高中英语必修一Unit4-Earthquakes-教案之语言点详解

新人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquakes教案之语言点详解词汇详解：一．词语辨析1. congratulate / celebrate【解释】congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。

celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。

侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). I _________ you on your success.2). We held a party to __________ our success..答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm【解释】destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。

ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。

damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。

这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。

harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). You may get _________ in that shop.二．词性变化Ⅲ重点词汇1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂[典例]1).The red balloon suddenly burst.那个红色的气球突然爆了。

2). The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。

3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。

4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭[练习]中译英1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。

________________________________________________________________________________2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。

________________________________________________________________________________答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.2). The sun burst through the clouds.2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救[典例]1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。

3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning.迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。

[重点用法]rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务rescue workers 救援人员[练习]用rescue的适当形式填空1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued3. judge n.&v.法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计[典例]1). His father used to be a judge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。

2). She's a good judge of wine.她是鉴别酒的专家。

3). The blind can’t judge colors.盲人无法判断颜色。

4). Don’t judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。

[重点用法]judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……as far as I judge 我认为judging from… 从……来看，根据……判断[练习]用与judge相关的词汇填空1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.2). _______ , he must be from the south.答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）[典例]1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here.飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。

2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。

[重点用法]be in ruins 呈一片废墟fall into ruin 变成废墟come to ruin 毁灭，落空ruin oneself 自我毁灭bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭[练习]中译英1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2). 那教堂已破败不堪。

_______________________________________________________________________________答案: 1). The building is in ruins.2). The church has fallen into ruin.四重点词组1. right away 立刻，马上[典例]1).I’ll return the book to you right away.我会马上还书给你。

2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。

[短语归纳]“立刻，马上”的表达方式：right away，right now，at once，immediately，in no time[练习] 中译英1). 请立刻把它打印出来。

答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）[典例]1). The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。

[短语归纳]与end搭配的常用短语at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末为止in the end 最后，终于at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态make ends meet 收支相抵[练习]用at the end of, by the end of 和in the end填空。

1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of3. instead of 代替，而不是[典例]1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。

2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。

3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。

[短语归纳]instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。

instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。

in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。

take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。

[练习]单项选择。

1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.A. in place ofB. have taken the place ofC. insteadD. instead of2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.A. in spite ofB. take the place ofC. insteadD. instead of答案:1). B 2). D4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的[典例]1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.[短语归纳]hundreds of数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of数千的millions of数百万的dozens of许多；大量scores of 许多；大量[练习]选择填空1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.A. tens of thousands ofB. ten thousands ofC. over ten thousandsD. thousands upon thousands2). There were ____________ people in the hall.A. two scores ofB. scores ofC. two and scoreD. two scores答案: 1). A 2). B五．重点句子1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。