赖世雄英语1_40课讲义(2)
赖世雄中级美语教程 1-148课笔记(彩色word版)
1. Rome Wasn't Built in a Day p.1.English is an international language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it. It can be rewarding or just a waste of time. It's up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about learning English.First, don't be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them. Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up! Finally, you mush be patient. Remember, "Rome wasn't built in a day."☆foul language 下流话Mandarin 普通话，国语☆Your stay here is just(or only) a waste of time.☆rewarding a.有（获）益的；修得做的，划算的．Teaching is a very rewarding profession.教书是一种很有价值的职业．Exercise is a rewarding for our health.☆by fits and starts. adv.间歇地,断断续续地,一阵一阵地My brother studied accounting by fits and starts, so he failed.☆tip n. ①建议②小费③提示，技巧give sb. tips on/about sth. vt.给某人关于某事的建议tip (about) = advice (on)a good piece of advice 不说: a good advice☆stink vi.臭stingy☆be patient with sb. 对...有耐心☆thick-skinnned a.厚颜的Eg：If you want to be a good salesman,you must be thick-skinned.☆Don’t be afraid to make mistake. 别怕犯错．☆It depends on how you study it.那要看你如何去学习．It depend on when you do it.那要看你何时去做．2. How to Improve Your English p.9.Mack is talking to his friend Don.M: Hi, Don! How are you doing in your English class?D: Not so well, I'm afraid.M: What's the problem?D: I'm not improving. T ell me, how come your English is so good?M: Well, uh…I have an American girlfriend.D: Aha! That's it. Now I know what to do. (He runs off.)M: Hey, Come back! I was just kidding!☆funny farm 疯人院正式：mental asylum☆improve sth = make a lot of improvement in sth☆how come(口) 无需要倒装=why☆talk to(with) sb. about sth. vi. talk sb. into doing vt.说服☆When he gave a speech, we realized that he was just talking nonsense. ☆He is a problem studnet.☆greeting 招呼语How are you doing in ...? or: How are you getting along? 近来怎么样？久违的老朋友还可以说：How are you? or How have you been?Howdy 美国南部招呼语answer: Howdy☆blind date 相亲,盲目约会☆I am afraid (that省略) it is going to rain, so we can't go on a picnic. 我认为...(弱语气)☆What's the problem (with)?= What's wrong?= What's the matter (with)?☆goof around 浪费时间，混时间☆Aha, that's it. = Aha, I get it. = I understand.☆kidding = joking3. The City of Song p.13Listening to music is the favorite pastime of many people all over the world. This is especially true for people living in Vienna, the city of song. Being the home of Mozart, this city is the birthplace of classical music and the waltz.Music fills the air in Vienna. Going to public concerts is often free of charge. And don't forget, Vienna is also home to the world famous Vienna Boys' Choir. No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.☆Austria Australia jog 慢跑chore 杂物(可数) potbelly 大肚皮He is a potbelly. ☆the world over adv. = around the world = throughout the world = all over the world☆maestro 艺术大师，名作曲家☆birthplace 发源地，诞生日classical 古典的classic 经典的☆be free (of charge) 免费的This sample is free of charge.☆be enslaved by 被...奴役be enslaved to a bad habit 改不掉坏习惯☆be home to 某地是…的所在地／出产地／聚集地be the home of 某地是…的故乡／老家☆no wonder + clause（主+v.）adv.难怪Eg：No wonder Bruce is in such a good shape, he excercises.No wonder you’re so thin, you eat so little.☆be alive with a.活的，充满的Eg：The room is alive with children’s laughter.sth. fill the air充满着某物Eg：Romatic love songs fill the air in that cozy Italian restaurant.那家温馨的意大利餐馆充满着罗曼蒂克的情歌．4. He Who Hesitates Is Lost p.21Mike is in Vienna with his girlfriend Daisy.M: Are you having a good time, Daisy?D: Are kidding? I'm having the time of my life. I loved the concerts.M: Concert going is fantastic but what else can we do?D: Biking along the banks of the river Danube could be fun.M: It sounds like a great idea!D: Let's do it then.M: You're right. As they say, "He who hesitates is lost."☆He who(引导表语从句) hesitates is lost. 迟疑着将丧失良机.hesitates to …做…犹豫不决He who…+单数动词“凡是…的人….”= one who.. = those who +复数动词Eg：He who works hard will be successful. "He" means anyone. or: one, those☆I was lost in that music. ＂沉醉于＂= be absorbed in one's work☆While on vacation last year, I visited France and Italy. 渡假☆Chinese character “中国字”不说Chinese words☆The artist will put on (hold) an exhibit next month. (put on 娱乐)☆fantastic = wonderful, great, awesome, terrific (cool for the young) aweful = terrible 糟☆Biking along the bank could be/can be/must be/is fun.☆have 做“有”无进行时态Eg：I have a car. I have time.即，无法说＂正在＂的词，无进行时态I love you.5. Bungee Jumping p.26Bungee jumping looks like It makes me nervous to watch someone do it. It certainly takes a lot of guts to jump one thousand feet above the water with only a rope tied to your legs. It scares me just to think about it. However, it is something I really want to do one day.Some people think I'm crazy. They say to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness. I don't agree. For me, to live a short and exciting life is far better than to live a long and boring one. What do you think?☆wild boar 野猪☆Paper originated in China. 起源于☆have the guts(口语)/courage to be. 有做…的勇气／胆量．pluck up one's courage 鼓起勇气muster up one's courageEg：Bill does not have the guts to ask Marry to go out for a date.☆be tied to = be bound (bind) to 被...绑在That poor dog is tied/bound to the fence, he can not run away.☆be scared of = be frightened of Peter is scared of snakes.scare sb. to death 把某人吓的要死．He scared me to death.☆He looked into the mirror and found he looked much older. 照镜子☆cockroach(es) 蟑螂lunatic n.adj疯子luna 月亮(拉丁文)☆get some where有出息get no where 没出息If you work hard you get somewhere someday.☆I agree with you on this point, but I disable agree with you on that point. ☆agreeable 相处容易的: I like Marry, because she's a very agreeable personality.☆live/lead + a/an +a. life过着…生活The famous sight lives/leads a simple life.☆boring a.令人厌烦的，无聊的（指事）So boring 真无聊boring daybe bored with a.感到厌烦的（指人）=be fed up with =be sick of =be tired of “受够了”“对…感厌烦”☆What do you think? 你认为呢？☆looks /tastes /sounds like(prep.) 后接名词“象”☆知觉动词vt. 看：see, watch,look at(注视) 听：hear,listion to 感觉：feel1)vt.+宾+宾补(动原) 强调确有事情发生，表进行时态2)vt.+宾+宾补(现在分词) 强调事情正在发生3)vt.+宾+宾补(过去分词) 强调被动的状态6. Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained p.35Lisa and Bill are talking about their future.L: What's your goal in life, Bill?B: To fly in the sky and feel as free as a bird.L: That's easy.B: What do you mean?L: Go bungee jumping.B: You mush be kidding. It's too dangerous.L: Well, nothing ventured, nothing gained.☆If nothing is ventured, nothing will be gained.☆Everybody shoule have a goal in life.My goal is to learn English better one day.☆Growing up is learning experience. ☆pearl 珍珠Pearl 女人名☆carve out雕刻出,开创出Eg:By going to school and studying hard, Sam carved out a good career of his future.☆attain/reach/fulfill one's goal☆Peter and Bruce are as busy as bees.Ever since sam lived on his own, he has felt as free as a bird.山姆自从独立生活以来觉得自由极了．To fly in the sky and feel as free as a bird.象鸟儿一样在天气自由翱翔。
赖世雄初级美语入门
赖世雄初级美语入门赖世雄初级美语入门篇》听课笔记，持续更新中～(原创)这是《赖世雄初级美语入门篇》听课笔记，需要的请下载～～～wql 2004-12-04 16:41我急需cmczbms2004-12-06 12:09Lesson 01greetingsADont forget to say greetings to uncle Wang.见到王伯伯的时候不要忘了向他问好。
I hope you have a good morning.Who are you 你是谁Where are you 你在哪儿,How are you 你好吗,回答用，Im fine.Im a boy. You area boy. He is a boy.This bed is bad. 这个床很坏。
注意 bed 和 bad 的发音区别。
I seeyou there. 我看见你在那里。
See you. Good bye. Bye. See you later.Bhi 和 hey的区别。
Hows it goingGreat. Wonderful. Cool.How are you doing Howre you doing How are you回答用 notbad。
take care保重。
take care of yourself.You tooHave a good time. 过你愉快。
Thanks. You too.谢谢，你也一样。
cmczbms 2004-12-06 12:12Lesson1Greetings打招呼DialogAA: Good morning May. How are youB: Hi Tom.I’m fine. And youA: Not bad. Thanks.B: Good. Se e you.A: Bye.BA: Hi May. How’s it goingB: Great. And how are you doingA: Not bad.B: Ok. See you later.A: Take care.B: You too.A甲:早啊，小梅。
赖世雄中级美语听课笔记Lesson 2
Lesson Two How To Improve Your English生词摘录funny farmmental asylumimprove课文第二课How to Improve Your EnglishDialogue 实用会话Mack is talking to his friend Don.M: Hi, Don! How are you doing (Howdy )in your English class?D: Not so well, I'm afraid.M: What's the problem?D: I'm not improving. Tell me, how come your English is so good?(goof around )M: Well, uh... I have an American girlfriend.D: Aha! That's it. Now I know what to do. (He runs off.)M: Hey, come back! I was just kidding!梅克正在和他的朋友唐聊天。
梅克：嗨，唐！你英文课上得怎么样？唐：恐怕不怎么理想。
梅克：出了什么问题？唐：我一直没进步。
告诉我，为什么你的英文那么棒？梅克：呃，这个吗…我交了个美国女朋友。
唐：啊哈！就是这样。
现在我知道该怎么做了！（他跑走了。
）梅克：嘿，回来啊！我只是在开玩笑！讲解Mack is talking to his friend Don. Mack and Don are both boys. (or men)Mack says, "Hi, Don. How are you doing is your English class?"Don answers, "Not so well, I am afraid."Mack asks, " What is the problem?"and Don tells him, "I am not improving. Tell me, how come your English is so good?" and Mack says, "Well, uh...I have an American girlfriend."Don says, "Aha, That is it. Now I know what to do."He runs off. And Mack says, "Hey, come back. I was just kidding."P: Now I probably would like to hear you speak English only, so introduce yourselfin English againB: Hi, everybody. This is Bruce.P: However, this is basically an English teaching program, so every now and then, of course you will step in and speak Chinese. But most of the time, you will explain the key points, if there is any, in English. So lesson two we will have a short dialogue. Now, by the way, what is meaning of this word "dialogue"?B: A dialogue is a conversation between two people.P: 也就是两个人之间的对话P: And that is spelled?B: conversation or dialogue?P: Dialogue.B: OK. Well, you can see it on page 9 here, "d-i-a-l-o-g-u-e", but it is also spelled "d-i-a-l-o-g". So there are two spellings for this word.哦，有两种拼法 dialogue 这是我们现在看到的拼法，但也有人说dialogP: "dialog", the pronunciation is exactly the same. 发音是完全相同的。
赖世雄英语语法1-30
第一课：主语（名词、代词）She is my mother.They are beautiful.1、动名词(作主语)：做过的、有经验、已经事实动词ingStuding english it is fine.2、未作的事情、目的、梦想、计划、理想用不定式（作主语）To 动词原形To buy sth is one of plans.To see him is my purpose.To study abroad is my dream.3、（不定式）主语太长，用it代替，不定式短语放在后面（动名词改成to不定式）It is my plan to study abroad with my friend jone.4、句子作主语要变成名词从句----前面用thatThat she studys hard is true.T hat he doesn't agree with me makes me angry.5、句子长时（作主语）用it代替It makes me angry that he doesn’t agree with me.名词从句有三种：戴慧怡：that引导；whether（yes、no回答的，问句变成的句子做主语）引导；疑问词开头（不能用yes、no回答的疑问句---特殊问句）That she studys hard is true.Is she beautiful ?Whether she is(不能倒装) beautiful remains to be seen.Where will he go?Where he will go(不能倒装) is still a question.To bo a teacher is my dream.Mingic daici budingshi juzi wenju zuoshuyi第三课1、及物动词两种语态：主动或被动我。
他I love her. 主动他被我。
赖世雄美语英标备课讲稿
赖世雄美语英标
精品文档
第一章字母的读法
1．就发音而言，字母是音标的基础。
字母念不好，音标发音一定不会准确。
因此，练就标准的字母是精通英语发音的第一步。
2．什么人应学习字母的发音呢？
a．初学英语的人
这种人由于没被错误的发音所“污染”，只要模仿正确的音源，配合本书所列的正确学习方法，短时间就可练好字正腔圆的英语发音。
b．学习英语有一段时间，但念下列字母时，发音类似所列的拼音或汉字发音者：
C应念成类似“si＂的发音
G应念成类似“zh”的发音。
N则是“也”的尾音再加＂en”的发音组合而成。
W原是两个U组合面成的字母，故应念成“ double U”（ da bu liu）。
当然，上列所列的字母只是大家容易念错的众多字母中可用汉语拼音或汉字念出来的少数几个典型的字母。
其他字母如F、H、J、 L、M、R、S、V、X、Z等，许多人都会念错。
3．从新生儿出发
初学发音的朋友，以及学习英语多年却始终学不好发音的朋友，现在就让我们调整心理，把自己想象成新生儿，从头把每一个字母的发音练好。
下列是英语26个字母，请跟着老师念：
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh li Ji Kk LI Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
以上26个字母中，大家尤其要注意C、F、G、H、J、L、M、N、R、V、W、X、Z的发音。
本书读者可利用随书附赠的CD光盘一遍又一遍地念。
这是练就精准发音的唯一之道。
收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。
《赖世雄教你轻松说英语》详细文档
一、Who's that for?这是给谁的?It's for you. 它是给你的.Who's the watch for? 这个手表是给谁的?Who's it for? 它是给谁的?It's for you. 它是给你的.Who's the pen for? 这个钢笔是给谁的?Who's it for? 它是给谁的? It's for you. 它是给你的.cake 蛋糕watch 手表pen 钢笔phone 电话二、unit 2How's it going?你好吗？Great!很好！How's it going?你近来好吗?Wonderful.极好，很棒.Fine, thank you.好的，我很好And you?你呢？Unit3How much does this cost? 这个多少钱？60 dallors.60元。
Thar's a little bit too much.这有点太贵了吧。
That's too much.这有点太贵了吧。
It's a bargain.这个东西很划算。
How much is that car?这辆小汽车多少钱？2 dollars.2元It's a bargain.这辆小汽车太划算了。
How much is it?这个东西多少钱？How much?这个东西多少钱?One dallar.1元Two dollars.2元60 dollars.60元Unit 4Do you have the time?几点了？It's 10:30(ten thirty).10：30了.Do you have the time?几点了？Do you have time?你有没有空？What time is it?现在几点钟了？Have you got the time?几点钟了？It's 10:30.(ten thirty)现在10：30分了？It's fifteen after three.3：15分了.It's 3:15.3：15分了.It's fifteen past three.3：15分了.It's 9:30(nine thirty).9：30了What's time is it?几点钟了？Have you got the time?几点钟了？It's 10:30.10：30了.Do you have time?你有没有空？Maybe.也许If you are nice.如果你好的话.Unit 5Excuse me, may I come in?抱歉我可以进来吗？Sure, come on in.当然可以进来吧。
赖世雄英语学习全集
编辑怡爽文/
赖世雄英语学习全集
赖世雄－我如何学英语赖世雄－如何记忆单词赖世雄－如何加强听力赖世雄-如何练习口语
赖世雄-如何精进阅读
赖世雄-如何融会语法
赖世雄-如何学写作
赖教授和外籍编辑老师...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...台湾英语大师赖世雄现...如何用英文自我介绍
赖世雄北京第二外国语...赖世雄北京第二外国语...赖世雄北京第二外国语...赖世雄上海宜川中学演讲ICS Culture Matters(...ICS Culture Matters(...
ICS Culture Matters(...
ICS Culture Matters(...
ICS Culture Matters(...
如何自修学英文-1
如何自修学英文-2
如何自修学英文-3
赖世雄东莞永正购书中...
赖世雄北京团结湖社区...
赖世雄北京团结湖社区...
赖世雄北京团结湖社区...
赖世雄北京团结湖社区...
赖世雄第六届北京市民...
赖世雄东莞教师研讨会
英语演讲技巧-1
英语演讲技巧-2
英语演讲技巧-3
英语演讲技巧-4
英语演讲技巧-5
学习英文的必要性-1
国际音标
赖世雄－我
如何学英语
赖世雄－如
何加强听力
学习英文的
必要性-2
学习英文的
必要性-3
如何写出好
的作文
赖世雄教授
的英语王国
视频
国际音标。
赖世雄旅游口语从头学
旅游口语从头学Chapter 1 行前事宜第一讲:计划旅行Planning a Trip计划旅行Tom: I am going to visit the Netherlands alone.Jane: Alone?Tom: Yes, I prefer DIY traveling to package tours.Jane: What are you planning to do during your stay there?Tom: Just tour around the city by bicycle.Jane: That sounds cool. How much is your budget?Tom: I'm not going to spend too much money on accommodation.Jane: Then maybe you could stay at a hostel like many backpackers do. Tom: What a good idea!汤姆:我打算独自去荷兰游玩。
简:独自一人？汤姆:是的，比起组团游我更喜欢自助旅行。
简:你打算在那里做什么？汤姆:骑车游览那座城市。
简:这听起来很酷。
你的预算是多少？汤姆:我不打算在住宿方面花太多钱。
简: 那么也许你可以像那些背包客一样，住在青年旅社。
汤姆:好主意！第二讲:咨询旅游信息Asking about Travel InformationSam: Hey, Nick I'm going to visit Thailand. You have been there before,right? Nick: Yes, do you want some suggestions?Sam: Yes.Nick: It's better to go to the seaside but try to avoid the peak season. Sam: I see. I don't want to be one of the dumplings boiling in the sea. Nick: That's what I said. Don't forget to have your room booked in advance. Sam: Of course.Nick: Be careful of the girls you meet at the pub.Sam: Why? Is it because they are gorgeous and dangerous?Nick: There is a chance that the girl you are kissing might be a guy.山姆:嘿，尼克。
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4.就是这样。
我知道该怎么做了That’s it. I know what to do.5.听英语教学节目能够帮助你提高英文。
Listening to English teaching programs can help you improve your English.6. 我听说你儿子的学业进步很多。
I hear that your son is making a lot of improvement in his studies.7. 我今天要辞职。
你在开玩笑吧？-- I’m going to quit my job.-- Are you kidding ?Lesson3I. Phrases1. 全世界 1. all over / across / around / throughout the world2. 对… 也是如此 2. This is true for / of …3. 古典音乐的发源地 3. the birthplace of classical music4. 免费 4. free of charge / for free5. 是…的所在地，出产地 5. be home to6. 难怪 6. no wonderSentences1. 听音乐是全世界许多人最喜爱的消遣。
这对生活在维也纳的人更是贴切。
Listening to music is the favorite pastime of many people all over the world. This is especially true for people living in Vienna.2. 空气中弥漫着音乐Music fills the air.The air is filled with music.3.欣赏公开的演奏会通常都是免费的Going to public concerts is often free of charge.3. 我的教练教我打网球一小时收我五十美元。
My coach charges me $50 an hour for teaching me how to play tennis.4. 中国是大熊猫的所在地。
China is home to the panda.Lesson 41. 我正在享受我一生最快乐的时光。
I’m having the time of my life.2. 去听音乐会固然很棒，但是我们还可以做些什么呢？Concert going is fantastic but what else can we do ?3. 沿着河岸骑车应该是蛮好玩的。
Biking along the banks of the river could be fun.4. 这主意听起来非常不错 It sounds like a great idea.5. 就像人们说的，迟疑者将丧失良机。
As they say,” he who hesitates Is lost.”6. 如果你需要帮助就打给我，不要迟疑。
Don’t hesitate to give me a call if you need help.7. 不到长城非好汉。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.8. 谚语有云，没有付出，没有收获。
As they say/ As the saying goes, “ no pains, no gains.”Lesson5I Phrases:1. 在未来，在不久的将来 in the future/ in the near future2. 不入虎穴焉得虎子 Nothing ventured , nothing gained.3. 你的人生目标是什么？像鸟儿般在天空自由飞翔。
What’s your goal in life ? To fly in the sky and feel as free as a bird.4. 你什么意思？ What do you mean ?5. 你一定在说笑。
You must be kidding.Lesson 71. 结束某人自己的生命end one’s own life2. 某人，某物是例外 sb./ sth. is an exception3. 为某人所熟知 be known to sb.4. 以某事物而闻名 be known for sth5. 以某身份而闻名 be known as6. 允许做某事，允许某人做某事某人被允许做某事allow doing allow sb. to do sth sb. be allowed to do sth7. 和某人争论某事 argue with sb. about / over sth8.对政府来说，是否应该继续让他做这件事真的是个问题。
Whether he should be allowed to continue doing this is a real problem.9. Is she beautiful? I want to know.I want to know whether she is beautiful.10 What is she doing ? I wonder.I wonder what she is doing.Lesson 81. 得了吧，加油，快点 come on2. 讨论某事 talk about sth. /discuss sth3.没有大脑。
铁石心肠 have no hearts / have no brains4. 患重病 suffer from a serious disease5. 痛苦的，无痛苦的，无痛苦地painful painless painlessly6. 帮助人死得有尊严不是件坏事，是不是?Helping people die with dignity is not that / so bad, is it ?7. 留得青山在不愁没柴烧。
Where there is life , there is hope.8.有志者事竟成 Where there is a will , there is a way.9. 无风不起浪 Where there is smoke , there is fire.10. 现实点 be realistic.11.看着我的爱狗死去是一种痛苦的经历It was a painful experience to watch my pet dog pass away.Lesson 91. 意味着做某事 mean doing2. 对…有影响 have an effect / influence on3. 这样的活，如此一来 in this way4.避免做某事 avoid doing5. 伤害别人的感情hurt others’ feelings6.破坏完美的感情 spoil a perfect relationship7. 毕竟 after all8. 评论 make remarks on/ remark on9. 为别人着想意味着在想到自己之前先想到别人。
Being thoughtful simply means thinking of others before yourself.10. 你的言行会对别人产生影响。
What you say or do will have an effect on others.11. 在你说或做任何事情之前先想一下是很重要的。
It is important that you (should) think before you say or do anything.12. 这样的话，你可以避免伤害别人的感情。
In this way, you can avoid hurting others’ feelings.13. 如果你没有好话要说就什么也不要说If you don’t have a nything nice to say, don’t say anything.14. 如果你认为你所做的事会伤人的话，那么就别做它。
If you think what you do will hurt others, don’t do it.15.毕竟，种什么因的什么果After all, what goes around comes around.16. 你真是体贴还记得我的生日。
17.始终要比满犯相同的错误。
It is thoughtful of you to remember my birthday.18. 他欠考虑的言论使他失去了工作His thoughtless remark cost him his job.。
19. 孩子不打不成器Spare the rod and spoil the child20. 熟能生巧。
Practice makes perfect.21.这俩人之间是什么关系？What’s the relationship between the two persons ?22.孩子所需要的是爱。
What children need is love.lesson 101. 一切都好吗？How is everything ?/ How is it going ?/ how are you (doing)?2. 养家糊口变得越来越难了。
Supporting a family is becoming more and more difficult.3. 你说得对极了。
我非常同意。
再糟糕/ 好不过了。
What you say ca n’t be more true.I could n’t agree more./ It could n’t be worse/ better.4.我几乎入不敷出。
I can hardly make ends meet.5. 无论如何你这么体贴。
Thanks for being so thoughtful anyway.6. 为使收支平衡，他得在晚上兼差。
To make ends meet, Tom has to do a part-time job in the evening.7. 我可以借你书吗？Can I borrow a book from you ?Can you lend a book to me ?Lesson 111.担心 be worried about2. 消除污染 get rid of pollution3. 关心 be concerned about4. 保护环境 protect the environment5.问题的答案 the answer to the question6.成功的秘诀 the key to success7. 产生能源而不制造污染 create power without creating pollution8. 停电 power failure9. 水，噪音，空气污染 water / noise / air pollution10. 污染几乎是世界各大城市的一大问题。