HND Business strategy答案
HND商务会计高级报告答案
Index pageIndex page………………………………………。
…。
Introduction…………………………………………. Background………………………………………。
.…FindingsSection 1…………………………………………Section 2…………………………………………Section 3…………………………………………Conclusion………………………………………….. Reference…………………………………………….IntroductionBackgroundSSP plc is a company operating in the food manufacturing industry。
It is engaged in food processing，supplying all the main supermarket chains with first class process meat products. During the last few years the company has been difficult because of the BSE and Foot and Mouth disease made a declining demand for meat product. The bad outstanding achievement stopped in 2004 and a partial rebound in the market produced an increase in turnover by nearly 15％. It is expected that this rebound in the market will gather momentum over the coming year and the SSP plc is planning to take even greater strides forward by opening a new processing plant in Glasgow.As requested in the chief executive's memo of 30 December，here is my report summarising and analysising the financial position of the SSP plc for the year 2003 and 2004。
hnd商法导论outcome2案例+答案
H N D商法导论O u t c o m e2案例+答案(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Case study 1Samir sees a set of golf clubs displayed in a shop window for ￡500. He enters the shop and states he will take the clubs. The shopkeeper however says the clubs are no longer for sale. Samir is demanding that he be sold the clubs and at the price displayed.Identify the essential requirements of a contract and discuss whether a contract exists here.A contract is an agreement between parties having the capacity to make it, in the form demanded by the law, to perform, on one side or both, acts which are not trifling, indeterminate, impossible or illegal, creating an obligation enforceable in a court of law. A valid contract has three essential features: there must be a agreement on all material aspects; at least two contracting parties and legal obligations.A contract consists of an offer and an acceptance. If there is no offer in the first place then there can be no contract. The basic elements of a contract include an offer and an acceptance.In the case Samir sees a set of golf clubs displayed in a shop window for ￡500. He enters the shop and states he will take the clubs. But shopkeeper says the clubs are no longer for sale. Samir is demanding that he be sold the clubs and at the price displayed.According to this case we can say that these is not exist a contract. In the case that a set of golf clubs are exhibited in a shop window, thus it is not an offer. Because the goods displayed in a shop window as a invitation to treat, we can know that goods displayed in a shop window (even when priced) are classed as a willingness to negotiate on the shops part. Invitations to treat also is considered to inquiry the price of goods, means a party to invite the other person to make offers. Different an offer, a willingness to negotiate only as prepared to make a contract of behavior on the issue who is not legally binding. The customer will make the offer to buy the goods which the shop are perfectly within their rights to refuse. The invitations to treat are not legally classed as offers and therefore cannot be accepted.Before the party who gave off the invitations to treat could not accept the other people’s offers they can revocation, and then the contract is not build. When Samir asked to buy the golf clubs the shopkeeper refused hin, and there was no acceptance. So when the shopkeeper refused Samir which is a set of golf clubs are not the good for sale, it just be used as ornament, and attracted the consumers interested. So an offer in this case is not found, either nor contract consists of an offer and an acceptance, we can know that there is on offer and there is on contract.Case study 2Tom is the top salesman for ABC Motors. He has been offered a job by a rival company but is concerned because there is a clause in his contract which prevents him from working for any other car company for five years.Tom is the top salesman because he regularly tells potential customers what they like to hear rather than the facts. He has done this in relation to ages of vehicles, odometer readings and vehicle service histories.Tom recently completed a deal to buy a vintage sports car for ABC Motors from now discover that Barry (not his real name) had stolen the vehicle.Question 1What is a restrictive covenant Advise Tom as to the legality of the clause in his contract.You can refer to Bluebell Apparel Ltd v Dickinson (1980) on page 146Question 2How would you classify Tom’s statements to the customers and what are the possible consequences for Tom and ABC motors in relation to these statements You can refer to Smith v Sim(1954) on page 161Question 3What is the legal position with regard to the vehicle which Tom has purchased from BarryYou can refer to Morrison v Robertson(1908) on page 1531 Restrictive covenant is a agreement which restrict the party liberty to work and trade. Such contracts are VOID unless the restriction can be shown to be reasonable to both parties involved and to the general public. There are three types of restrictive covenants: contracts between employer and employee, contracts between sellers and purchaser of a business and ‘solus’ agreements. For all three types, the party attempting to enforce the agreement must prove that it is reasonable to both parties concerned and to the general public. If they are unable to do this then the contract will be considered void and unenforceable. (from the text bookP142-142) This contract are legality, and the restriction was fair in this contract. Because the relationship of Tom and ABC motor is employer and employee, when enter employment and employee may agree to some restriction being placed on his future employment or trade. Later the employee may feel the restriction is unfair and therefore he may break it. In such circumstances it would be up to the employer take him to court and seek an ‘interdict’ forbidding the employee to break the agreement. They will consider the factor the nature of the job the employee was doing(from the text book P142). If Tom worked for any other company within the validity period of the contract that he would be in a position to harm his ex employers.2 The 4 main causes of error are: innocent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation and concealment of facts. And Tom’s statements to customersclassify fraudulent misrepresentation,A false and material statement which induces a party to enter into a contract this is misrepresentation. Because he regularly tells potential customers what they like to hear rather than the facts and him without caring whether it is true or false. Fraudulent misrepresentation can lead a contract being madevoid if it involved these points,first is fraudulent misrepresentation causes error in the substantials. Second is the other party relied on the misrepresentation and it was a major influence on them entering the contract, third is the other party can offer restitutio in integrum. So the contracts between Tom and customers is void, he relied on the misrepresentation and it was a major influence on them entering the contract, thus customers can acquire compensation. Or cancel the contract or both of them.3 Tom brought a car from Barry,but Tom discovered that Barry had stolen the vehicle. And in this contract has a error which made the contract void, the Barry stolen the car but Tom did not know before him brought, so he can not get the car’s ownership. An error concerning the identity of the parties. Barry stolen the car so he haven’t ownership of this car and sold car, therefore, he can not give ownership to Tom, and Tom does not get the car’ ownership actually. And in this case Tom can only lodge a claim to Barry.Case study 3Martina recently attended an auction for the first time. She was very keen(渴望的) on a particular painting and when the bidding commenced（开始） she got so carried away that she bid much more than she intended. Martina won the auction but with fees（费用） and commissions（佣金） added on to the price, she cannot pay the full amount for the painting.Question 1What do you understand by the term ‘breach of contract’ Give two examples. Question 2List the main remedies available for breach of contract.Question 3What is the most appropriate remedy for the auctioneer（拍卖商） in this case 1、Where one party fails to fulfil his or her legal obligation under a contract.(from the text book P183)example1Tony and Jane have a contract where Tony will pay June $100 for her car and delivery. Tony pays the $100 but Jane fails to delivery.(from the text book P197) In this case study there has been a Breach of Contract by Jane as she has failed to delivery the car.Example2Shirley and Oliva have a contract where Shirley brought a cake from Oliva for her friend and asked Oliva sent the cake to her friend on 12th December 2012 , but on that day her friend did not receive the cake.In this case study there has been a breach od contract by Oliva as she failed to sent the cake.2、If there is a breach of contract then the innocent party will have the right to seek a remedy for the breach.(from the text book P184)Damages as a remedy for breach of contract. The object of awarding damages to someone is to place them in the position they would have been in had the contract been completed.So damages are really awarded as compensation- if the party has actually lost money as a result of the breach then he will be awarded ‘substantial’or ‘compensatory’ damages.In some cases no actually loss may have been incurred as a result of the breach. If is still possible that damages may be awarded for trouble and inconvenience-these are know as ‘nominal’ damages.(from the text book P185)Specific implement as a remedy for breach of contractSpecific implement is to stop someone for acting in breach of contract. So specific implement may be positive---forcing someone who has been in breach to fulfil their obligations or negative ---forcing someone who has been in breach to stop doing something. (from the text book P191-192)Rescission as remedy for breach of contract.Rescission means cancellation . With this remedy, the innocent party has the right to rescind(cancel) the contract if the other party has been guilty of a material breach of contract.The main factor to be considered is what is meant by a material of contract. Ifthe breach is not material but only partial then the right of rescission does not exist.Many contracts contains a number of conditions, some of which are more important than others.If the contract specifically states that some are material then breach of these will mean that rescission can be taken as a remedy.(from the text book P193-194)The Defensive Remedies for breach od contractThere are two defensive remedies that can be taken by the party who is not in breach.①Lien:If a person has possession(占有) of an article(物品) on which he has been employed to do work then he can refuse to return the article to its owner until payment is made for the work done.Example of situations where lien could be used as a remedy for breach of contract include:②Retention:This is the right to refuse to pay a debt which is due(到期的).Retention can only be used under the following two circumstances:ⅰwhere compensation can be pleaded.(债权确定、到期)ⅱwhere both claims arise under the sameWhat is the most appropriate remedy for the auctioneer（拍卖商） in this case 3、in this case the defensive remedies in the most appropriate method for the auctioneer. The defensive remedies include lien and retention, the auctioneer should take lien measure. If a person has possession of an article on which he has been employed to do work then he can refuse to return the article to its owner until payment is made for the work done.As a result of Martina won the auction but with fees and commissions added on to the price, she cannot pay the full amount for the painting, the auctioneer can keep the painting until Martina paid off the rest of money.。
HND商务会计高级outcome_3_4_5报告答案.docx
.word 可编辑 .Index pageIndex page⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. Introduction⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.Background ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. FindingsSection 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Section 2⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Section 3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Conclusion⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Reference⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..word 可编辑 .IntroductionBackgroundSSP plc is a company operating in the food manufacturing industry. It is engaged in food processing, supplying all the main supermarket chains with first class process meat products. During the last few years the company has been difficult because of the BSE andFoot and Mouth disease made a declining demand for meat product. The bad outstanding achievement stopped in 2004 and a partial rebound in the market produced an increase in turnover by nearly 15%. It is expected that this rebound in the market will gather momentum over the coming year and the SSP plc is planning to take even greater strides forward by opening a new processing plant in Glasgow.As requested in the chief executive s memo’ of 30 December, here is my reportsummarising and analysising the financial position of the SSP plc for the year 2003 and2004.OutlineThe main body of the report will evaluate five parts:Part 1--- Analyze the users of financial information and the purpose of using.Part 2--- State of financial source and categorize with their characteristics.Part 3---Explain the cash flow statement of SSP plc.Analyze the recent financial performance and position of the SSP plc.(Including my recommendations about how to improvement of business performance).word 可编辑 .FindingsSection ers of financial accounts.Users of financial statements are a group of people or organizations who use the information to make evaluations and decisions. Users of financial information can bedivided into two categories: internal and external users.Now, I will use a table to show you the users’ purpose and sources of information to get the statements.Section 2.Source of financesTo run a business, organizations require finance for different proposes and for varyinglengths of time. In the finance, we divide sources of capital into two categories: equitycapital and loan capital. Equity capital is the finance provided by the owner and there is nointerest to pay. Loan capital refers to money that is borrowed from a source outside thebusiness. The interest of loan capital must be paid. Sources of finances could be clarifiedinto short, medium and long term. The short-term refers to finance that are borrowed fora period of no more than one year. The medium-term refers to funds that are borrowed fora period of between two and ten years. Long-term refers to funds that are borrowed for aperiod of more than ten years.In the case study, the source of finances of SSP plc is: trade creditors, tax, bank overdraft, debentures, ordinary share capital and the retained profits from last account period..word 可编辑 .Short-term sources:1.Trade creditors:Trade creditors are produced when the purchase of raw materials or stock is delaying topay, thus, there is more cash which would be used for other uses. There is also aninterest free way of raising finance. However, the credit could lead to poor relationswith suppliers and the customers may forfeit discounts.The credit is￡544,000 in 2003 and it decreased to he percentage￡405,000ofin 2004. T decrease is 25.56%. The decrease of credit infers that SSP plc has a good financialsituation that it has a strong ability to pay credits back to suppliers. This could improvethe relationship with suppliers.2.Bank overdraft:Bank account holders can prearrange with the bank to draw cheques to a greater valuethan the actual balance in the account. Interest should be paid by customers and bankcharges will apply where an overdraft limit has been exceeded. Bank overdraft is flexibleand cheap. It has a low cost. Some small bank overdraft even has a free of charge.SSP plc had no overdraft but the number increased to￡86,000 in 2004. The shows that the company borrowed money from bank for its expansion in Glasgow.Long-term sources:1.Debentures:Debentures are loans make to companies that carry a fixed rate of interest.Thecompany ’fixeds assets normally secure debentures. Debentures have a fixed timeperiod or an open time period. The shareholders are not debenture holders.Adebenture interest is paid as an expense not an appropriation of profit.SSP plc has a fixed debenture (￡1,560,000) in the year of 2003 and 2004. It tells us the company ’ s fixed assets are steady.2.Ordinary shares:Ordinary shareholders receiving pay-outs from company after preference shareholdersare paid. Ordinary share dividends are not fixed and subject to companyperformances and decisions of management in paying dividend.In SSP Company, the ordinary share capital is￡1,950,000and in2004both.It2003infers that the company has a steady operation situation.3. Retained ProfitsThe retained profit is the finance brought from the last financial period. It is not fixedand may be a negative number. It presents operational situation of last period.The retained profits decreased from 505,000￡ to420,000￡. The percentage change ofdecrease is 16.83%. The lower ratio shows us the company had made fewer profits in2003 then it was in 2002.Section 3. Ratio Analysis1.Major inflows is Net cash flow op erating activates of￡ 1,345,000.Major outflow is Payments to acquire fixed assets, which takes￡ 984, 2.Ratio AnalysisProfitability Ratios:Gross Profit Percentage=Gross profit/Turnover x 100%2003: GPP=￡ 7,000,000/￡ 11,674,000 x59100.96%=2004: GPP=￡ 8,037,000/￡ 13,382,000 x60100.06%=Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: The increase of ratio is a good sign. The positive trend can be an indicationthat stock control of meat product has improved, demand for the meat product has increased after the diseases, or purchasing policies have improved. The managers should keep the good trend and go on develop it, such as improving marketing strategy, setting better pricing policy, or improving stock control.Net Profit Percentage=Net Profit before Taxation/ Turnover x 100%2003: NPP=￡ 1,182,000/￡ 11,674,000 x10100.13%=2004: NPP=￡ 901,000/￡ 13,382,000 x 6100.73%=Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: The decrease of the ratio is a bad sign that it indicates a low profit of the company. From the P&L Account of the SSP plc, we know that although the grossprofit increased, the operation cost is much higher in 2004; it leads to a decrease innet profit. So the managers should think about how to decrease our operation cost tohelp our company earn more profit.Liquidity Ratios:Current Ratio=Total Current Assets/Total Current Liabilities.word 可编辑 .2003: CR=￡ 1,195,000/￡ 767,000=1.562004: CR=￡ 1,248,000/￡ 701,000=.78Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: the increase of ratio is a good sign. Generally speaking a healthy current ratiois at least 2:1. The 1.56 and 1.78 indicate the company is a little bit over trading andhave difficulty in meeting its short-term debts. The main reason for the increase is the increase in the total current assets and decrease in the total current liabilities.I suggest that the company may keepmore profit for the short-term debts.The Acid Test Ratio=Liquid Assets/Current Liabilities2003: (￡ 1,195,000-￡608,000)/￡ 767,000=.772004: (￡ 1,248,000-￡796,000)/￡ 701,000=.64Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: The decrease is a bad sign. The ratio should be 1:1. But the ratio in both of2003 and 2004 is less that 1. And unfortunately, the ratio is still decreasing. SSP plcmeets a liquidity problem that the liquid assets decrease. The company managersshould pay attention to this ratio and organizatio n ’ s development.Efficiency Ratios:Fixed Asset Turnover=Turnover/Fixed Assets2003:￡ 11,674,000/￡ 4,017,000=2.91 times2004:￡ 13,382,000/￡ 4,318,000=.10times.word 可编辑 .Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: Where this ratio gas increase, this is a good sign. It indicates that the existingfixed assets are generating more sales and maybe investment in new fixed assets gascould be been paid off. Managers of SSP plc should develop and focus on it.Debtors Collection Period=Debtors/Turnover x 3652003:￡ 306,000/￡11,674,000 9x.57365=days2004:￡ 452,000/￡13,382,000 12x365=.33daysTrend: IncreaseAnalysis: It is a bad sign that there is an increase in DCP. It indicates that SSP’ s m have a poor credit control of poor invoicing system. The bad debts may also increase.The leaders of SSP should check their invoicing and reminder system to keep the ratioa proper range.Investment Ratios:Interest Cover=Profit Before Interest & Tax/Interest Charges2003:￡ 1,416,000/￡ 234,000=6.052004:￡ 1,135,000/￡ 234,000=.85Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: This ratio shows how capable the company is of covering its interest charges.The decrease is not good because the company is less able to meet its interest payments. But the ratio is still in a reasonable range. Leaders should try to increasecompany ’ s profit to keep this ratio a high level..word 可编辑 .Debt Ratio=Total Debts/Total Assets x 100%2003: (￡ 767,000+￡ 1,560,0(￡4,017,000+0)/ ￡1,195,000) x 100%=44.65%2004: (￡ 701,000+￡ 1,560,000)/(￡4,318,000+ ￡1,248,000) x 100%=40.62%Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: It is a good sign that the ratio increased. However, a healthy ratio shouldkeep around 50%. It indicates that SSP has fewer liabilities or keeps more assets. Thesign should be kept by managers.3.RecommendationAfter reading and analyzing three accounts from SSP Company, I found some problemswith it and now I will present my suggestions about the future management in thesetwo parts.Operational recommendationA ratio of Net Profit Percentage shows us that SSP plc has a high expenditure inoperation cost. It also indicates that the company has a low level of cost control.Therefore, I suggest that SSP should try to decrease the costs of sales and theoperation cost, such as adopting new management system and using contractors tofind distribution channels but to find them itself.Financial recommendationFor the source of finance, SSP has a bad performance of financial operating. In the CashFlow Statement, the Financing is￡0, but the company is planning expansion in Glasgo The main inflow of the company is the sales. It is a dangerous phenomenon if the.word 可编辑 .company wants to use the turnover to expanse its business because it is impossible touse the current cash to support long-term investment. So I suggest that the companymay increase the number of share capital or make more debentures to get more long-term capital for expansion.ConclusionBy analyzing the P&L Account, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement, we can infer thatSSP plc has a good operational performance. However, there are still many parts to improve and develop to help the company maximize profits.ReferenceRay H. Garrison, Managerial Accounting, Business Publications Inc., 1985, Printed inU.S.A.J.R.DYSON, Accounting for Non-accounting Students, Financial Times, 2004, Printed in Great Britain.Frank Wood & Alan Sangster, Business Accounting 2, Financial Times,Pitman Publishing, 1999, Printed in China.。
HND商务会计高级outcome345报告包括答案.doc
.word 可编辑 .Index pageIndex page⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. Introduction⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.Background ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. FindingsSection 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Section 2⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Section 3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Conclusion⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Reference⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..word 可编辑 .IntroductionBackgroundSSP plc is a company operating in the food manufacturing industry. It is engaged in food processing, supplying all the main supermarket chains with first class process meat products. During the last few years the company has been difficult because of the BSE andFoot and Mouth disease made a declining demand for meat product. The bad outstanding achievement stopped in 2004 and a partial rebound in the market produced an increase in turnover by nearly 15%. It is expected that this rebound in the market will gather momentum over the coming year and the SSP plc is planning to take even greater strides forward by opening a new processing plant in Glasgow.As requested in the chief executive s memo’ of 30 December, here is my reportsummarising and analysising the financial position of the SSP plc for the year 2003 and2004.OutlineThe main body of the report will evaluate five parts:Part 1--- Analyze the users of financial information and the purpose of using.Part 2--- State of financial source and categorize with their characteristics.Part 3---Explain the cash flow statement of SSP plc.Analyze the recent financial performance and position of the SSP plc.(Including my recommendations about how to improvement of business performance).word 可编辑 .FindingsSection ers of financial accounts.Users of financial statements are a group of people or organizations who use the information to make evaluations and decisions. Users of financial information can bedivided into two categories: internal and external users.Now, I will use a table to show you the users’ purpose and sources of information to get the statements.Section 2.Source of financesTo run a business, organizations require finance for different proposes and for varyinglengths of time. In the finance, we divide sources of capital into two categories: equitycapital and loan capital. Equity capital is the finance provided by the owner and there is nointerest to pay. Loan capital refers to money that is borrowed from a source outside thebusiness. The interest of loan capital must be paid. Sources of finances could be clarifiedinto short, medium and long term. The short-term refers to finance that are borrowed fora period of no more than one year. The medium-term refers to funds that are borrowed fora period of between two and ten years. Long-term refers to funds that are borrowed for aperiod of more than ten years.In the case study, the source of finances of SSP plc is: trade creditors, tax, bank overdraft, debentures, ordinary share capital and the retained profits from last account period..word 可编辑 .Short-term sources:1.Trade creditors:Trade creditors are produced when the purchase of raw materials or stock is delaying topay, thus, there is more cash which would be used for other uses. There is also aninterest free way of raising finance. However, the credit could lead to poor relationswith suppliers and the customers may forfeit discounts.The credit is￡544,000 in 2003 and it decreased to he percentage￡405,000ofin 2004. T decrease is 25.56%. The decrease of credit infers that SSP plc has a good financialsituation that it has a strong ability to pay credits back to suppliers. This could improvethe relationship with suppliers.2.Bank overdraft:Bank account holders can prearrange with the bank to draw cheques to a greater valuethan the actual balance in the account. Interest should be paid by customers and bankcharges will apply where an overdraft limit has been exceeded. Bank overdraft is flexibleand cheap. It has a low cost. Some small bank overdraft even has a free of charge.SSP plc had no overdraft but the number increased to￡86,000 in 2004. The shows that the company borrowed money from bank for its expansion in Glasgow.Long-term sources:1.Debentures:Debentures are loans make to companies that carry a fixed rate of interest.Thecompany ’fixeds assets normally secure debentures. Debentures have a fixed timeperiod or an open time period. The shareholders are not debenture holders. Adebenture interest is paid as an expense not an appropriation of profit.SSP plc has a fixed debenture (￡1,560,000) in the year of 2003 and 2004. It tells us the company ’ s fixed assets are steady.2.Ordinary shares:Ordinary shareholders receiving pay-outs from company after preference shareholdersare paid. Ordinary share dividends are not fixed and subject to companyperformances and decisions of management in paying dividend.In SSP Company, the ordinary share capital is￡1,950,000and in2004both.It2003infers that the company has a steady operation situation.3. Retained ProfitsThe retained profit is the finance brought from the last financial period. It is not fixedand may be a negative number. It presents operational situation of last period.The retained profits decreased from 505,000￡ to420,000￡. The percentage change ofdecrease is 16.83%. The lower ratio shows us the company had made fewer profits in2003 then it was in 2002.Section 3. Ratio Analysis1. Major inflows is Net cash flow op erating activates of ￡ 1,345,000.Major outflow is Payments to acquire fixed assets, which takes ￡ 984, 2. Ratio AnalysisProfitability Ratios:Gross Profit Percentage=Gross profit/Turnover x 100%2003: GPP= ￡ 7,000,000/ ￡ 11,674,000 x59100%=.962004: GPP= ￡ 8,037,000/ ￡ 13,382,000 x60100%=.06Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: The increase of ratio is a good sign. The positive trend can be an indicationthat stock control of meat product has improved, demand for the meat product has increased after the diseases, or purchasing policies have improved. The managers should keep the good trend and go on develop it, such as improving marketing strategy, setting better pricing policy, or improving stock control.Net Profit Percentage=Net Profit before Taxation/ Turnover x 100%2003: NPP= ￡ 1,182,000/ ￡ 11,674,000 x10100%=.13%2004: NPP= ￡ 901,000/ ￡ 13,382,000 x 6100%=.73%Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: The decrease of the ratio is a bad sign that it indicates a low profit of the company. From the P&L Account of the SSP plc, we know that although the grossprofit increased, the operation cost is much higher in 2004; it leads to a decrease innet profit. So the managers should think about how to decrease our operation cost tohelp our company earn more profit.Liquidity Ratios:Current Ratio=Total Current Assets/Total Current Liabilities.word 可编辑 .2003: CR= ￡ 1,195,000/ ￡ 767,000=1.562004: CR= ￡ 1,248,000/ ￡ 701,000=.78Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: the increase of ratio is a good sign. Generally speaking a healthy current ratiois at least 2:1. The 1.56 and 1.78 indicate the company is a little bit over trading andhave difficulty in meeting its short-term debts. The main reason for the increase is the increase in the total current assets and decrease in the total current liabilities.I suggest that the company may keepmore profit for the short-term debts.The Acid Test Ratio=Liquid Assets/Current Liabilities2003: ( ￡ 1,195,000-￡608,000)/ ￡ 767,000=.772004: ( ￡ 1,248,000-￡796,000)/ ￡ 701,000=.64Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: The decrease is a bad sign. The ratio should be 1:1. But the ratio in both of2003 and 2004 is less that 1. And unfortunately, the ratio is still decreasing. SSP plcmeets a liquidity problem that the liquid assets decrease. The company managersshould pay attention to this ratio and organizatio n ’ s development.Efficiency Ratios:Fixed Asset Turnover=Turnover/Fixed Assets2003: ￡ 11,674,000/ ￡ 4,017,000=2.91 times2004: ￡ 13,382,000/ ￡ 4,318,000=.10times.word 可编辑 .Trend: IncreaseAnalysis: Where this ratio gas increase, this is a good sign. It indicates that the existingfixed assets are generating more sales and maybe investment in new fixed assets gascould be been paid off. Managers of SSP plc should develop and focus on it.Debtors Collection Period=Debtors/Turnover x 3652003:￡ 306,000/￡11,674,000 9x.57365=days2004:￡ 452,000/￡13,382,000 12x365=.33daysTrend: IncreaseAnalysis: It is a bad sign that there is an increase in DCP. It indicates that SSP’ s m have a poor credit control of poor invoicing system. The bad debts may also increase.The leaders of SSP should check their invoicing and reminder system to keep the ratioa proper range.Investment Ratios:Interest Cover=Profit Before Interest & Tax/Interest Charges2003: ￡ 1,416,000/ ￡ 234,000=6.052004: ￡ 1,135,000/ ￡ 234,000=.85Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: This ratio shows how capable the company is of covering its interest charges.The decrease is not good because the company is less able to meet its interest payments. But the ratio is still in a reasonable range. Leaders should try to increasecompany ’ s profit to keep this ratio a high level..word 可编辑 .Debt Ratio=Total Debts/Total Assets x 100%2003: ( ￡ 767,000+ ￡ 1,560,000)/(￡4, 17,000+ ￡1,195,000) x 100%=44.65%2004: ( ￡ 701,000+ ￡ 1,560,000)/(￡4,318,000+ ￡1,248,000) x 100%=40.62%Trend: DecreaseAnalysis: It is a good sign that the ratio increased. However, a healthy ratio shouldkeep around 50%. It indicates that SSP has fewer liabilities or keeps more assets. Thesign should be kept by managers.3.RecommendationAfter reading and analyzing three accounts from SSP Company, I found some problemswith it and now I will present my suggestions about the future management in thesetwo parts.Operational recommendationA ratio of Net Profit Percentage shows us that SSP plc has a high expenditure inoperation cost. It also indicates that the company has a low level of cost control.Therefore, I suggest that SSP should try to decrease the costs of sales and theoperation cost, such as adopting new management system and using contractors tofind distribution channels but to find them itself.Financial recommendationFor the source of finance, SSP has a bad performance of financial operating. In the CashFlow Statement, the Financing is￡0, but the company is planning expansion in Glasgo The main inflow of the company is the sales. It is a dangerous phenomenon if the.word 可编辑 .company wants to use the turnover to expanse its business because it is impossible touse the current cash to support long-term investment. So I suggest that the companymay increase the number of share capital or make more debentures to get more long-term capital for expansion.ConclusionBy analyzing the P&L Account, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement, we can infer thatSSP plc has a good operational performance. However, there are still many parts to improve and develop to help the company maximize profits.ReferenceRay H. Garrison, Managerial Accounting, Business Publications Inc., 1985, Printed inU.S.A.J.R.DYSON, Accounting for Non-accounting Students, Financial Times, 2004, Printed in Great Britain.Frank Wood & Alan Sangster, Business Accounting 2, Financial Times,Pitman Publishing, 1999, Printed in China.。
HND商法outcome1问题及答案
1.现代苏格兰法的渊源Source Of Scotland Law1.Statute 成文法2.EU Law 欧盟法mon Law 普通法2.民法与刑法的区别The main differences between civil and criminal law are:a.Criminal law is primarily used by the State as a means of maintaining law and order by punishing certain individuals who indulge in behaviour which is regarded as criminal and anti-social. The State uses the criminal law, therefore, to punish criminals on behalf of the community or society.b.The civil justice system, in contrast with criminal law, aims to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in areas as wide-ranging as family law, company law, partnership law, banking and finance law, sale of goods and services, consumer law, personal injury claims, trusts, defamation actions, succession issues and divorce (消费者保护法，个人伤害索赔，信托，诽谤行动，继承问题和离婚).c.Different courts, standards of proof and procedures existdepending on whether we are talking about criminal action or a civil dispute. (we will discuss this more in later chapters)3.成文法的定义Acts of parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law. the westminster parliament alone made laws for scotland until the creation of the scottish parliament,however,westminster has given the scottish parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.4.苏格兰议会与英国议会Which the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament , is the superior legislative body?(a)The westminster（维特敏斯特——伦敦市的一个行政区英国议会所在地）parliament(b)1.After(the Act Of union in)1707,the new scottish parliament is not completely/totally/fully independent（独立的）(body/organization).2.It's westminster parliament that gave scottish parliament.3.Scotland can only make secondary legislation（法规法令）/can not make primary legislation.4.Scotland parliament can abolish（废止）.5.欧盟立法机关European Union Legislation(what are the four most important institutions of the European Union and which of the European Union institutions has law-making powers?)(a)四个机构1.The Commission European: A Supervision（监督）Role2.The Council of Ministers (部长理事会决策性的)3.The European Parliament(建议性的)4.The European Court of Justice (执法)(b)哪个机构有权利制定法律1.the council of ministers and the european parliament have the power/authority to make law/advisory.2.The EU commission can not make law.3.The court enforces EU Law.法院实施欧盟法6.The primary of European Union Law Assuming three exists a conflict between scots and European Union law , which one of the two legal systems are the Scottish courts bound to follow? Why?(a) 如果Scotland law与EU Law发生冲突应该遵守？The Scottish corts would have to obey/observe the European Law.(b) Why?1.the EU Union have 27 member state,every state must to obey the EU Union's regulation.2.3. Scotland is a part member of the EU Union,so It must obey the EU Law,if UK decided get out of the EU Union,Scotland will not obey the EU Law.7. 6个民事纠纷例子Civil disputes Employment law disputes e.g. unfair or wrongful dismissal claims劳动法纠纷，如不公平的或者错误的解聘纠纷Family law disputes (custody or adoption of children)家庭法纠纷（孩子的监护或收养问题）Divorce or separation actions离婚或分居诉讼Debt recovery actions债务清偿纠纷Defamation of character人格诽谤纠纷Land disputes土地纠纷Winding up of a corporate body公司解体纠纷Succession disputes (wills)继承/遗嘱纠纷Personal injury claims人身伤害纠纷Contractual disputes合同关系纠纷8. 5个苏格兰使用的法律Sale of goods act 1979Employment right act 1996Human right act 1998Protection of children（scotland）act 2003The healthy and safety at work act 1974Abolition of feudal tenure （scotland）act 2000The licensing （scotland）act 19769.什么是犯罪What is a crime?A crime is behaviour which is regarded as so reprehensible (应受谴责) and which, consequently, threatens or undermines thesecurity of society. Criminal behaviour ought to be punished by the State by the imposition of a prison sentence and /or fine or other sanction (制裁) on the person who is convicted of a crime.举例（5个）：Examples of criminal conduct include murder, rape, assault, fire-raising, theft and fraud (欺诈行为).10.司法先例Judicial Precedent定义Judicial Precedent (司法先例)Judicial Precedent also known as Stare Decisis (遵循先例).If a legal dispute or any other legal situation occurs and there is no provision in any Act of Parliament of any piece of delegated legislation to cover it, the judge dealing with the dispute must make a decision which he/she sees as fair and just.In such a situation therefore, the judge is actually making the law—he/she is creating a precedent—and their decision will be followed in the future by other judges in similar cases. However, if legislation is passed later which is contrary to the judicial decision, then the legislation that is passed later will overrule it.原则For precedent to be applied the following must be shownThat the cases are “in point”—This means that the case beingheard in court must be dealing with the same question of law as the case being heard in court as the case that is being used as a precedent.That the original decision was made in a higher court: the Court of Session and Sheriff Court Judges must follow a House of Lords decision.There is no legislation to cover this point. At the time of this case, there was no legislation to cover such a situation and so the judges had used their sense of fairness to reach a decision.举例Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC（HL）31Daniels V White （1938）Grant V Australian Knitting Mills（1936）。
HND商务会计高级outcome 3 4 5报告答案【范本模板】
Index pageIndex page………………………………………..…。
Introduction…………………………………………。
Background………………………………………。
…FindingsSection 1…………………………………………Section 2…………………………………………Section 3…………………………………………Conclusion………………………………………….。
Reference…………………………………………….IntroductionBackgroundSSP plc is a company operating in the food manufacturing industry. It is engaged in food processing, supplying all the main supermarket chains with first class process meat products. During the last few years the company has been difficult because of the BSE and Foot and Mouth disease made a declining demand for meat product。
The bad outstanding achievement stopped in 2004 and a partial rebound in the market produced an increase in turnover by nearly 15%. It is expected that this rebound in the market will gather momentum over the coming year and the SSP plc is planning to take even greater strides forward by opening a new processing plant in Glasgow.As requested in the chief executive’s memo of 30 December，here is my report summarising and analysising the financial position of the SSP plc for the year 2003 and 2004.OutlineThe main body of the report will evaluate five parts：Part 1——- Analyze the users of financial information and the purpose of using。
Hnd 商法考试答案(自己整理的)
1.Smair does not have a legally enforceable with Fairways for the purchase forthe Matsumoto golf clubs for 150, Because the contract consists of on offer and an acceptance, But the goods displayed in a shop window is not an offer.and it’s a willingness to negotiate.So they don’t constitute a contract. If smair wants to buy the set of golf clubs he must pay 15002.Samir and Susan are old friends If Susan wants to sue Samir and seek redressthe cost of her new designer outfit, the cost of her taxi fare and thed issappointment caused, the she can’t win. Because their don’t have acontract. Domestic agreement,social agreement, atreement binding in honor only and gambling or wagering agreement don’t have legal obligation.And Susan and Samir supper agreement belongs to social agreement. It is not a contractbual relation.They don’t have intention of creating legal relation so Susan can not obtain legal remedy3.When an offer is made by the post then the contract will be completed whenthe accept ance is posted-it doesn’t matter when the acceptance arrives.But Dougie campbell can the offer to samir.Because a contract’s establishment must be the accepter send effective notice to the offeror.And Samir use the instant messaging to send Dougie campbell a message.Buthe spells a wrong address. And Dougie Campbell doesn’t accept the acceptance. So their contract has no effect. This situation doesn’t apply to mailbox rule4.Samir con not insist that stuart sell the car to him for 4500. Because Samirsays to Stuart ‘I will give you 4000 for the car’ This is a counter offer. Its rde is to cancel the original offer and become a new offer. And the new offer is refused by Stuart. So their contract has no effect5.Robert makes a misrepresentation to Christine . Its goal is let Christine tobuy this car . And the misrepresentations include innocent M , fraudulent M , negligent M and concealment of facts . And Robert’s behavior belongs to fraudulent M . This kind of M is intentional . So Christine can sue Robert .On the contrary , if Robert can explain he doesn’t cause error in the substantials for Christine . The Robert can avoid his duty . Otherwise , he must undertake the duty .6.Christine is by the way of fraudulent M to establish the contract . So thecontract is deceitful and revocable . So the contract is no effect .7Christine suffers fraudulent misrepresentation. So he can get the legal remedy.The legal temedy indudes rescission of the contract, rescission of the contract and claim damages, trtention of the contract and claim damages. If the litigant only makes innocent misrepresentation, then adversary can only ressission of the contract. And the adversary can not get the claim damoges. 8If there is a breach of contract then the party can get a remedy for the breach.These temedies include damages, specific implement, rescission and defensive remedies. And the defensive remedies includes lien and retention.9Because of the special properties of the paingting and the unique value. And alasdair can not buy the same painting from the other places. So the most suitable for his way is specific implement. Specific implement is a equitableand limitary remedy. But the court is not always agree with the relief.Because the remedy will be allowed by the coutr in some specific circumstances.10Karen’s con tract with her business customers will terminate. Because frustration of contract and it must terminate. Because of the legislation is passed by the parliament. If both sides continue to perform the contract, it will become supervening illegality. Then the contract must terminate.。
HND商务文化和策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are theelements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politicsand stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make itsstrategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form.They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relativelylow prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smokingarea to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes. If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it isan anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. Thesituation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them badpolicing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales.Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through dailytime. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is likenext:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes neededto achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development andgrows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area,provide television program and so on. All of these means J DWetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teamsand coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accepttheir validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knowsabout customers needs, then change its business, like breakfastserving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfyingbasic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing andresults, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leadershould fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of JD Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pubchains had been developing their business, and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. Ina word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So thecompany needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’ force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change.The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Business strategy: as a plan, strategy relates how an organization intends to achieve its goals. As a pattern, strategy is the rhyme and reason that emerges in the course of making the endless decisions that reconcile the reality organizations encounter with their aims. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. As a ploy, strategy is a ruse-it relies on secrecy and deception:’ Lets not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth’. As perspective, strategy is part vantage point and part view from that vantage point, particularly the way this view shapes and guides decisions and actions.Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organization’s future, how it can gain competitive advantage, the courses of action it should take and how it can respond to the many pressures and influences from its external and internal environments. Choices occur at different organizational levels. At a business level organizations need to decide how they can satisfy the needs of different customers and other stakeholders. In turn managers have to decide how to deliver strategies in terms of the products or markets they may retain or develop.For example : In J D wetherspoon ,there are a lot’s of problem let the company to change the business strategy . From the internal management to talk , the company’s internal structure has changed. Tim Martin gave up day-to-day control in 2004 to become non-executive chairman working two days a week. From the external environment to talk.: as the public attitude towards binge drinking has changed and competitors had been developing their businesses, and the company’s sales and profit growth have slowed down. So, the company can identify their strategic choice, and then to select the proper business strategy for their company. To sum up, The company needs to adjust in these changes by transforming their business strategy. Strategy can be determined through the strategic policy choice.2. With reference to ‘forces for change’, explain why the strategy of JD Wetherspoon changed over time.From the external driving forces to talk: the society discourages binge drinking .the supermarket begin to selling the drinks. Many competitors are developing their businesses to compete with JD Wetherspoon. From the internal to talk : the company’s stocks fell and falling profits, The company expansion plan to fail. Tim Martin gave up day-to-day control in 2004 to become non-executive chairman working two days a week.Restraining forces: Employees in JD Wetherspoon would not like to witness these changes as they may be lost their job because of these changes. In addition to, succeed over the past years also has a negative influence on this reform. According to employees’angle, they want to stable work and regularly payment, however, these changes will bring some uncertain factors to their future career, may be they will be fired because they cannot follow the new demands of the company. From the manager viewpoint, they also doubt that these changes will bring them more profits than they did before. So all these factors are become the restraining forces to the company. According to the ‘forces for change’, the company’s driving forces apparently outweigh its restraining forces, and the balance are broken, so JD Wetherspoon need to change their strategy to adapt the current situation.3. What advice would you give to the management of JD Wetherspoon to help them analyze a change situation and to overcome any resistance to change?JD Wetherspoon could use PESTEL analysis to help them analyze a change situation. According to PESTEL analysis, the company can understand their environmental influences deeply. And it is much more helpful when it is used to identify key influences or drivers, which are the forces that are most likely to affect the industry sector as whole as well as the organization itself. A PESTEL analysis can be particularly useful for enterprises that have become too inward-looking as they may be in danger of forgetting the power and effect of external pressures for change. In a ddition to, Bullock and Batten’s four-stage model also very useful to the company analyze a change situation. This model can help the company to locate which stage they situated now. And they can take proper approaches to cope with in their stage. It certainly appears to logically and sequentially deal with the phases that organizations must go through to achieve successful change.Regarding to overcome resistance to change, I think the company should involve employees in the consultation process as it is difficult for individuals to resist change decision in which they have participated. Apparently, JD Wetherspoon has already done well in this part. So they just need to continue Participation. Moreover, the company should ensure more effective communication with every employee at all stages of change. Resistance can be reduced by communicating with employees to help them see the logic of a change. If employees receive the full facts and clear up any misunderstandings, the resistance will subside. Finally, managers can offer a range of supportive efforts to reduce resistance. This way can decrease employees’ negative attitude towards changes to a large extent.。