完成时态的讲解与练习

现在完成时的用法和练习题一. 用法：（1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。

与一般过去时的区别：强调过去—一般过去式强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。

试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。

（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。

（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）My mother went to Shanghai.Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.. I didn’t have breakfast.I haven’t have breakfast yet.（2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

如：--Have you had lunch yet? --Yes, I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。

（现在我不饿了）（3）现在完成时表示未完成。

动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。

通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.（4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。

如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

I have been to Shanghai twice.She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.练习1. 我已经在深圳住了十年。

___________________________________2. 我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。

___________________________________3. 我踢足球已经有两年了。

___________________________________4. 我自从1996年就认识玛丽___________________________________5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.二. 构成：(1) 肯定句：(2) 否定句：...have/has not done(3) 一般疑问句：Have/ Has ... done ....?Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.(4) 常用的时间状语有：或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.A.already和yet区别:I have already finished my homework.already用在_______，位于_______。

“已经”Have you finished your homework yet?yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。

“仍然，还，已经”B.for 与since区别: for +时间段since+ 时间点I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.I have been here__________7 o'clock.用since和for填空1. ______ two years2._______ two years ago3. _______ last month4.______ 19995._______ yesterday6. _______ 4 o’clock7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very young13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years三. have been in,have been to与have gone to的用法区别（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。

例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave been here (there) / abroad（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。

可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？H ave(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。

例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。

总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。

例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

练习I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once.II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.2) David ___________ the park just now.3) John __________ England since he came back.4) How long _________ have _________ this village?5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.7) I _________ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there before.11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.12) He often _________ swimming.13) __________ you __________ there last year?14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?四.注意现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。

（就是说：有for或since 的句子里，一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。

例如：borrow → keep,buy → have,begin/start → be on, die → be dead,join → be in/be a member of-，come/arrive → be here/in, come/get back → be back,go/leave → be away(from),marry → be married(to),【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时，通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.例如：borrow →___________,buy →_______________,begin/start →_____________, die →_______________,join →__________________，come/arrive →_____________ come/get back →_____________,go/leave →_____________,marry →_______________,练习1) The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.4)He came back two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③be come → be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed ，open → be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _____________ _______________ ________________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up ，die → be deadleave sw. → be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleepfinish/end → be over marry → be married1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.6) They married in 1990.They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I __________ ____________ at this school since ___________.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film ___________ ____________ _____________ for __________ ______________.⑦borrow → keep ，lose → not have ，buy → have ，put on → wearcatch/get a cold → have a cold ，get to know → know1) They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) I got to know him last year.I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He ________________ _____________ ______________ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party→ be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.巩固练习一．根据提示完成句子1.他的爷爷去世三年了。