2020年新题型整套练习试题(结合新高考考纲)
高考物理新题型(2020年7月整理).pdf
高考物理新题型近年来，各地的高考物理试题中出现了不少物理STS 试题，也涌现了一批新题型．本讲座将就物理STS 暨高考物理新题型做一简要介绍．物 理 STS纵览近年各地的高考物理试题，浓重的STS 气息扑面而来，出现了不少联系生活、生产实际的试题．这类试题选材灵活，立意新颖，要求考生对试题所展示的实际情景进行分析、判断，弄清楚物理情景，抽象出物理模型，然后运用相应的物理知识解答．1．物理学与现代生活在物理学习中，广泛地联系社会生活实际，将大大地扩充自己的知识面，开拓自己的眼界，从而感到物理学就在身边，是一门活生生的学问．【例1】（2003年全国理科综合卷） 曾经流行过一种向自行车车头灯供电的小型交流发电机，图1为其结构示意图．图中N 、S 是一对固定的磁极，abcd 为固定在转轴上的矩形线框，转轴过bc 边中点、与ab 边平行，它的一端有一半径r 0＝1.0cm 的摩擦小轮，小轮与自行车车轮的边缘相接触，如图2所示．当车轮转动时，因摩擦而带动小轮转动，从而使线框在磁极间转动．设线框由N ＝800匝导线圈组成，每匝线圈的面积S ＝20cm 2，磁极间的磁场可视作匀强磁场，磁感强度B ＝0.010T ，自行车车轮的半径R 1＝35cm ，小齿轮的半径R 2＝4.0cm ，大齿轮的半径R 3＝10.0cm （见图 2）．现从静止开始使大齿轮加速转动，问大齿轮的角速度为多大才能使发电机输出电压的有效值U ＝3.2V ？（假定摩擦小轮与自行车轮之间无相对滑动）[答案]ω＝3.2 rad/s【例2】 电磁炉专用平底锅的锅底和锅壁均由耐高温绝缘材料制成．起加热作用的是安装在锅底的一系列半径不同的同心导电环（导电环的分布如图所示）．导电环所用材料每米的电阻为π125.0Ω，从中心向外第n 个同心圆环的半径为1)12(r n r n −=（n ＝1，2，3，…，），已知0.11=r cm ．当电磁炉开启后，能产生垂直于锅底方向的变化磁场，该磁场的磁感应强度B 随时间的变化率为t ωπsin 2100，求：（1）半径为r 1的导电圆环中感应电流的最大值是多少?（2）假设导电圆环产生的热全部以波长为6100.1−⨯m 的红外线光子辐射出来，那么半径为r 1的导电圆环上每分钟辐射出的光于数是多少?（3）若不计其他损失，所有（共7个）导电圆环释放的总功率P 是多大?（以上计算中可取102=π，34106.6−⨯=h J ·s ）[答案] A ，20102.1⨯，3109.1⨯W【例3】家用微波炉是一种利用微波的电磁能加热食物的新灶具，主要由磁控管、波导管、微波加热器、炉门、直流电源、冷却系统、控制系统、外壳等组成，如图为磁控管的示意图，一群电子在垂直于管的某截面内做匀速圆周运动，在管内有平行于管轴线方向的匀强磁场，磁感应强度为B ，在运动中这群电子时而接近电极1，时而接近电极2，从而使电极附近的电场强度发生周期性变化，由于这一群电子散布的范围很小，可以看作集中在一点，共有N 个电子，每个电子的电量为e ，质量为m ，设这群电子圆形轨道的直径为D ，电子群离电极1端点P 的最短距离为r ．（1）这群电子做圆周运动的速率、频率各是多少?（2）在电极1的端点P 处，电场强度变化的频率是多少?（3）在电极1的端点P 处，运动的电子群产生的电场强度最大值、最小值各是多少?[答案] （1）m eBD v 2=，m eB f π2= （2）m eB f π2= （3）2m ax r kNe E =，2m in )(D r kNe E += 【例4】如图所示是家用电冰箱的压缩启动装置的电路，其中，运行绕组是电冰箱在工作时的电动机定子，由于它是两向的，启动时必须依靠启动绕组的帮助才能产生旋转磁场。
2020年广东高考新题型第三次新题测试
2020年广东高考新题型第三次新题测试班级_____ 姓名____分数_______2020.10.12本套试题依照2020年广东高考新题型命制,共分四大部分,满分150分,考试时间为120分钟第一部分：听力（共两节，满分32.5分）作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上，并将“获取信息”答案填写在答题纸上。
第一节：听力（共15小题；每小题1.5分；满分22.5分）听下面五段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳的选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。
听完后，每个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第一段对话，回答第1--3小题。
1. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Mother and son.C. Teacher and student.2. Why does the woman try to persuade the man to prepare for the exam?A. Because Professor Johnson will get angry otherwise.B. Because everyone should pass the exam.C. Because the test will be difficult.3. What does the man finally decided to do?A. To study for the test.B. To watch the football game.C. To eat something before watching the game.听第二段对话，回答第4--6小题。
2020届新高考英语新题型练习01 完形填空阅读理解七选五套餐练(1)(含答案)
2020届新高考英语新题型练习完形填空阅读理解七选五套餐练（1）完形填空（山东省临沂市2020年高三上学期期末考试）Three years ago，I participated in Model United Nations(MUN)held by the Education Department，which was a mock(模拟的)UN activity．During the two days，students are separated in different groups which 21 different countries to debate and try to solve problems．MUN has 22 awards：best delegates(代表)，honorary mentions，and verbal mentions．Each time I participate in MUN，I made good 23 and undoubtedly got a few awards．But I often felt as if I’d 24 because I had never won the best delegate award．I 25 those who didn’t deserve to win the award but won it various times，and I was just filled with 26 at their success．But later I realized that it was also 27 not to get the award because I could actually 28 something，and that I shouldn’t 29 the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be．Failures are completely subjective—we can look at a result as a failure or a 30．Any failure can be regarded as a(n) 31 because you can always learn something from it and do 32 next time．This is supported by John Locke’s theory that we are born with blank views：knowledge and ability are learned from our 33．That’s true．If I make a mistake in the life practice，then I probably won’t 34 that next time．I believe this is 35 the best way to become better．21．A．strengthen B．condemn C．inspire D．represent 22．A．identical B．temporary C．various D．false 23．A．preparations B．predictions C．appointments D．explanations 24．A．accelerated B．failed C．exited D．succeeded 25．A．approached B．trained C．expected D．witnessed26．A．relief B．envy C．satisfaction D．delight 27．A．annoyed B．ashamed C．good D．terrible 28．A．desert B．1earn C．delete D．display29．A．win B．miss C．deliver D．value30．A．bond B．bet C．victory D．1oss31．A．aim B．benefit C．burden D．1imit32．A．funnier B．worse C．better D．slower33．A．decisions B．attitudes C．positions D．experiences 34．A．repeat B．admit C．accept D．notice 35．A．wrongly B．scarcely C．truly D．narrowly阅读理解（山东师大附中2017级第三次月考）AI was in the garden with Augie, my grandson, watching the bees. “How do they make honey?” Augie asked. “Actually, Augie, I don’t know,” I replied. “But, Grandma, you have your phone,” he said. For Augie, holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.During my childhood I was crazy about books. Over time, reading hijacked my brain, as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word. As far as I can tell, this early immersion (沉浸) didn’t prevent my development.Many parents worry that “screen time” will damage children’s development, but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded. There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs sleep, in people of all ages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions on screen exposure. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines stress that what matters is what children watch and with whom.New tools have always led to panic guesses. The novel, the telephone, and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization, particularly in the hands of the young. Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, while children’s brains are designed to master new environments naturally. New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them, while attractive to those children likeAugie.When Augie’s father got home, Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. “Daddy, Daddy, look,” he said, reaching for my phone. “Do you know how bees make honey? I’ll show you…”21. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hijacked” in Paragraph 2?A. occupied.B. damaged.C. improved.D. relaxed.22. What do the new guidelines of AAP focus on about “screen time”?A. The harm to children.B. The content and context.C. Children’s sleep.D. People’s fears.23. What might be the author’s attitude towards “screen time”?A. Opposed.B. Doubtful.C. Disappointed.D. Favorable.BToday companies have branches around the world. More than 11% of the US employers and employees work online either full-time or part-time, and that number is continuing growing. It is believed that it is a waste of time and money to fly around the world for face-to-face meetings. An effective solution to this problem is to use Web meetings.A large group of presentations, training classes and meetings are done online without losing the face-to-face experience. Web meetings are online meetings where an organizer invites attendees to listen to or watch an online presentation by presenters. Besides, Web meetings can be recorded for later use in presentations or training projects or downloaded for on-demand playback.Presenters can take real-time surveys to study how to hold a successful meeting. Some Web meeting software programs can monitor the users’ desktop behavior to see if they become distracted from the presentation and begin working on other documents. If so, the program can tell presenters when the listeners lose their attention, and how long the distraction lasts. In this way, the presenters will know which parts of their meetings need improving.Web meetings can work well because they’re hosted on a server (服务器). Images from the presenter’s desktop are taken, uploaded to a server and then downloaded by people who have accessto the server. Web meetings require a powerful server to deal with several images a second and “serve” them back to thousands of users at the same time.Companies have two choices when it comes to these servers. They can either buy a special Web meeting server to host their meetings on-site, or they can pay for a Web meeting service every time and let the off-site provider worry about hosting the meetings. The choice depends on how frequently the company holds Web meetings, the average number of people attending the meetings, and the quality of engineering and information technology.Web meetings are an excellent example of how technology is changing the way we do business. With all the technologies today, the traditional office might soon be a thing of the past.24.What is the disadvantage of the traditional meeting?A.It needs more people to organize it.B.It is expensive and time-consuming.C.It results in traffic accidents frequently.D.It fails to meet the demands of big companies.25.How do some Web meeting software programs help improve the meetings?A.By presenting successful documents.B.By recording the frequency of distraction.C.By tracking the listeners’ state of attention.D.By taking surveys about a successful meeting.26.What do you know about Web meetings according to the text?A.Web meetings are likely to be widely used.B.Web meetings help presenters stay focused.C.Web meetings determine the quality of engineering.D.Web meetings work well without the help of a server.CEvery year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes – and finds that alumni (毕业生) of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact.The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of alumni rated the teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought t hat it was one of the most important experiences they’d ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about arts even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults.Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with their income and educational attainment as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.27. What does the underlined phrase “the fact” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Changing the course of children’s life.B. Participating in childhood art programs.C. Organizing arts-based museum programs.D. Remembering the time at museum events.28. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell?A. The result of the study.B. The process of the study.C. The approach to the study.D. The object and content of the study.29. What can be inferred of the study mentioned in the text?A. Passion for arts may remain long in kids’ whole life.B. No other studies exist concerning the benefits of arts.C. Age matters in how people view their art experiences.D. Most children taking part in art programs will work in arts.30. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. How is Art Connected to Our Life?B. Can Art Education Affect Our Income?C. What Should Art Museums do for Kids?D. Should Children Walk into Art Museums?七选五（山东师范大学附属中学2020届高三第三次月考）Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from ourselves or someone else. The positive and negative effects are just as lasting.31 We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. 32Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. 33Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we oncesaid. We remember unkind words said to us as well. Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: 34 If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best. 35 Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.A.Is it loving?B.How should I say it?C.We all talk to ourselves sometimes.D.Negative words destroy all those things.E.Generally people like positive and pleasant words.F.However, critical language may cause anger and defense.G.So we should only speak encouraging words to ourselves.参考答案完型填空21-25DCABD 26-30 BCBAC 31-35 BCDAC阅读理解21-25ABD BC 26-30 ABDAD七选五CGFAD。
2020新高考英语新题型练习05 完形填空阅读理解七选五套餐练(5)附答案
完形填空阅读理解七选五套餐练（5）完形填空（山东省潍坊市临朐2019-2020学年高三阶段性监测）I would like to send a huge shout out to Valerie, a manager at Home Depot. I, together with my son--- a boy with special needs, came in to 36 up a refrigerator box that she 37 for me. I was 38 to use it to build a police car for Halloween around my son’s wheelchair. When I explained the 39 to Valerie, she did not 40 to offer help. After getting the box, Valerie started to 41 down to cut the box for me. My son was happy to 42 her and they got along well with each other in doing the work.After we got the box loaded, Valerie helped us brainstorm and find the other 43 we would need. Then, as we neared the checkout, she had the entire order 44 . I tried to refuse but she just said that it would bless her 45 . My disabled son may not have understood anything 46 that Valerie was kind and patient with him, but I really appreciated this huge act of 47 . The biggest blessing for me was the way she 48 my son and the way he responded to her.Thanks to Valerie, Home Depot was also 49 their Saturday craft work-shops（手工艺作坊）into my son’s school. This way, our special kids could have 50 to a wonderful environment, where they could make their own crafts! Almost all kids in the class were 51 at the activities, which made them feel the value of themselves. It turned out to be 52 with all of them at last.I think one of the most 53 things that special-needs parents need to understand is that it’s OK to let other people in. Sometimes it’s hard to accept others’ 54 ; but when you refuse it, you 55 stand in the way of letting other people bless you and in turn that blesses them.36.A. build B. pick C. show D. cut37.A. kept B. bought C. made D. chose38.A. commanded B. planning C. studying D. instructed39.A. theory B. problems C. rules D. project40.A. hesitate B. pretend C. Agree D. Dare41.A. bend B. take C. turn D. put42.A. trust B. pity C. please D. join43.A. material B. methods C. ideas D. assistance44.A. changed B. shared C. paid D. arranged45.A. quickly B. privately C. quietly D. greatly46.A. along with B. next to C. instead of D. other than47.A. understanding B. kindness C. harmony D. politeness48.A. considered B. treated C. taught D. charged49.A. transforming B. adapting C. binging D. adding50.A. admission B. access C. attachment D. reaction51.A. embarrassed B. confused C. surprised D. excited52.A. demanding B. imaginary C. popular D. familiar53.A. difficult B. important C. pleasant D. meaningful54.A. respect B. guidance C. help D. invitation55.A. even B. clearly C. exactly D. actually阅读理解（湖北省十堰市2020年高三上学期元月调研考试）AStudent Scholarships5 Strong ScholarshipApplication Deadline： August 20thScholarship Description： The 5 Strong Scholarship Foundation is a team of experienced educators that have over 30 years of experience in helping minority nationality students get into college. We have teamed up to form a foundation that's going to be devoted to building groups of 5 college ready scholars and placing them on the campuses of Historically Black Colleges and Universities.Contact： Andrew H. Ragland； 770-873-6621$ 1,000 College JumpStart ScholarshipApplication Deadline： October 8thScholarship Description： The $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship is a virtue-based competition that is open to 7th—12th graders and college students and non — traditional students. Applicants must be juniorsor seniors or adult students.Contact： Adrian Monk； 650-319-8441ACF Andrew Piech Memorial ScholarshipApplication Deadline： July 9thScholarship Description： One or more scholarships are awarded each year to New Mexico graduating high school seniors and continuing college students. Students must go after a degree or certificate from a non-profit public or technical professional institution including community college.Contact： Daniel White； 505-883-6240“Species On The Edge 2. 0” Social ScholarshipApplication Deadline： September 19thScholarship Description：Conserve Wildlife Foundation invites high school student from across the state to submit an original social media campaign showing why wildlife is important to protect. The fun and educational contest provides students with the opportunity to show their talent, creativity and love for nature. The students may get scholarships if they perform well.Contact： Stephanie Dalessio； 609-984-602121. What's the $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship mainly based on?A. Certificate.B. Virtue.C. Protecting wildlife.D. Helping black students.22.Who can minority nationality students call for help if they want to get a scholarship?A. Stephanie Dalessio.B. Adrian Monk.C. Daniel White.D. Andrew H. Ragland.23. Which of the following is intended for New Mexican students?A. 5 Strong Scholarship.B. $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship.C. ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship.D. “Species On The Edge 2. 0" Social Scholarship.BA bunch of strangers showed up at the gym in the early morning of the last Sunday of April. A few athletes were already stretching their arms, but most of us could barely focus. As I was burning off last night's wrong decision—a big meal, I spotted a poster about a gym's 21-day workout challenge, and I immediately signed up. I always wanted to train for a marathon, so I considered this as my warm-up. Besides, I needed to stop being lazy and this was my chance to make a change.It was easy to promise on paper, but three weeks of recommended exercise routines and diet restrictions wouldn't be easy. I stuck to working out 30 minutes a day, and I didn't disturb my normal routine. Instead, I had to be faced with the tough work of being more creative in my spare time, thus breaking some bad habits.Overcoming weaknesses with willpower was my goal for the next part of the journey. But the difficult part about making a challenge is realizing that “wanting" and “doing" are two very different things. Just like a career, you have to physically work for it rather than just wait for it to happen. But that's hard. Throughout the 21 days, I often told myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried to sabotage myself from exercising. However, finally I overcame that negative thought and kept working out.At the end of the challenge, I learned something even more important: Feeling the results is better than seeing them. I had fewer headaches and more energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter as I researched which foods were better for my body, and learned how to make healthier meals. I felt a sense of accomplishment, too, because even though I wanted to give up dozens of times, I didn't. I felt my waist got smaller and my arms got stronger, and I no longer felt guilty after having a piece of cake or a drink.24. What was the author's wrong decision?A. Going to the gym early.B. Training for a marathon.C. Eating a lot the previous night.D. Stopping being lazy for a change.25. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Some of the author's bad habits.B. Some ways of the author's killing his spare time.C. The importance of sticking to the normal daily routine.D. The difficulty of the author's keeping on with the workout plan.26. What does the underlined word “sabotage" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Prevent.B. Hear.C. Improve.D. Distinguish.27. What did the author learn from the workout challenge?A. Eating healthy food is more important than exercising.B. Overcoming a challenge could bring good feelings to him.C. It's more important to see what he likes than just feel it.D. There was no need to feel guilty about things he disliked to do.CA new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide （二氧化硫）.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing pollutedair can reduce a person's education level by about one year.Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.“The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China's 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution orhumans will face a bad situation.28. What is the result of the study?A. Air pollution has a bad effect on people's intelligence.B. Females are more affected by air pollution than males.C. Americans are more affected by air pollution than Chinese.D. People working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.29. What did Chen say about the study?A. It is doubtful.B. It is extremely unfair.C. It is common and not representative.D. It is relatively objective and persuasive.30. What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?A. The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.B. The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.C. The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.D. Air pollution's influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.31. Where is the text most likely taken from?A. A life diary.B. A guidebook.C. A science magazine.D. A biography.DStories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else?To revive （复兴）literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers （分发机）in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the company and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.“Everything old is n ew again," said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. “We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire theircreativity.Here's how a dispenser works： It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of more than 100,000 original submissions by writers whoseworks have been evaluated by Short Edition's judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like children's fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contests.Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. “The idea is to make people happy," said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, “There is too much unhappiness today. ”32. What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers?A. They are expensive.B. They are short in form.C. They can be read on smartphones.D. They are mainly taken from magazine literature.33. Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America?A. In paragraph 3.B. In paragraph 4.C. In paragraph 5.D. In paragraph 6.34. Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nurkin?A. To get rid of people's smartphone addiction.B. To reduce the financial stress of libraries.C. To make people have access to literature.D. To advertise the network literature.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: a Virtual TourB. Short Edition, a French PublisherC. Everything Old Will Be Popular AgainD. Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button七选五（福建省厦门外国语学校2020届高三12月月考）It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention. 36 Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.Humans are born to trade. 37 Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things comes naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist.Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes（斧子）. 38 Finally, both groups of "producers", by concentrating on things they could produce and exchanging them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes（染料）have been found in an area where none were produced. 39 Small round pieces of glass 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us was not just random findings—they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace.Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today. 40 However, their modern equivalents—fast cars and expensive clothes—hold the same attraction for us as "trade goods" did for people 100,000 years ago.A．And we don't need shops or money to do it.B．These are powerful proofs for cash purchase.C．In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity.D．However, the first trade began from the exchange of objects.E．Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces.F．It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30 kilometres away. G．Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.参考答案完形填空36-40 BABDA 41-45ADACD 46-50DBBCB 51-55DCBCD阅读理解21 -23 BDC 24 -27 CDAB 28 -31 ADBC 32-35 BACD七选五36-40 CAGFE。
2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考模拟卷)
英语试题 第1页（共10页） 英语试题 第2页（共10页）绝密★启用前|全国一线试题命制中心2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一模拟【新课标4卷】英 语（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15.答案是 C 。
1．Why does the man want to leave? A ．The service is too slow. B ．The food is bad. C ．The music is too loud. 2．What does the woman do? A ．A teacher. B ．A nurse. C ．A shop assistant.3．What has the man decided to do? A ．Continue his talk with Mr Black. B ．Go to see an engineer. C ．Check the schedule.4．Where does the conversation most probably take place?A ．On a bus.B ．In a library.C ．In a shop.5．How did the man feel about his jump in the end? A ．Terrified. B ．Disappointed. C ．Excited.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
高中语文2023高考语言文字运用新题型练习(共五大题,附参考答案)
高考语文语言文字运用新题型练习班级考号姓名总分附：参考答案一、18.福厦高铁将成为我国高速铁路网中沿海大通道的重要组成部分，有利于长三角与大湾区的南北贯通。
（原句有两处语病，一是结构混乱，去掉“带来益处”；二是搭配不当，把“的修建”去掉。
4分。
每处2分）19.(静态验收是）对铁路建设项目工程按设计完成且质量合格、设备安装调试完毕且质量合格进行全面检查确认的过程。
（4分。
单句1分，“按设计完成且质量合格”1分，“设备安装调试完毕且质量合格”1分，“全面检查确认”1分）二、18．①鱼龙混杂（泥沙俱下、龙蛇混杂、良莠不齐）②日新月异（突飞猛进、一日千里）③推陈出新（革故鼎新、独辟蹊径）解析：第一处，结合上文“从事这些职业的人大多是底层劳动者，成分复杂”，此处是说从事这些职业的人好坏人都有，可以填“鱼龙混杂（泥沙俱下、龙蛇混杂）”，“鱼龙混杂”：比喻坏人和好人混在一起。
第二处，结合上文“因时而变”“新陈代谢”，此处是说时代发展快、变化大，可以填“日新月异（突飞猛进、一日千里）”，“日新月异”每天每月都有新的变化，形容发展、进步很快。
第三处，结合上下文“职业因时而变”“不断跟上时代的节拍”，推断此处是说“倒逼老行当在形式与内容上”要不断创新，可以填“推陈出新（革故鼎新、独辟蹊径）”。
“推陈出新”：去掉旧事物的糟粕，取其精华，并使它向新的方向发展（多指继承文化遗产）。
19．无论是（不管是）千磨万砺中的坚韧、一针一线里的静气，还是修修补补的勤俭、择一行终一生的匠心，都凝结着中国人的生活智慧和朴素的人生哲理（道理）。
评分标准：①关联词语使用不当，“不但是……和……”改成“无论是……还是……”或“不管是……还是……”（如改成其他关联词语，只要符合逻辑，均可酌情给分。
）（2分）②搭配不当，“凝固“要改为“凝结”（如改成其他词语，意思对即可）。
(1分)③成分残缺，缺少宾语中心语，句末要加上“哲理”或“道理”。
（如写其他词语，意思对即可）（1分）20．①比拟，“守望着……”赋予老行当以人的情态、动作，生动地再现了老行当与百姓生活的密切关系，突出了老行当是国人共同的记忆。
组合04现代文阅读+古代诗歌+微写作(解析版)-2020年新高考北京语文新题型组合训练
组合04 现代文阅读+古代诗歌+微写作板块一现代文阅读（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一目前，被誉为“中国天眼”的500米口径球面射电望远镜，还未正式运行就新发现6颗脉冲星。
中国科学家在北京发布了它取得的首批成果。
“中国天眼”是中国“十一五”重大科技基础设施之一，基于选址方法、索网主动反射面、柔性索结合并联机器人的馈源支撑这三项中国自主创新技术，它突破了射电望远镜工程的极限。
在未来可预见的二三十年内，它将是我们这个星球最先进、最灵敏的射电望远镜。
人类迄今已发现2500余颗脉冲星。
但在“中国天眼”问世前，中国望远镜从未捕捉到新的脉冲星。
事实证明，重大的科学突破离不开科研仪器的进步。
世界各国相继认识到大科学装置在国家创新能力建设中的重要地位，中国也在不断兴建重器。
包括“中国天眼”在内，仅中国科学院目前运行和在建的重大科技基础设施就有23个。
2013年国务院印发的《国家重大科技基础设施建设中长期规划（2012-2030年）》对能源、生命、天文等7个科学领域进行了系统（甲）bùshǔ。
中国科学院国家天文台台长严俊认为，“中国天眼”调试进展超过预期、打破了大型同类设备调试周期的国际惯例，并有系统的科学产出，这得益于（乙）卓．有成效的早期科学规划和人才储备。
从最初不到5人的研究小组扩大到上百人团队，“中国天眼”凭借国内100多家参建单位的力量，由跟踪模仿发展到集成创新。
发布会当日，人们自发为“中国天眼”之父，项目总工程师兼首席科学家南仁东先生默哀。
2017年9月15日，在“中国天眼”落成近一周年之际，曾为之奔波奋斗的南先生（丙）溘．然长逝。
当年他毅然舍弃高薪，回国就任中国科学院北京天文台副台长。
1993年国际无线电科学联盟大会上，外国科学家们提出要建造新一代射电望远镜，以接受更多来自外太空的讯息。
南先生跟同事们说：“咱们也建一个吧！”从那时起，一干就是二十多年。
如今“中国天眼”新发现的脉冲星（丁）yìyì生辉，人们感慨它“足以告慰老南”。
高考数学试题2024新高考新题型考前必刷卷01(参考答案)
2024年高考考前信息必刷卷（新题型地区专用）01数学·答案及评分标准（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。
12345678DDBDADAA二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目的要求，全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分。
91011ADABCAC第II 卷（非选择题）三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分。
12．513．①④14．①③四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。
15．（13分）【解析】（1）当1a =时，函数31()ln 222f x x x x x =--+的定义域为(0,)+∞，求导得21()ln 212f x x x '=+-，（2分）令21()ln ,0212g x x x x =+->，求导得233111()x g x x x x-'=-=，（4分）当01x <<时，()0g x '<，当1x >时，()0g x '>，则函数()g x 在(0,1)上递减，在(1,)+∞上递增，()(1)0g x g ≥=，即(0,)∀∈+∞x ，()0f x '≥，当且仅当1x =时取等号，所以函数()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递增，即函数()f x 的递增区间为(0,)+∞.（6分）（2）依题意，5(2)2ln 204f a =->，则0a >，（7分）由（1）知，当1x ≥时，31ln 2022x x x x--+≥恒成立，当1a ≥时，[1,)x ∀∈+∞，ln 0x x ≥，则3131()ln 2ln 202222f x ax x x x x x x x=--+≥--+≥，因此1a ≥；（9分）当01a <<时，求导得231()(1ln )22f x a x x '=+-+，令231()(1ln )22h x a x x =+-+，（11分）求导得()23311a ax h x x x x -=-='，当1x <<时，()0h x '<，则函数()h x ，即()f x '在上单调递减，当x ∈时，()(1)10f x f a ''<=-<，因此函数()f x 在上单调递减，当x ∈时，()(1)0f x f <=，不符合题意，所以a 的取值范围是[1,)+∞.（13分）16．（15分）【解析】（1）由题意得584018x =-=，422220y =-=；（4分）（2）由22()()()()()n ad bc a b c d a c b d χ-=++++，得22100(40221820) 4.625 3.84158426040χ⨯⨯-⨯=≈>⨯⨯⨯，∴有95%以上的把握认为“生育意愿与城市级别有关”．（8分）（3）抽取6名育龄妇女，来自一线城市的人数为20624020⨯=+，记为1，2，来自非一线城市的人数为40644020⨯=+，（10分）记为a ，b ，c ，d ，选设事件A 为“取两名参加育儿知识讲座，求至少有一名来自一线城市”，基本事件为：(1,2),(1,),(1,),(1,),(1,),(2,),(2,),(2,),(2,),(,),(,)a b c d a b c d a b a c ，(,),(,),(,),(,)a d b c b d c d ，事件(1,2),(1,),(1,),(1,),(1,),(2,),(2,)(2,),(2,)A a b c d a b c d 共有9个，（13分）93()155P A ==或63()1155P A ⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭（15分）17．（15分）【解析】（1）因为//AD BC ，且22BC AD AB AB BC ===⊥，可得AD AB ==2BD ==，（2分）又因为45DBC ADB ∠=∠=︒，可得2CD ==，所以222BD DC BC +=，则CD BD ⊥，（4分）因为平面ABD ⊥平面BCD ，平面ABD ⋂平面BCD BD =，且CD ⊂平面BCD ，所以CD ⊥平面ABD ，又因为AB ⊂平面ABD ，所以CD AB ⊥；（6分）（2）因为CD ⊥平面ABD ，且BD ⊂平面ABD ，所以CD BD ⊥，（7分）如图所示，以点D 为原点，建立空间直角坐标系，可得()1,0,1A ，()2,0,0B ，()0,2,0C ，()0,0,0D ，（9分）所以()0,2,0CD =- ，()1,0,1AD =--．设平面ACD 的法向量为(),,n x y z = ，则200n CD y n AD x z ⎧⋅=-=⎪⎨⋅=--=⎪⎩，令1x =，可得0,1y z ==-，所以()1,0,1n =-，（11分）假设存在点N ，使得AN 与平面ACD 所成角为60 ，（12分）设BN BC λ=uuu r uu u r，（其中01λ≤≤），则()22,2,0N λλ-，()12,2,1AN λλ=-- ，所以sin 60n ANn AN⋅︒==（13分）整理得28210λλ+-=，解得14λ=或12λ=-（舍去），所以在线段BC 上存在点N ，使得AN与平面ACD 所成角为60︒，此时14=BN BC ．（15分）18．（17分）【解析】（1）由已知得()11,0F -，22220000313434x y x y +=⇒=-（2分）则10122PF x ==+．所以当012x =时，194PF =；（5分）（2）设(),0M m ，在12F PF △中，PM 是12F PF ∠的角平分线，所以1122PF MF PF MF =，（6分）由（1）知10122PF x =+，同理20122PF x =-，（8分）即0012121122x m m x ++=--，解得014m x =，所以01,04M x ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，过P 作PH x ⊥轴于H ．所以34PM MH PNOH ==．（10分）（3）记1F N P 面积的面积为S ，由（1）可得，(100001114423612S F M y y x x =⋅+=+=+()()02,00,2x ∈-⋃，则)20022S xx =+'-，（12分）当()()02,00,1x ∈-⋃时，0,S S '>单调递增；当)01,2x ∈时，0,S S '<单调递减．（16分）所以当01x =-时，S 最大．（17分）19．（17分）【解析】（1）由题意得124n a a a +++= ，则1124++=或134+=，故所有4的1减数列有数列1,2,1和数列3，1.（4分）（2）因为对于1i j n ≤<≤，使得i j a a >的正整数对(),i j 有k 个，且存在m 的6减数列，所以2C 6n ≥，得4n ≥.（6分）①当4n =时，因为存在m 的6减数列，所以数列中各项均不相同，所以1234106m ≥+++=>.（7分）②当5n =时，因为存在m 的6减数列，所以数列各项中必有不同的项，所以6m ≥.（8分）若6m =，满足要求的数列中有四项为1，一项为2，所以4k ≤，不符合题意，所以6m >.（9分）③当6n ≥时，因为存在m 的6减数列，所以数列各项中必有不同的项，所以6m >.综上所述，若存在m 的6减数列，则6m >.（10分）（3）若数列中的每一项都相等，则0k =，若0k ≠，所以数列A 存在大于1的项，若末项1n a ≠，将n a 拆分成n a 个1后k 变大，所以此时k 不是最大值，所以1n a =.（12分）当1,2,,1i n =- 时，若1i i a a +<，交换1,i i a a +的顺序后k 变为1k +，所以此时k 不是最大值，所以1i i a a +≥.若{}10,1i i a a +-∉，所以12i i a a +≥+，所以将i a 改为1i a -，并在数列末尾添加一项1，所以k 变大，所以此时k 不是最大值，所以{}10,1i i a a +-∈.（14分）若数列A 中存在相邻的两项13,2i i a a +≥=，设此时A 中有x 项为2，将i a 改为2，并在数列末尾添加2i a -项1后，k 的值至少变为11k x x k ++-=+，所以此时k 不是最大值，所以数列A 的各项只能为2或1，所以数列A 为2,2,,2,1,1,,1 的形式.设其中有x 项为2，有y 项为1，因为存在2024的k 减数列，所以22024x y +=，所以()2220242220242(506)512072k xy x x x x x ==-=-+=--+，（16分）所以，当且仅当506,1012x y ==时，k 取最大值为512072.所以，若存在2024的k 减数列，k 的最大值为512072.（17分）。
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高考模拟试题（结合新高考考纲详细解说）高考风向标：山东省、海南省这一次模考也被视作新高考改革的风向标，未来高考的命题思路、考查形式、试题结构、出题重点，基本由此确定。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)考纲解读：（1）第1小题属于筛选和整合文中的信息；（2）第2小题是根据材料内容进行推断；（3）第3小题属于对材料外论据的分析。
三道选择题里前两道题都中规中矩，是保留了之前论述类文本的第1、3题，而第3题虽然考查了一个合理论据的选择，但是其实是之前论述类文本第2题的变种（借鉴天津卷实用类中题目）。
（4）第4小题问“材料二在论证上有哪些特点？请简要说明”属于一个比较新的问题，提示我们去关注论证方法、论证逻辑；（5）第5小题问“用传统意义上的文学性来评价科幻小说是否合理？请结合材料谈谈你的看法”，与“实用类文本”的传统问答题比较类似，选择立场自圆其说即可。
3. 文章字数现代文阅读Ⅰ材料阅读量2100字，阅读量增加较大。
需提高阅读效率，保证做题节奏。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:在《论语》里孔子被描写成一个教育家。
从某种观点看来,也的确如此。
他期望他的弟子成为对国家、对社会有用的“成人”(《论语·宪问》),所以教给他们以经典为基础的各门知识。
作为教师,他觉得他的基本任务,是向弟子们解释古代文化遗产。
《论语》记载,孔子说他自己“述而不作”(《论语·述而》),就是这个缘故。
不过这只是孔子的一个方面,他还有另一方面，这就是,在传述传统的制度和观念时,孔子给予它们的解释,是由他自己的道德观推导出来的。
例如在解释“三年之丧”这种古老的礼制时,孔子说:“子生三年,然后免于父母之怀。
夫三年之丧,天下之通丧也。
”(《论语·阳货》换句话说,儿子的一生，至少头三年完全依赖父母，因此父母死后他应当以同样长的时间服丧,表示感恩。
还有在讲授经典时,孔子给它们以新的解释。
例如讲到《诗》,他强调它的道德价值时说:“《诗》三百,一言以蔽之，日‘思无邪’。
”(《论语·为政》)这样一来,孔子就不只是单纯地传述了,因为他在“述”里“作”出了一些新的东西。
这种以“述”为“作”的精神,被后世儒学传之永久,经书代代相传时,他们就写出了无数的注疏。
后来的《十三经注疏》,就是用这种精神对经书原文进行注释而形成的。
(摘编自冯友兰《孔子:第一位教师》)概况述而不作，材料一：向弟子解释传授古代文化遗产，并且由自己的道德观推导出来。
他在“述”里“作”出了一些新的东西，值得赞扬、学习和借鉴。
材料二:“述”的内涵非常丰富。
《说文解字》将“述”解释为“循”;在现代汉语中，“述”可以理解为“叙述”“陈述”“讲述”“论述”或“阐述”等等。
在《中庸》中，儒家德性“孝”的定义和“述”是相关的。
《中庸》:“夫孝者，善继人之志，善述人之事者也。
”如果我们将“孝”的这种解释和孔子在《论语·述而》第一章中的自我描述联系起来，“述”的深层含义便跃然纸上，也就是“述”表达了“孝”的德性。
孔子践履“孝”这种德性的对象是天。
《论语·八佾》讲到，“天下之无道也久矣，天将以夫子为木铎”。
孔子道德追寻的是天的使命。
对于孔子而言，他的工作就是传天道，兴天道。
在《论语·阳货》第十八章中，孔子说他不想再说话，但是他的弟子子贡说:“子如不言，则小子何述焉?”孔子回答:“天何言哉!四时行焉，百物生焉。
天何言哉!”从这段话中可以得出两点:第一，孔子述的是天道，天是最终的创造者;第二，孔子认为自己是天道的述者，子贡则将自己看作是孔子思想的述者。
孔子践履德性的活动表达了对天的“孝”，而子贡践履德性的活动则表达了对孔子的“孝”。
因此，孔子将他对经典的传承比作一个孝子做的事情。
儿子对父亲最大的孝是对父亲志向、事业、梦想的继承、实现和发扬光大。
同样孔子述的天道也是对天的孝。
对于孔子而言，他的智力活动是恢复天道，这就是对天尽孝。
在孔子那里，“孝”的含义涉及了延续文化传统和历史传承的义务。
孔子不是唯一把哲学活动与“孝”联结起来的人。
孔子与柏拉图早期的作品《游叙弗伦》对“孝”的定义殊途同归。
苏格拉底的诘问对象游叙弗伦得出“孝”是公正的一部分，“孝”是人类对上帝的侍奉。
苏格拉底认为自己的哲学活动就是对神灵的侍奉，自己的问答法就是对神灵的侍奉。
基于苏格拉底对上帝侍奉的论证，苏格拉底提供的答案就是进行哲学活动是对上帝真正的“孝”。
对哲学活动与孝的密切联系，亚里士多德也有所表述。
他在《尼各马可伦理学》中说，“孝”要求更加尊重真理而不是尊重你的朋友。
他认为“孝”的对象是真理，而不是上帝。
践行“孝”这一德性活动是追求哲学的严肃义务，因为追寻哲学是为了探寻真理。
孔子、苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德都把哲学活动和“孝”联结起来，尽管每一个人对“孝”的理解不同，这也反映了他们做哲学的方法不同。
苏格拉底通过诘问的方式审查人的信念;亚里士多德更多地是通过对前人理论的考察、批判发现真理;孔子则认为从事“孝”的活动就是对天道的传承。
(摘编自余纪元金小燕韩燕丽《“述而不作”何以成就孔子?》)材料二当中，孔子传承天命，传天道，兴天道，对天尽孝，就是“孝”的含义涉及了延续文化传统，和历史传承的义务。
值得肯定，赞扬，发扬光大。
材料三:“述而不作”的信条影响深远,达两千年之久,成为风气。
自孔子以后,儒家教育多遵从这一原则,以传授、注解经典为己任。
要从事这一学问,必然熟记经文才能言而有据。
因而，熟记经典成为学生的基本功。
孔子教育弟子是为了让他们从政,用子夏的话说是“学而优则仕”(《论语·子张》)。
隋唐以后,科举盛行,官方明确规定了读书人的出路,只有为官一途。
学校成为向科举输送考生的途径之一。
科举使用八股文体,专以四书五经命题，以儒家经典考学生,答案阐释以经典为准,不允许有超出范围的见解。
可以说,孔子“述而不作”的信条,使得他在教学中有偏重继承、轻视创新的倾向;伦理关系与师生关系的结合,造成学生对教师的依赖,这使人们从青少年时代起就减少或部分失去了探索未知的兴趣。
这样使得传统教育以教师解释、学生背诵为基本方式，因循以往,缺乏创新精神。
(摘编自李杨《“述而不作”与传统教育》)1.下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是(3 分)A.《论语》中虽然记录孔子说自己“述而不作”,其实孔子在传述文化遗产的同时,也“作”了一些新的东西,后孔子时代的儒学都长期传承并发展着这种精神。
B.“述而不作”中的“述”内涵非常丰富,在古代辞书中解释为“循”,但在现代汉语中这一含义被“叙述”陈述”“讲述”“论述”或“阐述”等含义所取代。
C.在儒家经典著作《中庸》一书中,认为“孝”应包括“善述人之事也”,也就是说，“述而不作”中的“述”与“孝”是统一的,这种理解恰好切合孔子的观点。
D.“述而不作”的信条,后来成为儒学教育的一条重要原则,熟记经典成为学生的基本功，这一传统一直影响到后来的科举考试,并且命题答案均以四书五经为限。
D（A 材料- -第二段原文说“这种以*述’为作’的精神,被后世儒学传之永久”，并非“都”“发展”;B 材料二开头一段原文仅仅对“述”的古今含义做了客观摘录,并未说古代的含义被现代含义“所取代”;C 材料二第二段在对《中庸》中这句话的分析阐述时只是说“述'表达了‘孝’的德性”,但这句话并不包含这两者“统一”的意思。
）2.根据材料一和材料二，下列说法不正确的一项是(3 分)A.作为第一位教师,孔子期望把学生培养成对国家和社会有用的人;作为伟大的思想家，他认为从事“孝”的活动是对天道的传承。
B.孔子认为，儿子出生的头三年完全依赖父母,故父母死后孩子应以同样的时长服丧以表感恩，于是提出了“三年之丧”的礼制。
C.“孝”在儒家思想学说中占有着重要的地位，在孔子看来，“孝”不仅限于父母,也体现在对历史的传承和对文化传统的延续。
D.孔子、柏拉图、苏格拉底、亚里士多德等人都将哲学活动与“孝”联结起来,因做哲学的方法不同,对“孝”的理解也有差异。
3.下列说法中，可以作为论据来支撑材料二主要观点的一项是(3分)A.“上帝为每个人灵魂提供了选择机会:或是拥有真理,或是得到安宁。
你可以任选其一,但不能兼而有之。
”B.“倘若没有天地,哪里会有人类生存发展的空间。
因此,敬天祈福正是对天地自然献上的一份崇高敬意。
”C.“优秀传统文化是一个国家、一个民族传承和发展的根本，如果丟掉了,就割断了精神命脉。
”D.“孝子之事亲也,居则致其敬,养则致其乐，病则致其忧，丧则致其哀，祭则致其严。
五者备矣,然后能事亲。
”解说：C（要正确选出支撑材料二主要观点的语句,首先要明确材料二的主要观点。
从阅读材料二不难发现,这段材料主要是就孔子的“孝”展开论述的，而论述的中心就是延续文化传统和历史传承。
因此,该题提供的四个选项只有C 可以作为这一论点的论据。
A 强调要拥有真理;B 表达对天地自然的敬畏;D 只是就孝顺父母宗亲而言的。
）4.材料二在论证上有哪些特点特色?请简要说明。
(4 分)(1)紧紧围绕中心论点展开论述,主要以孔子的言行为论据;(2)采用递进式的论证结构,层层深入,逻辑严密;(3)论证综合运用了多种论证方法,如引证法、例证法、类比论证等。
评分标准:答出- -点给1分,答出两点给2分,答出三点给4分。
如第1点只答出“主要以孔子的言行为论据”,第2点只答出“递进式的论证结构”也算对;第3点必须答出具体的论证方法.答出两种方法也可,但必须包含“类比论证”,否则不给分。
如有其他答案,只要言之成理，也可酌情给分。
都不会：（1）论证包括论证结构和论证方法。
常见的论证结构有并列式、递进式、对照式。
（2）论证有立论和驳论两种方式。
常见的论证方法有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证、比喻论证等。
5.对影响两千年之久的孔子“述而不作”的信条,你是如何看待的?请结合材料谈谈你的认识。
(6 分)"述而不作”有其积极的一面,孔子向弟子们解释古代文化遗产,对文化经典的传承以及要求学生熟背文化经典都是值得提倡和继承的;但教学中偏重继承,限制学生探索未知的兴趣和创新精神,又有局限性。
评分标准:答出一点给3分,答出两点得6分。
两点必须是从“积极”和“局限”两个方面来回答。
意思答对即可。
如有其他答案,只要言之成理,也可酌情给分。
二、现代文学阅读Ⅱ文本选择（考纲解读）1.在19年考纲中明确规定了“小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧”，这里诗歌专指现代诗歌。
明确指向——所学有可能所考。
2.山东卷整体阅读数量减少，这里很大程度上是文体的原因（新诗），阅读总量应该与原来保持相仿（海南卷小说）。
3.改题型材料选取，未来可能”小说”“诗歌”“散文”“戏剧”会在同一试卷中不同年份交替考查或相同年份的不同试卷中同时考查。