HND商务文化策略问题详解

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HND商务文化与策略

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an d Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges” to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance ofthe change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied.The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior.In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards toemployees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and theirparents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。

(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略

HND商务文化策略答案

HND商务文化策略答案商务文化策略是指企业在开展国际商务活动时，根据不同国家或地区的文化差异，制定相应的策略，以适应当地的商务环境，促进商务合作的顺利进行。

本文将围绕HND商务文化策略展开讨论，并提供相关的答案。

一、HND商务文化策略的重要性和意义商务文化策略对于企业的国际化经营至关重要。

不同国家或地区的商务文化差异可能涉及礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面。

如果企业没有针对性地制定商务文化策略，可能会导致沟通不畅、误解增多、商务谈判失败等问题，从而影响企业的国际业务发展。

因此，制定HND商务文化策略是企业成功开展国际商务活动的关键之一。

二、HND商务文化策略的制定步骤1. 了解目标国家或地区的商务文化特点：包括礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面的特点。

可以通过研究相关文献、咨询专业机构或当地人士等方式获取信息。

2. 分析目标国家或地区的商务文化对企业的影响：通过分析商务文化对企业的影响，确定企业在目标国家或地区的商务活动中需要重点关注的方面。

例如，某些国家重视面子文化，企业在与当地合作伙伴交往时需要注重尊重对方的面子。

3. 制定适应性的商务文化策略：根据目标国家或地区的商务文化特点，制定适应性的商务文化策略。

例如，如果目标国家注重礼仪，企业可以培训员工相关礼仪知识，以确保在商务交往中表现得体。

4. 实施商务文化策略并不断优化：将制定的商务文化策略付诸实施，并根据实际情况进行不断优化。

企业可以通过与当地合作伙伴的密切合作、反馈机制的建立等方式，了解策略的有效性，并及时进行调整。

三、HND商务文化策略的案例分析以某企业在进军中国市场为例，制定HND商务文化策略的具体步骤如下：1. 了解中国商务文化特点：中国商务文化注重人际关系，礼仪要求较高，商务谈判中注重长期合作关系的建立等。

2. 分析中国商务文化对企业的影响：中国商务文化对企业的影响主要体现在建立人际关系的重要性、礼仪的要求、商务谈判的方式等方面。

HND商务文化和策略

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are theelements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politicsand stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make itsstrategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form.They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relativelylow prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smokingarea to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes. If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it isan anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. Thesituation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them badpolicing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales.Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through dailytime. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is likenext:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes neededto achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development andgrows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area,provide television program and so on. All of these means J DWetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teamsand coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accepttheir validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knowsabout customers needs, then change its business, like breakfastserving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfyingbasic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing andresults, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leadershould fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of JD Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pubchains had been developing their business, and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. Ina word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So thecompany needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’ force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change.The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。

hnd商务文化与策略

hnd商务文化与策略Section 2: Organizational culture(a)Explain the organization culture in JD Wetherspoon in terms of “shared valued”and “taken for granted assumptions” in an organization. You should illustrate your explanation with ONE example of each element from the case study. For each example, you should say why it illustrates this aspect of organizational culture. Organizational culture consists of Artefacts, Espoused values and Basic underlying assumptions. Espoused values include strategies, goals, slogans, mission statements, etc, expressed by the members of the organization. Basic underlying assumptions include unconscious taken for granted beliefs, thoughts, perception, etc-the source of values and action. For examples, the company motto of JD Whetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’. Because of ex isting of the motto, all the staff and managers’ behavior will be regulated. So it belongs to shared values of JD Wetherspoon. Another is JD Wetherspoon has claimed that people are its best asset is also belongs to it. Policies such as lifelong training and lifestyle guarantee are reflected JD Wetherspoon place great important on their staff, it will form a shared value that people in this company are important. Another aspect of organization culture in JD Wetherspoon is when Euro is causing some adverse influence on pound, Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 ‘save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while they drink. Tim Marti n’s behavior without any consideration, as he doesn’t know Union leaders and others condemned hisactions. This is belongs to unconscious taken for granted of JD Wetherspoon.Routines: People in JD Wehtersponn from all kinds of different backgrounds will know about that everyone in this company will have a chance to be a manager only if you can keep patient and work hard all the time. Of course, all about this no one wi ll tell them directly. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. So, JD Wetherspoon places great importance on their staff. There is a normal way of undertaking task is staff can discuss company issues with visiting Board members like Tim Martin.Power and structures: Because JD Wetherspoon is a plc, the boards of the company have the power for decision making lies. Of course the members who hold the most shares can lead the final decision for the company, but the com pany’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’, so they need to discuss with their s taff and listen to their opinions. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestion.(b)Explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has, using a recognized model oforganizational culture. Give examples to justify why you have chosen this type of culture.I think JD Wetherspoon belongs to type of Work hard/Play hard culture. There are some characteristics with this type of culture which can figure out in JD Wetherspoon.1). Rapid feedback/reward. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs，which means that it hasexpanded on average at the rate of about one new pub eachweek. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It can be seem from the examples that JD Wetherspoon’s reward is so rapid.2). Place great importance on communicating with staff. The company’s operation is involvement and communication. Staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthy company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestions. All of these can make staff strive for high-quality customer service.3). Entertainment elements. With JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. JD Wetherspoon pubs have been re-branded as Lloyds No1 Bars, including’ Moon Under Water’ i n L ondon’s Charing Cross Road, which has been renamed’ The Montague Pyke’ after a well-known London entertainment mogul. These recreation activities are features of work hard/play hard culture.4). Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon, his some behaviors and character also has affected the organizational culture directly to some extent. For example, He has an unconventional image with shoulder length ginger hair and he dresses casually in clothes that are not always co-ordinate, and he carried all his business documents in two plastic supermarket carrier bags. He used to enjoy telling the story to his staff. In other word, he is an easy-going man and he might prefer to encourage communication between staff and managers. According to his behaviors, we also knew him a man with a lot of entertainment elements, and it would bring about some fresh and fashionable elements to his organization.5). Low risks. JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize onchanges in the public house market. When the traditional link had been broken by a ruling from the’ Monopolies and Mergers Commission’. The majority of other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment, but JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. So, it can be seen that JD Wetherspoon with low risks compared with other public house.(c)Using the type of culture you identified in part 2(b) above, what is the relationshipbetween organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon? Organizational behavior is interacting with organizational culture in JD Wetherspoon. It can be pointed that organizational behavior leads to organizational culture, while organizational culture affects organizational behavior as well. For example, from the outset JD Wetherspoon had a policy of expansion, so its scale developed very quickly and its share price rose at a staggering speed. It formed a kind of rapid feedback organiz ational culture. When ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, this kind of formed culture motivate them to capitalize on changes in the public house market, so they could continues to expand. Another instance is that staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings because of the company’s operation-involvement and communication. After then, it shaped a organizational culture which place great importance on communication with staff.However, it will affect organizational behavior, that is almostevery decision in the company is related to staffs, their opinions will affect the final decision to some extent. And the founder of JD Wetherspoon, Tim Martin, is a man with entertainment elements, so he put his idea into his pub. When it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. And it has also begun developing budget hotel accommodation. All of these initiatives help the organization to form an entertaining culture.(d)To what extent would the management approach in JD Wetherspoon be different ifthe company had adopted a different culture? Again, make use of the same model that you used in part 2(b) above.First, we assume that JD Wetherspoon might adopt another type of culture-T ough guy/macho culture. We can see that both two types of culture have rapid feedback and rewards are high. According to the following statistics, we will get our answer. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It is also can be seen that both two types of culture apply to fast-moving financial activities. However, the difference is huge between these two types of culture, compared with Work hard culture, Tough guy culture is kind of high risk culture, as there is a focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future. For example, when ’tied house’ system ha d been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewingoperations or their chains of public houses and hotels. Work hard culture company, like JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer, but if JD Wetherspoon adopts Tough guy culture, they will not do this, because this way will hurt their company presently, so they might take a risk to ignore this situation and expand as they did. Another difference is source of stress between two types of culture. In Work hard culture, stress comes from quantity of work rather than uncertainty. However, in Tough guy culture, stress comes from high risk and potential loss/gain of reward. Because they apply high-speed recreation activities, staff and managers have a lot of works to do in Work hard culture, but they did not endure high risk or uncertainty, which those who work for Tough guy culture company, as they focus on the present rather on the longer-term future.。

HND商务文化和策略83585

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in theday-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/rewardand low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer andnon-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J DWetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers atrelatively low prices and care about child and disable, it buildnon-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces takeeffect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through twoforces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. Andthe other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm willbe changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider thecompany need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restrainingforces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

HND商务文化与策略-outcome5

1: (1) Some market/industry knowledge is necessary to AG managers. By environmental research, we could clearly know the trends of market and the need of consumers. And by investigating the consumers, AG Company will realize the game worlds must react in a realistic manner and expectations of appearance, movement and behavior has raised the bar in terms of graphic believability and authenticity. When the managers have collected this information from consumers, AG Company would make the right decisions for the future development. They would focus on the new technique research and development and improving the staff skills. Therefore the market/industry knowledge is full of importance and it could affect the future and development of AG Company.(2)When AG Company carries out a strategy, they should ensure that AG Company has enough resource and capabilities, the reason of which is that enough resource is the requirement when do the researching and developing of new products and service. In AG company, production cost and technological cost have risen most sharply in relation to graphics as HD gaming requires large scale investment in staff and equipment., therefore , AG Company should add the investment capital in production and technological to meet the ever-growing demand of new production and services.(3) Managers responsible for ensuring that staff and their work together has sufficient information to be able to get the job done. Is determined by the nature of management responsibilities, information transmission channels other working groups within the information delivery center managers both the unit, but also the organization. People throughout the organization depends on the management structure and managers to acquire or transmit the necessary information to complete the work.(4) AG Company managers first provide evidence to prove the advantages and benefits of change, the enterprise and peers, compared with competitors, to stimulate the sense of competition staff, so that they have a "change is the only way out" of consciousness, to assess the business situation of enterprises, so that they understand the actual situation of business operations, open horizons of employees, so that they clearly feel more energetic in the family, vigorous enterprises is how scenes. To help them realize that they directly or indirectly in the change in available income, tounderstand that they may assume new roles, we need leadership and hard to pay.2: When business is change strategy, they would have some factors effect on business, such as social responsibilities, business goals, environment, stakeholders, organizational culture,(1): AG Company is mainly about a game company; therefore they should take the responsibility to children or teenagers. AG Company should take some methods to limit the hours for the game and AG Company must ensure the game content is positive and healthy.(2): Business goal is the second factor could affect AG change management. AG Company’s goal is that it will focus the innovation, quality and excellence in the future. To achieve this goal, they will improve the technique and train the staff skills and to be creative.Environment factor also will have an effect on business management, including the market trend, consumer demand, and level of income. The up-to-date technology software must become future software market trend. And there will be more and more target consumer with high income to buy specialized and custom products. So AG’s managers should focus on researching and developing to make innovation on the new product.3: According to the research, Lewin thought everything under a pair of opposite force and it keeps balance. Driving force is a force of push things change, restrained force is forces to keep the original state. The change is happen when the driving force exceeds restrained force and the balance is broken.In AG Company, there are driving force and restrained force.AG Company’s driving force comes from the pressure from competitors, such as Microsoft and Sony. If AG Company wants to make progress under the huge pressure, AG Company should retrain the personnel, changing markets, extend the lifecycle of product, changing the employee into the hard working nature, establish the global view of market development, social transformations, increased competition, newtechnology, management leadership change, new products and services, which will help AG Company make great achievement.The restraining forces are from individuals: fear of status, loss of status, inertia (habit), and fear of the unknown, loss of friends. From organizations: strength of culture, rigidity of structure, lack of resources and contractual agreements. If AG Company wants to gain next strategy, it should continue to use the cost focus strategy. And it will cost too much change the company’s strategy from cost focus into the differentiation, so it’s necessary to find reliable investor to help AG Company accomplish this huge change4: When AG Company has decided to make a change, it would meet some resistance. There are six approaches to overcome this resistance such as the education and communication, participation, support and guide, negotiation, manipulation and co-opting and coercion.AG Company could use the participation, education and communication, support and guide methods to overcome this resistance.Participation means that company should let it most staffs join the change because. In AG Company, staffs all have passion and are skilled in the development of software, so the staff could give more useful suggestion about research and develop unique production and service. And they know more information about the need of consumers; they could give the manager more information.Education and communication is also a key factor to overcome resistance. If staffs could clear decision and have no misunderstandings with upper level, the resistance will be subsided. Therefore AG Company would select and use the skilled staffs and arrange the training to new staff. And manager should often have a word with the veteran and old staff about the development of company, then it will helpful to deal with some serious problem, then help company minimize or solve the resistance to changes.。

HND商务文化和策略

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in theday-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/rewardand low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer andnon-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J DWetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers atrelatively low prices and care about child and disable, it buildnon-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces takeeffect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through twoforces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. Andthe other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm willbe changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider thecompany need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restrainingforces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

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IntroductionThe Company was founded in 1979 by Tim Martin who opened his first J D Wetherspoons pub and become well-known organization in UK which offers cheap beer, good conversation and solid architecture., 'Marler's Bar', at Colney Hatch Lane in London. Many of the other early J D Wetherspoons pubs were also in the same part of Haringey. Martin took the name of the chain J D Wetherspoons from an old schoolteacher. And J D Wetherspoons became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs.Discussion:Section 1: External environmentQuestion 1: Give examples of social, technological, economic, political and legal factors which have affected the way it has behaved.✓social factors：The value of market: Research estimates that the UK beer Market is the main Beverages market which was worth £ 52.62bn at retail selling prices (rsp) in 2007. In comparison, the U.K's soft drink market is estimated at having a market worth of only 13 billion. (51lunwen., 2008) Pub culture: Social life in the UK for a high percentage of the population revolves arounda public house; often a community will have a "local" pub that will form a natural hub forthe inhabitants of its immediate area. More often than not there will be organised events several times a month ranging from a pub quiz to a full blown excursion. Quite often the public house will have sports teams, usually playing traditional pub games such as pool and darts; these team will most times enter into some sort of league on a local level although some sports have nationwide pub leagues. (Buck, 2008)✓Political factors:Promotion policies set by government: These include specific regulation of “Tax Rate Reduction”, the promotion style of the pub as a vital part of Britain's leisure industry andthe actives involvement of the all British pub and beer industry to encourage and guarantee safe and responsible drinking for consumers. (blacksacademy, 2008)The government prohibits drinking for teenager: The government release policy that prohibits drinking for teenager so as a result that the consumers of pubs are obvious reduces. (Greshes, 2008)✓Economic factors:Marginal benefits: Brewing and pubs contribute £28 billion to the UK economy - more than the airline, clothes retailing and broadcasting industries. Tourists and visitors to Britain make 13.2 million visits to our pubs each year, with pubs consistently on the list of positive perceptions of the UK. The pub and brewing industry employs 540,000 people directly and 380,000 in associated trades 27 per cent of the adult population visit a pub every week.(Manifesto 2009)Economic depression: As with other segments of the marketplace, the beer industry was hurt by the economic depression of the 1970s. Ingredient and production costs for Beverages market rose to an all-time high, and U.K. per capita consumption of beer drinks dropped off for the first time in thirteen years in 1974, though only a minuscule 0.9 percent (to 31.6 gallons per capita). (Giichinese, 2006)✓Legal factors:Restriction on smoking: beer industry in UK have enacted bans on smoking in a great number of public pub places since the early 2000s, often in conjunction with a reduction in the proportion of the population who smoke. A 2000 Gallup poll found that 54% of UK residents supported bans on smoking. (Manifesto 2000)The ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission: Because the ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate, this is also a capitally changes in the pubs market.✓Technological factorsTV applicationIn 2004, word cup football games are popular in UK. Almost every one are concern the competition situation. So applying TV equipment is essential for pub industry. It will increase the sales.Improve brewing skills: the members of brewing industry know how to plan and establish a microbrewery, brewing successfully at microbrewery level, technological ingredients for the brewing industry and preparation for brewing examinations. (Bobber, 2009)Question 2: Using a SWOT analysis, explain the relationship between J D Wetherspoon and the environment it is facing during the early years of the 21st century.SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis includes strength, weakness, opportunity and threat.●Strength1.Long history of brand: Companies was found in 1979 and mainly focus on brewing industry.This makes company become specialist in this industry.2.Convenient location: The excellent location is strength of J D Wetherspoon plc. In thecase study, the sites of pubs are in town and city centers, with good public transportsystem and convenient facilities.Weakness1.Single product: The pubs only offer the common drink and food beverage, without constantlyin innovative ideas such as provide local flavour in other countries, fruit platter.Then many customers have little to this pub and to choice the other pubs.2.No Television show: pubs in J D Wetherspoon did not offer any television which can offersome program for customer as a style of entertainment. These will loss some loyalty customers, such as football fans.●OpportunityAs a strong retailer: The traditional link between the brewing companies known as the ‘tied house ’system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and MergersCommission. This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing. J DWetherspoon entered the market as a retailer. It was a new company with no connections to any brewery and was able to build from scratch.Enter into a new industry development: JD Wetherspoon began to developing budget hotel accommodation known as ‘Wetherlodges’ which have bar facilities attached to them. This is a new opportunity to develop JD Wetherspoon and accumulate competition advantage.●ThreatGovernment did not encourage binge drinking: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour, particular in city centres. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity.Other competitors: in 2002-2004, supermarkets were allowed to sell drinks, which will divide market share together with J D Wetherspoon. This will force company to fall down price and decrease the profit.Question 3: Prepare a set of guidelines that the management of J D Wetherspoon could use on how to conduct a SWOT analysis such as one you have just undertaken.➢Using strength to overcome threats:Because of Government did not encourage binge drinking, so customers consumption attitudes have changed from drinking. Due to this factor, J D Wetherspoon attracts customers by convenient and comfortable circumstances with good public transport system and convenient facilities, which meets the customers successfully. This would make J D Wetherspoon become more competitive.➢Using strength to gain opportunities:With the help of increased profit caused by high quality customer care, company decided to acquire the Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10pubs and develop budget hotel accommodation. These actions made company stranger enough to compete with the supermarkets.Section 2: Organizational cultureQuestion 1: Explain the organization culture in J D Wetherspoon in terms of “share values”and “taken for granted assumption” in an organization.Organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs of organization members and their behaviors. In J D Wetherspoon, there are two aspects of “share values” as follow:✓high staff participation system in JDW:There is a high staff participation system in JDW. JDW places great importance on listening to, and acting on. Feedback from members of staff on all aspects of the business. In the regular meeting, staffs are awarded for their suggestions, so staff has an easy communication with his supervisor.✓its clean and non-smoking environment:each of JDW pubs has a ventilation system (costing more than 100,000) which aims to ensure that customer do not leave smelling of smoke.I will use “high staff participation system in JDW. There is a high staff participation systemin JDW. These behaviors of its employees are shared values of JDW which make the communication fast and convenient. Employees will be dedicated more to the development of the company. All above will bring high profits and large market share and stability position in the whole industry.In J D Wetherspoon, there are two aspects of “Take-for-granted assumptions” as follow:●Ideal pub environmentIn case study, JD Wetherspoon offered cheap beer, good conversation and comfortable environment, which is a popular pub chain for local residents. And the company motto is “cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance”which is the basic assumption. JD Wetherspoon has own outstanding characteristics, such as sell a wide range of real ale beers at relevant low prices, all day available and sold at relatively cheap prices and provide ventilation system which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.●Moon under water is an assumption for J D Wetherspoon.JD Wetherspoons also renamed as Moon under water. They do not play music or show TV programmes. And at least a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking, and it has each as a ventilation system which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.I will analysis the “Ideal pub environment”: as an entertainment environment which offercheap beer and food, good conversation and comfortable environment, all these attractions give consumers a notion of deserving to go there. All above will bring high profits and large market share and stability position in the whole industry.(b) Explain the type of culture that J D Wetherspoon has, using a recognized model of organizational culture. Give examples to justify why you have chosen this type of culture. According to Charles Handy’s theory (1985), it outlines four culture types in organizational culture. They are power culture, role culture, task culture and person culture.In the case, JD Wetherspoon has character of power culture.Evidences✓Martin carried all his business documents in two plastic supermarket carrier bags. He isa noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 ‘save the pound’posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while they drink.✓JD Wetherspoon adopts ‘listening’ policy. Staff can discuss company issues with visiting Board members like Tim Martin. Feedback from members of staff on all aspects of the business.Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestion.(c) Using the type of culture you identified in part 2 (b) above, what is the relationship between organizational culture and organizational behavior in J D Wetherspoon?In the case study, power culture in J D Wetherspoon as guideline to guide the behavior by following steps:●Tim Martin said the ‘People are best asset’With power culture, the company makes the staff involvement and communication. They kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. Staffs can discuss the issues which are provide in Board meeting and are rewarded for their good suggestions.●Operation characteristic in JD WetherspoonThe company’s motto of JD Wetherspoon is “cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance”.Therefore, JD Wetherspoon provide comfortable and convenient environment for the customers such as they provide non-smoking area, ventilation system, good quality wine is available and cheap, particular attention is paid to toilet and serve food all day available.●J D Wetherspoon had a policy of expansionJ D Wetherspoon had a policy of expansion. In order to provide all the atmosphere and facilities of the pubs which Tim Martin’s required. So J D Wetherspoon pubs needed to be fairly large. During the 1980s and 1990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs.●Expansion on other filedJ D Wetherspoon also begun developing budget hotel accommodation known as ‘Wetherlodges’,a development which began when it acquired premises with rooms in the late 1990s. it nowhas more than ten of these hotels, all of which have bar facilities attached to them. Some of these are part of the Lloyads No 1 Bar concept.(d) To what extent would the management approach in J D Wetherspoon be different if the company had adopted a different culture? Again, make use of the same model that you used in part 2 (b) above.power culture is suited for JD Wetherspoon. If it is changed another one such as personal culture, there was a negative effect on JD Wetherspoon.Then a table will show the comparison of applying both these two cultures.Section 3: Business strategy(a) Briefly explains four possible strategies which organizations may adopt. In each case, indicate the business environment which would be appropriate for the strategy concerned. According to Michael Porter (1980) theory, four possible strategies may adopt. These are Overall Low-Cost Provider Strategies, Broad Differentiation strategy, Best-cost Provider Strategies and Focus strategy. While the following are just four of these possible strategies.●Overall Low-Cost Provider StrategiesThe low cost leader in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost. Factories are built and maintained and labour is recruited and trained to deliver the lowest possible costs of production. The low-cost leadership means low overall costs, not just low manufacturing or production costs.The suited external environment to use this strategy:E.g.: Wal-Mart adopts low cost strategy for its customers. It offer a large number ofconvenient and useful goods with low cost which bring large customer base and obtain high profits.●Broad Differentiation strategyDifferentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers through a sustainable competitive advantage. This allows companies to de-sensitise prices and focus on value that generates a comparatively higher price and a better margin.The suited external environment to use this strategy:E.g.: China mobile company differentiates its good and service for its consumers. China mobilecompanies by providing different packages to reflect different services. And there are also different services for all types of user such as VIP user or common user. Diversified services to win more customer loyalty, and win more profit, to hold certain position in the market and become the strong competitor.●Best-cost Provider StrategiesBest-cost Provider Strategies are combining a strategic emphasis on low-cost with a strategic emphasis on differentiation both make an upscale product at a lower cost and give customers more value for the money. Under this strategy, company makes a best cost product to underprice comparable brands and give customers more profits exceeding the competitors. .The suited external environment to use this strategy:E.g.: Zara, as a clothes brand of Spain, offering high quality of clothes with low price.The low price provider of Zara with good-to-excellent product attributed, and then use cost advantages to underprice comparable brands.●Focus StrategyThe focus strategy is also known as a “niche” strategy. Where an organization can afford neither a wide scope cost leadership nor a wide scope differentiation strategy, a niche strategy could be more suitable.The suited external environment to use this strategy:Big enough to be profitable and offers good growth potentialNot crucial to success of industry leadersCostly or difficult for multi-segment competitors to meet specialized needs of niche members.Focuser has resources and capabilities to effectively serve an attractive nicheFew other rivals are specializing in same nicheFocuser can defend against challengers via superior ability to serve niche members(b) Which strategy did J D Wetherspoon follow during the 1980s and 1990s? Justify your decision and identify four benefits that J D Wetherspoon gained from this strategy.During the 1980s and 1990s J D Wetherspoon adopted the “broad differentiation strategy”. Evidences●In term of food and drink. It offered a wide range of real ale beers at relatively low price.all serve food which is available all day and sold at relavant cheap prices, particular attention is paid to toilet, and has a ventilation system and at least a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.●In term of facilities. Each pub has a ventilation system which aims to ensure that customersdo not leave smelling of smoke and the pubs also pay attention to the toilets even including the provision of specially adapted toilets for customer with disabilities.●They don’t play music or show TV programmesFour benefits●successful expansion:JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at rate of about one new pub each week.●Abundant cash flowIn 2000, over 50% of the finance for the new developments came from cash generated by the business.●Share price riseAbout ten years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value.● A large competition advantage. It successfully attracted large numbers of customers to pubsand build up customer loyalty.(c) J D Wetherspoon has followed a different strategy since the start of the 21st century from the one that it adopted during the 1980s and 1990s. Compare the two different strategies in terms of influence that each has had on the behavior of the organization.(d) Assess the factors that J D Wetherspoon has had to consider before changing its business strategy.Factors:●Political factorThe government policy control:There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity.●Economic factor1. The supplier increase:During 2002-2004, supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices and the premium larger. This made it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encouraged drinking at home.2. Over-supplied in marketThe retail licensing market had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pubs had been developing their business. the overall result has been an increase in the number of pubs. The market now appears to be over-supplied.(e) Explain how the experience of J D Wetherspoon illustrates the connection between the terms‘business strategy’ and ‘strategic choice’.The business strategy is including:●Overall low cost strategy (Porter ,1980)●Broad differentiation strategy (Porter ,1980)●Best-cost provider strategy (Porter ,1980)●Focus strategy (Porter ,1980)●Niche strategy (Porter ,1980)In 21 century, J D Wetherspoon choose Focus strategy. These are some reasons as follow: ●Political factorThe government policy control:There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity.●Economic factor1. The supplier increase:During 2002-2004, supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices and the premium larger. This made it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encouraged drinking at home.2. Over-supplied in marketThe retail licensing market had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pubs had been developing their business. the overall result has been an increase in the number of pubs. The market now appears to be over-supplied.(f) Describe the key issues that JD Wetherspoon has had to take account of in order to manage its business strategy.In 21 century, J D Wetherspoon choose Focus strategy. These are some reasons as follow:High competitorAs supermarket began selling drinks, it has been become a strong competitor for JD Wetherspoon. So it should offer more diversified food and drink and more attractive entertainment pubs for consumers.Uncertain government policyDue to the government's policy on pub industry uncertainty, so JD Wetherspoon should keep alert, realize market dynamic changes and maintain their own stability in market.Limited creationNo innovation will be difficult to attract more customers. JD Wetherspoon should constantly in innovative ideas such as provid local flavour in other countries, fruit platter. Installation of air-conditioning equipment used in the hot summer is dispensable.Section 4: Change(a)With reference to ‘forces for change’, explain why the strategy of JD Wetherspoon changedover time.“Force for change” theory includes customer expectations, technology, competition, legislation, economy. Due to these factors, JD Wertherspoon change itself totally to adapt new environment in the beginning of 21 century.●CompetitionThe retail licensing market had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub had been developing their business. The overall result has been an increasing in the number of pubs. The market now present over-supplied.●Customer expectationsIn 2002, JD Wetherspoon pubs did not show World Cup football and sales suffered as a result.A similar situatioin arose with the Euro 2004 football tournament, although by this timea minority of JD Wetherspoon outlets did have TV screens. In order to satisfy customersexpectation, JD needs to change it.●EconomyThe supplier increase usually affects the customer quantity. During 2002-2004, supermarkets began selling drinks at loss-leader prices and the premium larger. This made it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encouraged drinking at home, which brought change for the sale price and the market of the JD Wetherspoon.●LegislationDue to ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate, so JD Wetherspoon acquired a better opportunity asa retailer entering into the pub market.(b) Choose ONE of the following: stakeholder power; business goals; organization culture; business ethics; social responsibility. Explain how the factor you have chosen could lead to change in J D Wetherspoon.1. Social influences:There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behaviour, practically in city centres. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity.2. J D Wetherspoon response:Because of negative influence and bad image of company, J D Wetherspoon takes several actions in order to rebuild its company image.✓Enter into hotel industry, known as budget hotel accommodation.✓In 2004, it removed amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers.✓Pubs started to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning.(c) Explain the role that the management of J D Wetherspoon could play in dealing with the changes that have occurred during the period since the year 2000.In a changing environment Tim Martin plays some roles:✓Educator: on the part of educator, Martin should help staff realize the importance of change and how to deal with the change.✓Communicators: Martin could use some useful communicating skills when they communicate with staff, so that company could reduce the resistance effectively.✓Participant: Martin should join the staff when working. Eliminate the negative influences caused by lack of information communication and exchange.✓Supporter: Martin should provide several support activities, such as training and encourage staff in some money incentive. This activity could make staff feel cohesive and help company reduce the resistance.(d) What advice could you give to the management of J D Wetherspoon to help them analyze a change situation and to overcome any resistance to change?Advices:As for J D Wetherspoon, there are several suggestions which would help them to overcome resistance to change:✓Martin should summarize key factors using Lewin’s Change Model✓Use appropriate analysis skills such as SPELT and SWOT to identify environment around J D Wetherspoon.✓Martin should pay more attention on the competitors’actions, at the same time J D Wetherspoon should offer more diversified food and drink and more attractive entertainment pubs for consumers.✓Martin should constantly in innovative ideas in J D Wetherspoon.✓Martin should pay more attention on staff training and give more care to his employee, to conquer the staff’s resistance.This report using SPELT and SWOT to analyse the changes in the external environment which J D Wetherspoon has faced since it was found in 1979. and also introduce and evaluates specifically the business strategies which J D Wetherspoon adopted during the period from 20 century to 21 century. Give some suggestion to Martin about how to cope with the change situation and manage his company better.《Business culture and strategy: introduction》 unit student guide DE3X 35 《Business culture and strategy: advanced 》 unit student guide DE3X 35Porter’s generic strategy—By John Pritchard, 2007.Last updated date: December 21st 2008Available: .quickmba./strategy/generic.shtml.Accessed Date: 18th December 2009.Choosing Your Route to Competitive Advantage—By Buck Bobber, 2006.Last updated date: 19th March 2007.Available: .mindtools./pages/article/newSTR_82.htmAccessed Date: 20th December 2009Social responsibility--by Warren Greshes, 2008Last updated date: 19th July 2008.Available: /wiki/Social_responsibilityAccessed Date: 20th December 2009。