中世纪英语文学27页PPT
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第二章:中世纪英语文学

If the epic reflects a heroic age, the romance reflects a chivalric one. Most of the English romances deal with three major themes: a) “the Matter of Britain” — about the Arthurian legend b) “the Matter of France” — about stories concerning Charlemagne and his knights c) “the Matter of Rome” —about tales of antiquity, from the Trojan war to the feats of Alexander the Great
By the end of 14th century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But by then the English language had already been totally different from Old English, for in the three centuries after 1066 the language had undergone gradual but radical and extensive changes, as not only were borrowed in the course of time thousands of words from French and through French from Latin and also Greek, but many old inflectional forms of native English words had been dropped and formal grammar of the past had become considerably simplified. e.g. Words from Latin: angel/ monk/ pope/ candle English: calf swine (old use or lit, pig) sheep build ask wet French: veal pork mutton construct inquire humid The English language in this transitional stage from Old English to modern English, through some four centuries (from 12th to 15th) of development and change, has generally been known as Middle English.
英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod ppt课件

The Anglo-Saxon Period witnessed a Transition from tribal society to feudalism.
British Literature I
5. The Anglo-Saxon religious belief
The Anglo-Saxons were heathen (异教徒) people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe.
Early Inhabitants
Britons
Britain
a tribe of Celts the land of Britons
primitive people clustering of huts
tribal society
2. The Roman Conquest
British Literature I
British Literature I
History and Selected Readings of British Literature
British Literature I
Outline of British Literature
▪ 1. Anglo-Saxon Period 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066) ▪ 2. Anglo-Norman Period (Middle Ages)盎格鲁- 诺曼时期
English language was influenced by the Northern mythology.
▪ 6.The Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1798-1832) ▪ 7.The Critical Realism 批判现实主义时期(19世纪30年代-
最新第二章--中世纪文学PPT课件

• 圣诞
三、圣经文学——旧约
• 《圣经》(Bible):一词源于希腊文blblia意为“一组小 书”,是不同历史时期,不同作者的著作汇编。
• 《圣经》 包括《旧约全书》和《新约全书》两部分。
• 《旧约》亦称《希伯来圣经》。是犹太教经典,内容为上 帝创造天地万物和人类,以及古希伯来人的传说、法典和 教规等。
1. 希伯来人
• 意为“从河那边来的人”(幼发拉底河) • 公元前10世纪,部落联盟:以色列和犹太部落联
盟。 先后经历了扫罗、大为、所罗门三王统治, 后分裂为两王国。 • 前586年,“巴比伦之囚”
• 2. 约书
• 约,立约(Covenant)是圣经中的专用神学术语, 表示上帝和他的选民之间的关系,犹太教把它称 做“约书”。上帝最早与挪亚立约(创4:18,9: 8-17),上帝承诺不再毁灭人类,挪亚有义务照 神的吩咐做。第二次是上帝与亚伯拉罕立约(创 15、17),上帝许诺亚伯拉罕多子多福,成为多 国的父,但须施割礼。亚伯拉罕执行割礼。第三 次是上帝与摩西立约(出14-27),主要内容是 “十诫”。圣经新约中,上帝与耶稣立约,耶稣 在最后晚餐中以自己的血肉与上帝立约,承担一 切责任,使世人获救。
• (3)圣经文化精神
• 圣经文化精神最突出的一点是人道主义精神,宣扬平等
博爱,“平等互助”,“爱人如己”,同情弱者等都是人 道主义的表现。对欧洲许多作家的创作倾向产生了影响, 促进了文艺复兴时期资产阶级文艺思想的形成。
四、中世纪四种文学
• (一)教会文学是中 世纪占统治地位的文 学。作者是僧侣,又 称僧侣文学。主要包 括圣经故事、圣徒传、 赞美诗、祈祷文、宗 教剧等。基本主题是 宣传基督教教义,宣 扬神的权威,鼓吹原 罪观念、禁欲主义和 来世思想。
英语文学导论PPT课件

ß the house and her distinguished 受人尊敬的 family
ß tax incident事件&the visit by the deputation代表团
9
.
Section 2
ß smell in Emily's house & complaints 抱怨 in the neighborhood & actions taken to do away
ß discovery of the murder & her necrophilia(恋尸癖)
13
.
Close reading
14
.
ß Miss Emily's father ß her appearance 外貌and character ß the women in her town ß the attitude of her townspeople ß her house ß visual 看得见的violence: Emily vs.
there.
20
.
The ladies in Jefferson
ß the curious women(p.9)
ß "only a woman could have believed it"(p.9)
ß ladies with mixed feelings(p.14/15)
ß ladies as invaders(p.16/17)
ß Complicity合谋者
ß successors of Emily’s father
22
.
visual violence
ß “to see the inside of her house” 9 ß “a crayon portrait”10 ß “looked back/stared at/ looked him
ß tax incident事件&the visit by the deputation代表团
9
.
Section 2
ß smell in Emily's house & complaints 抱怨 in the neighborhood & actions taken to do away
ß discovery of the murder & her necrophilia(恋尸癖)
13
.
Close reading
14
.
ß Miss Emily's father ß her appearance 外貌and character ß the women in her town ß the attitude of her townspeople ß her house ß visual 看得见的violence: Emily vs.
there.
20
.
The ladies in Jefferson
ß the curious women(p.9)
ß "only a woman could have believed it"(p.9)
ß ladies with mixed feelings(p.14/15)
ß ladies as invaders(p.16/17)
ß Complicity合谋者
ß successors of Emily’s father
22
.
visual violence
ß “to see the inside of her house” 9 ß “a crayon portrait”10 ß “looked back/stared at/ looked him
英文版 中世纪文学

II. Literature in Anglo-Norman period
1. Romance:P8 the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of idealized characters, especially a knight. 2. Three Romance cycles Britain, France, Rome
III. Beowulf
3. Writing features 1) Alliterative verse: Alliteration头韵: long live Chairman Mao 2) Kenning/metaphor比喻名称、隐喻语:浓 缩的比喻,通常由两个名词组成的复合名词 E.g. Whale-path: Ocean; sky’s candle: sun; battle-flasher: sword 3) Understatements低调陈述: The face wasn’t a bad one.
III. Beowulf
2. Story 1) fighting against Grendel and his mother 2) fighting against the fire dragon
Western dragon vs. Chinese dragon Beowulf vs. Pilgrimage to the West A big sword vs. 金箍棒
英国文学之中世纪英国文学 Oldand_Medieval_EnglishLiteraturePPT

What was the original form of literature at that time?
Anglo-Saxon literature is almost a verse literature in oral form.
It could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Its creators for the most part are unknown. It was only given a written form long after its composition.
General View of Literature
Q: What do you think will exert influences on literature at this time?
A: 1.Northern mythology trace 2. Christian feature
The Historical Background
3). Influence: 1. With the Roman Conquest the Roman mode of life came across to Britain. 2. Also, it was during the Roman rule that Christianity was introduced to Britain.
At first they just invaded parts of the country from time to time. Gradually they came to make permanent settlement and ruthlessly destroyed many of the monasteries.
英国文学 讲解Sonnet PPT课件

在此诗的基本音步类型是抑扬格,每行五音步。因此 称此诗的格律是“抑扬格五音步”(iambic pentameter)。一首诗的音步类型和诗行所含的音步 数目构成此诗的格律(meter)。
第9页/共53页
Hamlet
Old words:
• Thee, obj.,
thou, sub.,
thy=your, thine=yours, or
第11页/共53页
Hamlet
Old words:
• Ere=before still=always oft=often Happily=haply=perhaps even=evening
第12页/共53页
6. Text Study: Sonnet 18
可否把你比作美丽的夏天? 可你比夏天更加可爱如绣: 狂风摇曳着五月里的花冠, Shall I compare thee to a summer ’s d夏ay天? 的租期不肯太长逗留,
有时候苍之巨眼未免焦灼, 他金色的脸也会经常暗退。 所有的美丽总会不免衰落, 偶然或永恒总将美丽残催。
第14页/共53页
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
But your youth shall not fade, Nor lose possessioNnoorf wthiallt yfaoiur tlohoseu tohwe’bseta; uty that you possess; Nor shall Death brNagorthwoiullwdaenadtherc’lastimin yhoisu sfhoardhei,s own, When in eternal linBeesctaoustiemien tmhoyuegterornwa’l svte; rse you will live forever.
第9页/共53页
Hamlet
Old words:
• Thee, obj.,
thou, sub.,
thy=your, thine=yours, or
第11页/共53页
Hamlet
Old words:
• Ere=before still=always oft=often Happily=haply=perhaps even=evening
第12页/共53页
6. Text Study: Sonnet 18
可否把你比作美丽的夏天? 可你比夏天更加可爱如绣: 狂风摇曳着五月里的花冠, Shall I compare thee to a summer ’s d夏ay天? 的租期不肯太长逗留,
有时候苍之巨眼未免焦灼, 他金色的脸也会经常暗退。 所有的美丽总会不免衰落, 偶然或永恒总将美丽残催。
第14页/共53页
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
But your youth shall not fade, Nor lose possessioNnoorf wthiallt yfaoiur tlohoseu tohwe’bseta; uty that you possess; Nor shall Death brNagorthwoiullwdaenadtherc’lastimin yhoisu sfhoardhei,s own, When in eternal linBeesctaoustiemien tmhoyuegterornwa’l svte; rse you will live forever.
第二章中世纪文学.ppt

可起义一次次失败,大批犹太人被卖为奴隶,
大批起义者被钉死在十字架上。种种原因,
人们渴望救主的出现,使得这种惩罚统治者,
建立“千年王国”的宗教很容易形成,也很
容易流行,所以原始基督教是奴隶和被压迫 者的宗教。
• 原始基督教在传播中还逐渐被改造利用,千 年王国由地上搬到天上,从现世转入来世, 复仇、憎恨变为忍耐顺从、安分守己。-爱人 如己“爱你的仇敌”,为压迫者“祷告”, 有人打你的左脸,连右脸也转过来由他打, 有人要拿你的内衣,连外衣也由他拿去---马 太福音。
(东正教),西部称“罗马公教”, 又称天主教。16世纪宗教改革运动中 产生的新宗派称新派。
• 《圣经》包括《旧约》和《新约》还有《别 经》(尾经)。《尾经》在新、旧约之间又 称中约。
• 《旧约》39篇,每个故事独立成章。是犹太 教的圣书,也是希伯莱文化的汇编,内容包 括BC14世纪—BC4初之间的神话、传说、民 间故事、宗教律法、谚语、格言以及情歌等 等,后由希伯莱文翻译成希腊文。
• 《神曲》全诗长一万四千二百三十三行,由《地 狱》、《炼狱》和《天堂》三部分构成,但丁幻游 三界的神奇描述。诗人自叙在大赦圣年的1300年春 天,正当自己35岁的人生中途。是年 4月 8日, 诗 人迷失于一座黑暗的森林之中, 正当他努力向山峰 攀登时,唯一的出口又被象征淫欲、强暴和贪婪的 母豹、雄狮和母狼拦住去路。诗人惊慌不已,进退 维谷。值此危急关头,罗马大诗人维吉尔突然出现, 他受已成为天使的但丁精神上的恋人贝阿特丽齐之 托, 救但丁脱离险境,并游历地狱和炼狱。在维吉 尔的带领下,但丁首先进入地狱,但见阴风怒号, 恶浪翻涌,其情可怖,其景惊心。地狱分九层,状 如漏斗,越往下越小。 居住于此的, 都是生前犯 有重罪之人。他们的灵魂依罪孽之轻重,被安排在 不同层面中受永罚。这里有贪官污吏、伪君子、邪 恶的教皇、买卖圣职者、盗贼、淫媒、诬告犯、高 利贷者,也有贪色、贪吃、易怒的邪教徒。诗人最 痛恨卖国贼和背主之人,把他们放在第九层,冻在 冰湖里,受酷刑折磨。
大批起义者被钉死在十字架上。种种原因,
人们渴望救主的出现,使得这种惩罚统治者,
建立“千年王国”的宗教很容易形成,也很
容易流行,所以原始基督教是奴隶和被压迫 者的宗教。
• 原始基督教在传播中还逐渐被改造利用,千 年王国由地上搬到天上,从现世转入来世, 复仇、憎恨变为忍耐顺从、安分守己。-爱人 如己“爱你的仇敌”,为压迫者“祷告”, 有人打你的左脸,连右脸也转过来由他打, 有人要拿你的内衣,连外衣也由他拿去---马 太福音。
(东正教),西部称“罗马公教”, 又称天主教。16世纪宗教改革运动中 产生的新宗派称新派。
• 《圣经》包括《旧约》和《新约》还有《别 经》(尾经)。《尾经》在新、旧约之间又 称中约。
• 《旧约》39篇,每个故事独立成章。是犹太 教的圣书,也是希伯莱文化的汇编,内容包 括BC14世纪—BC4初之间的神话、传说、民 间故事、宗教律法、谚语、格言以及情歌等 等,后由希伯莱文翻译成希腊文。
• 《神曲》全诗长一万四千二百三十三行,由《地 狱》、《炼狱》和《天堂》三部分构成,但丁幻游 三界的神奇描述。诗人自叙在大赦圣年的1300年春 天,正当自己35岁的人生中途。是年 4月 8日, 诗 人迷失于一座黑暗的森林之中, 正当他努力向山峰 攀登时,唯一的出口又被象征淫欲、强暴和贪婪的 母豹、雄狮和母狼拦住去路。诗人惊慌不已,进退 维谷。值此危急关头,罗马大诗人维吉尔突然出现, 他受已成为天使的但丁精神上的恋人贝阿特丽齐之 托, 救但丁脱离险境,并游历地狱和炼狱。在维吉 尔的带领下,但丁首先进入地狱,但见阴风怒号, 恶浪翻涌,其情可怖,其景惊心。地狱分九层,状 如漏斗,越往下越小。 居住于此的, 都是生前犯 有重罪之人。他们的灵魂依罪孽之轻重,被安排在 不同层面中受永罚。这里有贪官污吏、伪君子、邪 恶的教皇、买卖圣职者、盗贼、淫媒、诬告犯、高 利贷者,也有贪色、贪吃、易怒的邪教徒。诗人最 痛恨卖国贼和背主之人,把他们放在第九层,冻在 冰湖里,受酷刑折磨。