2019最新【精心整理】第一章 土方工程英语
土建工程英语(最全版)

Grout leakage 漏浆(挂帘)
Gas-forming admixture发气剂
Graduation 级配
H
Hardening agent 硬化剂
Honeycomb 蜂窝
Horizontal bar 水平筋
Height measurement高程测量
I
Initial setting strength 初凝强度
Shear strength 抗剪强度
Slump 塌落度
Specific weight/gravity 比重
Stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性
Second order triangulation 二等三角测量
Set out 放线,放样
Stake-line 测桩线
State plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系
Additive 添加剂
Asbestos 石棉
Accelerator 速凝剂
Air-entraining agent 引气剂
Aggregate 骨料
Azimuth 方位角
B
Bending and unbending 反复弯曲
Batching plant 搅拌站
Bar/reinforcement yard 钢筋加工场
Construction joint 施工缝
Curing agent 养护剂
Cold bending test 冷弯试验
D
Distribution bar分布筋
Dowel 插筋
Depression 坑洼
Delivery sheet 运料单
E
Earthworks 土方工程
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分:1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings 101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分:岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透(流)7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力(压力)14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层(土)21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤(防)30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大(中、最小)主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖(挖方)2 dewatering (基坑)降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave (基坑)底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统(轻型)10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井(箱)3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井;桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台(桩帽)9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数(η)22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头)29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) (振动)打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔-库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯-张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔-库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth p ressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free(resonance)vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分:1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings 101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分:岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透(流)7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力(压力)14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层(土)21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤(防)30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大(中、最小)主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖(挖方)2 dewatering (基坑)降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave (基坑)底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统(轻型)10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井(箱)3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井;桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台(桩帽)9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数(η)22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头)29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) (振动)打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barra on’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔-库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯-张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔-库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free(resonance)vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。
土木工程专业英语翻译

土木工程专业英语翻译第一篇:土木工程专业英语翻译1.第一课土木工程,这个最古老的工程专业,是指对被建设环境的规划、设计、建筑和管理。
这个环境包括按科学原理所建的一切结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设备。
土木工程师们修路、建桥、打隧道,木工程师始终(将介词throughout转译成副词)都要充分利用计算机。
用计算机来设计工程的各要素(计算机辅助设计CAD)且用计算机来管理这个工程项目。
对于现代土木工程师而言,计算机是必备的工具,因为它们允许工程师高效建水坝,海港,发电厂,供水排水系统,建医院,学校,公共交通设施和其他公共设施实质上就是要建设现代化社会和大量人口集中地。
他们也建设私有的设施,例如:机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,和其他大型建筑物,它们设计用于工业,商业和居住等用途。
此外,土木工程师规划,设计和建设完整的城市和乡镇,近年来,已经在规划和设计空间平台来构建自给自足型社区。
2.土木这个词来源于拉丁文,原意是市民。
1782年,英国人JohnSmeaton用这个术语将非军事工程工作从在当时占绝大多数的军事工程师所人事的工程工作中区别开来。
从那以后,土木工程这个词常常用于表示建设公用设施的工程师们所人事的工作,尽管这个领域要宽广得多。
3.范围:因为它的面太广,所以土木工程被分成许多技术专业。
各专业的土木工程专家所需要的技能取决于工程项目的类型。
当一个项目开始时,场地被土木工程师所测绘,他们给定给水排水设施和电力线路的实际位置。
岩土工程专家们完成土壤实验来确定地基是否能承受工程项目的自重。
环境专家们研究项目对当地的影响:潜在的空气和地下水资源的污染,工程项目对当地动植物的影响,为满足保护环境的管理要求,怎样才能把工程项目设计好。
4.对于任何一个给定的工程项目,土地处理大量的用来制定工程最佳施工方法的数据。
5.结构工程.在这个专业中,土木工程师计划和设计各种各样的结构,包括桥,水坝,发电厂,设备的支柱,海岸工程的特殊结构,美国空间项目,发射塔,巨大的天文射电望远镜,和许多种其它的工程项目。
土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

Civil EngineeringCivil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities.土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
国外土建工作必备英语词汇总结

The commonest words used at site for civil works现场常用土建词汇Civil engineering 土木工程Drawing 图纸Pro 剖面图Plan 平面图Detail drawing大样图,细部图Legend 图例Configuration 结构,构造,外形Structure drawing 结构图Architecture drawing 建筑图Process drawing 工艺图Modification of design document 设计变更Bench mark 基准点Leveling 场平,抄平Compaction test 压实度试验Handing over inspection 交接检验Moisture / Water content 含水量Lab man 试验员Assistant engineer 助理工程师Assistant architect 助理建筑师Registered engineer 注册工程师Registered professional construction manager / licenseed professional construction manager 注册监理工程师Soil 土壤Cutting area挖方区Filling area填方区Over extraction / Overbreak 超挖Test report 试验报告Flatness 平整度Sprinkler 洒水车Truck mixer 混凝土罐车Vibration pump 振动泵Mobile pump 汽车泵Stationary pump 地泵Loader 装载机Bulldozer 推土机Excavator 挖掘机,挖土机Backhoe / Hoe excavator 反铲Fork-lift truck / setting elevator 铲车Grader 平地机Compactor/compactor Roller 震动压路机Mixer 搅拌机Conveyor 输送机Bender 弯曲机(bar)straightener 调直机,矫正机Tower crane 塔吊Hanger 吊杆,吊钩Earthwork 土方工程Earthwork excavation 土方开挖Foundation trench/foundation pit 基槽/基坑Surveying 测量Surveying and setting out 测量放线Setting out 放线Lofting =lay out=lay over放样Topography surveying 地形测量Hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘察Control point 控制点Center line 中线Axis 轴线Longitude / Meridian 经线Latitude line纬线Coordinate坐标、同等的、使协调Contour 等高线Bus 母线Feeder 馈线Level / elevation 标高Prism 棱镜Total station 全站仪Defectoscope / Defect detector 探伤仪Water level 水平仪Water level pipe 水平管Total light / theodolite / transit经纬仪Laser instrument 激光铅锤仪Water level meter 水平尺Water meter 水表Meter / tape 尺子Set rule 定位尺Caliper 游标卡尺、测径器Micro meter caliper 千分尺Tape measure 卷尺、皮尺Sopwith staff 塔尺Running rule 靠尺Spring scale / weight beam 弹簧秤Universal meter, multi meter 万用表Wattmeter 电表、瓦特计Thermometer 温度计、体温计Tachometer / revolution indication 转速表、流速计Flow meter 流量计Global position system (GPS)全球定位系统Plumb 线坠,铅锤Slump 塌落度Cone 椎形筒,椎体Reinforcement / steel bar 钢筋Stainless steel 不锈钢Deformed bar 螺纹钢Round bar / Plain bar 圆钢Channel steel 槽钢Flat steel 扁钢、平钢Angle steel / iron 角钢/铁Overlap / lap 搭接Stirrup/ hoop 箍筋,马镫Hook bar 钩筋Vertical bar 竖向钢筋Horizontal bar 水平筋Casing / Sleeve 套管Sedimentation pipe 沉淀管Filter pipe 过滤管Oxygen pipe 氧气管Galvanized steel pipe 镀锌钢管Seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管Plastic pipe 塑胶管Reinforcement cover 钢筋保护层Embedded piece / part 预埋件Preformed hole / pocket预留孔Prefabricate,prefabrication 预制Bolt 螺栓Anchor bolt 锚固螺栓,地脚螺栓Formwork / shuttering 模板Concrete blinding 混凝土模板Scaffolding 脚手架Scaffold board / plank 脚手板Ladder 梯子Verticality / perpendicularity垂直度Brace 支撑,斜撑Bracket 支架,墙上突出的托架tripod三角支架Concrete 混凝土Cushion course 垫层Foundation 基础Prefabricate foundation预制基础Column 柱子Chapiter 柱头Pedestal 柱脚Beam 梁End beam / end girder端梁Ground beam 地梁Tie beam 联系梁Ring beam 圈梁,环梁Lintel 过梁Cantilever beam 挑梁Overhanging eaves 挑檐Cantilever platform 挑台Tie column 构造柱Slope 坡度,斜坡Gradient 坡度,倾斜度,梯度,角度Ramp 坡道Slip form 滑模Slab 板Top slab 顶板Base slab 底板Cover plate 盖板Tunnel 地沟,隧道Individual / single footing 独立基础Bitumen / Asphalt 沥青Oxidized asphalt / Epoxy bitumen 氧化沥青Asphalt cement 沥青膏Backfilling 回填Watering 洒水Laboratory / lab实验室Compression strength 抗压强度Tensile strength 抗拉强度Yield 屈服Elongation 延伸率Crush sand 人工沙Crushed stone 碎石Aggregate 骨料Natural sand 天然沙sandstone 砂岩sand soil 砂土clay 粘土Sand-coarse aggregate ratio 砂石比Water-cement ratio(W/C)水灰比Admixture 外加剂Cure 养护Curing compound 养护剂Sealing glue 密封胶Water stop 止水带Water proof 防水Styrofoam 聚乙烯泡沫High density Styrofoam高密度聚乙烯泡沫Low density Styrofoam低密度聚乙烯泡沫Foam station 泡沫站Chemical test化学试验Physical test物理实验Batching plant 搅拌站Stucco 粉刷Plaster 抹灰Plasterer’s trowel 铁抹子Plasterer’s hawk 抹灰工灰板Plasterer’s lath 抹灰板条Grout 灰浆,水泥浆,灌浆Cement mortar水泥砂浆Putty 腻子,坭子,用油灰抹缝填塞Apron 散水Plinth 柱基勒脚,壁脚板(墙外底部) Base board / washboard / skirt 踢脚板(墙内底部)Gunny/jute 黄麻,黄麻布Fiber glass 玻璃丝布Toughened glass 钢化玻璃Inspection 验收As-built 竣工Final acceptance / completion inspection 竣工验收Honey comb蜂巢mix-design配比设计Proportion 配比/ 比例Scale 比例(尺)、刻度、等级Emulsion paint 乳胶漆Hollow brick 空心砖Solid brick 实心砖Ceramic 陶瓷Ceramic tile 瓷砖,地砖Roof tile 瓦Stoneware 瓷器Quarry/mine 矿山Ironstone 铁矿石Secondary cast 二次浇注Regrouting 二次灌浆Tertiary cast 三次浇注Electrostatic precipitator 电收尘Electric block 电葫芦Covered electrode 电焊条Pole 电杆Sump Hole 集水坑Angle form 角膜Spring 弹簧、弹性Access road 进场路Ceiling 顶棚,吊顶Ceiling board 天花板Roof 屋顶Roofing felt 油毡Flexible waterproof roofing柔性泛水屋面soft waterproof roof 柔性防水屋面Cable tray 电缆桥架Cable trench 电缆沟Cable tunnel 电缆隧道Cable gallery 电缆廊道Cable truss 缆索桁架Conduit 管道,管子Steel rope钢索,钢绳Marble 大理石Terrazzo 水磨石Cistern 蓄水池Water tower 水塔Reservoir / pond水池、水库Water tank 水罐、水箱、水池Water level / water table 水位Overhead water tank 高位水池Water quality 水质Hose 软管用于洗Rigidity 刚性Elastic 弹性Filler wall / Brickwork 填充墙,砖砌体Gable wall 人字墙Wall 墙体Wall suface 墙面Wall space(门窗之间的)墙面Boundary wall 围墙,界墙Gable wall 山墙Gable coping 山墙压顶Dry wall 清水墙Parapet 女儿墙Wing wall 耳墙shear wall 剪力墙retaining wall 挡墙clapboard 隔板,墙板Dado 墙裙,护墙板,墩身Wall brick 墙砖Bridge pier 墙垛Wall opening 墙洞Wall cornice 墙挑檐Wall beam 墙挑梁Wall plastering 墙面抹灰Wall plaster 墙面粉刷Flashing 泛水、范水、反水Wall fiashing 墙面泛水Wall reinforcement 墙体配筋Wall coping 墙压顶Wall tile 墙面砖,瓷面砖Gap-filling glue 填缝胶To lay the foundation 打地基Backing welding 打底焊Punching bear 打孔机Tapered edge 倒角Low-grade cement 低标号水泥Underground drainage system 地下排水系统Top light 顶部采光Shaping 刨光Water divide / water parting 分水岭Client 发包方,业主Auxiliary material 辅料Additive layer 附加层Adhesion 附着力Elevation 高程Spanner 扳手Cutting nippers 老虎钳,剪钳screwdriver 改锥、螺丝起子screw-driver with voltage tester 试电笔shovel 铁锹Rebar binding and put forms绑筋、支模rebar colligation 绑扎jamb 门樘Bricklaying 砌筑Corbel / bracket / angle-table牛腿,枕梁,托肩Step 台阶Footboard 踏步Stair 楼梯electric pulley block电葫芦,电力提升机,电动滑车expert subjoist 专用龙骨purlin 檩条,桁条Top chord 上弦支撑Bottom chord 下弦支撑Remove/dismantle the formwork 拆模Fastener 扣件Rock picker / Gadder 风镐,凿岩机Truss 桁架Net weight(N.W)净重Gross weight(G.W)毛重Liter=litre 升、公升Kilometer 千米Kilogram 千克Meter (M)米Decimeter 分米Centimeter (cm)厘米Millimeter (mm) 毫米Counter / calculator 计算器Plus 加Minus 减Multiply 乘Divide 除Hundred百Thousand 千Ten thousand 万One hundred thousand / lakh十万Million 百万Ten million 千万A hundred million 亿Billion 十亿Steel aeration window 钢百叶窗Shutter 百叶窗Plastics-steel doors and windows 塑钢门窗Screen window 纱窗Earth rammed 素土夯实Benzene plank 苯板(类似泡沫,墙内保温用)Manhole 人孔,检修孔Raw water treatment 原水处理Welding seam 焊缝Fully continuous welding 满焊Alike bars in four corners 四角均有pin 销pit 坑pile 桩pile shaft 桩身pillar 墩,座,支柱leading pile 导桩pile driving / piling打桩piling machine 打桩机ramming / tamping 打夯rammer / ramming machine 打夯机leveling course / screed / coat找平层leveling layer / dressing course整平层post-cast strip 后浇带bamboo board 竹胶板reducer cross 异径四通reducing tee 异径三通reducing coupling 异径管接头Cube 试块cube 立方(m3)centimeter 厘米(cm)millimeter 毫米(mm)outside / inside diameter 外/ 内径be discounted at 10% 打九折final account / final cost 决算budget 预算administration and management / surveillance 监理consultanting firm 咨询公司lattice grid 网架delivery 交付transferring completed project 交付使用limestone crushing and conveying 石灰石破碎及输送limestone prehomogenization storage 石灰石预均化堆场crushing of correctives and additives to storage 辅料及混合材破碎、输送至堆棚correctives and additives storage 辅料及混合材堆场extraction of pet coke to storage (in future )石油焦破碎(预留)pet coke pre-blending and conveying (in future ) 石油焦预均化(预留)oil dilution station 稀油站raw mill feed hoppers 生料喂料raw material grinding 生料粉磨kiln and RM grinding exhaust gas treatment 窑磨废气处理transport and storage of raw meal and kiln feed 生料储存及输送preheating, precalcining and firing 分解炉及燃烧by pass system 旁路放风系统clinker manufacture 熟料烧成clinker cooling 熟料冷却exhaust gas treatment 废气处理OFF-SPEC. clinker silo 黄料库clinker transport and storage 熟料输送及储存cement mill feed hoppers-clinker and additives 水泥磨喂料cement grinding 水泥粉磨cement transport and storage 水泥储存cement bulk loading 水泥散装weight bridge (T.O. platform / T.O. ramp )汽车衡cement packing 水泥包装cement bag loading 水泥袋装装车pet coke grinding system (in future ) 石油焦粉磨HFO unloading and storage (oil pumping, thermal oil tank, thermal oil boiler and one thermal oil boiler for standby)重油处理系统及锅炉室Pumping room fire fighting 消防泵站Capacity power plant (excluding the contract ) 发电厂(合同范围以外)Power distribution station 配电站Electrical room for limestone crushing 石灰石破碎电气室Electrical room for additives and correctives crushing system 辅料破碎电气室Electrical room for raw materials system 原料电气室Electrical room for raw meal grinding system 生料磨电气室Electrical room for kiln feeding system 窑尾电气室Electrical room for clinker cooling system 熟料冷却电气室Electrical room for water treatment system 水处理电气室Electrical room for cement grinding system 水泥磨电气室Electrical room for cement packing system 水泥包装电气室Refractory storage耐火材料库Water treatment and raw water tank and pump room 水处理/原水池/泵房Circulating water tank and pump room 循环水池/泵房Potable water pump room 生活水泵房Treated and potable water tank 净水池及生活水池Guide wall 导流墙Central control room and laboratory 中央控制化验室Mechanical and electrical work shop 机电修车间Main store 备品备件库Drivers restroom 司机休息室Sales office 销售办公室Garage 汽车库HFO tank重油储罐Diesel oil tank 柴油储罐Gasoline tank 汽油储罐Administration building 行政办公楼Technical building 技术中心办公楼Mosque 清真寺Gas station 加油站Canteen 食堂Clinic ( in colony ) 诊所(在生活区内)Gate house 门卫室Duty room 值班室Shift room 倒班室Sentry box 岗亭Toilet 卫生间Splash bath 淋浴室Washroom 盥洗室Guest house 贵宾楼Refrigeration station 冷冻站Fire station 消防站Fire-fighting water tank 消防水池Sewage regulating reservior 污水调节池Electrical room for forepart of plant厂前区电气室Explosives storage (near the quarry) 爆破材料库/ 炸药库(在矿山附近)Detonator store 雷管库Septic tank / cesspool / sewage tank 化粪池Sewage treatment 污水处理Sludge drying yard 污泥干化场Aeration tank曝气池Interim water tank 中间水池Reclaimed water 中水recycle water tank中水池(再循环水池)Preliminary sedimentation tank 初沉池Secondary sedimentation tank 二沉池filter sopping tank过滤吸水池base sump 集油池finish and decoration work / construction for decoration装饰工程extension project、extended project 扩建工程modification work / alteration work 改造工程、改建工程remodeling / rebuilding 翻修development发展部section for planning规划部receive room会客室drawing office绘图室record room记录室coffee room咖啡室secretary receive room秘书接待室reference room 资料室washbasin洗脸盆water tap水龙头lavatory坐式大便器、抽水马桶、盥洗室urinal小便器stall-type urinal 落地式小便器squatting pot 蹲坑squatting pan 蹲式大便器RCC:(reinforcement concrete construction)钢筋混凝土结构Plain lime paste 素灰Plain mortar 素砂浆Plain concrete / non-reinforced concrete (PCC):素混凝土UAE:微胀剂expansion admixture 膨胀剂Roadbed 路基,路床Leveling-up 整平Elevation difference 高差rubber 橡胶Rubble 毛石Cobble 鹅卵石,大卵石Rubble concrete 毛石混凝土Cement-rubble masonry 浆砌毛石rubble masonry for slope protection 护坡毛石砌筑Culvert pipe 涵管Culvert 涵洞Overflow pavement 过水路面Pavement 人行道Bridge sideway 桥上人行道Downward slope 顺坡Longitudinal gradient of road surface for drainage 排水纵坡Compaction and backfilling of earthwork 土方碾压、回填Compact 碾压Degree of compaction 压实度Density 密度Bricklayer 瓦工Well 井Sampling well 取样井Production well 生产井Exploratory well 探测井Flowing well、free-flowing bore 自流井Sump well 、collecting well 集水井Valve well 阀门井Drainage well 排水井Shaft 井道Well pump 井泵Well point 井点Borewell 井眼Well hole 井孔Well head,well mouth 井口Pit-bank 井口平台Active zone of well 井的补给区Well casing 井筒,井套管Derrick,stationary hoisting towel,drive block 井架Well spacing 井距Well gauge,hole gauge,preliminary shaft 井径Well pressure 井压力Well bore configuration 井身结构Rest water level 井内静水位Stilling well 静水井Steining 井内砌圈Tube 导管Inlet pipe 进水管Outlet pipe出水管Ventilation pipe 通风管Overflow pipe 溢流管Bleeding hose 泌水管Check valve止回阀Shutoff valve 截止阀Filter tube 过滤管Filter tube for well point 井点滤管Sedimentation pipe 沉淀管Weep drain 渗水管Penetration of water,leakage of water 渗水Penetrant 渗透剂Permeability test,percolation test 渗透试验Rig 钻塔、钻探平台Well screen 井管滤网Screen of deep wall 深井滤水管Deep water pump for well point 井点深水泵Vacuum pump for well point 井点真空泵Centrifugal pump 离心泵Total well capacity 井的总出水量Output of well,discharge of well 井出水量Well yield 井的出水量Running water、tap water、city water 自来水Filling material 填料Settlement 沉降River bed 河床River way / water course 河道Tender 投标Invite tenders 招标Bid bond 投标保证金Pre-qualification of bidders 投标人资格预审Contract labors with material 包工包料Scamp work and stint material / shoddy work and inferior material 偷工减料Real stuff 真材实料Resource optimization 资源优化Planting 绿化带Elevator shaft / elevator hoistway 电梯井Curbstone / curb 路缘石Curb joint 路缘石接缝Crown of pavement / camber of paving路面拱度Surface drainage 路面排水Elevation of road surface / grade elevation 路面标高Sealing coat 路面沥青涂层Road condition 路况Road bed / road foundation 路基MCRC asphalt 快固沥青Pure asphalt 纯沥青Bitumen mortar 沥青砂浆(沥青和砂子)Bitumen concrete 沥青混凝土(沥青、砂子和石子)Asphalt prime coat 沥青打底Base course 基层Compacted gravel shoulder砂砾层路肩Rammed hardpan bottom 夯实路基Wearing course 磨损层Turning point 转点,转折点,转向处Level line 水平线Laying pipes 敷设管道,铺设管道Staggered joint / break joint / alternate joint错缝(分层交错设置的缝)Straight joint / continuous vertical joint 通缝Mortar joint灰缝,砂浆接缝Construction joint 施工缝Expansion joint 膨胀缝,伸缩缝,膨胀节Crack 裂缝Pointing 勾缝Joint pointing 嵌缝Gap 缝隙,裂口High joint / convex joint 凸缝Hollow joint / concave joint 凹缝Tongued and grooved joint 凹凸缝Out-and-in bond 凹凸砌合Ventilation / aeration / air draft 通风Grain size 粒度,粒径Degree of satiation 饱满度Degree of saturation 饱和度Flexivity 挠度Concentration 浓度Gradation 级配,等级Strength grade 强度等级,强度标号Concresive 植筋胶Glue 胶水,粘贴,胶合物Agglomerant 粘结剂、凝聚剂Softening agent 软化剂Mold releasing agent 脱模剂Tack coat 粘结层Difference / deviation 偏差Dense sand 密实砂夹石Walkway / covered way 廊道Nail 铁钉Metal pail 铁桶Wire netting 铁丝网,金属网Steel wire 钢丝Steel mesh 钢网片Ditch 水沟Side ditch / side drain边沟Drainage trench 排水沟Cut-off ditch / cut-off trench / catchwater 截水沟Non-disturbed soil 非扰动土壤Soft soil,weak soil 软土Soft clay 软黏土Plain soil 素土Insulating layer 保温层Insulation to falls 保温层找坡Moulding 灰线Marks 灰饼Mortar bed 灰浆层Inner corner阴角External corner 阳角Initial setting time 初凝时间plumb ruler and bob托线板ink fountain 墨斗black mark-line 墨斗线blowing 空鼓honeycomb 蜂窝pitting surface 麻面irregularity / sags and crests 凹凸不平carpet 地毯marble 大理石asbestos 石棉asbestos tile 石棉瓦spacer定距片、定位片penetration of slag,corrosion,erosion 侵蚀,腐蚀aggressive agent 侵蚀剂,腐蚀剂anti-corrosion / antiseptic / rot-proof 防腐antiseptic substance 防腐剂moisture proof 防潮lighting-protection 防雷装置handrail 扶手、栏杆pedestal 柱基commissioning / running test试车,试运转,投产all-wood door 全(实)木门thermal couple 热电偶plug socket 塞孔jack panel 塞孔板jam weld 塞焊plug weld 塞焊缝fabrication yard 制作场color atlas 色(谱)集difference between inside and outside ground levels 室内外高差floated stucco 甩毛灰rubber waterproof 橡胶止水带hydrant 消火栓site agent 驻场员project representative,field representative 驻场代表walkway 走道walkway of crane beam 走道板gallery、passageway、verandah、corridor 走廊duration 工期four-wheel drive 四轮驱动sand-blasting 喷砂mosaic flooring 马赛克地面wadi 干涸河道,旱谷upriver上游的downriver下游的hurricane 飓风,狂风typhoon 台风cyclone 旋风,龙卷风bathtub浴缸rust 锈rust cleaning 除锈iron 铁copper铜brass wire 铜丝steel 钢chrome铬nickel镍zinc 锌aluminum 铝alloy aluminum 铝合金bauxite 矾土,铝矾土,铝土矿plumbum铅stannum锡flange 法兰、凸缘。
土建英语词汇

1土建英语词汇C i v i l E n g l i s h G l o s s a r y一、设计专业工艺(专业):process design/engineering 系统(专业):systems engineering设备(专业):equipment engineering布置(专业):plant layout engineering管道设计(专业):piping design管道机械(专业):piping mechanical engineering仪表(专业):instruments engineering电气(专业):electrical engineering建筑(专业):architectural土建(专业):civil engineering设计阶段:engineering phase基础工程设计阶段:basic engineering phase 详细工程设计阶段:detailed engineering phase 二、图纸扬子石化—巴斯夫有限责任公司BASF-YPC Company Limited一体化石化项目—中国,南京IPS PROJECT—NANJING,CHINA中国石化洛阳石油化工工程公司:SINOPEC LUOYANG PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING CORP. 中海壳牌南海石化项目:CSPC NANHAI PETROCHEMICALS PROJECT丽东芳烃项目:LIDONG AROMATICS COMPLEX PROJECT 冷却塔(南区):COOLING TOWERS (SOUTH)施工图纸:working drawing, construction drawing工艺装置:process unit工艺流程图:process flow diagram [PED] 装置布置图:plot plan会签:inter discipline check图号:DWG NO.资质等级grade of qualification设计:designed by校对:checked by审核:supervisor附注:notes图例:legend剖面:section平面图:layout plan立面图:elevation结构布置图:structure plan配筋图:reinforcing plan模板图:form plan三、结构基础:foundation基础梁:foundation beam桩基础:pile foundation桩承台:pile capping打桩机:pile driver振动打桩机:vibratory driver打桩:pile drivingZ2101泵吸水池详图:pump basin detailfor Z2101冷却塔水池:Cooling tower basin池壁:wall伸缩缝:expansion and contraction joint 底板:bottom slab水池顶板:basin top slab风机基础详图:fan foundation detail现浇墙板:cast-in-place wall panel 预制墙板:pre-cast wall panel 钢筋混凝土框架:reinforced concrete frame钢筋混凝土柱:reinforced concrete column牛腿:bracket钢筋混凝土现浇板:cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab地下管道:underground trench 斜梁:stringer平台梁:beams of platform悬臂梁:cantilever beam女儿墙:parapet人孔盖板:manhole cover集水坑;catchment pit溢流槽:flood relief channel爬梯:ladder pretensioned spun concrete piles 先张法预应力混凝土管桩四、材料预埋件embedded plate钢板steel plate钢圆环:steel ring plate雨水篦子板:rain water grating钢筋reinforcing bar热轧光圆钢筋:hot rolled plain steel bars 热轧带肋钢筋:hot rolled ribbed steel bars I 级:grade I插筋:anchor rebar钢筋锚固长度:bond length of rebars钢筋搭接:bar splicing箍筋:stirrup纵向钢筋:longitudinal bar弯起钢筋,元宝筋:bend bar钢筋间距:rod spacing搭接长度:overlapping length不锈钢栏杆:stainless steel handrail支架:support电缆槽盒支架:cable trench support 仪表槽盒支架:instrument trenchsupport螺母:nut锚栓:anchor boltM30六角螺帽:M30 six angle screw cap 外露100,丝扣80:outcrop 100, thread 80 地脚螺栓,基础螺栓:foundation bolt 垫片:washer间隔布置:interval set早强剂:early-strength admixture 防冻附加剂:antifreeze admixture混凝土:C40 concrete: class:40细石混凝土:fine aggregate concrete 配合比:mixture ratio抗渗等级:P8 seepage class::P8抗压强度:compression strength混凝土保护层厚度:minimum concretecover砂:sand卵石:pebble碎石:crushed stone砾石:gravel骨料:aggregate水泥:cement普通硅酸盐水泥:ordinary portland cement粘土砖:clay brick垫层:cushion装饰工程(抹灰、涂料、刷浆)1:2水泥砂浆20厚:1:2 cenment mortar thickness 20mm 找平层:leveling blacket抹灰:plastering抹平,找平:screeding抹光,压光:trowel finish抹子:trowel抹灰底层:rendering coat抹灰罩面层:setting coat灌缝:grout填料:filling收水器:drift eliminator工艺管道:process pipe套管:pipe sleeve壁厚:wall thickness翼环:plate ring石棉水泥:asbestos cement油麻:oil-- hemp橡胶止水带:rubber water stop密封胶:joint sealant 填缝板:joint filler沥青涂层:asphalt coating镀锌铁皮:galvanized iron sheet五、测量轴线:axes坐标:coordinate标高:elevation; datum mark中心标高:center elevation相对标高:relative elevation绝对标高:absolute elevation平面控制:plane control高程控制:elevation control经纬仪:transit水准仪:surveyor’s level水准点:bench mark基准点,标高:datum mark坐标控制点:the coordinate controlpoints测杆:surveying rod钢卷尺:steel tape六、项目管理项目经理:Project Manager设计经理:Engineering Manager施工经理:Construction ManagerQA/QC经理:QA/QC ManagerHSE经理:HSE Manager采购经理:Procurement Manager控制经理:Control Manager承包商: contractor分包商: Subcontractor分包合同:subcontract项目计划:project plan(项目)设计计划:(project) engineering plan(项目)采购计划:(project) procurement plan(项目)施工计划:(project) construction plan(项目)开车计划:(project) start-up plan 项目主进度计划:project master schedule 详细进度计划:detailed schedule进度控制:schedule control; progress control进度提前:ahead of schedule 进度拖延:schedule delay开车:start-up试车:commissioning投料试车:start-up; test run; initial operations用户验收,装置验收:client acceptance; plant acceptance七、招标、投标、合同投标书: Form of Bid签署人:Signed by投标文件:The Bid Documents商务标:confidential commercial bid技术标:Technical Bid报价表:Cost Breakdown Sheet投标确认书:Form of acknowlegement投标邀请函(招标文件):ITB Documents 投标邀请函:invitation to bid第一部分(节) : sectionⅠ.给投标人的指令:instruction to bidder section Ⅱ.合同协议书(草案):contract agreement(draft)section Ⅲ.合同条件:conditions of contract section Ⅳ.合同附件:Appendix for the contract投标保函:bid bond履约保函:performance bind履约担保书:performance bank guarantee 授权委托书:power of attorney委托代理人(被授权人):Signature of Attorney法定代表人(授权人):Signature of legal representative合同生效日期:effective date of the contract合同终止:termination of contract合同失效:frustration of contract总价合同:lump-sum contract【L-S】(固定)单价合同:(fixed) unit price contract偿付合同,成本加酬金合同:(cost) reimbursable contract; cost-plus(fee) contract 【C-P】预付款:advance payment; down payment 保留金:retentin money最终付款:final payment未可预见费:contingency八、施工开工会议:kick-off meeting施工组织设计:construction execution plan 施工技术方案:technical proposal工期:construction period施工阶段:construction stage (phase)施工进度:construction progress工程进度款:progress payment工程量:quantities工程造价:construction cost工程预算:construction budget工日:man-day工时:man-hour工地, 施工现场:building site, construction site安装工程:installation work安装费:installation expenses施工单位:construction unit安全帽:protective cap,safety helmet 安全带:protecting band, safety belt 久、施工机械设备挖掘:excavate挖土机:excavator履带式推土机:crawler dozer履带式起重机:crawler crane反铲挖土机:back digger挖沟机:trench digger铲运机:scraper压路机:road roller翻斗车:tipping skip自卸卡车:dumping truck洒水车:sprinkler土方工程:earth work回填:back fill蛙式打夯机:frog rammer基坑:foundation pit钢筋切断机:bar cutter钢筋弯曲机:angle--bender调直机:straightener十、地基处理地基处理:ground treatment复合地基:地基承载力特征值:换填垫层法:强夯:dynamic compaction振冲碎石桩:VCS. Piles (vibroflotation crushed stone piles)十一、砼工程脚手架:scaffold单排竖管脚手架:putlog scaffold双排竖管脚手架:independent scaffold管子脚手架:pipe scaffold满堂脚手架:full framing立杆:the standing pole扫地杆:ground bars横杆:ledger防护栏:protective barrier,guard rail脚手板:scaffold board扣件:coupler十字扣件:double coupler旋转扣件:swivel coupler套筒扣件:sleeve coupler隔离剂:isolating agent钢筋加工:rebar fabrication钢筋连接:stell rebar connection 铁丝:iron wire 绑扎lashing搭接:lap搭接接头:lap joint 焊接:welding焊接接头:welded joint搭接焊:lap welding砂浆垫块mortar block制模,模板工程formwork模板:form组合钢模板:combined steel formwork 模板配板:formplate configuration模板支设:formplate erection模板接缝:the formplate joint安装偏差:installation deviation起拱:arch camber模板拆除:formwork removel浇灌混凝土:cast concrete, placing concrete, depositing concrete,concrete pouring泵送混凝土:pumping of concrete混凝土中心搅拌站:centralized concretemixing plant混凝土搅拌汽车;concrete mixer truck 混凝土搅拌: concrete agitation振捣混凝土:vibrated concrete插入式振捣器:insertion type vibrator 平板振动器:plate vibrator抹子,泥刀:trowel抹灰,抹光:troweling坍落度:slump两组试块:two sets of testing blocks混凝土见证取样:witness sampling of concrete混凝土施工缝处理:treatment of concrete construction joint初凝:initial set初凝时间:initial setting time终凝:final set终凝时间:final setting time拆除模板:form removel, form stripping 混凝土养护concrete curing草垫:straw mattress加热器:heater温度计:thermometer回填back fill回填夯实backfill consolidation十二、钢结构钢结构:steel structure涂层:coating油漆,涂料:paint底漆:paint primer中间漆:intermediate painting面漆:fanish coat透底:disclosure流坠:hanging皱皮:wrinkle 漏涂:miss painting返锈:rust again漆膜厚度:film thickness结构构件:structural member桁架:russt垂直支撑:vertical bracing小立柱:postWA325钢格板:WA325 grating斜梁:stringer踏步板:treads踏步钢格板:grating for stair tread 钢梯:steel stairway斜梯栏杆:guard rails不锈钢栏杆:stainless steel handrail 平台栏杆:GR of platform胀锚螺栓:expansion bolts预制场地:prefabrication area原材料:raw material半成品:semi-finished goods切割:cutting打磨坡口:grinding除锈:remove rust, cleaning 喷砂:sand blasting 型钢:section steel热轧工字钢:hot-rolled I-beam steel热轧槽钢:hot-rolled channel steel 热轧H型钢:hot-rolled H steel热轧钢板:hot-rolled plates热轧等边角钢:hot-rolled equal-leg anglesteel热轧不等边角钢:hot-rolled unequal-legangle steel无缝钢管:seamless steel pipes不锈钢板:stainless steel plate扁钢:strap steel垂直度:verticality分片组装:be assembled by sections现场成框:framed at site焊缝:weld seam焊缝高度:weld height焊缝长度:weld lengthV型和U型坡口:V-type and U-type bevel焊枪:welding gun焊机:welding machine焊炬:welding torch 气焊:gas welding电焊:electric welding手工焊:hand welding自动和半自动电弧焊:automatic and semi-automatic welding 对焊:butt welding角焊缝:fillet焊条:weld rod, electrode断续焊接:gap welding针孔:pinhole裂纹:crack夹渣:slag烧穿:burning out咬边:undercut漏焊:losing welding未焊透:lack of fusion弧坑:concavity [ ]磨光机:grinding machine打磨:grind半自动切割机:semi-automatic welding machine火焰切割:torchcutting机械钻孔:drill by machine焊条保温筒:rod oven喷砂除锈:the sand blasting高强度大六角头螺栓连接副:set of big hexagonal high-strength bolt 抗滑移系数:slide coefficient of fayingsurface扭矩系数:torsional moment coefficient 扭矩扳手:torsional moment wrench 电子轴力计:electronics ergometer万能材料试验机:testing machine终拧扭矩:final torsional moment (N.m) 预拉力:prestressed十三、蓄水试验蓄水试验water filling test 水深:water depth允许渗水量(L/m2· d):bleed-off allowance水面面积:water level area湿润面积:wet area测读时间:reading time初读;start reading末读:end reading水位测针读数:water level meter reading 蒸发水箱水位测针读数:water level meter readingin the evaporation water box大气温度:atmosphere temperature水温:water temperature实际渗水量(L/m2· d):actual water bleed-off十四、地基检测青岛芳烃工程岩土工程勘察报告(2004堪-02):the geotechnical investigation report in Qingdao aromatics complex project(2004kan-02)桩基低应变动力检测报告:inspection report of low stain dynamic testing of pile基桩高应变动力检测high strain dynamic testing of piles单桩静载试验static test of single pile单桩竖向抗压静载试验vertical compression bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩水平静载试验:lateral bearing capacity static test for single pile单桩竖向抗拔静载试验:vertical up-lifting bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力:vertical ultimate compress bearing capacity for a single pile 桩侧摩阻力:skin friction resistance桩端阻力:end bearing resistance单桩水平极限承载力:ultimate lateral bearing capacity for a single pile桩顶水平位移:lateral displacement单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力:ultimate vertical up-lifting bearing capacity for a single pile 工程地质概况:engineering conditions of soils素填土:Plain Fill粉质粘土:Silty Clay粉土:Silt淤泥质粉质粘土:Sludgy Silty Clay粉砂:Silty Sand中粗砂medium sand中细砂fine sand高压缩性:high compressibility中等压缩性:medium compressibility 低压缩性:low compressibility 可塑~硬塑状态:plastic-hard plastic 流塑状态:flow plastic局部软塑状态:partly soft plastic饱和saturated松散incompact泥质粉砂岩:Muddy Silty stone粉砂质泥岩:Silty mudstone泥岩:Mudstone强风化:high weathered中等风化:medium weathered反射波法:method of reflection wave 波形曲线变化特征:change characteristics of wave curve 轻微裂缝:slight defective pile桩身完整:pile of body integrity缺陷:defect断桩:breakage of pile扩颈:enlargement of pile diameter 缩颈:pile diameter reduction夹泥:slurry mixture离析:concrete segregation十五、质量检查验收质量控制点:quality control point地基验槽:ground inspection平面放线:plane setting out钢筋验收:steel rebar acceptanceinspection模板验收:formplate acceptanceinspection混凝土见证取样:witness sampling ofconcrete混凝土结构分部工程验收:acceptance inspection of divisional work for concrete structure十六、交工技术文件交工技术文件technical document for construction completion工程材料:construction material出厂合格证:Ex-work quality certificate 钢材性能检测报告:steel materialperformance testing report 钢材试验报告:steel testing reportinspection 十七、办公用品订书机stapler订书钉staple复印机copier,copy machine, photocopier 复印纸copying paper打印机printer土建专业常用规范:◆《先张法预应力混凝土管桩》(GB13476-1999)Pretensioned spun concrete piles(GB13476-1999)◆《预应力混凝土管桩》(03SG409)Prestressed spun concrete piles (03SG409)◆《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ94-94)Technical code for building pile foundation (JGJ94-94)◆《混凝土质量控制标准》(GB50164-1992)Standard of Concrete Quality Control (GB50164-1992)◆《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB 50007-2002)Code for design of building foundation (GB50007-2002)◆《建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范》(GB 50202-2002)Code for acceptance of construction quality of foundation engineering (GB 50202-2002) ◆《建筑地基处理技术规范》(JGJ79-2002 J220-2002)Technical code for ground treatment of buildings◆《建筑基桩检测技术规范》 Technical code for testing of building foundation piles (JGJ106-2003 J256-2003)◆《基桩低应变动力检测规程》(JGJ/T 93-95)Specification for low strain dynamic testing of piles (JGJ/T 93-95)◆《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》(GB 50204-2002)Code for acceptance of construction quality of concrete structures (GB 50204-2002) ◆《建筑防腐蚀工程施工及验收规范》(GB 50212-2002) Code for construction and acceptance of building corrosion prevention works (GB-50212-2002)◆《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》(GB50300-2001)Unified standard for constructional quality acceptance of building engineering◆《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》(GB 50205-2001)Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures◆《建筑钢结构焊接技术规程》(JGJ81-2002)Technical specification for Welding of steel structure of building十八、现场1.That construction site is very dangerous.Keep away from it. 建筑工地很危险,不要靠近。
土木工程专业英语(苏小卒版)翻译.

第一单元Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration.从根本上,工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业,它具有创新、成本意识,同时也注意到人为因素。
它与创建新的实体、设备或解决方案有关:新工艺、新材料、一个改进的动力来源、任务的一项更有效地安排,用以完成所需的目标或创建一个新的结构。
工程是也不仅仅关心获得经济的解决方案。
最终,人类安全才是一个最重要的考虑因素。
Engineering is concerned with the use of abstract scientific ways of thinking and of defining real world problems. The use of idealizations and development of procedures for establishing bounds within which behavior can be ascertained are part of the process.工程关心的是,使用抽象的科学方法思考和定义现实世界的问题。
土木工程专业常用英语词汇

土木工程专业常用英语词汇第一节普通术语3. 房屋建造工程building engineering4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建造外,为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建造物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所举行的勘察、计划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 马路工程highway engineering10. 建造物(构筑物)construction works房屋建造或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
11. 结构structure12. 基础foundation13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground14. 木结构timber structure16. 钢结构steel structure17. 混凝土(砼)结构concrete structure18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure22. 马路highway24. 高速马路freeway27. 铁路(铁道)railway; railroad28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1. 桥bridge2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge3. 延续梁桥continuous girder bridge5. 斜拉(斜张)桥cable stayed bridge6. 悬索(吊)桥suspension bridge7. 桁架桥trussed bridge9.刚构(刚架)桥rigid frame bridge10.拱桥arch bridge13.正交桥right bridge14.斜交桥skew bridge16.高架桥viaduct17.正(主)桥main span18.引桥approach span19.弯桥curved bridge21.马路铁路两用桥combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge 25.桥跨结构(上部结构)bridge superstructure26.桥面系bridge floor system27.桥支座bridge bearing; bridge support28.桥下部结构bridge substructure29.索塔(桥塔)bridge tower30.桥台abutment31.桥墩pier32.涵洞culvert第六节结构构件和部件术语1.构件member2.部件component; assembly parts3.截面section4.梁beam; girder5.拱arch6.板slab; plate8.柱column10.桁架truss11.框架frame12.排架bent frame13.刚架(刚构)rigid frame14.简支梁simply supported beam15.悬臂梁cantilever beam16.两端固定梁beam fixed at both ends17.延续梁continuous beam19.桩pile20.板桩sheet pile34. 钢轨rail第七节地基和基础术语1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation2. 刚性基础rigid foundation3. 自立基础single footing4. 联合基础combined footing5. 条形基础strip foundation6. 壳体基础shell foundation7. 箱形基础box foundation8. 筏形基础raft foundation9. 桩基础pile foundation10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation1. 可靠性reliability2. 安全性safety3. 适用性serviceability4. 耐久性durability5. 基本变量basic variable6. 设计基准期design reference period7. 可靠概率probability of survival8. 失效概率probability of failure9. 可靠指标reliability index12. 概率设计法probabilistic method13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method15. 极限状态设计法limit states method16. 极限状态limit states17. 极限状态方程limit state equation18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states20. 分项系数partial safety factor21. 设计情况design situation22. 持久情况persistent situation23. 短暂情况transient situation24. 偶尔情况accidental situation1. 作用action2. 荷载load3. 线分布力force per unit length4. 面分布力force per unit area5. 体分布力force per unit volume6. 力矩moment of force7. 永远作用permanent action8. 可变作用variable action9. 偶尔作用accidental action10.固定作用fixed adtion11.自由(可动)作用. Free action12. 静态作用static action13. 动态作用dynamic action14. 多次重复作用repeated action; cyclic action16. 自重self weight17. 施工荷载site load18. 土压力earth pressure19. 温度作用temperature action20. 地震作用earthquake action22.风荷载wind load23.风振wind vibration24. 雪荷载snow load27.桥(桥梁)荷载load on bridge28.桥(桥梁)恒荷载dead load on bridge29.桥(桥梁)活荷载live load on bridge30.马路车辆荷载标准Standard highway vehicle load31.中国铁路标准活载Standard Railway Live Load Specified by the People’sRepublic of China44.作用代表值representative value of an action45.作用标准值characteristic value of an action46.作用准永远值quasi-permanent value of an action47.作用组合值combination value of actions48.作用分项系数partial safety factor for action49.作用设计值design value of an action50.作用组合值系数coeffcient for combination value of actions 51.作用效应effects of actions52.作用效应系数coefficient of effects of actions53.轴向力normal force\axial force54.剪力shear force55.弯矩bending moment57.扭矩torque58.应力stress59.正应力normal stress60.剪应力shear stress; tangential stress61.主应力principal stress62.预应力prestress63.位移displacement64.挠度deflection65.变形deformation66.弹性变形elastic deformation67.塑性变形plastic deformation70.应变strain71.线应变linear strain72.剪应变shear strain; tangential strain73.主应变principal strain74.作用效应组合combination for action effects75.作用效应基本组合fundamental combination for action effects 77.短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects 78.持久效应组合combination for long-term action effects 79.设计限值limiting design value1.抗力resistance2.强度strength3.抗压强度compressive strength4.抗拉强度tensile strength5.抗剪强度shear strength6.抗弯强度flexural strength7.屈服强度yield strength8.疲劳强度fatigue strength9.极限应变ultimate strain10.弹性模量modulus of elasticity11.剪变模量shear modulus12.变形模量modulus of deformation13.泊松比Poisson ratio14.承载能力bearing capacity15.受压承载能力compressive capacity16.受拉承载能力tensile capacity17.受剪承载能力shear capacity18.受弯承载能力flexural capacity19.受扭承载能力torsional capacity20.疲劳承载能力fatigue capacity21.刚度stiffness; rigidity22.抗裂度crack resistance23.极限变形ultimate deformation24.稳定性stability26.脆性破坏brittle failure27.延性破坏ductile failure30.材料性能分项系数partial safety factor for property of material。
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轻型井点降水全貌图
二级轻型井点降水
喷射井点
电渗井点示意图
< 60V的直流电源
井点管
电极
管井井点构造
φ50出水管 钢板井盖 φ75总管
粘土封口 φ50出水管 电缆 砾石滤水层 φ375钢井管 潜水电泵 滤水管 滤网 导向段 开孔底板 中粗砂 井孔
钢管深管井井点
粘土封口 沉砂管
无砂混凝土滤 水管 砾石滤水层
m/d
0.1~20 < 0.1 20~200
3~6 m 6~20 8~20 5~6 3~5
1.6~2 地上真空泵或喷
m 射嘴真空吸水
2~3m 地下喷射嘴真空吸水
极距1m 钢筋阳极加速渗流
20~50 单井真空泵、离心泵
10~250 25~30 30~50 单井潜水泵排水
大面积降水
平管引水至大口井排出
不透水层下有渗存水层 打穿不透水层,引至下一存水层
以有效影响深度H0代替含水层厚度H用上式计算Q。 H0的确定方法:
s’/(s’+l) 0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
H0 1.3 (s’+l) 1.5 (s’+l) 1.7 (s’+l) 1.85 (s’+l)
注意:1、当H0值超过H时,取H0=H; 2、计算R时,也应以H0代入。
(4)承压完整井
R
承压水位
+0.23 70.09 70.32
0.23 (m);
-0.04
70.36
-0.55
70.40
-0.99
70.44
正值为填方高 度。
+0.55
70.26
+0.13
70.30
-0.36
70.34
-0.84
70.38
•h2 =70.36-
70.40=-0.04 (m);
•负值为挖方高度
+0.83
70.20
+0.43
70.24
-0.10
70.28
-0.63
70.32
+1.04
70.14
+0.56
70.18
+0.02
70.22
-0.44
70.26
h1
2、确定零线(挖填分界线)
插入法、比例法找零点 零点连线
+0.23 0 -0.04
70.09 70.32
70.36
-0.55
70.40
-0.99
70.44
当H埋>6m时:降低埋设面;
采用二级井点;
改用其它井点。
4.计算涌水量Q:(环状井点系统)
(1)判断井型(图)
按照滤管与不透水层的关系: 完整井――到不透水层 非完整井――未到不透水层.
按照是否承压水层: 承压井 无压井
水井的分类
(2)无压完整井群井井点计算(积分解)
Q=1.366K(2H-S)S / (lgR-lgX0) (m3/d)
K――土层渗透系数(m/d); H――含水层厚度(m); S――水位降低值(m); R――抽水影响半径(m),R=1.95S(HK)1/2; X0――环状井点系统的假想半径(m);
当长宽比A/B≯5时,X0=(F/π)1/2,否则分块计算涌水量再
累加。 F――井点系统所包围的面积。
(3)无压非完整井群井系统涌水量计算(近似解)
=70.29(m)
(2)按泄水坡度调整设计标高:
Hn = H0 Lx ix L yi y ; H1 =70.29-30×2‰+30×3‰=70.32
•H2 =70.29-
10×2‰+30×3‰ =70.36
70.09 70.32
70.36
70.40
70.44
•H3=70.29+10×2
‰+30×3‰=70.40
K的意义:水力坡度(I=Δh/L)为1时,单位
时间内水穿透土体的速度(V=KI)
•K的单位:m / d 。
•粘土< 0.1, Δh
•粗砂50~75,
•卵石100~200
• 用途:降低水位方法,
L
•回填。
3、土的质量密度:
天然密度 :一般 =16~20 KN/m3
干密度 d:是检测填土密实程度的指标。
则场地初步标高:
H0=(zi1+zi2+zi3+zi4)/4n
•zi1 、 zi2 、 zi3 、 zi4 ——一个方格各角点的 自然地面标高;
•
n——方格个数。
•或:H0=( z1+2 z2+3 z3+4 z4)/4n
•z1 1--一个方格所仅有角点的标高; •z2 、 z3 、 z4 --分别为两个、三个、四 个方格共用角点的标高。
2、场地设计标高的调整
按泄水坡度、土的可松性、就近借弃土等调整。 按泄水坡度调整各角点设计标高 :
•(1)单向排水时,各方
H11
H12
格角点设计标高为:
L
• Hn = H0 L• i
H0 H21
H0 i
•(2)双向排水时,各
Hn
方格角点设计标高为: Ly
H0
iy
• Hn = H0 Lx ix L yi y
(105℃,烘干3~4h)
4、土的含水量:
天然含水量
W=(G湿-G干)/G干
——开挖、行车(25~30%陷车)、边坡稳定
最佳含水量——可使填土获得最大密实度 的含水量(击实试验、手握经验确定)。
第二节 土方量计算与调配
一、基坑、基槽、路堤 土方量计算
1、基坑土方量:
H
按拟柱体法——
v下
V=(v下+4v中+v上)H/6
Lx
ix
【例】某建筑场地方
格网、地面标高如图, 70.09
格边长a=20m。泄 水坡度ix =2‰, iy=3‰,不考虑土的
可松性的影响,确定
方格各角点的设计标
高。 解: (1)初步设计标高(场地平均标高)
H0=(z1+2z2+3z3+4z4)/4n
=[70.09+71.43+69.10+70.70+2×(70.40+70.95+69.71+…)+4× (70.17+70.70+69.81+70.38)] /(4×9)
响大,不确定因素多。
3、施工设计应注意
(1)摸清施工条件,选择合理的施工方案与 机械;
(2)合理调配土方,使总施工量最少; (3)合理组织机械施工,以发挥最高效率; (4)作好道路、排水、降水、土壁支撑等准 备及辅助工作; (5)合理安排施工计划,避开冬、雨季施工; (6)制定合理可行的措施,保证工程质量和 安全。
+0.55
70.26
+0.13
70.30
-0.36
70.34
-0.84
70.38
+0.83
70.20
+0.43
70.24
-0.10
70.28
-0.63
70.32
+1.04
70.14
+0.56
70.18
+0.02 700.22
-0.44
70.26
3、场地土方量的计算:
分别按方格求出挖、填方量,再求整个场地总挖方量、总填方量
H M
s
不透水层
h
含水层
不透水层
•Q=2.73KMS/(lgR-lgX0) (m3/d)
•M――承压含水层厚度(m)
5.确定井管的数量与间距
(1)单井出水量:q=65π d l K1/3 (m3/d)
d、l――滤管直径、长度(m);
第一章 土方工程
概述 土方量计算与调配 土方开挖的辅助工作 土方工程机械化施工
土方填筑
第一节 概述
一、土方工程的分类、特点 1、施工分类 主要:场地平整; 坑、槽开挖; 土方填筑。 辅助:施工排、降水; 土壁支撑。 2、施工特点 (1)量大面广; (2)劳动强度大,人力施工效率低、工期长; (3)施工条件复杂,受地质、水文、气侯影
二、土的工程分类
按开挖的难易程度分为八类 一类土(松软土)、二类土(普通土) 三类土(坚土)、 四类土(砂砾坚土)
——机械或人工直接开挖 五类土(软石)、六类土(次坚石) 七类土(坚石)、八类土(特坚石)
——爆破开挖
三、土的工程性质
1、土的可松性:自然状态下的土经开挖后,体 积因松散而增加,以后虽经回填压实,仍不能恢 复。
用于面积较大的基坑。
单排井点平面及高程布置
环状井点平面及高程布置
(2)高程布置(图)
井管埋深:H埋≥H1+h+iL。 H1――埋设面至坑底距离; h――降水后水位线至坑底最小距离(一般
可取0.5~1m);
i――地下水降落坡度,环状1/10,线状1/5;
L――井管至基坑中心(环状)或另侧(线 状)距离。
要求: ( 1)排水沟:沿基坑底四周设置,底宽
≮300mm,沟底低于坑底500mm,坡度1%。 ( 2)集水井:沿基坑底边角设置,间距20~40m,
直径0.6~0.8m,井底低于坑底1~2m。长期用, 有护壁和碎石压底。
( 3)水泵:离心泵、潜水泵、污水泵……
(二)分层明沟排水法 (一)普通明沟排水法
地下含水构造的种类
不透水层 不透水层 不透水层
滞水层 潜水层 承压水层
(二)流砂现象