华南理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
华南理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
Passage1
Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past20years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language,and throw new light on an old scientific controversy:whether language,complete with grammar, is something that we are born with,or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington,D.C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English,the school enrolled him in a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves,students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code,each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time,American Sign Language(ASL)was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语).But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer.He wondered:Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?And could that language be unlike any other on Earth?It was1955,when even deaf people dismissed their signing as Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu
qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi“substandard”. Stokoe's idea was academic heresy.
It is37years later.Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English,French and Japanese.They assumed language must be based on speech,the modulation(调节)of sound.But sign language is based on the movement of hands,the modulation of space.“What I said,”Stokoe explains,“is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff.”
1.The study of sign language is thought to be______.
A)a new way to look at the learning of language
B)a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language
C)an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language
D)an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language
2.The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by______.
A)a famous scholar in the study of the human brain
B)a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts
C)an English teacher in a university for the deaf
D)Some senior experts in American Sign Language
3.According to Stokoe,sign language is______.
A)a substandard language B)a genuine language
C)an artificial language D)an international language
4.Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought ______.
A)sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B)sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted
C)a language should be easy to use and understand
D)a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
5.Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that______.
A)sign language is as efficient as any other language
B)sign language is derived from natural language
C)language is a system of meaningful codes
D)language is a product of the brain
Passage2
It came as something of a surprise when Diana,Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in1997,to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines.Within hours of arriving in Angola,television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines.“I knew the statistics,”she said.“But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me;like when I met Sandra,a13-year-old girl who had lost her leg,and people like her.”
The Princess concluded with a simple message:“We must stop landmines”.And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But,back in London,her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons.Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press.They described her as“very ill-informed”and a“loose cannon(乱放炮的人)”.
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms:“This is a distraction(干扰)we do not need.All I'm trying to do is help.”
Opposition parties,the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess.To make matters worse for the government,it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office,and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage,the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkind,claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy，and that it was“working towards”
a worldwide ban.The Defence Secretary,Michael Portillo,claimed the matter was“a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”
For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much
destruction and suffering landmines can cause.She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.
1.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in1997______.
A)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
B)to clarify the British government's stand on landmines
C)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
2.What did Diana mean when she said“…putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me”(Line5,Para.1)?
A)She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
B)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
C)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
D)Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.
3.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.
A)she was ill-informed of the government's policy
B)they were actually opposed to banning landmines
C)she had not consulted the government before the visit
D)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in
Angola
4.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A)She paid no attention to them.
B)She made more appearances on TV.
C)She met the13-year-old girl as planned.
D)She rose to argue with her opponents.
5.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A)It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B)It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
C)It had greatly promoted her popularity.
D)It had affected her relations with the British government.
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华工大学考博辅导班：2019华南理工大学电力学院考博难度解析及经验分享
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Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B） Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、 华工大考博辅导班：2019华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院考博 难度解析及经验分享 华南理工大学2019年实行公开招考、申请考核、直接攻博以及硕博连读四种考试方式招收攻读博士学位研究生。对于学术型博士研究生，除马克思主义学院、公共管理学院和工商管理学院不实行“申请考核制”外，其他招生学院均实行上述四种招考方式同时进行选拔录取博士研究生。对于工程类专业学位博士研究生，各学院全部采用“申请考核制”考试方式。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院是我国高等学校最早从事计算机科研与教学的单位之一。1958年开始计算机科学研究工作，1960年设立计算机专业，1981年成立计算机系，2001年成立了计算机科学与工程学院，发展至今，计算机学院拥有计算机应用技术1个博士点；有计算机系统结构、计算机软件与理论、计算机应用技术3个工学硕士点和计算机技术、软件工程2个工程硕士点；有计算机科学与技术、计算机软件技术、网络工程、信息安全工程4个本科专业。其中计算机应用技术为广东省重点学科，计算机科学与技术专业为广东省首批名牌专业。学院还拥有计算机科学与技术博士后科研流动站。学院师资力量雄厚，现有教职工95人，专任教师72人，其中博士生导师17人，教授19人，副教授、高级工程师31人。教师中研究生毕业的占88%。每年有数十名优秀硕、博士补充到团队中来。整个学术队伍力量雄厚，年龄结构、知识结构合理，具有学科交叉优势，后备力量强。每年培养博士研究生40余名，硕士研究生（包括工程硕士）300多名。各类在校学生2580人，其中本科生1262人，博士研究生140人，硕士研究生537人，工程硕士研究生358人。 学院近年来先后承担了国家“863”项目、国家发展与改革委员会示范工程项目、国家“九五”和“十五”科技攻关项目以及国家自然科学基金重点项目、教育部高校青年教师教学科研奖励计划项目等大批科技项目，近五年科技项目达350余项，其中纵向项目170余项，经费总额3481多万元，横向项目200多项，经费总额2875多万元。其中承担和完成了数十项与基础软件相关的国家和省部级科学研究与科技攻关项目，获国家和省部级项目的科研经费近3000万元，取得了多项研究成果。在国内外著名学术刊物发表学术论文500多篇，获省部级科技进步一等奖6项、二等奖6项，三等奖8项、申请发明专利10项、软件著作 General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein 华南理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 Passage1 Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past20years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language,and throw new light on an old scientific controversy:whether language,complete with grammar, is something that we are born with,or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington,D.C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English,the school enrolled him in a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves,students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code,each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time,American Sign Language(ASL)was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语).But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer.He wondered:Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?And could that language be unlike any other on Earth?It was1955,when even deaf people dismissed their signing as Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu 2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.Mo Yan is_____as one of China’s most talented writers. A.acclaimed B.claimed C.blamed D.studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。 2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more_____or more controversial than Margaret Mead. A.imaginative B.hard-working C.celebrated D.strong-minded 【答案】C 【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/299647561.html,munication satellites transmit information more_____than do ordinary shortwave radios. A.conveniently B.reliably C.accessibly D.concisely 【答案】B 【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强 北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解
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