华南理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
华南理工大学英语B模拟试题
华南理工大学英语B模拟试题集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]2017学年度期末考试《大学英语B（一）》模拟题答案教学中心：专业层次：学号：姓名：座号：注意事项：1．本试卷共五大题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟，闭卷；2．考前请将以上各项信息填写清楚；3．所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试卷、草稿纸上无效；5．考试结束，试卷、答题纸、草稿纸一并交回。
College English Achievement TestBand OnePart IUse of English (10 points)Directions:There are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialog there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上1.----How are you doing, Frank---- __________________.A.Great, thanks!B.How are you doingC.How do you doD.It’s nice meeting you!2. ----I was told that you might have failed in the exam.----________________A.Are you rightB.Are you happyC.Are you seriousD.Are you tired3. ----What color is your favorite----________________.A.Yellow is my favoriteB.You are my favoriteC.I don’t have favoritesD.It’s my favorite4. ----________________----Great! Walking is one of my favorite pastimesB.Don’t you love walkingA.What are your feelingsabout walkingC.Let’s walk outside, shallD.Do you care for walkingwe5. ----May I ask if you enjoy taking a walk after super----________________A.Yes, I mayB.No, I may not.C.Walking is good.D.I’ve always liked walking.6. ----How do you like your steak----________________A.I like my steak.B.I dislike it.C.Rare. Please.D.I can’t bear it.7. ----Our basketball team is doing very well today!----________________A.No problemB.I quite understand.C.Yes, please!D.Really8. ---- ________________----I must say wining this award was a great surprise to me.B.I will win the award.A.Congratulation! You arethe winner of the award!C.Jack has won the highestD.I’ll attend the award show.award9. ----Your service is first-rate!----________________.A.I appreciate your help.B.Thank you all the same.C.I’m much obliged to you.D.Thank you for saying so.10. ---- Do you want me to have a look at your car----__________________.A.Yes, I want you.B.Yes, you have it.C.No, thanksD.No, you don’t want.Part II. Reading Comprehension (45points)Directions:There are3passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions. For each question there are4choices marked A, B, C, and D. Please choose the best answer to the question.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上Passage OneHave you ever heard the expression that goes: “What you see is what you get” When I was a little kid my grandfather used to tell me: “If you look at a tree long enough, it will move.” I didn’t understand this at that time. But when I grew up I finally realized that the message behind his words is that we see what we want to see.Psychologists tell us that nothing controls our lives more thanour self image. We live like the person we see in the mirror. We are what we think we are. If you don’t think you will be successful, you will not. You cannot be it, if you cannot see it. Your life islimited to your vision. If you want to change your life, you must change your vision of your life.Arnold Schwarzenegger was not that famous in 1976 when he metwith a newspaper reporter. The repo rter asked Schwarzenegger: “Now that you have retired from bodybuilding, what do you plan to donext” Schwarzenegger answered very calmly and confidently: “I am going to be the best movie star in Hollywood.” The reporter was shocked and amused at Schwarzen egger’s plan. At that time, it was very hard to imagine how this muscle-bound bodybuilder, who was not a professional actor and who spoke poor English with a strong Austrian accent, could ever hope to be Hollywood’s best movie star!So the reporter asked Schwarzenegger how he planned to make his dream come true. Schwarzenegger answered: “I will do it the same way I became the best bodybuilder in the world. What I do is to create a vision of who I want to be; then I start living like person in mymind as if it were already true.”Sounds almost childishly simple, doesn’t it But it worked! Schwarzenegger did become the highest paid movie star in Hollywood! And later he achieved another of his goals – to start his political career and served the people of Calif ornia as the state’s 38th governor from 2003 to 2010! Remember: “If you can see it, you can be it!11.What does it mean by“What you see is what you get”A.When you look at something long enough, you will eventuallyget it.B.You can move a tree by looking at it.C.You can only get what you can see.D.Only when you have a strong wish to get something can youhave a clear vision of the future.12.What can you learn about ‘self image’ from psychologists.A.Self image is the self we see in the mirror.B.Self image is what we think about ourselves.C.Self image is what we want to see about the self in themirror.D.Self image is about what we think others might think ofourselves.13.According to the author, if you want to become a certain type ofperson, you needto __________.A.often look at yourself in the mirrorB.think twice before you actC.build a strong determination about whom or what you want tobecomeD.change your vision of your life14.Which of the following statements is NOT true aboutSchwarzeneggerA.He was not that famous in 1976.B.He used to be a successful bodybuilder.C.He was a professional actor.D.He was the President of the United States of America.15.What message does the author want to convey to the readersA.Everyone should see what he gets.B.Everyone should create a positive vision about his life.C.Everyone should pay attention to his self image.D.Everyone should learn from Arnold Schwarzenegger.Passage TwoDo other animals besides humans cryThe answer to the question is ‘Yes, and no’. All animals with mobile eyes have the ability to cry, just as we humans do. They have a tearing system that keeps their eyes wet so as to protect them from dry sand, dusts, and other elements. People often tell tales of animals such as elephants and dogs weeping when punished. However, even if such an animal does shed tears, there is no scientific evidence that the animal is expressing the tear-related emotions similar to those when humans cry.But what about when a baby chimp or ape whimpers and screams when it’s being separated from its mother, can we say with some certainty that the animal is crying Taking away the babies does encourage care-giving such as feeding and protecting from the mother apes, but it is uncertain whether the baby apes feel the same way as baby humans do when they cry.In fact, it’s not clear that crying and other emotional displays mean exactly the same thing to all humans. For instance, there is awide range of emotions that prompt people to cry, and some kinds of weeping, such as crying at a stranger’s wedding, seem to be cultural responses.In addition, some people are autistic. That means they prefer being alone than being with other people, especially in large crowds. These people are said to have less ability in expressing their emotions, but research also has shown that it’s more that their expressions and their reactions to the emotional expressions of others are unusual. Different. But does that mean that their sadness is different somehowSo even if apes can be said with some certainty to be feeling emotions, then there is the problem of figuring out to what extent what they feel resembles what humans feel.16.What does the author mean by“Yes, and no”in line 1, paragraph1A.Other animals besides humans cryB.No other animals besides humans cryC.Animals cry but do not cry like humansD.Animals cry but humans do not cry17.Which of the following statement is trueA.All animals have mobile eyesB.All animals have a tearing systemC.Tearing system keeps animals’ eyes wetD.Animals cry when being punished18.Baby chimps or apes cry because__________.A.they are being separated from their mothersB.the reason is not clearC.they feel the same way as baby humans doD.they need to be fed and protected19.Why human beings cryA.There a wide range of reasons.B.People cry because they attend a stranger’s wedding.C.Crying means exactly the same thing to all humans.D.Because of cultural responses.20.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.A.it is uncertain to say to what extent apes feel the sameemotions as humansB.it is sure that apes can feel emotionsC.some people prefer being alone because they’re not good atcommunicationD.people’s emotions are differentPassage ThreeDistance learning is a program that allows students to take classes online.Online classes offer on-campus classes, with the convenience of working at home, and the flexibility of creating your own schedule.Anna attends her online class in her pajamas. She gets away with it because her classroom is in her home. Anna is a full-time student learning from distance, and full time mother. She likes the online option becau se of its flexibility. “I don’t have to sit in classwith my two little ones in day care. Instead, I can jump online anytime I like during the day,” said Anna who is preparing for a nursing degree. “What I liked most was the fact that I didn’t haveto trav el to another place, and I could work at my own place,” she said in an e-mail.Online students must be organized. Self-discipline and motivation are also important. Diana is a math instructor who has been teachingonline classes for five and a half years. She had students who participated from far way. Many are returning students who have been working. They are focused on their goals, and are comfortable working hard.Taking classes online can have some unexpected benefits. For instance, the need to communicate questions by e-mail compels students to become better written communicators.Also, you don’t have to worry about appearance. Michael, a current online student, said in an e-mail, “I can just roll out of bed and not worry about how messy my hair is.”Anna included not having to fight for parking or paying for gas as added tuition fee.Taking classes online does have some drawbacks. Students complain about the difficulties of communicating online. Instructors complain about the students’ ability t o use digital media.Online classes can end up taking more time than on-campus versions. “An online student should expect to spend at least 15 hours a week working on their assignments,” said Diana the math teacher. Theextra time is needed because students must clearly demonstrate understanding of the material through email and online quizzes.21.__________is the most important feature of online or distancelearning.A.A hard-working and motivated studentB.Studying online from a computer anywhereC.A good course bookD.Flexible timetable22.Distance learning allows Anna__________.A.to study her favorite subjectB.to understand how to be a full-time motherC.to become a nurseD.to work on her study at home while taking care of her childrenparing with the traditional classroom learners, onlinelearners have tobe__________.A.highly motivatedB.disciplinedC.well-organizedD.All of the above24.In the following statements, which is NOT the advantage ofdistance learningA.You can learn from home, wherever your home is.B.You don’t need to care about your appearance when attendingthe class.C.You can meet and talk to a lot of nice people.D.You can attend the class anytime of the day, totally dependingon your timetable.25.According to the text, what is the drawback of distance learningA.Online classes can sometimes be time-consuming.B.You cannot wear your favorite clothes to classes.C.There is no one answering your questions.D.Distance learning gives you a comfortable place to work in.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions:There are10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上26.As an adult, you’re perfectly________of making your own decision once you have the information you need.A.capableB.ableC.probableD.acceptable27.He is very optimistic, and always holds a________attitude towards life.A.negativeB.positiveC.activeD.attentive28.Views on childcare may________considerably between the parents.A.takeB.differC.rangeD.have29.In this scene, the camera________on the actor’s face so that the audience can see clearly his facial expression.A.majorB.minorC.focusD.light30.Keep________mind that every word I said to you.A.byB.onC.forD.in31.After studying abroad for nine years, he misses his families verymuch. He is________ forhome.A.longingB.missingC.wishingD.waiting32.When the judge asked her if she was guilty or not guilty.She________ her shoulders, looked the judge in the eye, and said, “Not guilty.”A.wavedB.squaredC.openedD.broadened33.She would have liketo_______with him the joy she had feltA.waitB.avoidC.shareD.return34.Our trip plans are still up_______the air.A.aboveB.toC.amongD.in35. We chose the house for our home ________ we saw itA.as long asB.as soon asC.no sooner thanD.for fear thatPart IV Translation (20points)Directions:For this part, there are 5 English sentences, pleases translate theminto Chinese. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.此部分题用签字笔或圆珠笔做在主观题答题区40.It is agoodplan as far as it goes, but there are a lot of thingsthey haven’t thought of.就目前进展情况而言，这是一个好的计划，但是还有许多事情他们没有考虑到。
医学博士外语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
医学博士外语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：W: How is Bill? I heard that he’ s got his ankle hurt severely. M: Well, that jolly fellow is in good shape now.Q: What do we learn about Bill from this conversation?1．A．He has hurt his uncle severely.B．He benefits a lot from doing exercises.C．He is very happy to have a better figure now.D．He is in good health now.正确答案：D解析：文中指出Bill脚踝受伤了，但现在已经in good shape即“处于良好的健康状况”，故D项正确。
听力原文：M: What kind of father am I? My only son almost died and I didn’ t even know he was ill.W: Don’ t blame yourself. You are too busy to pay attention to him. If his mother were still alive, things would have been much better. Q: Why does the man blame himself?2．A．His only son is dying.B．His mother died some years ago.C．He didn’ t look after his sick wife.D．He hasn’ t taken good care of his son.正确答案：D解析：从男子的话“I didn’t even know he was ill”可以看出他为没有照看好儿子而自责，故D项正确。
华东理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
华东理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Passage11Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep.Dream events are imaginary,but they are related to real Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi experiences and needs in the dreamer's life.They seem real while they are taking place.Some dreams are pleasant,others are annoying,and still others are frightening.Everyone dreams,but some persons never recall dreaming.Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams.No one recalls all his dreams.Dreams involve little logical thought.In most dreams,the dreamer cannot control what happens to him.The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life.People see in most dreams,but they may also hear,smell,touch, and taste in their dreams.Most dreams occur in color.but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind.They include events and feelings that he has experienced.Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams.Few events more than two days old turn up.Deep wishes or fears-especially those held since childhood-often appear in dreams,andmany dreams fulfil such wishes.Events in the sleeper's surrounding-a loud noise,for example,may become part of a dream,but they do not cause dreams.Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has.Psychiatrists（精神病医生）often use material from a patient's dreams to help the person understand himself better.Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability,memory,and emotional adjustment.People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream-become anxious and restless.51.This passage is mainly about.A）why we dream during sleep B）how we dream during sleep C）what dreams are D）what benefits dreams bring to people52.According to the passage,dreams result from.A）the sleeper's wishes B）the sleeper's imaginationC）the sleeper's feeling D）the sleeper's own mind53.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought.B）Dream is related to the dreamer's real life.C）Dream is an imaginary store which seems real while taking place.D）Dream involves events that always happen in real life.54.This passage suggests that psychiatrists are.A）trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams.B）trying to make the sleeper dream logically.C）studying the benefits of dreams.D）helping the sleeper fulfill his dreams55.We may infer form the passage that dreaming.A）is beneficial to people B）disturbs people's lifeC）makes people always restless D）deprives people of a good sleepPassage12According to psychologists（心理学家）,an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good.When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him,we call this emotion fear.if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it,we call the emotion anger.The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us.An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.it can be created by a person's thoughts.Everyone has emotions.Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write.A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion:positive and negative.Positive emotions include love,liking,joy,delight, and hope.They are aroused by something that appeals to a person.Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied.They include anger,fear,despair,sadness,and disgust.in growing up,a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong.Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them.in order to feel happy,the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing.For example,a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.56.We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something.A）one thinks bad or good B）one feels in dangerC）one faces in the outside world D）one tries to escape from real life57.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Children learn emotions as they grow up.B）Babies are born with emotions.C）Emotions fall into two types in general.D）People can cope with the negative emotions in life.58.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to.A）explain why people have emotionsB）show how people avoid the negative emotionsC）explain what people should do before emotionsD）define and classify people's emotions59.We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam ifA）he can not think properly B）he can't pay attention to itC）he can't pay attention to it D）he is not full of energy60.As used in the last sentence,the word drains means.A）stops B）ties C）weakens D）flows graduallyPassage13Faces,like fingerprints,are unique.Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people?Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.Yet a very young child-or even an animal,such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces.We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave.When we talk about someone's personality,we mean the ways in which he or she acts,speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face,human personality is very complex.But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face.if you were asked to describe what anice facelooked like,you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe anice person,you might begin to think about someone who was kind,considerate,friendly,warm,and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks,feels and acts.Gordon all ports,an American psychologist,found nearly18000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior.And many of us use this information as a basis for describing,or typing, his personality.Bookworms,conservatives,military types-people are described with such terms.People have always tried totypeeach other.Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's（坏人）or the hero's role.In fact,the wordspersonandpersonalitycome from the Latin persona, meaningmask.Today,most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell thegood guysfrom thebad guysbecause the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.61.The main idea of this passage is.A）how to distinguish people's facesB）how to describe people's personalityC）how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD）how to differ good persons from bad persons62.The author is most probably a.A）behaviorist B）psychologist C）writer D）sociologist63.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Different people may have different personalities.B）People differ from each in appearance.C）People can learn to recognize faces.D）People can describe all the features of others.64.The reason why it is easier to describe a person's personality in words than his face is that.A）a person's face is more complex than his personalityB）a person's personality is easily distinguishedC）people's personalities are very alikeD）many words are available when people try to describe one's personality65.We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to.A）his way of acting and thinkingB）his way of speaking and behavingC）his learning and behaviorD）his physical appearance and his personalityPassage14Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.It may be walking,cycling or swimming,or in winter,skating or skiing.it may be a game of some kind football,hockey（曲棍球）,golf,of tennis, it may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship,and to take risks on high mountains?This astonishment is caused probably by the difference betweenmountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no man-made rules,as there re for such games as golf and football.There are, of course,rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore,but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports,we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a'team game'.We should be mistaken in this.There are,it is true,no'matches'between'teams'of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend,there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year.A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty,and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men,but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort,and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.66.Mountaineering is a sport which involves.A）hardship C）physical risk B）cold D）all of the above67.The main difference between a sport and a game lies in.A）uniform C）rules B）activity D）skills68.Mountaineering is also a team sport because.A）it involves rulesB）it involves matches between teamsC）it requires mental and physical qualitiesD）mountaineers depend on each other while climbing69.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Mountaineers compete against each other.B）Mountaineers compete against other teams.C）Mountaineers compete against nature.D）Mountaineers compete against international standard.70.What is the best title for the passage?A）MountaineeringB）Mountain ClimbersC）Mountaineering is Different from Golf and FootballD）Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other SportsPassage15There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There are, however,vastly different ideas about how to teach it,or how muchpriority（优先）it must be given over general language development and writing ability.The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely toplay safe.He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language.That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation（动力）to seek improvement.71.Teachers are different in their opinions about.A）the necessity of teaching spellingB）the role of spelling in general language developmentC）the way of teaching spellingD）the complexities of the basic writing skills72.As used in the second paragraph,the expressionplay safemostprobably means.A）to spell correctly B）to write smoothly C）to avoid using words one is not sure of D）to use dictionaries frequently73.Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so that.A）students will be able to write more freely B）students will be more skillful in writingC）students will be more confident in writing D）students will be independent enough74.The author's tone is.A）ironic C）satirical B）practical D）critical75.This passage mainly discusses.A）the necessity of spellingB）the role of developing writing skillsC）the complexities of spellingD）the relationship between spelling and the content of writing参考答案Passage111.C2.D3.D4.C5.APassage121.A2.B3.D4.B5.CPassage131.C2.B3.D4.D5.DPassage141.D2.C3.D4.C5.APassage151.B2.C3.C4.D5.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never______his early promise.A．completedB．performedC．concludedD．fulfilled正确答案：D解析：本题测试动词与promise的搭配。
只有fulfill与promise搭配表示“实现诺言”。
知识模块：词汇2．Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its ______ and movement in and through land areas.A．flowB．absorptionC．distributionD．evaporation正确答案：C解析：本题空格处是说包括它的分布和运动。
C项distribution“分布”符合题意。
其他三项flow“流动”，absorption“吸收”，evaporation“蒸发”都不正确。
知识模块：词汇3．Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of______love.A．extravagantB．prominentC．prescientD．eternal正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说结婚戒指是永恒爱情的象征。
D项eternal“永恒的”符合题意，如：Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs!(革命先烈永垂不朽!)其他三项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的”，prominent“卓越的，显著的”，prescient“预见的，先知的”都不正确。
考博英语分类模拟题2019年(33)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语分类模拟题2019年(33)(总分30, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage OneOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is of course the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasersafter they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover.Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for—how much better to change the image, the packet or pile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, anydoctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put the right, just as advertising does—"Run down? You need..." "No one will dance with you? A dab of... will make you popular."Advertising man use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post for support rater than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an <em>unimpeachable</em> authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses uncovered almost as much as anyone else.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.•** our image of the kind of person we ought to be like•** with the privacy of our home life•** forces us into buying things we don't want** us no matter where we travelA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:D根据文章第一段“Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashe s messages to us in coloured lights all night.”可知，它的喧嚣主宰着我们的生活。
考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionOne of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea [aquatic mammals] has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks. Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the “big bang”theory of cetacean predation. Ken Norris, natural history professor, believes that rather than use their teeth to attack their victims, toothed whales stun their prey with intense bursts of sound. He points out that all 68 species of odontocetes (a sub-order that includes dolphins) use sound to locate their victims, and suggests this ability may have evolved to the point where it could be used as a weapon. Millions of years ago, the ancestors of whales had a narrow tapered jaw, streamlined for speed and bristling with long rows of sharp teeth. Today odontocetes are not adapted to surprising their prey or trapping it quickly. Most are more bulky than their forebearers; their teeth are short and unevenly spaced when they exist at all. Norris suggests that because of their sonar ability, whales’ teeth have become vestigial, like the human appendix. It is difficult to test the big bang theory because in captivity, cetaceans tend to moderate their sonar so as not to deafen other creatures in their small, highly reflective tanks. Dolphins are known to politely turn off their echolocation systems when passing one another. And in the wild it’s hard to tell whether a sound came from a nearby animal or form another very far away. But Norris points to the male narwhal as tacit proof of his theory. This whale has no teeth, and the single spiral tusk that extends about eight feet in front of him would seem to be more of an impediment than an aid in catching shrimp, his preferred feed. “You look at these animals and you wonder what’s going on.”1．The underlined word enigma means ______.A．debateB．factC．mysteryD．proof正确答案：C解析：enigma难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等；奥秘2．The primary purpose of this passage is to ______.A．argue for a ban on the capture of whales and dolphinsB．describe the evolution of whalesC．report a possible explanation for the lack of teeth marks on whales’ victims D．reveal the flaws in the “big bang” theory of cetacean predation正确答案：C解析：文章第一段第一句”One of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea(aquatic mammals)has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks”描述了一个难以解释的现象，即在有牙齿的鲸鱼腹内发现的生物身上并没有齿痕；接下来第二句“Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the” big bang “theory of cetacean predation”，针对前面的现象提出了一种理论”big bang” theory来予以解释，后面几段一直在围绕这种理论展开介绍和评论，因此选C。
华南理工大学考博英语样题
华南理工大学考博英语样题Ｐart I. Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear several short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the questions. Mark your choice on the ANSWERSHEET by blackening the corresponding letter you have chosen.1. [A] At the airport. [B] At a travel agency.[C] At the post office. [D] At a stationery store.2. [A] He wasn't in the picture. [B] He left the park in a hurry.[C] He couldn't run fast enough. [D] He didn't have enough film.3. [A] He won't clean anything until tomorrow morning.[B] He never cleans his desk in the morning.[C] He's already cleaned his desk today.[D] He went to the cleaner's earlier4. [A] His roommate has it with him. [B] It isn't really about Texas.[C] He doesn't know where it is. [D] He can't lend it out.5. [A] His bill was very high.[B] He doesn't care how much the salary is.[C] He was careful not to spend too much.[D] He didn't pay any more than she did.6. [A] His pen. [B] His suitcase.[C] His passport. [D] His hotel reservation.7. [A] Whether Dave's arm hurts.[B] Whether Dave broke his arm.[C] When Dave will be paying for the window.[D] When Dave broke the window8. [A] Both bags cost the same per pound.[B] The man shouldn't Spend so much money on potatoes.[C] She always buys the same size bag.[D] She doesn't usually eat any potatoes.9. [A] Working with a different lamp. [B] Changing the light bulb.[C] Fixing the desk tomorrow [D] Getting a better quality lamp.l0. [A] She thinks the other meeting would have been more interesting.[B] She wanted to say something else to the group.[C] She wanted everyone else to be quiet.[D] She was listening carefully to the other people.Section B.Directions: In this section you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the questions. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter you have chosen.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following talk.11. Which year is typical of the l950's according to the talk?A. l953.B. l954.C. l955.D. l956. -12. The talk is mainly concerned with which of the following aspects of United States history?A. The agricultural trends of the l950's.B. The unemployment rate in l955.C. The general economic situation in the I950's.D. The federal budget of l952.13. According to the talk, about how many million people were unemployed in l955?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four14. It can be inferred from the passage that most people in the United States in1955 viewed the national economy with an air of .A. optimismB. confusionC. decisionD. suspicion15. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950's?A. Farmers.B. Economists.C. Politicians.D. Steelworkers.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. When were herbs first used for medical purposes?A. In 10000 BC.B. In 3000 BC.C. In 2698 BC.D. In 1000 BC.17. Who are the most famous herbalists?A. The Chinese.B. The Egyptians.C. The Babylonians.D. The Indians.18. Who was Nicholas Culpeper?A. An English herbalist who tried to help the poor.B. An English scientist.C. An archeologist who studied herbs.D. An English man who bred swans.19. Why did the age of the herbalists come to an end in the West?A. Because Nicholas Culpeper used herbs incorrectly.B. Because people didn't trust Chinese medicine.C. Because people didn't want to help the poor.D. Because Nicholas Culpeper invented new scientific techniques.20. When did the era of modern scientific medicine begin to flourish?A. The 14th century.B. The 11th centuryC. The l7th centuryD. The 7th centuryPart II: Use of English (l0 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and marked A, B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Unlike many ants, trees grow slowly. Thirty to eighty years are necessary before a tree grows to the right size for harvesting as lumber or pulpwood. But a tree crop can be a good investment for a landowner or farmer, since trees will grow on the parts of his land where ordinary crops will not grow.Trees 21 much more than provide lumber for home building. They provide raw materials for making paper, plastics, synthetics, turpentine, and other products. Even more important, trees protect the nation's water supply by holding 22 erosion and keeping water in the soil.America once had huge natural forests. To start their 23 , pioneers cleared many trees. Later, logging crews 24 by lumber companies moved into other forests. They cut all the valuable trees, and then moved on..There were few 25 to protect our forests or to plant new ones until the beginning of the presentcentury. Then, 26 with forest experts, government officials, and landowners, the lumber companies began planning to support the planting of new forests. The American Tree Far System, begun during World War II, is one of the plans that grew 27 this cooperation.Landowners who wish to establish tree farms can get help from a professional. state-employed forester, or from an association of lumber companies. They can get 28 on what kind of trees to plant and how to care for them. Landowners must protect their trees by keeping grazing animals 29 and by removing dead or diseased trees. They must keep replanting, so that young trees are growing at all times to replace those 30 for cutting.Some tree farms are small woodlots. Others cover thousands of acres. All together, they are of great value to the United States and its people.21. A. create B. devote C. have D. do22. A. on B. down C. back D. off23. A. production B. farms C. crops D. factories24. A. controlled B. distributed C. employed D. monitored25. A. forces B. hardships C. efforts D. struggles26. A. working B. going C. staying D. together27. A. out of B. from C. upon D. up28. A. courage B. advice C. confidence D. lesson29. A. under B. away C. from D. out30. A. standing B. caring C. safe D. readyPart III. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEETPassage 1Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth-century painters of the United States, yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: ' I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.' No one could have had a more Productive old age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls ('We came in bunches, like radishes.') At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty-seven, she married Thomas Noses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in l927.Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and weresoon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930's and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. 'I think real hard till I think of something real Pretty and then I paint it,' she said.31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Grandma Moses: A Biographical Sketch[B] The Children of Grandma Moses[C] Grandma Moses: Her Best Exhibition[D] Grandma Moses and other Artists32. According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to .[A] decorate her room[B] keep active[C] improve her salary[D] gain an international reputation33. From Grandma Moses' description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was .[A] independent[B] pretty[C] wealthy[D] timid34. Grandma Moses spent most of her life .[A] nursing[B] painting[C] embroidering[D] farmingPassage 2Alfred Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize, was born into a family Where research and experimentation were almost second nature. His father Immanuel, out of work and penniless, tested his theories of explosives in a laboratory set up in their house. Unfortunately, the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor.Alfred Nobel worked alongside his father, and by l850, when he was l7, Alfred had acquired most of his father's knowledge of and enthusiasm for chemistry. Although numerous other scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine, Alfred was the one who finally managed to turn thisdangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. He succeeded in developing dynamite commercially, which laid the foundation for many of the world's leading chemical enterprises. Aside from introducing the innovative Nobel Ignitor in 1864 and dynamite in l866, Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever methods for the production of synthetic silk and was involved in electrochemical, telecommunications, and safety alarm systems as well.Alfred Nobel was a dedicated scientist who became very rich applying his knowledge of chemistry. His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material led him to leave some of his millions to reward individuals who made substantial contributions to certain areas of science. It was natural that he would include chemistry as one of those branches, especially since the end of the nineteenth century brought rapid advancements in the field.35. According to the passage, What is true about Alfred Nobel's father Immanuel?[A] He was never able to capitalize on his work in chemistry.[B] He was not instrumental in developing his son's enthusiasm for chemistry.[C] He turned his knowledge of chemistry into a profitable business.[D] He shared in the work of his son Alfred.36. According to the passage, the power of nitroglycerine . .[A] was first recognized by Immanuel Nobel[B] was never utilized well by chemical enterprises[C] was most fully developed by Alfred Nobel[D] lay in its intrigue for many scientists37. Which of the following conclusions about Alfred Nobel can be drawn from the passage?[A] His talents lay almost exclusively in the area of explosives.[B] He was reluctant to bequeath a large part of his wealth towards promoting scientific research..[C] He chose to work independently of other scientists.[D] He was a major contributor to the rapid progress in chemistry in the late nineteenth century.38. According to the passage, Alfred Nobel made important progress in developing all of the following items EXCEPT .[A] nitrocellulose[B] rubber and leather[C] synthetic silk[D] safety alarm devices39. It can be inferred from the passage that Alfred Nobel later viewed his invention of dynamite .[A] with much concern for its negative effects on mankind[B] as a minor achievement in his long career[C] with satisfaction regarding its impact on chemical enterprises[D] as a natural outgrowth of his father's trainingPassage 3If there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail; it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation, analyze it and learn why you fail. Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat Prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to Pull it away he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater Strength every time you are defeated. If you exploit the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of.40. what does the author know?[A] He knows at lest several cases of success.[B] He knows every success in life.[C] It's not mentioned in the passage.[D] He knows every success that has been achieved by man.41. The person who was able to analyze defeat is likely .[A] to achieve success[B] to be a successor[C] to profit from success[D] to confuse with failure42. Defeat is valuable .[A] because it makes you succeed[B] because it helps you to face it without humiliation[C] orders you to confuse defeat with failure[D] because it compels you to arouse a desire to succeed.Passage 4The building crane, Which has become the most striking feature of the urban landscape in Switzerland, is beginning to alter the mountain 1andscape as well. District of the Swiss Alps, Which up to now have consisted of only a few disconnected small communities content with selling cheese and milk, perhaps a little lumber and seed potatoes, are today becoming parts ofplanned, developing regions. The new highway, the new ski-lift, the new multi-nationally-owned hotel will diversify the economy and raise the standard of living in the mountain areas, or so many Swiss regional planners and government officials hope.The mountainous area of Switzerland, which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the total area of the country and only l2 percent of the total population, has always been the problem area. According to the last census in l970, 750,000 people lived in the Swiss mountains. Compared with the rest of the country, incomes are lower, services are fewer, employment opportunities are more limited and populations are decreasing. In fact, in only one respect do mountain districts come out ahead. They have more farmers, Which many people do not consider to be an advantage. Seventeen per cent of the Swiss mountain population works in primary occupations, in contrast to only 8 percent of the total population of the country.The mountain farmers are a special breed of men. They work at least twelve hours a day in topographical and weather conditions which kill most crops and which only a few animals will tolerate. About half of them work at some other job as well, leaving their wives and children to do the bulk of the farm work. In the Rhone Valley in the canton of Valais in south-western Switzerland nearly four-fifths of the farmers commute daily from their mountain farmers to the large factories in the valley. In other parts of Switzerland this pattern of life is not as common, but almost everywhere non-farm wintertime employment is the rule.With all the difficulties inherent in working in the Swiss mountains, why should anyone resist any extension of the mountain economy? The answer, as Andreas Werthemann, editor of the Swiss mountain agriculture magazine Alpwirtschaftliche Monatsblatter states, is that "when tourism becomes too massive, farming disappears." And basically there are three reasons why Switzerland needs its mountain farmer; they contribute to the food supply, they preserve the landscape, and they represent the Switzer1and of nostalgia and holiday dreams.But in the real world, and especially in highly industrialized Switzerland where mountain farmers are aware of the "benefits" of city living, is it possible to maintain mountain agriculture and still solve the problems of mountain communities? The Swiss government has come to the conclusion that other kinds employment in addition to farming must be emphasized. Yet whether it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agriculture is unknown.43. The building crane represents .A. the construction of hotels, ski-lifts, etc.B. parts of p1anned, developing regionsC. the districts of the Swiss AlpsD. the machine with a long arm used for lifting and moving heavy weighs44. The majority of farmers in the Rhone Valley .A. do the great part of the farm work in the valleyB. work in factories in the valley and travel from their farms in the mountains dailyC. work long hours a dayD. work at some other job besides farm work45. Apart from supplying food, the farmers care for the landscape and .A. offer tourists many advantagesB. form an essentia1 part of the picture of Switzerland that tourists imagineC. develop animal husbandry in mountain areasD. solve the problems of mountain communities46. The magazine editor, Andreas Werthemann, takes a different attitude towards the farms in that he thinks .A. other kinds of employment apart from farming, must be encouragedB. it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agricultureC. mountain farmers are aware of the benefits of city livingD. if tourism is allowed to spread too far, farming will disappearPassage 5Volcanoes have been erupting on the earth for millions of years. More than five hundred still erupt today .These are called active volcanoes. Volcanoes are located in belts or chains. They are found where the earth's crust is weak. The weak spots let the hot rock escape when the volcano erupts. Many volcano belts are mountain ranges along the edges of continents. One belt runs along the western coast of South America up through the western part of the United States. Other volcanoes are found in oceans basins.About three-fifths of all active volcanoes in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Many of these volcanoes erupt under the water. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that began erupting under water and finally reached the surface of the ocean.47. The selection says that about five hundred volcanoes .A. wil1 erupt this yearB. are still activeC. are located under waterD. are all that have ever been discovered48. Volcanoes are found .A. Where the earth's crust is weakB. in belts or chainsC. in the ocean basins of the worldD. all of the above49. Most of the active volcanoes are located in .A. South AmericaB. the Pacific OceanC. the western United StatesD. the Atlantic Ocean50. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that .A. began erupting under waterB. formed a mountain ranger under waterC. finally reached the surface of the oceanD. both [A] and [C]Part IV English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.One night in March, I returned home and found my nine-year-old daughter Emma quietly crying. She attends our neighborhood public elementary school in a suburb of Tokyo. "I don't want to go to school anymore" she said. (51)Emma was suffering from something that is sad but all too common inJapanese schools: bullying.Bullying takes many forms. "Boys kick and punch, but girls use their mouths," Emma said to her father. Three girls in her c1ass were trying to ostracize her. Like all the students, Emma walks to school. (52)In the morning those female classmates ran away screaming when they spotted Emma, as if they had seen something terrible. In the classroom they whispered among themselves while looking at her.This can happen to any child. One week later, Emma found out it was somebody else's turn. This time, another girl was picked on because she sits in a certain pose, with her spine erect. Sitting differently is enough to attract teasing. (53)Naturally Emma does not like to stand out; individual excellence as well as physical differences encourage bullying. Her father is British, so she looks slightly different from the others. Her hair is a lighter shade than that of most Japanese children, and so is her skin. Emma was not really aware of these differences until she entered school. When she was a first-grader, she often said, "Mummy, I want to look 1ike you" During those days, she was reluctant to go out alone with her father because together they drew stares.(54)A child's desire to be like others is encouraged by school policies. Japanese public primary education emphasizes uniformity and conformity. Although children are free to wear what they like, the school curriculum discourages individualism. Last year, Emma's third-grade c1ass performed on stage a well-known Chinese classic featuring a monkey with magical powers. As there are never enough roles to go around, students share parts. Each of the main characters was performed by two or three students. Everyone has to say a few lines be-cause school policy demands equal opportunities for all. On sports day all the students are divided into three teams --red, blue and yellow. The teams compete for an overall championship. There are no individual events. End-of-term school records also downplay as long as they try hard. The grades don't necessarily reflect a child's achievement. Parents often find out only when their children go on to junior high school that they haven't yet mastered their elementary school subjects.Emma can enter our neighborhood junior high automatically, and most of her peers will do so. But neither my husband nor l wants Emma to go to that school because the students there do not 1ook lively or energetic. The principal is not enthusiastic about installing classrooms with even electric fans in spite of sweltering hot Japanese summers. What he seems to value most is the virtue of perseverance.To enroll in a private junior high school, Emma must compete with other children. For that, she must go to a cram school where she will study far more advanced lessons than she would in ordinary school. Many of her classmates already attend a cram school, and some kids started going when they were three-years-old in order to enter prestigious kindergartens. (55)Those would help them get into prestigious elementary schools, prestigious junior highs, prestigious high schools and eventually prestigious universities to guarantee a successful career.Part V. Writing (20 points)Internet Kill ConversationOr does it? Write a composition of about 200words on this topic, explaining your view on this matter.In the first part of your writing you should sate clearly your viewpoint on this issue. In the second part you should support your viewpoint with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET。
2015年华南理工大学考博英语真题
1101华南理工大学2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语(A卷)适用专业：全校所有专业Passage 1The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of e veryone’s daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.A.1). The author’s attitude tow ards the current situation in the exploitation ofnatural resources is___.A) positive B) neutral C) suspicious D) critical2). According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that________.A) they had no idea about scientific forestryB) they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC) they were not aware of the significance of nature studyD) they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials3). It can be inferred from th e passage that earlier generations didn’t realize________.A) the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB) the importance of the proper land useC) the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD) the extraordinary rapid growth of population4). With a view to correcting the mistakes of our forefathers, the authorsuggests that ________.A) we plant more treesB) we be taught environmental science, as well as the science of plantsC) environmental education be directed toward everyoneD) we return to nature5). What does the author imply by saying “living space … is figured …also in cubic volume above the earth” (lines 8 - 9, Para. 3)?A) Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.B) Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.C) We need to take some measures to protect space.D) We must create better living conditions for both birds and animals.Passage 2Material culture refers to the toucha ble, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used —that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphonyorchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution”, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.6).Research into the material culture of a nation’s is of great importance because___________.A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB) it can reflect the development of the nationC) it helps understand the nation’s past and presentD) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization7). It can be learned from this passage that ________.A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB) Near Eastern music had influence on the instruments in the symphony orchestraC) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD) the musical instruments in the symphony were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music8). According to the author, music notation is important because________.A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB) it tends to standard folk sings when it is used by folk musiciansC) it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs9).It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music_____.A) has brought about an information revolutionB) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computersC) has given rise to new forms of music cultureD) has given to the transformation of traditional musical instruments10). Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner later be replaced by computers.B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.C) Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D) The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect. Part III. TRANSLATION AND WRITING (70 points)Directions: Read the following text and finish Task A and Task B respectively.The United States is in the midst of an energy revolution. (1)We have led the world in combined oil and natural gas production for three years running, pushing ahead of energy exporters like Russia and Saudi Arabia. Electricity generation from renewables is soaring as well: wind generation has tripled since 2008 and generation from solar is up more than tenfold. Meanwhile, U.S. gasoline consumption—which as recently as 2005 was projected to rise steadily into the future—has actually fallen 5 percent since that time. This has contributed to cutting our oil imports nearly in half, helping to narrow the U.S. trade deficit to its smallest share of GDP since the 1990s.Much of this revolution has been driven by a dynamic private energy sector which has furnished the new innovations and the entrepreneurial risk-taking necessary for these historic increases in American energy production. But it has been supported and advanced by the three prongs of the Administration’s All-of-the-Above energy strategy: supporting economic growth and job creation; enhancing U.S. energy security, and laying the foundation for a clean energy future.This All-of-the-Above energy strategy is not merely compatible with reduced greenhouse gas emissions, it is an essential part of how we achieve that goal. At the same time that we have seen this energy boom, we have also seen a 10 percent reduction in carbon emissions from 2007 to 2013—the largestimproving energy efficiency at existing coal-fired power plants;increasing utilization of existing natural gas plants;adding new low-emission power sources like wind and nuclear; and increased energy efficiency.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
华南理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Passage1Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past20years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language,and throw new light on an old scientific controversy:whether language,complete with grammar, is something that we are born with,or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington,D.C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English,the school enrolled him in a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves,students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code,each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time,American Sign Language(ASL)was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语).But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer.He wondered:Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?And could that language be unlike any other on Earth?It was1955,when even deaf people dismissed their signing as Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi“substandard”. Stokoe's idea was academic heresy.It is37years later.Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English,French and Japanese.They assumed language must be based on speech,the modulation(调节)of sound.But sign language is based on the movement of hands,the modulation of space.“What I said,”Stokoe explains,“is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff.”1.The study of sign language is thought to be______.A)a new way to look at the learning of languageB)a challenge to traditional views on the nature of languageC)an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD)an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language2.The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by______.A)a famous scholar in the study of the human brainB)a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC)an English teacher in a university for the deafD)Some senior experts in American Sign Language3.According to Stokoe,sign language is______.A)a substandard language B)a genuine languageC)an artificial language D)an international language4.Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought ______.A)sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB)sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC)a language should be easy to use and understandD)a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds5.Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that______.A)sign language is as efficient as any other languageB)sign language is derived from natural languageC)language is a system of meaningful codesD)language is a product of the brainPassage2It came as something of a surprise when Diana,Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in1997,to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines.Within hours of arriving in Angola,television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines.“I knew the statistics,”she said.“But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me;like when I met Sandra,a13-year-old girl who had lost her leg,and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:“We must stop landmines”.And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.But,back in London,her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons.Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press.They described her as“very ill-informed”and a“loose cannon(乱放炮的人)”.The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms:“This is a distraction(干扰)we do not need.All I'm trying to do is help.”Opposition parties,the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess.To make matters worse for the government,it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office,and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.To try and limit the damage,the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkind,claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy，and that it was“working towards”a worldwide ban.The Defence Secretary,Michael Portillo,claimed the matter was“a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how muchdestruction and suffering landmines can cause.She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.1.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in1997______.A)to voice her support for a total ban of landminesB)to clarify the British government's stand on landminesC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims2.What did Diana mean when she said“…putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me”(Line5,Para.1)?A)She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.B)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.C)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.D)Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.3.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she was ill-informed of the government's policyB)they were actually opposed to banning landminesC)she had not consulted the government before the visitD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation inAngola4.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She paid no attention to them.B)She made more appearances on TV.C)She met the13-year-old girl as planned.D)She rose to argue with her opponents.5.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British government.B)It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.C)It had greatly promoted her popularity.D)It had affected her relations with the British government.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。