D Musculo-skeletal System 肌肉及骨骼系统

D. The Musculo-skeletal System 肌肉及骨骼系統Conditions & Diagnoses狀況及診斷Achilles tendon, cut 跟腱切斷Achilles tendon, rupture 跟腱破裂Achondroplasia 軟骨發育不全Ankylosis 關節強硬(黏連) Ankylosis, bony 骨質性關節強硬Ankylosis, fibrous 纖維性關節強硬Arthralgia 關節酸痛Arthritis 關節炎Arthritis deformans 變形性關節炎Arthritis, gouty 痛風性關節炎Arthritis, rheumatoid 類風濕性關節炎Arthritis, septic (pyogenic) 膿毒(化膿)性關節炎Asynergy 協同不能Ataxia 共濟失調Atrophy 萎縮Atrophy, muscle 肌肉萎縮Avascular necrosis 缺血性壞死Avascular necrosis of femoral head 股骨頭缺血性壞死Baker's cyst 貝勾氏(膝部)囊腫Bone cyst 骨囊腫Bone healing 骨癒合Bone necrosis 骨壞死Bunion 囊腫Bursitis 滑囊炎Callus formation 骨痂形成Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管(間)神經受壓綜合徵(症) Cast syndrome 石膏綜合徵(症)Cellular proliferation 細胞增殖Charcot's disease 夏柯氏(神經原性)關節病Charcot's joint 夏柯氏(神經原性)關節Chondrocalcinosis 軟骨鈣化症Chondrolysis 軟骨溶解Chondromalacia 軟骨軟化Chondromalacia patelle 髕(膝蓋)骨軟化Compartment syndrome 腔隙症候群Congenital dysplasia of hip 先天性髖關節發育不良Consolidation & remodelling 鞏固化和再塑形Contracture 攣縮Contusion 挫傷Crepitus 骨擦音Crush injury 壓傷Cubitus valgus 肘外翻Cubitus varus 肘內翻Dactylitis 指(趾)炎Deformity 畸型Discitis 椎間盤炎Dislocation of elbow joint 肘關節脫位Dislocation of hip, congenital 先天性髖關節脫位Dislocation of joints 關節脫位(臼) Dislocation of shoulder joint 肩關節脫位Dyschondroplasia 軟骨發育不良Equinovalgus 馬蹄外翻足Equinovarus 馬蹄內翻足Exostosis 外生骨贅Fasciitis 筋膜炎Fat embolism 脂肪栓塞Fibrositis 纖維組織炎Finger, mallet 槌狀指Finger, trigger 扳機指Foot drop 足垂Foot, claw 爪形足Foot, flat 扁平足Fracture 骨折Fracture acetabulum 髖臼骨折Fracture base of skull 顱底骨骨折Fracture calcaneum 跟骨骨折Fracture cervical spine 頸椎骨折Fracture clavicle 鎖骨骨折Fracture femur 股骨骨折Fracture femur, neck 骰骨頸骨折Fracture femur, shaft 骰骨幹骨折Fracture femur, trochanter 骰骨粗隆骨折Fracture fibula 腓骨骨折Fracture humerus 肱骨骨折Fracture inferior pubic ramus 下恥骨枝骨折Fracture lateral malleolus 外踝骨折Fracture medial malleolus 內踝骨折Fracture metacarpal bone 掌骨骨折Fracture metatarsal bone 蹠骨骨折Fracture neck of femur 股骨頸骨折Fracture odontoid process 齒突骨折Fracture olecranon 鷹咀骨折Fracture patella 髕骨骨折Fracture pelvis 盆骨骨折Fracture radius 橈骨骨折Fracture rib 肋骨骨折Fracture scaphoid 舟狀骨骨折Fracture scapula 肩胛骨骨折Fracture shaft of femur 股骨幹骨折Fracture skull 顱骨骨折Fracture superior pubic ramus 上恥骨枝骨折Fracture tibia 脛骨骨折Fracture tibial condyle 脛骨髁骨折Fracture trochanter of femur 股骨粗隆骨折Fracture ulna 尺骨骨折Fracture, avulsion 撕裂骨折Fracture, Barton's 巴爾通氏骨折Fracture, Bennett's 貝奈特氏骨折Fracture, burst 破碎骨折Fracture, closed / simple 閉合(單純)性骨折Fracture, Colles’科雷司氏骨折Fracture, comminuted 粉碎骨折Fracture, complete 完全骨折Fracture, complicated 複雜骨折Fracture, compression 受壓骨折Fracture, condylar 髁骨折Fracture, depressed 凹陷骨折Fracture, dislocation 脫位骨折Fracture, displaced 移位骨折Fracture, extracapsular 囊外骨折Fracture, greenstick 青枝骨折Fracture, impacted 嵌入骨折Fracture, incomplete 不完全骨折Fracture, intra-articular 關節內骨折Fracture, intracapsular 囊內骨折Fracture, linear 線狀骨折Fracture, longitudinal 縱裂骨折Fracture, oblique 斜斷骨折Fracture, open / compound 開放(複合)性骨折Fracture, pathological 病理性骨折Fracture, Pott's 卜德氏骨折Fracture, spiral 螺旋狀骨折Fracture, stress 應力性骨折Fracture, supercondylar 髁上骨折Fracture, transverse 橫斷骨折Frozen shoulder 凝肩Gangrene 壞疽Gangrene, gas 氣性壞疽Genu valgus / knock-knee 膝內翻Genu varus / bow legs 膝外翻 / 弓形腿Gout 痛風症Granulation formation 肉芽形成Haemarthrosis 關節血腫Haematoma formation 血腫形成Hallux valgus 趾外翻Hallux varus 趾內翻Hammer toe 鎚狀趾Hyperextension 伸展過度Ingrown toe-nail / onychocryptosis 趾甲內嵌 / 嵌甲Joint laxity 關節鬆弛Kyphosis 脊柱後彎(凸) Laceration 撕裂傷Lordosis 脊柱前彎(凸) Low back pain 腰背痛Malunion 連接不良Muscle spasm 肌肉痙攣Muscular dystrophy 肌肉增長不良Myopathy 肌病Myotonia 肌強直症Osteoarthritis 骨關節炎Osteomalacia 軟骨病Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Osteophytes 骨贅(剌)Osteoporosis 骨質疏鬆Osteosclerosis 骨硬化Paget's disease / osteitis deformans 變形性骨炎Phantom pain 幻肢痛Phantom sensation 幻肢感Polydactyly 多指(趾)畸形Polymyositis 多肌炎Prolapsed intervertebral disc 椎間盆脫位(垂) Pseudoarthrosis 假關節Pseudoarthrosis, congenital 先天性假關節Rickets 佝僂病Sciatica 坐骨神經痛Scoliosis 脊柱側彎Sequestrum 死骨Soft tissue injury 軟組織受傷Spondylitis 脊椎炎Spondylitis, ankylosing 關節強硬性脊椎炎Spondylolisthesis 椎柱前移Spondylosis 椎骨盆退化病 / 椎關節黏連Spondylosis, cervical 頸椎關節黏連Sprain 捩(扭)傷Strain 拉傷 / 勞損Subluxation of cervical spine 頸椎骨半脫位Syndactyly 併指(趾)畸形Synovitis 滑膜炎Talipes / club foot 畸形足Talipes calcaneus 仰趾足Talipes valgus 足外翻Talipes varus 足內翻Tear of cruciate ligament 十字韌帶撕裂Tennis elbow 網球肘病Tenosynovitis 腱鞘滑膜炎Torticollis / wry neck 斜頸Traumatic injury 創傷Union 連接Union, delayed 連接遲緩Union, non- 不連接Volkman's ischaemic contracture 佛克曼氏缺血性攣縮Whip-lash injury 類鞭梢頸傷Whitlow 化膿性指頭炎Investigations檢查Arthrography 關節造影術Arthroscopy 關節內視鏡檢查Capillary filling test 微血管充血試驗Electromyogram 肌電圖Myelogram 脊髓造影Myelography 脊髓造影術Neurovascular examination 神經血管檢查Rheumatoid factor 類風濕因子Synovial fluid examination 滑液檢驗Treatment & Operations 療法及手術Abduction pillow 外展枕Adductor tenotomy 內收肌腱切開術Amputation of limbs 截肢術Amputation, above elbow 肘上截肢術Amputation, above knee 膝上截肢術Amputation, below elbow 肘下截肢術Amputation, below knee 膝下截肢術Arthrodesis 關節固定術Arthroplasty 關節成形術Arthroplasty, excision 切除性關節成形術Arthroplasty, partial replacement 部份關節置換術Arthroplasty, total replacement 全關節置換術Arthrotomy 關節切開術Balanced suspension system 平衡懸吊牽引系統Bed, circolectric 電動旋轉床Bone biopsy 骨活組織檢查Bone cement 骨膠(泥)Bone grafting (transplantation) 植骨術Brace 支架Buck's extension 勃克氏伸展牽引Bunionectomy 囊腫切除術Cast 管形石膏(支托) Cast brace 石膏支架Cast window 石膏窗Cast, body 身體石膏Cast, halo 暈輪石膏背夾Cast, hanging arm 懸臂石膏Cast, hip spica 髖部人字形石膏Cast, long arm 長臂石膏Cast, long leg 長腿石膏Cast, short arm 短臂石膏Cast, short leg 短腿石膏Cast, shoulder spica 肩部人字形石膏Cast, spica 人字形石膏Cast, thumb spica 拇指人字形石膏Continuous passive movement 連續被動性運動Corset 腰封Crutch walking 拐杖步行Crutches 拐杖Debridement 清創術Disarticulation 關節斷離術Exercise, active 主動運動Exercise, passive 被動運動Exercise, range of motion 全範圍關節運動Fasciectomy 筋膜切除術Fasciotomy 筋膜切開術Fenestration 脊骨開窗術Fixation 固定術Fixation, external 外固定術Fixation, internal 內固定術Fixator, external 外固定器Frame, Balkan 巴爾幹牽引架Frame, Stryker 史特來克支架Gait, four point 四點步態Gait, swing through 搖擺步態Gait, three point 三點步態Gait, two point 兩點步態Halo jacket 暈輪背夾Hydrotherapy 水療法Immobilization 制動術Implant 植入物Intramedullary nail 骨髓內固定針Laminectomy 椎板切除術Manipulation under anaesthesia 麻醉下手技復位Maxillectomy 上頜骨切除術Meniscectomy 半月板切除術Myomectomy 肌瘤切除術Osteotomy 截骨術 / 骨切開術Patellectomy 髕骨切除術Physiotherapy 物理治療Plaster cylinder 管形石膏Plaster cylinder, long leg 長腿管形石膏Plaster of Paris 石膏Plaster slab 石膏背托Plaster, bivalving of 石膏分開兩半Plaster, reinforcement of 石膏加厚Plaster, trimming of 修剪石膏邊緣Plating 鑲接法Prosthesis 義肢Quadripods 四腳步行器Reduction 復位術Reduction, closed 閉合性復位Reduction, open 開放性復位Replantation of severed extremity 斷肢再植術Rollator 滑動助行器Sequestrectomy 死骨切除術Short wave diathermy 短波透熱電法Skin graft 植皮術Spinal fusion, anterior 脊柱前融合術Splint 夾板Splint, anti-foot drop 防足垂夾板Splint, foam 海綿夾板Splint, Thomas 湯馬斯氏夾板Sticks 扶杖Submandibulectomy 下頜骨切除術Synovectomy 滑膜切除術Tendolysis 腱鬆解術Tendon graft 植腱術Tendon repair 腱縫補術Tongs 鉗具Total hip replacement 全髖關節置換術Total knee replacement 全膝關節置換術Traction 牽引術Traction force 牽引力Traction force, counter 對抗牽引力Traction, Bryant’s 布萊安德氏牽引Traction, continuous 持續性牽引Traction, halo 暈輪牽引Traction, Halter's 頸椎牽引Traction, intermittent 間歇性牽引Traction, pelvic 盆骨牽引Traction, reduction 復位牽引Traction, Russell's 勒塞耳氏牽引Traction, skeletal 骨骼牽引Traction, skin 皮膚牽引Traction, skull 顱骨牽引Walking aids 助行器Walking exercise 步行運動Walking exercise, full weight bearing 全著力(負重)步行運動Walking exercise, non-weight bearing 不著力(負重)步行運動Walking exercise, partial weight bearing 部份著力(負重)步行運動Walking frame 助行架Whirlpool bath 漩渦浴Whirlpool machine 電動水療機Wiring 鋼線縫合法Z-plasty Z形成形術。