考研语法-简单句-五种基本句型
考研英语语法
考研英语语法非限定动词3动词最重要简单句5种基本句型限定动词并列句名词性从句4 长难句分析复合句定语从句5状语从句6时态1被动2It7：做先行代词的用法在强调结构中的用法倒装8：if 在虚拟结构中的条件从句Only或否定词提前As 或however在前的让步状语从句比较级句子：跟句子、短语等"---" 9在句中的意义：解释说明和插入不影响句子本身结构带"-"的形容词10五种基本句型：最基本的,有助于分析句子结构,理解长难句;1、动词时态：在英语中,不同时间一不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示;在时间上分为四大类---现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时；在行为上又分为四种---一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式;考研中常用到的有一定难度的：过去进行时、过去将来时would 表过去习惯动作、现在完成时、现在完成进行时等;现在完成时表示动作或状况发生在现在以前的某个未经明确指出的过去时间内,目前已经完成或结束,给现在造成了影响；或者这个动作至今还未完成,可能继续下去也可能停止He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.08现在完成进行时表示由过去某时开始或发生至今仍将继续进行或刚刚结束的动作；重复发生的动作We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education.092、被动语态：当主语是动作的承受者时,动词要用被动语态,只有及物动词才有被动语态；由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成,它的时态由be动词的变化体现;考研中常用的被动语态与时态的结合：一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时一般现在时：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.02一般过去时：3、非限定动词不能单独做谓语,没有性数变化,不包括在句子的主干中包括动词不定式、分词-ed -ing、动名词1、动词不定式：由not+to+动词原形构成,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语或状语做主语和宾语：To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Pur itans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. 09做表语：The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.07做宾补：If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.07做状语：To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.012、分词：它兼有动词、形容词、和副词的特征；有两种形式,-ed 被动完成, -ing主动进行；在句中担任定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等;现在分词和过去分词的区别：a moving film surprising The play was boring.a moved audience surprised I left because I was bored.做定语：A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.08 Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd.09Specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication.01 做状语：-ing 与主句主语是主动关系；-ed与主句主语被动关系We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.09Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.03状语while或whenwhile examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work;09独立结构：Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce wasderided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance.093、动名词：兼有名词和动词的特征,可在句中做主语、表语、宾语等Finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient.044、名词性从句：在句中起名次作用的从句,包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;连接词that, whether...or, if 在从句中不做任何成分Who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever 在句中充当语法成分When, where, why, how 在从句中做状语成分主语从句：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.06表语从句：宾语从句：Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors.02On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.09同位语从句：A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.055、定语从句：在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句;先行词和关系词;关系词既起着联系从句和主句的作用,又代替先行词在从句中担当有语法成分;that, which, who, whom, whose; when, where, why关系代词：It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.04作主语Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.03All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware.09加介词There are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.01Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story, which works well because the audience allshared the same view of doctors.02非限制性关系副词：In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak;056、状语从句：在复合句中做状语的从句,有连接词;分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式和比较时间when while as; whenever every time; till until; before after; as soon as once the minute; no sooner...than hardly...when 主句部分倒装When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals.06 Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.04让步状语：although, though, even though；as 从句半倒装Although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.04结果状语：方式状语：比较状语：This success led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.07条件状语：If oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25% - 0.5% of GDP.7、It:先行代词,引导后面的短语或从句;当主语是动词不定式、动名词、主语从句时,往往把主语放在谓语动词之后,将it放在句首;It seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.09It never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.01强调句：当我们要强调句子的某一部分一般是主语、宾语、状语时,通常用“It is+被强调部分+thatwho+句子的其余部分”这种句子结构;It is a wise father that knows his own children.098、倒装：if 在虚拟结构中的条件从句Only或否定词提前As 或however在前的让步状语从句Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.09Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story, which works well because the audience all9、"---"的用法：插入解释说明：For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —what you think you want to do —then broaden it.04 解释说明：Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.0310、合成形容词：physician-assisted suicide anti-intellectualism off-the-cuff remarks open-source intelligenceenergy-services firm back-and-forthing belt-tighteningI 句子成分句子的组成成分叫句子成分;在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分;句子成分由词或词组充当;英语的基本成分有六种：主语subject、谓语predicate、表语predicative、宾语object、定语attribute和状语adverbial;II 基本句型基本句型一：ＳＶ主＋谓基本句型二：ＳＶＰ主＋谓＋表基本句型三：ＳＶＯ主＋谓＋宾基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ主＋谓＋宾＋宾补1 基本句型一ＳＶ主＋谓此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思;这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等2 基本句型二ＳＶＰ主＋谓＋表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思;这类动词叫做连系动词;be, look, keep, seem, get, grow, become, turn等This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典;The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好;Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了;He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮;Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了;His face turned red. 他的脸红了;3 基本句型三ＳＶＯ主＋谓＋宾此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整;这类动词叫做及物动词;ＳＶ及物动词Ｏ1. Who │knows │the an swer 谁知道答案2. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙;3. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书;4. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭;5. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好4 基本句型四ＳＶｏＯ主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思;这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者;通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略;Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人│ Ｏ多指物1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔;3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典;4. I │showed │him │my pict ures. 我给他看我的照片;5. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车;5 基本句型五ＳＶＯＣ主＋谓＋宾＋宾补此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整;Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ Ｏ宾语│ Ｃ宾补1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理;2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色;3.. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想;4. What │makes │him │think so 他怎么会这样想5. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来;6. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车;。
简单句5种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言，以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。
下表是简单句的五[(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.() (2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.() (3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.() (4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.()2.在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion. (2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs _____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem. +宾语(S+Vt.+O)(S ＋LV ＋P)“保持或状态”类的有等；等。
我是高中生，他是初中生。
四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。
这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。
(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短形容词作表语)) )介词短语作表语)表语从句作表语) 过去分词作表语)（现在分词短语作表语）(3)使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel 以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
如：keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell 等。
第四，非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。
)例如：Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt) Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比较：We grew sometreesaroundourschoolandthey grow greennow.(grew 是及物动词，意思是________；而grow 是系动词，意思是________) Thepetdog keeps clean.Itis kept byJohnson.(keeps 是________动词，意思是________；而kept 是________动词，意思是________)JustnowI felt thetableandit felt smooth.(摸”；而第二个是________动词，意思是[练习]e)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱ce.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安静句型四：主谓双宾结构=主语+及物动词+DO)[讲解]（1物为直接宾语。
-简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语,宾语补足语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：My sister is a teacher.（名词）我的姐姐是老师。
We often speak English in class.（代词）我们经常在课上讲英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）这个班三分之一的学生是女生。
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语：she works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。
（动作）2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
We are reading books. 我们正在读书。
He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a teacher.(我的姐姐是老师。
)The weather has turned cold.（天气已经变冷了。
）系动词：是用来帮助说明主语的动词，不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，如：be, become, turn, look, go等。
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。
We like English. 我喜欢英语。
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
考研英语语法基础讲义
考研英语语法基础讲义一、简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。
两类系动词：①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste, smell等；2. 并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。
并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。
连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and, as well as, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg: Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.练习：2009年6月阅读Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.（简单句）Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. （并列句）简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。
二、句子成分句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。
主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，定语：修饰名词；状语：修饰形容词或者动词；表语：接在系动词后面；（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句，有以下五种基本句型：1.主语+不及物动词（主谓）History advances.(The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 并列句)2.主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）He knows some English and French.3.主语+系动词+表语He seems (to be) happy.He remained silent through the meeting.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Her mother bought her a new dress.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语She made her diary her best friend. (m1u1p2)He thought English easy.They watched the train leaving the station.系动词的分类1.表示状态存在：be, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay, continue, hold, lie, stand, prove, etc.2.表示感觉：look, sound, taste, smell, feel3.表示状态变化：become, grow, come, get, go, fall, run, turn, etc.I stayed awake on purpose… (m1u1p2)The weather continued cold.Hold still. 不要动。
The book lay open on the table.Fish soon goes bad/ rotten in hot weather.I turned off the light and fell asleep.Drinking water is running short. 饮用水快用完了。
简单句知识点
【用法讲解】考试要求：简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型是英语学习的基础和重点，也是中考试卷的重点，在书面表达、句子改写和翻译句子中都经常考查有关句子的知识；感叹句、疑问句、祈使句更是单项选择和句型转换的重点。
1.简单句的句型简单句就是句子只有一个主语和谓语，有五种基本句型：（1）主语＋谓语：这种句型称为主谓结构（S+V），其谓语一般是不及物动词。
例如：The rain stopped. 雨停了。
Things have changed now. 现在事情发生了变化。
(2)主语＋连系动词＋表语：这种句型称为主系表结构（S+L+P），连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，表语一般是名词或者形容词。
例如：His father is a teacher. 他的爸爸是老师。
（表语是名词）Your mother is very young. 你的妈妈很年轻。
（表语是形容词）(3)主语＋谓语＋宾语：这种句型称为主谓宾结构（S+V+O），其谓语动词是及物动词，宾语一般是直接宾语。
例如：They often speak English at the meeting. 他们在会上经常说英语。
The house caught fire. 房子着火了。
(4)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语：这种句型称为主谓宾宾结构（S+V＋O+O），其谓语动词必须是可以跟双宾语的动词，两个宾语中表示事物的是直接宾语，另一个表示人的是间接宾语。
例如：My father gave me a pen last night. 昨天晚上我爸爸给我一支钢笔。
I will write you a letter when I get there. 我到那里儿时给你写信。
(5) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语：这种句型称为主谓宾及宾补结构（S+V+O+C）其谓语动词必须是可以跟复合宾语的及物动词。
例如：I find him very clever. 我发现他很聪明。
语法系列_句子成分及五大基本句式全解+练习(附答案)
.简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句Wang Hansong简单句简析不论看上去有多纷繁庞杂的英语句子，删繁就简之后得到的基本框架皆是由五种基本句式组合而成。
故了解并熟知英语简单句的五种基本句式是理解所有单复句（单句，并列句，复合句，复杂句）的最重要的前提保证；它同时也是学好各大英语语法的必备条件。
简单句的基本句型构成英语句子最重要最基本的组成部分是主语和谓语两大部分。
而这两部分需要由不同功能的词性充当，故了解各种词性的功能成为首要任务。
下面是常见几种词性的主要功能简介：（记住各类词性的英文缩写。
）1.名词n.：主语，宾语，表语；宾语补足语2.代词pron.; 主语，宾语，表语；（宾语补足语-不多见）3.动词v.（包括及物动词Vt和不及物动词Vi）：谓语，（非谓语-此章节不涉及）4 形容词adj.：表语，定语，（有时也可以充当状语）-- 通常修饰名词或代词5 副词adv.：状语（通常修饰动词，形容词，副词；有时也修饰介词短语）6 连词conj.：起到连接两个或两个以上的句子成分或句子的功能。
7 冠词art.：定语，通常修饰名词了解并熟知常见词性的主要功能，就能够为我们快速抓住句子的主干部分及理解长难句奠定良好的基础。
所以我们平时在背单词时，务必要理解并记忆其词性。
有了这个先决条件，再来学习并运用下面的五种基本句式就简单多了。
1. S十Vi主谓结构2. S十Vt十O主谓宾结构3. S十LinkV十P主系表结构4. S十Vt十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构5. S十Vt 十O十OC 主谓宾+宾补结构解读：（1）S＝主语；V＝谓语；LinkV=系动词; P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语（通常指人）；O2＝直接宾语（常指物）；OC＝宾语补足语）（2）仔细观察以上五种基本句式，我们不难发现，各句式中的谓语动词类别并不完全一样。
因此也提醒我们在背单词过程中，针对动词要有意识的去了解动词的类别，辨清是linkV, Vt还是Vi五种基本句式解析1： S十Vi 主谓结构(Vi通常不接宾语；也无被动语态)。
简单句的五种基本类型整理
简单句的五种基本类型整理简单句的五种基本类型简单句：只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子，称作简单句。
简单句的基本句型：简单句有以下5种基本句型。
1．主语+ 不及物动词例：It is raining heavily.My tooth aches.2．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语例：They enjoy the play.I met John in the street yesterday.3．主语+ 系动词+ 表语例：He is out.Jenny is fine.It looks like rain, soon.4 主语+ 及物动词+ 双宾语例：He bought her a watch.The sun gives us light.注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。
一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。
常见的双宾语结构：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )5．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 补足语例：She found him a very clever student.I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.注意：当宾语意思表达不完整时，需要用不足与补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。
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考研语法一
简单句
第一章 简单句
第一节 简单句的五种基本句型
第二节 简单句的核心成分解析
I. 谓语动词
II ．主语、宾语
III. 表语、补语
第三节 简单句的可添加成分
I ．定语
II ．状语
III ．同位语
IV ．插入语
第四节 简单句的扩展
I ．并列扩展
II ．叠加扩展
III ．嵌套扩展
IV ．综合扩展
第一章 简单句
基本概念：
只有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。
简单句中，除了主语和谓语之外，还可以有宾语、补语、表语、定语、状语、同位语、插入语。
说明：这里的谓语是广义上的谓语，包括连系主语和表语的无实义的系动词和做谓语的实义动词。
重要意义：
1. 是并列句、复合句的组成单元；
2. 是理清阅读、翻译中句子结构的基本要素；
3. 是写作中句法正确与否的衡量标准。
第一节 简单句的五种基本句型
五种基本句型：
或
主语+系（动词）+表语 主语+谓语（动词） 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语+宾语 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语+补语
真题例证：
主系表
Trust is a tricky business. (18, I)
The idea seems promising, …(12, II A 1)
主谓
Everybody else loses. (19, II B)
Smaller species survived. (06, II A3)
主谓宾
…, we need a rebalanc ing of power. (20, II A 2)
Several of his staff members have military‐intelligence backgrounds. (03, II A1) 主谓双宾
They gave justices permanent positions... (12, I)
…railroads charged all customers the same average rate... (03, II A 3)
主谓宾补
You always keep your eyes open... (04, II A 1)
The spooks call it "open source intelligence," ...(03, II A 1)。