge of the law mixedThe complex mechanical systems design, mixed use of the knowledge expression describes the design of various types of knowledge is particularly suited to this point has been the design of many scholars of the consensus.In the development of complex product design intelligent decision support system DMDSS, will be the rules, framework, processes and neural networks, and other knowledge that organic combination of methods to adapt to different types of knowledge in the design of the description. Knowledge will be a single expression of a variety of methods (rules, framework and process), according to object-oriented programming principles, the framework of the groove with that object's properties, with rules that target the dynamic characteristics, with the knowledge that thetreatment process, group Into a hybrid form of knowledge, and successfully developed the "object-oriented NC gantry milling machine gearbox design intelligent system GBCDIS" and "transmission structure design expert system GBSDES".3.3 use of the knowledge-based development toolCoupling in the CAD system, the use of the knowledge-based development tools NEXPERT-OBJECT, through the use of object-oriented approach, to create an object-oriented database design method for coupling the designer to design and structural design Provided extensive and reliable method of the design spectrum. NEXPERT describe the use of linear guide the design of the need to design based on knowledge of the content, which seek to knowledge-based solutions, and developed alinear guide design expert system.3.4 Design Law DirectoryConstruction of the "modules", "functional element solution" and "institutions" three progressive design directory, and this directory of three progressive design principles of the programme as a mechanical transmission system intelligent design anddevelopment of the knowledge base of design Aids.3.5 Based on the example of the wayIn the development of expert systems design knowledge base, using the basicpredicate described design requirements, design conditions and the selectedprogramme, described by frame "Project" and various "concept entity," through case-based reasoning of the technologies used to produce candidate With thehorsepower to product design requirements.4, Intelligent DesignIntelligent Design is the main characteristics: According to the theories of design, through the use of 3D graphics software, intelligent design software and virtual reality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development design, the concept of products, description of the product结构.In the use of mathematical systems theory at the same time, consider the theory of systems engineering, product design technology and systems development methodology VDI2221, developed for use in the early design of multimedia softwaredevelopment system MUSE.Automatic teller machines in the design, the product of the entire development process summed up as "product planning" and "development" and "production planning" three stages, and made full use of existing CAD cutting-edge technology - virtual reality technology. 1) product planning - idea products. Its task is to identify the external characteristics of products, such as color, shape, surface quality, ergonomics and so on, and the initial idea of using 3D CAD model show, to establish the appearance of the product simple model, the model can be virtual Environment in the establishment, through the use of data cap and three-dimensional mouse, users can to a certain extent, participate in this environment, and can rapidly generate different shapes and colors. Three-dimensional model of detection is the basis for the effect of external shape, but also variable geometry shows that the basis for the design, while still in the process of developing all types of foundation. 2) development - design products. The main stage according to the "synthesis" principle, the three-dimensional model on the configuration and integration of the elements of the design elements according to the different objectives have different meanings: It is the basic elements, such as bolts, or wheel shaft connected, and so it can also be a composite Elements, such as mechanical, electrical, electronic components, technology or software to control the transmission system; can also be requested, features, shape, and so on. Will achieve the critical functions of the elements targeted to three-dimensional model, to the configuration of products (design model of the relationship between elements) analysis, product configuration analysis is integrated "product planning" and"development" an important result. 3) production planning - processing and assembling products. At this stage, the main exposition of the assembly process in the application of CAD technology, to use the computer image display of the elements in the appropriate location of the assembly process, that is revealed through virtual assembly model and shape the relationship between the assembly, which found that difficulties and problems And find a way to solve problems, and that will be integrated CAD technology applied to the three stages of product development, design can make the process of synthesis and analysis in the "product planning" and "development" and "production planning" to turn in a row Conduct. Therefore, it can be found earlier in various stages of the existing problems in product development in the process of continuous refinement and improvement.China's use of virtual reality technology is still in the design phase has just begun. Use object-oriented technology, focused on the timing of the bodies according to package design expert system, and help with the exchange of high-performance graphics and processing power of OpenGL technology, in the three-dimensional environment from all angles to the expert system to design programmes To observe, such as themovement of inter-agency status of the convergence of conflict and so on.Construction will be standard modules, the overall product structure and its manufacturing process and the preparation instructions (see Figure 1) known as rapid prototyping technology. Product development proposals in the process of rapid prototyping technology, multimedia and virtual expression and neural networks (used in various stages of the process necessary for the occasion) with applications. With that computer software and hardware of continuous improvement, as far as possible to multimedia graphics technology used in product development, such as 3-D graphics (three-dimensional model) to replace assembly, demolition and design of connectivity needed for the three-dimensional structure of imagination, and so on And so on.Intelligent use of CAD system SIGRAPH-DESIGN as a development platform, the product development process is divided into conceptual design, assembly design and part design, and technology-based design variables, the establishment of the Offset cam linkage of the conceptual model. From the literature on the research work, the concept model is in determining the body type, on the basis of comprehensive, software SIGRAPH-DESIGN With the variable design features so that the principle of the structure as the parameters change, and The concept of the model parameters will be passed on to the next level of assembly model, part design.5, various design review and development trendTo sum up, systematic design methods will be designed from the abstract to the concrete tasks (from the tasks and requirements designed to achieve the mandate of the programme or structure) division level, the preparation of each layer to achieve the goals and methods, easy-to-digest , From abstract to concrete floors will be organically linked to the systematic design process so that the design of laws to go by, there are ways to follow and easy to realize computer-aided design process.Modular design structure as a function of the realization of a module structure, through a combination of modular structure, the design of products. For specific types of machinery products, as part of its function more clear and relatively stable, the module structure of relatively easy, therefore, use of modular approach to design more appropriate. As between the entities and function is not one-to-one relationship, an entity can usually achieve a number of functions, a feature often through a number of entities can be achieved. Therefore, if the structure of modular design approach used in a general sense of product design, structure and the delineation of optional modules are more difficult and require designers to design a considerable wealth of experience and extensive knowledge of the multidisciplinary field.Mechanical design of products not normally used purely mathematical calculation methods, but also difficult to model a full description, but only under the formal characteristics of the product description, help design expert knowledge andexperience for reasoning and decision-making. Therefore, to achieve thecomputer-aided design products, we must solve the computer storage and use of product design knowledge and design experts and other interested parties the question of decision-making, the resulting product characteristics of knowledge-based design. At present, the intelligent design approach is the use of 3D graphics software and virtual reality technology to design, intuitive and better development of the early users to a certain extent, directly involved in the design, but less systematically, and parts of the structure, Shape, size, location and reasonable identification, softwarerequirements have a high degree of intelligence, or the designer has extensiveexperience in participation.It is worth mentioning is: the above-mentioned method is not completely isolated, there are all kinds of ways between certain degree of contact, such as the modular design of the structure, the structure of the module contains a systematic thinking, the establishment of products Features and design knowledge base and reasoning machine, usually used to be systematic and structural modular approach, in addition, products based on knowledge of the design features of the programme at the same time, one of the foundations of intelligent design. In the mechanical design of products, depending on specific features to achieve the common parts, components or modules of common institutions, and apply it to the level of systematic design of the specific design of the forthcoming structural modular approach into systematic design method , Can not only ensure that the design of standardized, but can also simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and quality, reduce design costs.The vigorous development of network technology, Collaborative Design and Manufacturing, as well as from the user's functional requirements of product design → → processing → assembly → finished the realization of this parallel project possible. However, to achieve these goals one of the important prerequisites, product design is to achieve the effect of three-dimensional visualization. To this end, not only 3D graphics software, more and more intelligent design software used in product design, multimedia and virtual reality technology, ultra-media tools are also products of the programme design in Chuloufengmang. At present, Germany and other developed countries are concentrated on super-media technology research, product data exchange standards STEP, and virtual reality modeling language standard VRML (Intemet-based virtual environment on the standard exchange format) in productdesign applications.6, electromechanical integration technology development trends and the status quo Machinery products in the computer-aided design is achieved, Intelligent Design Collaborative and meet the needs of the design and manufacture of direction, as product design Computer Methods of a late start, has yet to mature, to achieve the above goals Design tools. The author believes that the integrated use of text in four types of design is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the comprehensive。
机电一体化专业外文翻译--机电一体化技术发展
外文原文：1, electromechanical integration and the development of technology trends Since an electronic technology birth of electronic technology and mechanical technology integration began, only a semiconductor integrated circuit, particularly in a microprocessor representative of the large-scale integrated circuits for the future, "mechatronics," a technical after significant progress, and has attracted widespread attention.(1) mechanical-electrical integration, "the course of development1. CNC machine tools come out, wrote "mechatronics," the first page of history;2. Microelectronic technology, "mechatronics''bring a great vitality;3. PLC, "Power Electronics" for the development of "mechatronics" provide a firm foundation;4. Laser technology, fuzzy technology, information technology and other new technologies to "mechanical and electrical integration," a new and higher level.(B) mechanical-electrical integration, "the development trend1. Integration of optical and electrical machinery. General mechanical and electrical integration system by sensing systems, energy systems, information processing systems, machinery, and other components of the structure. Therefore, the introduction of optical technology, the realization of the inherent advantages of optical technology is effective Improved mechanical-electrical integration system sensing system, energy (power) systems and information processing system. optical and electrical machinery integration is the development of mechanical and electrical products trend.2. Systematic self-distribution - Flexible Future electromechanical integration products, and implementation of control systems are adequate "redundancy" and more "flexible" and can better deal with an emergency, is designed "self-distribution system." Self-discipline in the distribution system, the various subsystems are independent of each other's work, the subsystem for system services, and has its own "self-discipline", according to different environmental conditions react differently. Its characteristics are subsystem can generate its own information and additional information given in the overall premise, specific "action" can be changed. In this way,significantly increase the system's ability to adapt (flexible), not because of the failure of a subsystem of the whole system.3. Holographic systematic - intelligent. Future integration of mechanical and electrical products, "holographic" features more and more obvious, more and more high-level intelligence. This is mainly revenues in the fuzzy technology, information technology (especially software and chip technology) development. In addition, the hierarchical structure of the system, a simple change of "top-down" situation is complex, there is much more two-way link redundancy.4. "Of a software" of the - Biomimetic systematic. Future integration of electrical and mechanical devices on the dependence of great information, and often the structure is in a "static" instability, but in a dynamic (work) when is stable. This is a bit like living biological: When control system (the brain) to stop work, then of "Death", and when control system (brain) work, the biological vitality. Bionics research in the field of a number of organisms have been found good institutions can provide products for the electrical and mechanical integration of the new body, but how to live with these new body of "Life" has to be in-depth study. This field of study referred to as "biological - Software" or "biological - System", and biological characteristics of the hardware (body) - Software (brain) one and indivisible. It seems, electromechanical integration of the products although there are more systematic development, but there is a long way to go.5. MEMS of - miniaturization. At present, the semiconductor devices used in the manufacturing process of etching technology, in the lab has produced sub-micron mechanical components. When will this result for the actual product, there is no need to distinguish between the mechanical part and controller. Will be completely mechanical and electronic "integration", and the body, the Executive Body, sensors, such as CPU can be integrated with the size of a small, and the formation of a self-regulatory components. This micro-mechanical integration of electromechanical important direction of development.Second, the typical electromechanical integration productsMechanical and electrical subsystems integration products (complete machine) and the foundation yuan, part two categories. Typical mechanical-electricalintegration system: CNC machine tools, robotics, automotive electronic products, intelligent instrumentation, electronic publishing printing systems, CAD / CAM systems. Typical electromechanical integration yuan, components are: power electronic devices and devices, programmable logic controller, fuzzy controller, micro-motors, sensors, ASIC, servo institutions. These typical electromechanical integration of technical status quo and development trends, market analysis of (not quoted);.Third, China's development "mechatronics" the situation and tasks facingMechanical and electrical integration mainly include two levels: First, by using microelectronic technology to transform traditional industries, and its purpose is energy and materials to enhance efficiency, improve product quality, the traditional industries of technological advances in improving step two is to develop automated, digital , intelligent mechanical and electrical products, and promote the upgrading of products.(1) China's "mechatronics" of the situation facing1. China's microelectronics technology to transform traditional industries with the workload of large and broad, difficult2. Electromechanical integration technology with China's accelerated product upgrading, enhancing the voice of the market share, pressure.3. Electromechanical integration with China replaced by products of low technology content and added value, energy, water, supplies, pollution, disturbing product liability heavy and meaningful. China's industrial systems, energy consumption, water consumption big, serious environmental pollution enterprises also accounted for a fairly large proportion. In recent years China's industrial structure, product mix Although several adjustments, but for various reasons, lack of effectiveness has been obvious. This is a higher level inside leading departments from many doors, enterprises are "finding it hard to leave their native land", "is entrenched industry", but also optimize the undeniable not the ideal industry, the optimized no Italian products. The best answer long ago put these enterprises in the face, this is the development of mechanical and electrical integration, development and production of the electrical and mechanical integration products. Mechatronics product featuresstrong, good performance, high-quality, low cost, and has a flexible, according to the needs of the market and reflect the user when the product mix and production process to do the necessary restructuring and reform, instead of switching equipment. This is the solution of mechanical and electrical products and more variety, the less important way to mass production. At the same time, for the traditional mechanical industries injection of fresh blood, bringing new vitality, and the heavy machinery production from the manual relieved to achieve civilized production.Furthermore, from the point of view of market demand, China's research and development of mechanical and electrical integration products with no long history, a big gap between the many varieties of product, quantity, grade, quality, can not meet the demand, larger than the annual import volume, much-needed development.(2) China's "mechatronics," the taskChina's mechanical and electrical integration, the task can be summed up in two sentences: The first observation is extensively used electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries; Another observation is that the mechanical and electrical integration in a big way to develop products, and promote the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products. The overall goal is to promote the formation of mechanical and electrical integration industry for China's industrial structure and product mix adjustment and make contributions.In short, electromechanical integration technology is to revitalize traditional electromechanical industrial source of fresh blood and driving force, is to open China's electromechanical industry products, the industrial structure adjustment of the keys to the door.Fourth, China's development "mechatronics" Countermeasures(1) strengthen the co-ordination arrangements, coordinated development planCurrently, the country engaged in "mechatronics" research and development and production of many units. Each had a set of its own development strategy. The units in their plans because of the foothold, the focus of the restrictions, it is inevitable to consider only local interests, the competent departments of the project and planning, lack of a unified consider, and make enough issue, the lack of authoritative Looking at the overall development plans and strategic planning. It is therefore recommendedthat the competent departments instruct the relevant units of in-depth investigation and study and scientific analysis on the basis of the overall development of a unified management "mechatronics" research, development, production plans and programmes to avoid duplication of development, production crashes!(B) strengthen regulation of the industry, to play the "Association" roleAt present, China's "mechatronics" more heat, while the current industry breakdown methods and management system, "from many doors" is the difficult pyridoxine. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify our country a "mechatronics" industry's management body, according to the country's political and economic reforms the spirit, as well as mechanical and electrical integration industry characteristics, we propose that the Beijing as soon as possible to strengthen the construction of the Electrical and Mechanical Integration Association, given its industry management functions. "Association" We should further expand the leadership - the representatives of the Governing Council and the level of coverage, we must strengthen the Office of the Secretariat building; able to pass its smart offices, economic entities, organizations, "industry" development, strategic planning fiction; guidance layout layout of the industry adjustment, the starting point for the development of options, do a good job of the pilot and key projects of the issuing of the project, the tender exercise……(C) Optimization development environment, increased support for theOptimization development environment that through propaganda among the masses, creating a community as a whole, both inside and outside the enterprise to support "the mechanical and electrical integration," the atmosphere of development, such as China as soon as possible for foreign investors to invest in the development of "mechatronics" industry to provide convenient as possible for the establishment of development, production integration of mechanical and electrical products give the green light to high-tech enterprises; endeavour to develop, manufacture electromechanical integration products, such as the deployment of elements of good resources.Increase the intensity of support, technology policy, it is necessary to strictly limit the consumption of electricity, water, supplies high-traditional productdevelopment, did not use the mechanical and electrical integration of backward technology products restrictions mandatory elimination; strongly advocated using electromechanical integration on the traditional industries for the transformation of the electrical and mechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries dry on the technical development and application of project priority projects, and give priority support to the technical development and application of the unit to contribute to leadership, science and technology personnel of recognition incentives.(D) to highlight key development, take into account the "two levels"Mechatronics industries cover a very wide, and our financial, human and material resources are limited, so we grasp mechatronics industry development can not be exhaustive, Bengpuzhixu, it should distinguish between primary and secondary, bold choices, in order, selective. Attention should be paid to work on two levels. The first level is the "face" of work, namely the use of electronic information technology to transform traditional industries, in the traditional electromechanical devices implanted or grafted on Microelectronics (computer) devices, the "machinery" and "electronic" technology in the Jiancengci integrate. The second level is the "increase", that is the beginning of the new product design, they "machinery" and "electronic" unified consideration, "machinery" and "electronic" inextricably linked, in-depth integration of the new production Products are at least do electromechanical integration.CONCLUSION: In this paper, in the careful guidance of teachers and strict requirements have been completed. Learning and life, will always feel the careful guidance of a mentor and selfless caring, I benefited. You are here to express our deep gratitude and lofty respect. Why not plot to跬step of a thousand miles, the smooth completion of the design, but also owe much to the datum related to the serious and responsible teacher, I can well understand and use our professional knowledge, and to be reflected in the design. At the same time, I collected a lot of online information before making my dissertation work smoothly. College of Engineering here to all teachers expressed heartfelt thanks.中文译文：一、机电一体化技术发展历程及其趋势自电子技术一问世,电子技术与机械技术的结合就开始了,只是出现了半导体集成电路,尤其是出现了以微处理器为代表的大规模集成电路以后,"机电一体化"技术之后有了明显进展,引起了人们的广泛注意.(一)机电一体化"的发展历程1.数控机床的问世,写下了"机电一体化"历史的第一页;2.微电子技术为"机电一体化''带来勃勃生机;3.可编程序控制器、"电力电子"等的发展为"机电一体化"提供了坚强基础;4.激光技术、模糊技术、信息技术等新技术使"机电一体化"跃上新台阶.(二)机电一体化"发展趋势1.光机电一体化.一般的机电一体化系统是由传感系统、能源系统、信息处理系统、机械结构等部件组成的.因此,引进光学技术,实现光学技术的先天优点是能有效地改进机电一体化系统的传感系统、能源(动力)系统和信息处理系统.光机电一体化是机电产品发展的重要趋势.2.自律分配系统化——柔性化.未来的机电一体化产品,控制和执行系统有足够的“冗余度”，有较强的“柔性”，能较好地应付突发事件，被设计成“自律分配系统”。
一篇机电一体化的英语论文及翻译
一篇机电一体化的英语论文及翻译第一篇：一篇机电一体化的英语论文及翻译A Systems Approach for Modelling Mechatronics SystemsBassam A.Hussein Production and Quality Engineering Department, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, NorwayReceived on December 3,1997ABSTRACTThis paper presents a unified approach based on utilizing multidimensional arrays in order to model the physical and logical properties of mechatronics systems.A mechatronics system model consists of two interacting submodels.A submodel that describes aspects related to energy flow in the physical system, and another submodel that describes aspects related to information flow in the control system.The multidimensional array based approach of modelling provides us with the possibility to use one terminology and the same formalism for modelling both subsystems.The consequence of using the same formalism is that simulation of the mechatronics system can be performed using only one simulation environmentKeywords: Mechatronics, System, Modelling1.INTRODUCTIONMechatronics system is defined as the synergetic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics, and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes [5].The components of mechatronics systems must be designed concurrently, that is, the constraints imposed on the system by each discipline must be considered at the very early stages.Therefore, proper system design willdepend heavily on the use of modelling and simulation throughout the design and prototyping stages.The integration within a mechatronics system is performed through the combination of the hardware components resulting in a physical system and through the integration of the information processing system resulting in an intelligent control system [7].The mechatronics system then, is the result of applying computer based control systems to physical systems.The control system is designed to execute commands in real time in order to select, enhance, and supervise the behavior of the physical system.The only possible way to guarantee that these control functions will keep the behavior of the whole system within certain boundaries before we actually build it, is to create a model of the real system that takes into account all the imposed constraints by both the hardware and software components.This implies that a model of the real system must be powerful enough to capture all the properties of mechatronics system.That includes;the dynamic, static, discrete event, logic, as well as cost related properties of the real system, a task we believe, defies any fragmented approach of modelling.In this paper we present a unified approach for modelling mechatronics systems.This unified approach utilizes geometric objects or multidimensional arrays to formulate models of mechatronics systems.The multidimensional array based approach of modelling provides us with the possibility to use the same formalism for a large variety of systems [2,3,4,9].The consequence of using the same formalism is that simulation of mechatronics systems can be performed using only one simulation environment.2.MODEL STRUCTUREIntuitively speaking, a model that describes the dynamicbehavior of a given system can not be used to investigate the static behavior of the very same system.Therefore, in order to capture all aspects, we need a variety of models, each one of them encapsulates some aspects of the real system.We will consider the mechatronics system model as a set of connected submodels, each submodel corresponds to some realizable aspects.In this regard, the term connected was used to emphasize the dependency between the variables in these submodels.Throughout the process of modelling, we shall distinguish between the following concepts, see Figure 1.Decomposition: in order to handle the complexity of mechatronics systems, they should be decomposed into subsystems.This decomposition is carried out on a multilevel fashion until we reach the basic elements that constitute the total system.The primitive system model: is a description of the system in the disconnected state.It expresses the relation between the variables in the individual elements when the bonds between these elements are removed.By this model we isolate a specific behavior;static, dynamic, etc., in each element.A pair of local variables defines the behavior of a given element locally.The Connected system model: is a description of the same system after taking the internal constraints into account.The internal constraints within the system are given by the way the local variables are connected or related directly as well as indirectly by the variables of the connected system.The connected system model resembles the actual structure of the real system.The applied sources are generated due to interaction between the system and its environment.They could be seen as the external constraints imposed on the system or even inherent constraints in the form of stored energy in system elements.3.APPLICATIONEXAMPLE Consider, the manufacturing system shown in Figure 2.The system consists of a boring spindle powered by a direct current motor.The feed forward motion of the boring spindle is carried out by means of a hydraulic linear actuator.The hydraulic actuator is powered by a constant pressure hydraulic pump.The volumetric flow in the hydraulic circuit is controlled by a servo valve [8].The above manufacturing system has the following specifications: The positions of boring spindle are sensed by three micro breakers.Breaker(B)which indicates that the boring spindle is at the rear position.At the rear position the rapid phase valve(I)will be switched on in order to allow a rapid forward motion(F)and the signal(S)will switch on the spindle motor.Breaker(M)indicates that the boring spindle has reached the feeding position.At this position the rapid phase valve will be switched off in order to start a controlled feed forward motion.This motion is regulated by the servo valve(St).Breaker(€)which indicates that the boring spindle has reached its final position, at this position and the backward motion(R)will begin, simultaneously the rapid phase valve(I)will be switched on in order to allow a rapid backward motion.It is also specified that the rotating speed of the spindle motor should be kept at 3000 rpm.during boring the work piece and the feed forward speed must be kept at 2cm/sec under all loading conditions.Our objective is to set up a complete model of the given system using multidimensional arrays and to carry out necessary experiments on the model to verify that specifications are satisfied.3.1 Physical System ModellingWhen modelling physical systems, we are concerned with modelling the evolution of the physical variables that lives within this system.The decomposition of the physical system is shownin Figure 3.The groups of basic physical elements are classified into three categories: Generalized resistor: examples of this category are;electric resistor, mechanical damper, and hydraulic resistor.Generalized capacitor: examples of this category are;electric capacitor, mechanical spring, and hydraulic reservoir.Generalized inductor examples of this category are;electric inductor, mechanical mass, and hydraulic inductor.Breaking down the physical system into subsystems and further into basic elements will provide us with a sharp insight about the evolution of the physical quantities within each subsystem, yielding to better understanding of the modes and the states that each subsystem would attain.The advantages of having such insight will become visible during the design phase of a local control system.Modelling can be considered as the opposite procedure of decomposition.The difference is that, in decomposition, we divide the system into independent physical entities, while in modelling we reconnect the models of these physical entities.Therefore, modelling can be seen as the procedure of connection.In modelling, we start at the bottom level of this hierarchy and move upwards.At each level, we propagate from a primitive system model to a connected system model.In the succeeding level, the primitive system model would then be established by aggregating the connected system models from the former level as shown in Figure 4.At the bottom level of each subsystem, the primitive system model will be established by utilizing the governing equation or the fundamental law of each individual element.That fundamental law, such as Newton's law or Ohm's law, describes the local behavior of that element.Direct and indirect connections that resemble the internal constraints within the boundaries of eachsubsystem define the transformation from the primitive system model to the connected system model.For systems with linear connections such as direct current servomotor, the internal constraints are given by one connection object, the velocity object(V).The velocity object is a 2-dimensional array, the rows in that array correspond to the variables in the primitive system(local variables)and the columns correspond to the variables in the connected system(global variables).Thus, the velocity object is a transformation from the global variables in the connected system model to local variables in the primitive system model.The model of the physical system is set up by aggregating diagonally the connected system models of the hydraulic subsystem and the boring spindle.Modelling the physical system resulted in a set of different all algebraic equations [7].In a state space form, the behavior of the physical system is given by: y = ~(A , x , u , ~)Where(x)is the set of initial state variables,(u)is the set of input sources,(A)is the state transition matrix for the physical specific control function of truth or falsehood(1 0).3.2 Control System Modelling Before a control algorithm can be designed and implemented we need a description of its required properties or behavior.A precise and comprehensive mathematical model of the properties of the control system could be expressed by employing logic notation.This mathematical model provides us with means to reveal the inconsistency and conflicts in the control system and to verify that the control system meets design specifications.In order to carry out all control functions outlined in problem description, the control system should be decomposed into three subsystems.A process controller subsystem, which will be responsible to issue start and stop commands for the differentphysical entities and two continuos controllers.One controller for the servo valve in the hydraulic subsystem in order to regulate the feed forward motion of the hydraulic actuator.The second controller is for the servomotor in order to regulate the angular speed of the spindle motor.The decomposition is shown in Figure 5.The functions of each subsystem are described by a set of logical arguments or rules.Each of these logical arguments could be considered as a subsystem that can be decomposed further into a number of factious logical elements.These elements could be literally anything that could carry a logical variable that assumes either the stateof truth or falsehood(1 0).These elements represent the primitive system model of aspecific control function.The procedure of modelling the control system will also move upward along the hierarchy until a total model is obtained as shown in Figure 6.In the primitive system model, the connections between the logical variables are defined by three connection objects.In classical logic, they are referred to as basic logical connectives.The group of basic logical connectives includes;conjunction(AND)，disjunction(OR), and negation(NOT).We propagate to the connected system model by aggregating the logical variables in the primitive system using the above logical connectives.A connected subsystem is nothing else but the truth table of a logical argument expressed in a multi-dimensional array form.The number of axes in that array should be equal to the number of variables, therefore all repeated axes must be fused together by the method of colligation.The connected system expresses all the possible states of the system after imposing the internal constraints on the structure by connecting its individual elements.The behavior of the control system could be represented in the following forms = f(p , , i , n).Where,(0)is a set of input variables that is external constraints due to interaction with the environment.(P,)is the state transition matrix of the control system expressed in multidimensional array format.(s)is a set of output variables.The index(n)is analogues to a time index in that it specifies the order of a given state.3.3 Model of The Total SystemSince both systems utilize different types of signals internally, then intuitively speaking, the only possible interface between the physical and the control system model will take place externally, through the environment by means of the impressed sources.In the above manufacturing system, we can distinguish between two ways of interface between the physical and the control system.Discrete interface: takes place in the process controller when the purpose of the control system is to coordinate asynchronous tasks to satisfy system requirements.For example, when an event command “start the spindle motor” is issued by the process controller, the spindle motor starts rotating.The process of rotation itself is controlled by the lower level controller(continuos controller).Continuous interface: takes place locally on lower level control schemes when the purpose of the control system is to keep the behavior of the physical system within given boundaries such as implementing speed control.The resultant system model in this case is said to be a hybrid system model.The identifying characteristics of hybrid systems are that they incorporate both continuos dynamic behavior, i.e., the evolution of physical quantities governed by differential and algebraic equations(y = f(A , x , u , r)), and discrete event dynamic behavior governed by logic equations:(s = f(p , , i , n)).A total model can be obtained by generating a simple interface between the physical system model and the control system model.Theinterface will be consisting of two simple memoryless mapping functions(a)and(p)[l].The first map(a)converts the controller output(s)into a constant incremental input to the physical system as follows: u(i)= a(s n)The second map(p)converts the physical system output into a set of input logic variables to the control system as follows: i= p(y(r)), as shown in Figure 7.What we have gained so far is establishing a consistent and complete mathematical description of mechatronics system model by using arrays to identify the properties of the whole system.The interface between the submodels is kept as simple as possible by employing simple mapping functions.4.SIMULATION Considering that the whole system is at rest and the boring spindle is at the rear position and the user has just pressed start button.The combination of input signal from the breakers and from the interface with the physical system will cause the control system to attain a new state and consequently a new set of output logical variables will be generated.This combination of output signals will cause the boring spindle to start moving forward in a rapid phase motion(uncontrolled motion).At the same time the spindle motor will be switched on and start rotating.However, since the spindle motor has not yet reached the feeding position, this rotation speed will remain unaffected by the servo motor control algorithm.Simulation for the angular velocity of the spindle motor is shown in Figure 8.It is shown from Figure 8 that the spindle motor will attain a constant rotation speed of 3173 rpm.after a transient period of about 5 seconds.The spindle motor was simulated assuming zero load torque on the spindle that is because the boring spindle has not yet reached feeding position.The objective of the control system will be to keep spindle motor within 3000 r.p.m.under all loadingconditions.Simulation of the linear speed and the differential pressure of the hydraulic actuator is shown in Figure 9.I t shows that the rapid phase velocity of the actuator is about 6cm/sec.The system will continue to operate within the boundaries shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 until i t receives a new set of input sources.That set will be initiated when the boring spindle reaches position M.Due to the signals generated from the interface with physical system, which is no longer at rest, combined with a new set of signals from the micro breakers.The control system will attain a new state and generate another set of output signals to be interpreted by the mapping function and converted into new input physical signals.In this case, the boring spindle will go from rapid phase motion(6cmkec)to a controlled feed forward motion in such way that the feed forward motion will be kept at 2cm/sec, and the rotating speed of the spindle motor should be reduced from 3173 r.p.m.to be within 3000 r.p.m.under all loading conditions.The actuator linear velocity will be controlled by the servo valve controller algorithm.And the boring spindle motor will be controlled by the servo motor controller algorithm.Assuming that the servomotor is subjected to cosine load torque given by(q = 2 x cost)and the hydraulic cylinder is subjected to load force given by(F ~= 0.0s x c o s t).Simulation results are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 1 1.The simulation shows that the output speed of both the spindle motor and the actuator cylinder are kept within the boundaries specified by control algorithm.5.CONCLUSIONSA systems approach that utilizes multidimensional arrays for modelling mechatronics systems has been proposed and presented in this paper.The array approach provided us with a powerful mathematical representation of the real system.Byutilizing multidimensional arrays we set up two submodels embodying the physical and the logical properties of mechatronics system.The interface between these two submodels is kept as simple as possible by employing a simple mapping functions.6.REFERENCESAntsaklis, et.al.1993, Hybrid system modelling and autonomous control systems.Hybrid systems workshop, Technical university of Denmark.Bjrarke, 0., 1989, Manufacturing systems theory A geometric approach to connection.Tapir-TrondheimFranksen, Ole I., 1992, The geometry of logic, from truth tables to nested arrays.The 4th international symposium on systems analysis and simulations.BerlinHarashima, et.al.1996, Mechatronics-What is it, why, and how?.IEEWASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol.1, No.Hussein, B.A., 1997, On modelling mechatronics systems.NTNU report, Trondheim, Norway Isermann, R., 1996, Modelling and design methodology for mechatronics system.IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol.1, No.Mprller, G.L, 1995, On the technology of array based logic.Ph.D.dissertation Electric power engineering department, Technical University of Denmark建立机电一体化模型的系统方法Bassam A.Hussein 生产和质量工程部，挪威科技大学，师大，挪威特隆赫姆1997年11月3日摘要本文介绍了一个统一的基于利用多维阵列以模拟物理和逻辑机电系统的性能。
机电工程专业英语翻译(2)
包含16、17、18、22、23、27单元As the arbiter of quality via the deviation from drawing procedure, quality planning has the database to evaluate performance of the various shop and support functions.作为产品设计与制造偏差的评判者，质量规划部门可以通过数据库对产品的各个加工工序及制造情况进行评估Annealing is a generic term denoting a heat treatment that consists of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature followed by cooling at a suitable rate 退火：热处理的一个通用术语，指的是加热到一定温度并保温，然后以合适的速度冷却Apart from the smoothenss of operation thus obtained, a great improvement is usually found in the surface finish on the work and the tool can make heavier cuts without detriment and will last considerably longer without regrinding除了能使机床运行平稳之外，液压驱动在机床上还有许多其他优越之处。
例如，可以改善工件表面的光洁度；可以在不损坏刀具的前提下增大刀具上的作用载荷；可以进行长时间的切削加工，而无需再次刃磨刀具等A robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for used in industrial automation applications机器人是一种自动控制，可编程，多功能的，由几个可重复编程的坐标系来操纵的机器装置，可固定或移动的方式应用于工业自动化中And, whether you know it or not, many papers are rejected by journal editors because of a faulty Discussion, even though the data of the peper might be both valid and interesting.不知你是否知道，尽管许多论文中的数据正确而有根据，且能够引起人们的兴趣，但讨论部分写得不好也会使其遭到期刊编辑的拒绝Because robots can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.因为机器人可以比人更快更准确地完成某些基本任务，所以广泛地用于制造业By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller can conduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.通过将反馈信号与程序设定值相对比，闭环控制器能引导机器人向准确的位置运动并实现期望的状态。
机电学院毕业设计外文翻译
景德镇陶瓷学院毕业设计(论文)有关外文翻译院系：机械电子工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：李东波学号：200610310131指导教师：吕冬青（老师）完成时间：2011年4月20日说明1、将与课题有关的专业外文翻译成中文是毕业设计（论文）中的一个不可缺少的环节。
此环节是培养学生阅读专业外文和检验学生专业外文阅读能力的一个重要环节。
通过此环节进一步提高学生阅读专业外文的能力以及使用外文资料为毕业设计服务，并为今后科研工作打下扎实的基础。
2、要求学生查阅与课题相关的外文文献3篇以上作为课题参考文献，并将其中1篇（不少于3000字）的外文翻译成中文。
中文的排版按后面格式进行填写。
外文内容是否与课题有关由指导教师把关，外文原文附在后面。
3、指导教师应将此外文翻译格式文件电子版拷给所指导的学生，统一按照此排版格式进行填写，完成后打印出来。
4、请将封面、译文与外文原文装订成册。
5、此环节在开题后毕业设计完成前完成。
6、指导教师应从查阅的外文文献与课题紧密相关性、翻译的准确性、是否通顺以及格式是否规范等方面去进行评价。
指导教师评语：签名：年月日计算机辅助夹具设计 - 回顾与未来趋势J.塞西尔虚拟企业工程实验室（VEEL），工业工程处，新墨西哥州立大学，拉斯克鲁塞斯，美国夹具设计是一个重要的工艺设计活动，因为它的自动化对计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（CAM）的一体化是至关重要的。
在本文提供了夹具设计最先进的国家的审查办法。
夹具设计现有目前的缺点方法和研究领域集中在不久的将来的发展也已确定。
关键词：计算机辅助设计，计算机辅助制造;夹具设计1．导言夹具是是用来固定某个工件的位置的机构，利用机械工具来准确的固定工件和在加工过程中支撑着工件。
通常情况下，夹具设计包括压板，定位装置和支撑装置，以及相应的夹具元件来实现各自的职能。
在制造业中，夹具设计的自动化是一个重要的研究领域，必须让设计和制造实现一体化。
夹具的设计是一项复杂的任务，作为一个关键的是设计制造环节，特别是在现代计算机集成制造（CIM）环境[1,2]。
-机电一体化专业毕业设计外文翻译-其他专业
MS Access MRP Manufacturing Resource PlanningSmall Business MRP - Small Business ERPMicrosoft Access Database ERP MRP ProgramERP / MRP Manufacturing Software ProgramPEDYN specializes in Small Business Manufacturing Operations, Engineering Management, and Document Control Software. See the all in one P2000 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP / MRP) program that uses Microsoft Access as the program platform. The P2000 is a powerful Low Cost solution for your complete business operations, from design concept, project management and documentations control to purchasing, material control, manufacturing, and order entry. It's graphical design and drill down navigation make the P2000 very easy to learn and use. Since the program is completely written using Microsoft Access, it interfaces well with other products, and can be easily customized to fit your ever changing business requirements. The program can be used along with other ERP / MRP programs that your company may be using by activating only the modules that you require. The P2000 is expandable, flexible and provides the perfect low cost solutions for small to mid size engineering and manufacturing companies. Why spend a fortune on expensive complicated system programs that are not easily adaptable to your specific needs. Using Microsoft Access as a front-end operating system means that you havefull control and flexibility. Create new forms and reports as you need them. Expand your operating system anyway you choose.ERP software Categories and Features1.Manufacturing and Operations Modules:Manufacturing Software, Manufacturing Program, Operations Software, Operations Program, Manufacturing Solutions, Production Management Program, Production Control Management, Discrete Manufacturing, Production Planning, Material Requirement Planning （MRP）， Manufacturing Resource Planning （MRP II）, Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP Software, MIS, Stock Replenishment Systems, Production Workflow Management, Product Management, Supply Chain Management, SCM, Supply Management, Materials Management, Business Management, Planning and Scheduling Enterprise, Multi-User Manufacturing Control Software, Inventory Management, Inventory Control, Product Management, Stock Control software, Small Business Soluitions, Small Business MRP, Small Business ERP2.Engineering Modules:Engineering Management Software, Engineering Software, Engineering Program, Engineering Project Management Software Programs, Design Management Software Engineer Task Management, Engineering Task Management, Daily Task Management, Tasking,Engineering Change Notice, Engineering Change Request, Engineering Change Order, Engineering Change Orders, ECN, ECO, DCO, DCN, ECR, DCR, Engineering Operations, Engineering Project Planning and Scheduling, Online Task Management3.Documentation Modules:Documentation Control software, Document Control Management, Drawing Control, Configuration Control Management, Configuration Management Software, Configuration Control Software, Drafting Management, Document Change Order, Change Orders, BOM software, Bill Of Materials, Indented Multi Level, Reference Designators, Drafting Task Management,Draftsman,CAD, AUTOCAD, Configuration Management, Electronic Document Management, Enterprise Document Management Systems, Specification Management, Release Control, Revision Control, Workflow Systems, Specification Control Drawings, Source Control Drawings, SCD, Fabrication Drawing, Assembly Drawings, Online Sign-off and Approval Forms, Engineering Change Orders, ECN, ECO, DCO, DCN, ECR, DCR, BOM, bom, PDM Product Data Management, PDM Software, PDM Access Database4.Processes:Make To Order, Assemble To Order, Build To Order, Configure To Order, Cellular Manufacturing, , Forecasting, Standard Costing,Material Receiving, Shipping, Resources, Master Scheduling, Production Capacity, Shop Loading and Capacity Planning, Business Processes, Job Shop, Routing, Electronic Order Processing, Demand, Scheduling, Scrap, Product Cost, Labor, WIP, Finished Goods, Stock Control, Inventory Control, Standard Cost, Standard Costing, Average Costing, Average cost, Forecasting, Delivery, Pick List, Vendor List, Components, Sub Assemblies, Material Planning, Demand Planning, Forecasting, Sales Planning, Distribution Planning, Production Planning, Work Order Management, Customer Order Management, Order Entry, Pricing, Shipping, Load Building, Routing, Item Master, Parts List, Parts Book, Purchase Order, Purchase Orders, PO, Purchasing, Work Order, Sales Order, Order Entry, Customer Order Processing, Shop Order, Back Order, Shipping Order, Parts Allocation, Allocations, Product Costing, Master ProductionScheduling, Dock-to-Stock, Inspection, Testing, ISO 9000 Compliant, ISO 9001 Compliance, Finance and Accounting Interface, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, General Ledger, Invoicing, Cost Management, Financial Control, Cash Flow Forecasting, Financial Forecasting, Planning System, Invoice, Tracking, Time, Analysis, Human Resources, Payroll, Time, Personnel5.Platform:MS Access Database Platform, Microsoft Access Database, MS Access97, MS Access2000, MS Access 97, MS Access 2000, Access XP 2002 2003, MSAccess Forms, MSAccess Reports, Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft NT, Microsoft XP, Excel, SQL, MySQL, ACCESS PEDYNE, PEDYNAMICS, P2000, Software, Program, Custom, Customized, Access Programming, Custom Database, Low Cost, LOW COST, Free Demo, Free Trial6.Other:PDM Product Data Management, Repetitive Production Management, Business Planning, Sales and Operations Planning, Distribution Requirements Planning, Capacity Requirements Planning, CRP, Process Management, Product Data Management, Information Management Systems, Warehousing, Distribution Center Operations, Warehouse Management Systems, WMS, Electronic Data Interchange, EDI, Customer Relationship Management, CRM, Company Solutions, QRM, Quick Response Manufacturing, Supply Chain Planning, Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI, Site Location Planning, Distribution Resource Planning, DRP, Resource Monitoring, Administrative Management, JIT, Demand Planning, Demand Chain, Business Intelligence, Intelligent Enterprise, Flow Techniques, Business Solutions, Agile E-Business, QuickBooks, PeachTree, Quality ManagementMaterial Requirements Planning OverviewMaterial Requirements Planning (MRP) is designed to assist manufacturers in inventory and production management. Using MRP helps ensure that materials will be available in sufficient quantity and at the proper time for production to occur, without incurring excess costs by having the materials on hand too early. MRP assists in generating and (as needed) revising production plans to meet expected demands and replenishment plans to assure the timely availability of raw materials and all levels of product components.MRP begins by compiling a Bill of Materials (BOM) for each end product or component of interest. This is a listing of the components and quantities that are needed to manufacture the end product or component. Theoretically, the compilation of BOMs continues recursively, enumerating the subcomponents that are needed to manufacture each component, until only raw materials appear in the generated BOMs. In practice, a manufacturer may prefer to extend the BOM enumeration for only a specified number of levels and to assume that components and/or raw materials beneath that level are available on demand.Next, MRP requires information on the lead times associated with each manufacturing or assembly procedure that is required to produce the components and end products. Lead time is the time required toassemble or manufacture the needed components into the end product (or higher-level component), and thus is the time elapsed between the point at which all needed components are present and the end of assembly or manufacturing. These lead times may be compiled per unit of each component/product or may be based on predetermined batch sizes.MRP combines the BOMs, the lead times, and estimates of demand for end products to generate the Master Production Schedule, which details a schedule of assembly and production that enables the manufacturer to meet the estimated demand. This schedule addresses only the final level of assembly or production (resulting in end products), and includes both the timing and quantities of production. The Master Production Schedule serves as the basis for all further output information from MRP.Using the Master Production Schedule as a starting point, it is a conceptually simple (but computationally demanding) task to combine it with the data on lead times and BOMs to derive a schedule of component (and possibly raw materials) requirements, through as many levels of assembly and production as the manufacturer chooses. This schedule can account for such factors as work-in-progress, current inventory of and pending orders for materials and components, and direct demand for components as service items. Using this schedule ofrequirements, the manufacturer must determine a material replenishment strategy that satisfies these requirements. A wide variety of ordering rules and heuristics can be incorporated intocomputer-based MRP models.In addition to the material requirements, other useful data can be generated from the Master Production Schedule. These include the projected inventory levels for any end product, the projected schedule for any assembly or production process, and the projected utilization of capacity for a particular production operation. Any of this information should aid in evaluating current or potential materials replenishment strategies.Computers are instrumental in any real-world implementation of MRP, due to the large amount of data processing required to generate initial material requirements. Additionally, it's probable that the entire analysis will have to be repeated several times in response to changing conditions (for example, changes in demand, manufacturing processes, or material supply). This makes the need for computers even clearer. This example illustrates the use of SAS/OR software (specifically, PROC CPM and PROC GANTT) in a SAS/AF application that performs Material Requirements Planning for a hypothetical clothing manufacturer. A small number of data steps and relatively simple procedure calls from SAS/OR, Base SAS, and SAS/GRAPHaccomplish all the computational work needed to support this application. The few simplifying assumptions made to limit the scope of this sample application could in practice be relaxed to make the application useful in a more complex and more realistic MRP setting. This application could also serve as an MRP module in a broader production and inventory control system.MS Access MRP(制造资源计划)小企业的MRP——小企业的ERP基于微软的Access数据库ERP/MRPERP /MRP 制造软件项目PEDYN是一家专门针对开发小企业的生产操作系统、工程管理和文件控制软件的公司。
机电一体化专业英语 Unit 6
Exploded view drawing
An exploded view drawing is a technical drawing of an object that shows the relationship or order of assembly of the various parts. It shows the components of an object slightly separated by distance, or suspended in surrounding space in the case of a three-dimensional exploded diagram. An object is represented as if there had been a small controlled explosion emanating from the middle of the object, causing the object's parts to be separated an equal distance away from their original locations
An exploded view drawing can show the intended assembly of mechanical or other parts. In mechanical systems usually the component closest to the center is assembled first, or is the main part in which the other parts get assembled. This drawing can also help to represent disassembly of parts, where the parts on the outside normally get removed first