高考英语阅读理解技巧

阅读理解中推理、判断、计算题的答题误区与技巧点拨阅读理解中的推断题主要考查学生透过文字表层信息，根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理、分析，挖掘文章的真正内涵，推断出材料中没有直接交待，而需要加以阐述的概念与结论。

包括推断隐含意义，推断下文内容、猜测作家态度等。

属较高层次的阅读。

近几年来，此类题所占比例不断加大，考生对此感到棘手，现按不同类型来谈谈各自的答题误区及解题技巧。

一、根据表层含义推断深层含义。

【设题方式】题干中出现一些表示猜测或预测的词:i nfer, suggest, conclude, imply, learn, indicate , intend, purpose, be likely to…等。

常见的设问方式：1. It can be inferred/concluded/seemed from the passage that______.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _____.4. From the text we know/learn that …is most likely _____.5. The story implies that _____.【考题例证】Passage 1 (2007全国I B)Many animals recognized their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are thing you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda(大熊猫) eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子). Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet(多样化饮食). The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animals products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.1. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _____.A. depend on one sense in choosing foodB. are not satisfied with their foodC. choosing food in similar waysD. eat entirely different food4. We can learn from the last paragraph that ____.A. food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of food B. some people care little about healthy diet 【答案及解析】本篇文章主要讲述的是人与动物依靠感官发现并选择食物，一些动物持有的饮食行为及人类饮食特点。

通过对全文三个自然段所提供的信息进行分析，1题的A项应该是片面的信息（根据A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals usemore than one sense可知）。

B项是文章没有提及的信息。

D项是文章的表层信息，并不是合理的推断。

依据整篇文章我们可以推断出：人类和动物用各自不同的方式选择不同的食物。

正确答案：C。

4题为归纳推理题。

由最后一段可知人类饮食主要取决于对饮食的偏爱，而不太在乎食物的营养。

正确答案：D。

【答题误区】（1）文章中直接表达的信息。

（2）无关紧要或片面推出的结论。

（3）完全相反的结论等。

做此类题时考生易误选选文中直接表达的信息选项或片面的结论选项。

【技巧点拨】（1）全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

（2）忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。

（3）切忌选择表层信息答案，应该立足已知推断未知。

二、根据文中的措辞推断作家的观点或意图。

【设题方式】1. The writ er ‘s attitude toward… i s_______2. The writer suggested/thought that________3. According to the author __________.4. What is the attitude towards ______?5. The writer probably feels that ______.6. The author uses the example of …to show that ______.【考题例证】(2006全国I D)Since my retirement（退休）from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closed to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said,“At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”3. We can infer from the text that the author _____.A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy4. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable.B. A bit regretful.C. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull【答案及解析】一个人退休之后可能感到白无聊赖，但“我”却恰恰相反：读书、弹钢琴、画画，忙得不亦乐乎。