2016职称英语新增文章5篇简版中英对照
职称英语C级补全短文(-)
2016职称英语教材-卫生类C级完形填空及参考译文1第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
2016职称英语综合类新增
Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes. We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. __ F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day. It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t noti ce the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3__ A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful. Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. __ E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of. Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking” with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When _ C Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited._ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. __ F They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old. When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. ___ D These babies started using signs about two months later._ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. __ A However, research does not show this._ In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1. There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___E It can be useful because many people understand it.E___ There’s no cl ear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!The Apgar TestThe baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. __D The doctor was worried._ He called for help1.These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. __ E They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.__ Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bo rn. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breath ing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___ A Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score.A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2.Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. __ F Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery._In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a ma ster’s degree in public health. B..She spent the rest of her life doing research and raising money to help newborn babies. Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet JobJohn Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. F He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California._ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___C Next he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. _ D This is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. __B He even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year. Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavorPrimer on SmellIn addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. __D And smell tells us about people.“Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.Even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble — spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. _A These flowers have a rich spiciness that no other petunia has.___ Now let’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.Compared with3animals, how well do people detect smelts?Tha t depends on what you mean by “how well”. We are low on receptor cells ：current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many as a mouse. F A rat has some 10 million, a rabbit 20 million, and a bloodhound 100 million.Reed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “You can hardly find the olfactory bulb inDoes that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute? Not exactly. While we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptors we do have are as sensitive as those of any animal. _E We can also think, and we make conscious (and successful) efforts to tell the difference between one smell and another. A trained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. Reed says that a perfume expert can sniff a modem scent that has a hundred different odorants in it, go into the lab, and list the ingredients. “In a modest amount of time, he comes back with what to you or me would smell like a perfect imitation of t hat perfume. It’s amazing.”What happens to4 our sense of smell as we age?Many people continue to have good olfactory function as they get older. _ C That’s not the rule, however. Leopold says that smell is generally highest in childhood, stays the same from the teens through the 50s, and drops starting at about 60 for women and 65 for men. “The average 80-year-old is only able to smell things half as well as the average 20-year-old,” says Leopold.。
2016职称英语理工A教材全部短文及翻译汇编
2016 年职称英语等级考试教材短文及译文（理工类ABC 级）目录第二部分阅读判断+ 第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity+ 第十二篇Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake+ 第十三篇The Northern Lights+ 第十四篇Stage Fright+ 第十五篇Image Martian Dust Particles第三部分概括大意和完成句子+ 第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World+ 第十二篇 A Strong Greenhouse Gas+ 第十三篇Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu+ 第十四篇The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen+ 第十五篇Maglev Trains第四部阅读理解+第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses+第三十五篇Putting Plants to work+第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning+第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning+第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan+第三十九篇Clone Farm+第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"+第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright+第四十九篇U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第五部分补全短文+ 第十一篇Virtual Driver+ 第十二篇Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills+ 第十三篇Affectionate Androids+ 第十四篇Primer on Smell (2016 新增)+ 第十五篇 A Memory Drug?第六部分完型填空+ 第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities+ 第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+ 第十三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light+ 第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+ 第十五篇“Liquefaction”Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage第二部分阅读判断+第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityI ’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in1 my belief thathte power ofcreativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I ’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was aclunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers wehave today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago ，we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably sounded a little too optimisticat a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I ’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosityand inventiveness—to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn ’t son their own.Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a window into allof the world ’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we careabout and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3 Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day thatI love to do. He calls it - d ancin“g t t oa pw o r k”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging asever, but what makes me -da“n c t i a n p g to work ”is when we show people something new,like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store alifetime ’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn ’t know you could do that with a PBut for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other wayswe can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still fartoo many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example,millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to theworld. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in away that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragicthan9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn ’t take much to make adiff erence in these children ’s lives10.I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world ’s toughest problems is possible —and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems in thedeveloping world.I ’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingnessto solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areasin my lifetime.3第十一篇比尔·盖茨：发挥你的创造力我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。
2016年职称英语理工类阅读理解中英文对照文章（4）
1. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. 1、我谨代表你们的所有美国客⼈向你们表⽰感谢，感谢你们的⽆可⽐拟的盛情款待。
中国⼈民以这种盛情款待⽽闻名世界。
我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛⼤晚宴的⼈，⽽且还要赞扬那些给我们演奏这样美好的⾳乐的⼈。
我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国⾳乐。
2. Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world. 2、总理先⽣，我要感谢你的⾮常亲切和雄辩的讲话。
2016年职称英语综合B完形填空原文及译文
完形填空第一篇 A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders(伦敦塔看守),_better（更…）known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部）of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From（从）our bedroom we have a marvelous(a.奇妙的，不可思议的) view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for（以..而著名）its ravens(n.乌鸦，黑色的鸟), the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated(着迷，吸引) by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation（犹豫）_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware（意识到）of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend(传奇，传说) says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make（确保）sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes（献身于）about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _ fact（事实）that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep（关注）a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first（起初）, David's wife Mo was not _keen（对..感兴趣）on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all（所有）around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。
2016年职称英语理工类阅读理解全部文章的译文及答案
★第1篇-Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles 福特放弃电动汽车第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。
福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。
3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。
但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。
“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。
”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。
通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。
昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。
日本丰田产的RA V4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。
丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。
“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。
福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。
”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。
日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。
混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。
福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。
不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。
六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。
2016职称英语(理工ABC)考试指导书文章原文和翻译word正常版
第一篇Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Any time you get an award, big or little2, it’s always a surprise.”Holonyak said.Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn’t realize how many uses they would have.“You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing something important, you think it’s worth doing, but you really can’t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don’t know.”he said.The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,”that can separate molecules by size. 词汇：semiconductor /第一篇LED的发明者当Nick Holonyak着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事们都认为他不现实。
2016职称英语理工新增课文中英对照分析
Primer on Smell嗅觉入门In addition to bringing out the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?嗅觉除了能让我们感受到食物的气味外，还能做什么？Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. And smell tells us about people.“Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.美国约翰霍普金斯大学研究嗅觉的专家Randall Reed教授指出，气味能提供给我们关于位置，关于我们在哪儿，以及有关人的信息。
“无论我们是否意识到，我们能根据气味收集到许多关于谁在我们身边的信息”， Reed讲道。
Even at a distance, odors can warn us of trouble —spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.即使还隔着一段距离，气味就能提醒我们注意很多麻烦：变质的食物，煤气泄漏，或是火灾。
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第二篇婴儿语
婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。Ryan Jones刚刚8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。他还懂得表示他最喜欢的玩具以及“更多”这个词。
Ryan不是聋哑人，他的父母也不是，但他们正在教他手语。他们在说话的同时做出相应的手语姿势，并不断重复。当Ryan学会一个新的手势时，家人都非常高兴。Ryan的父母认为，因为能和父母交流，Ryan会成为一个更快乐的婴儿。
Do dreams have meaning?
Scientists continue to debate this issue.However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
Does everyone dream?
Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on.The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.
Are dreams in color?
Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons：They don，t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don，t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives.People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.
对于父母来说，还有一个大问题：哪种手语对孩子来说是最好的?有的父母使用自己创造的手势，还有些父母使用美国手语，这种手语懂的人多，因此更有用。目前对于这个问题还没有明确的答案，但是我们确切地知道：会用手语的婴儿和他们的家人会“说”很多话!
第三篇Common Questions about Dreams
Ryan的父母之所以教Ryan手语，是因为一名叫Joseph Garcia的人。Garcia也不是聋哑人,但他决定学习美国手语(ASL)。最开始的时候，他参加了一门相关课程的学习。之后，他得到了一份帮助聋哑人和正常人交流的工作，在工作中，他看到很多聋哑人父母用手语与他们的幼子交流。他注意到，这些孩子能比正常孩子更早地与他人交流。他们8个月大的时候就能通过手语进行交流，而到了1岁的时候，他们能使用多达50种手势。
Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. WhenRyan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.
Garcia决定进行一些新的尝试，他向非聋哑人父母教授美国手语。这些家庭在孩子六七个月的时候就教孩子手语，而孩子们在大约两个月之后就开始使用这些手语了。越来越多的父母前去参加的美国手语课程。和Ryan的家人一样，他们对于能和孩子通过手语交流感到非常兴奋。他们想让孩子在会说话之前学会一种交流的方式。
有些人对此很担忧，他们担心这些小孩会觉得开口说话没有必要，这样他们的语言能力发展可能比其他孩子慢。然而，研究表明，事实并非如此。实际上，有一项研究发现，事实正好相反，掌握手语的孩子实际上比其他孩子更早开口说话。随着年龄的增长，他们对阅读的兴趣更强，在智力测试中获得的分数更高。
Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies.However, research does not show this.In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.
Do peopleຫໍສະໝຸດ remember their dreams?
A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night一dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake.
Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children.They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.
There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL.It can be useful because many people understand it.There，s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!