概要写作微技能1:高度概括
高中英语概要写作题型解读与技巧

概要写作题型解读与技巧第一部分概要写作总体介绍1.题型介绍◆选材特点(1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内;(2)所选材料体裁没有限制,以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
◆评分参考阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意:理解准确,涵盖全部要求,完全使用自己的语言,准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇,得分相应比较高。
相反,如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象,得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2考查能力概要写作,简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括,写出文章的中心大意,也可称之为摘要。
写概要时,读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,而不是抄袭文章的原句,更不是把细节性信息作为中心,而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用合适的语言表述出来。
这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力,同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
第二部分概要写作步骤和方法一.概括的写作步骤:1. 确定主题句。
确定阅读文章的主题句,一般在段首。
没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2. 寻找关键词。
分析主题句意义,确定关键词,关键词一般体现为名词、形容词,关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3. 重构主题句。
概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。
可以从作者的写作目的逆推,反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的,它基本决定了概括的质量。
4. 重组支撑句。
支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句,可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀:简括为:缩长见短,省却细腻。
(括:概括性。
见:间接引语。
短:短的连词。
细腻:细节和例子)二.写概括的具体方法A.定时态:如果阅读材料是过去时,那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现在的,那么基本时态用现在时;不过,模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passage tells us that----- - --.B.定人称:一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。
新高考读后续写高分素材--微技能之细节描写(1)

新咼考读后续写咼分素材--微技能之细节描写(1)新高考读后续写高分素材--微技能之细节描写读后续写微技能之细节描写1高考中续写的文体主要为记叙文。
顾名思义,记叙文主要以记叙事件为主,因此需要用到许多的细节描写以使文章生动,言之有物。
不少学生语言功底不错,但是续写始终得不了高分, 其中一个原因可能就是细节描写的缺乏。
那么,续写该如何写呢?我们应该做到兼顾概括描述和细节描述,而且要多用细节描述。
所谓概括描述是指对一个事件的总体描述,而细节描述则是对事件的具体描述,来对之前的总体描述进一步解释说明,这样能够使得描述更加生动,有画面感。
举例:如表达一个人的疲累时,可用概括描述:she felt exhausted.同时辅以细节描述She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, rest ing her achi ng feet.如果大家注意这些细节的描述,一定会为你的记叙文续写增色!“感到害怕”的细节描述当看到那只凶恶的狼时,我感到很害怕。
1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚。
2、请你在此概括描述的基础上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理。
参考答案:1. At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I felt very scared.felt so scared that my throat tighte ned and my kn ees2. 1) At the sight of the ferocious wolf, Ifelt weak.(嗓子发紧,膝盖发软)2) At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch .(吓呆了,不敢动弹)3)At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I was seized by a strong sense of horror and my palms were sweat ing.(被深深地恐惧感所控制,手心出汗表感到兴奋thrilled当主持人宣布她获奖时,她兴奋极了。
作文中的概括写作技巧

作文中的概括写作技巧概括写作是作文中非常重要的一个技巧,它要求我们从大量的信息中提取出关键内容,并用简洁明了的语言进行归纳总结。
以下是一些可以帮助提升概括写作技巧的方法。
一、仔细理解原文在进行概括写作之前,我们首先要认真阅读原文,并确保对其内容有一个全面准确的理解。
只有理解清楚原文的核心观点和要点,我们才能更好地进行概括。
二、提取关键信息概括写作的关键在于提取关键信息。
我们需要从原文中找出最能代表主题的信息,并进行有意义的归纳整理。
通常可以通过找出重复出现的关键词、表述直接提取出关键信息。
三、精简语言表达概括写作要求我们用简洁明了的语言表达出原文的关键观点。
我们要避免冗长的句子和复杂的词汇,尽量用简单明了、通俗易懂的语言进行表述,让读者能够迅速理解概括内容。
四、保持客观中立在进行概括写作时,我们要尽量保持客观中立的态度。
不要在概括中加入自己的个人观点或评价,只需提炼出原文中的主要信息,用客观的方式进行表述。
五、注意逻辑结构概括写作的内容应该具备逻辑结构,起承转合,层次清晰。
我们可以按照原文的逻辑顺序进行归纳,或按照主题进行分类总结。
概括的内容应该有头有尾,让读者能够一目了然地理解整篇文章。
六、反复修改在完成概括写作后,我们应该进行反复的修改和润色。
检查是否有遗漏的重要信息,是否有冗余的内容等。
通过不断修改,使概括内容更加精炼、准确。
总结:概括写作是作文中的重要技巧,它要求我们能够抓住核心信息,进行简洁明了的表达。
通过仔细理解原文、提取关键信息、精简语言表达、保持客观中立、注意逻辑结构和反复修改,我们可以不断提升概括写作的技巧,使作文更加准确、有力地表达出原文的内容。
高考英语概要写作技巧讲解

高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
二、专题详解1.专题分析①原文材料350词以内,概要写作不少于60词。
①原文基本以说明文、议论文为主。
①概要,基本上就是段落大意。
每段一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括就行。
①要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
2.注意事项①找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。
①各要点的表达要相对独立。
①各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
①句型力求简单,每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
①尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。
例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用ing形式和ed形式作定语。
①多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
3.模板及句型①表示文章的内容以及研究目的1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...2)The article focuses on the topic of...①表示研究的结论1)The result showed that...2)The author found that...3)It was concluded that...①表示推荐、观点或建议1)The author suggests/considers that...2)Suggestions are made for...4.评分原则①本题总分为15分,按5个档次给分。
①评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
①词数少于40和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。
①评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
高中英语 概要写作(summary)

概要写作(summary),就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下,要从一篇350词以内的短文中提炼出60词左右的内容概要,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文,也可称之为摘要。
这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力,另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此,概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的,是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中,我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点:客观性:概要写作其实是一种客观的复述,在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,写作内容要全面,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容;写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。
考生应通过释义的方式,用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性:简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。
概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,通过删除原文中的细节减少例证,简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性,但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性:概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。
写概要时,必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
我们该如何正确把握概要写作呢?下面以《考试说明》中概要写作的样题为例:首先通过阅读我们知道文章一共有4段,它按照时间的顺序、总-分的方式来陈述人们在不同时期对于“dirt”的不同观点,即Attitudes towards dirt have beenchanging over time。
文章第一段的第二句是全文的主旨,第二、三、四段都是在不同时期人们对于“dirt”的不同看法,基本可以确定attitudes、dirt和time为全文的关键词。
概述的技巧

概述的技巧
概述是指对一个主题或一个文本进行简洁明了的总结。
以下是一些概述的技巧:
1. 阅读理解:确保对于要概述的主题或文本有充分的理解。
仔细阅读主题或文本,识别关键信息和主要观点。
2. 压缩信息:对于概述而言,信息的压缩是关键。
删除不必要的细节,只保留最重要的事实和观点。
3. 简明扼要:使用简洁明了的语言来表达概述。
避免冗长的句子和复杂的词汇,尽量用简单直接的语言表达要点。
4. 逻辑结构:确定概述的逻辑结构。
概述应该按照一种清晰的顺序组织,以便读者可以轻松地理解并记住内容。
常见的逻辑结构有时间顺序、问题-解决方案、原因-结果等。
5. 不偏不倚:概述应该客观中立,不偏袒任何一方。
避免个人偏见或情感色彩的插入。
6. 检查准确性:在完成概述后,确保准确性和一致性。
仔细检查语法、拼写和标点符号,以确保概述的准确性。
7. 实践反复:概述是一个技巧,需要不断实践才能提高。
尝试对各种不同类型的文本或主题进行概述,不断锻炼和改进自己的概述技巧。
如何撰写梗概:从内容提取到简洁概括的技巧与要点

如何撰写梗概:从内容提取到简洁概括的技巧与要点How to Write a Synopsis: Tips and Key Points for Extracting Content and Summarizing ConciselyA synopsis is a brief summary of a longer work, such as a book, film, or research paper. Writing a synopsis can be a challenging task, as it requires the author to extract the most important elements of the work and present them in a clear and concise manner. Here are some tips and key points to keep in mind when writing a synopsis:1. Understand the purpose of a synopsisBefore you begin writing a synopsis, it is important to understand its purpose. A synopsis is not a detailed summary of every event or character in a work; rather, it is a brief overview that highlights the most important aspects of the story or research. The purpose of a synopsis is to give the reader a sense of what the work is about, without giving away all the details.2. Identify the key elements of the workTo write an effective synopsis, you need to identify the key elements of the work, such as the main characters, plot, and themes. It can be helpful to create an outline or mind map of the work, noting the most important events and ideas. This will help you to focus on the most important elements when writing the synopsis.3. Write in a clear and concise styleWhen writing a synopsis, it is important to be clear and concise. Avoid using unnecessary words or phrases, and focus on presenting the key elements of the work in a straightforward manner. Use active voice and present tense to convey a sense of immediacy and energy.4. Use a consistent tone and styleWhen writing a synopsis, it is important to use a consistent tone and style throughout. This will help to create a sense ofcoherence and continuity, and will make the synopsis easier to read and understand. Use a tone that is appropriate for the work you are summarizing, whether it is serious, humorous, or something in between.5. Edit and reviseOnce you have written a draft of the synopsis, it is important to edit and revise it carefully. Check for grammar and spelling errors, and make sure that the synopsis is free of unnecessary or confusing information. Ask someone else to read the synopsis and provide feedback, as this can help you to identify areas that need improvement.如何撰写梗概:从内容提取到简洁概括的技巧与要点梗概是对长篇作品(如书籍、电影或研究论文)的简短概述。
概括内容要点(Summary)的方法及技巧

概括内容要点(Summary)的方法及技巧关键词:读写任务,概括,内容要点,中心句(topic sentences),关键词(Key words),分类,方法及技巧,针对性训练。
摘要:针对广东省英语高考的变化,结合2008年广东省各地模拟试题的读写任务的具体分析,就如何指导学生在读写任务写作中的概括短文的内容要点谈谈我的做法及几个小技巧。
为了加大对考生语言综合能力,语言驾驭能力的考查,2007年广东省英语高考对题型进行了大幅度的调整:作文增加至两篇,包括基础写作和读写任务写作。
本文从命题特点来看,读写任务写作一般包括以下几个内容:1.以约30个词概括短文(约200词)的内容要点;2.以约120个词写一篇短文,包括以下要点:1)你的看法或观点2)举例说明或说明理由3)你的做法,建议等从评分标准来看,概括部分(即文章的第一段)占5分,要求“按要求概括了全部主要信息,没有增加与原文无关的信息,没有照抄原文句子。
语言结构正确,行文规范。
”好的开头是成功的一半,作文更是如此。
文章的第一段甚至第一个句子往往影响了评卷老师的主观印象。
若想应试作文拿高分,第一段在很大程度上奠定了这篇文章的档次。
那么,怎么做到满分的内容要点的概括呢?第一、审清题目要求。
题目要求概括全文的内容要点最为常见,但也有更具体的。
如,2007年广东卷读写任务,要求概括父母对“我”的希望;2008年佛山二模,要求概括作者喜欢与朋友共处的原因等等。
因此,审清楚题目要求是非常重要的。
技巧之一:注意关键词(题眼)并使用适当的英文词汇表达。
如上述2007广东卷,关键词是“希望”,因此必须要用“hope”或“expect”表达出来;同理,2008佛山二模,关键词是“原因”,必须使用“because”或“reason”表达出来。
又如,新闻报道类,必须使用“report”或“It’s reported that”。
第二、训练学生找出文章的主题句(topic sentences)或关键词(Key words)。
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for Christmas much earlier this year to appeal to consumers.
段末主题句
例2:With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own homes with the help of the Internet.
Many researchers believe adult behavior affects children greatly.
段末主题句
例1:One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only £197. 70% of Internet users are now buying their Christmas gifts online. Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of the business for some stores. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result, there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early in an attempt to attract consumers to spend.
Online shopping gains the popularity due to its advantages, including lower prices and convenience.
小试牛刀
请用一句话括段落大意。
例1:Many doctors see aphasics (失语症患者) as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words. However, according to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand expressions better, though they cannot understand words.
The differences between sexes begin as early as fetuses are about sixteen weeks old.
段首主题句
例3:Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are main cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children copy aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them…
Logos can appear on many occasions.
段中或提炼主题句
例2:Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother’s cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door.
Nowadays (presently) many people can purchase gifts at home on the Internet before Christmas.
段末主题句
例3:Chess has a long history. It is a game for two people. Each player has some pieces, including a king. The game is over when either king is taken. Playing chess can train one’s mind. Blitz chess is a game of chess where each side id given very little time to make all of their moves. Nowadays computers and cell phones can beat the best chess player.
Fortunately, his sister heard him crying by chance and informed the mailman in time to let him out.
段中或提炼主题句
例3:Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of you mouse.
Women do more shopping (purchase) online than men.
段首主题句
例2:The differences begin when fetuses (胎儿) are about sixteen weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are very young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him of push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills.
Currently, the best player can be beaten by computers and cell phones.
段中或提炼主题句
例1:Logos are used on letterheads, packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign.
Dr. Sacks believes aphasics are more talented than normal people.
小试牛刀
例2:Logos are part of this image. They are symbols which often include a name or initials (缩写) to identify a company. Look again at the Apple logo . It is so recognizable; did you have to think for one moment whose the company is? Many companies have, over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images. Company logos can be emotive and can inspire loyalty by influencing the subconscious. Some logos incorporate (包含) and idea of the product; the prancing black horse of Ferrari on a yellow shield invoking (唤起) power and speed, the British airways red and blue tail fin (尾 翼). International companies especially need to give its