YC4G-20系列柴油机使用维护说明书(中英文)
柴油发动机维护指南说明书
TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDEThis dossier on tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) presents the most critical studies pertinent to the risk assessment of TMAC in its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids. It does not represent an exhaustive or critical review of all available data. The majority of information presented in this dossier was obtained from the ECHA database that provides information on chemicals that have been registered under the EU REACH (ECHA). Where possible, study quality was evaluated using the Klimisch scoring system (Klimisch et al., 1997).Screening Assessment Conclusion – TMAC was assessed as a tier 1 chemical for acute toxicity. This was based on aquatic toxicity studies for TMAC in fish along with the preponderance of data for read-across substance tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) in invertebrates and algae indicating a classification of tier 1 (3 of 4 studies). TMAC was assessed as a tier 3 chemical for chronic toxicity based on a single aquatic toxicity study for TMAC in invertebrates. However, TMAC is determined to biodegrade in the environment very quickly suggesting chronic lab data would be less relevant than acute results. As a result, based on preponderance of data and biodegradation information, TMAC is classified overall as a Tier 1 chemical and requires a hazard assessment only. 1BACKGROUNDNo biodegradation studies are available on TMAC; however, it is expected to be readily biodegradable based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide studies. TMAC has a moderate potential for adsorption to soil. It is not expected to bioaccumulate based on an octanol water partition coefficient (log Know) of <0.027. TMAC and its surrogate tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) have moderate acute toxicity and high chronic toxicity concern for aquatic organisms.2CHEMICAL NAME AND IDENTIFICATIONChemical Name (IUPAC): N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium chlorideCAS RN: 75-57-0Molecular formula: C4H12ClN or (CH3)4NClMolecular weight: 109.6 g/molSynonyms: Tetramethylammonium chloride; N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium chloride; TMAC; tetramethylazanium; chloride3PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIESKey physical and chemical properties for the substance are shown in Table 1.Table 1 Overview of the Physico-chemical Properties of Tetramethylammonium chloride Property Value Klimisch score ReferencePhysical state at 20o C and 101.3 kPa White hydroscopic powder with largesolid lumps.2 ECHAMelting Point 268o********** 1 ECHA Boiling Point Decomposition at 300o C before boilingpoint1 ECHA Density 1190 kg/m3 @ 20o C 1 ECHA Vapour Pressure <1.6 x 10-8 Pa @ 25o C 1 ECHA Partition Coefficient (log K ow) -1.6 @20o C 1 ECHA Water Solubility >1,000 g/L @ 20o C (pH 3.6) 1 ECHA4DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY INFORMATIONA review of international and national environmental regulatory information was undertaken (Table2). This chemical is listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances – AICS (Inventory). No conditions for its use were identified. No specific environmental regulatory controls or concerns were identified within Australia and internationally for TMAC.Table 2 Existing International ControlsConvention, Protocol or other international control Listed Yes or No? Montreal Protocol NoSynthetic Greenhouse Gases (SGG) NoRotterdam Convention NoStockholm Convention NoREACH (Substances of Very High Concern) NoUnited States Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program NoEuropean Commission Endocrine Disruptors Strategy No5ENVIRONMENTAL FATE SUMMARYA.SummaryNo biodegradation studies are available on TMAC; however, it is expected to be readily biodegradable based on TMAOH studies. TMAC has a moderate potential for adsorption to soil. It is not expected to bioaccumulate based on a log K ow of <0.027.B.PartitioningTMAC is a quaternary ammonium salt, indicating that this compound will exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. As a salt, volatilisation from water or moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Likewise, based on its vapour pressure, volatilisation of TMAC from dry surfaces is also not expected to be an important fate process (PubChem). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound is a quaternary ammonium salt (PubChem).C.BiodegradationNo biodegradation studies are available on TMAC. A 25% aqueous solution of TMAOH, a surrogate for TMAC, was readily biodegradable in an OECD 301B test. Degradation was 84% and 100% after 14 and 25 days, respectively (ECHA) [Kl. score = 1]. A 27.5% aqueous solution of TMAOH was readily biodegradable in an OECD 301C test. There was >90% degradation within 14 days (ECHA) [Kl. score = 2]. TMAOH was also readily biodegradable by adapted sludge under anaerobic conditions (ECHA) [Kl. score = 2].If a chemical is found to be readily biodegradable, it is categorised as Not Persistent since its half-life is substantially less than 60 days (DoEE, 2017).D.Environmental DistributionTMAC was tested in three different types of soil: loamy sand, sandy loam and clay soil. The mean K oc for the three soils was 546 L/kg (ECHA). [Kl. score = 1]If released to soil, based on this K oc value, TMAC has a moderate potential for adsorption to soil. If released to water, based on this K oc value along with its high water solubility, it is expected to also have a moderate potential for adsorption to suspended solids and sediment.E.BioaccumulationThere are no bioaccumulation studies on TMAC. TMAC is not expected to bioaccumulate based on a log K ow of <0.027 (ECHA) [Kl. score = 1].6ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS SUMMARYA.SummaryTMAC and its surrogate TMAOH have moderate acute toxicity and high chronic toxicity concern for aquatic organisms.B.Aquatic ToxicityAcute StudiesTable 3 lists the results of acute aquatic toxicity studies conducted on TMAC and its surrogate TMAOH.Table 3 Acute Aquatic Toxicity Studies on TMAC and its surrogate TMAOHTest Species Endpoint Results (mg/L) KlimischReferencescorePimephales promelas 96-hr LC50462 2 ECHADaphnia magna 48-hr EC50 3.6* 2 ECHADaphnia magna 48-hr EC5016.6* 2 ECHAPseudokirchneriella72-hr EC50115* 2 ECHA subcapitataDesmodesmus subspicatus 72-hr EC50>301* 2 ECHA*Test substance was TMAOH; values adjusted for TMAC (TMAC/TMAOH = 109/91).Chronic StudiesAn 11-day Daphnia reproduction study was conducted on TMAC. The NOEC was 0.03 mg/L (ECHA). [Kl. score = 2]C.Terrestrial ToxicityNo studies are available.7CATEGORISATION AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCERNA.PBT CategorisationThe methodology for the Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) substances assessment is based on the Australian and EU REACH Criteria methodology (DEWHA, 2009; ECHA, 2008).TMAC is expected to be readily biodegradable; thus, it does not meet the screening criteria for persistence.Based on a measured log K ow of <0.027, TMAC does not meet the screening criteria for bioaccumulation.The lowest NOEC from the chronic aquatic toxicity studies on TMAC is <0.1 mg/L. Thus, TMAC does meet the criteria for toxicity.The overall conclusion is that TMAC is not a PBT substance.B.Other Characteristics of ConcernNo other characteristics of concern were identified for TMAC.8SCREENING ASSESSMENTChemical Name CAS No.Overall PBTAssessment 1Chemical Databases of ConcernAssessment StepPersistence AssessmentStepBioaccumulativeAssessment StepToxicity Assessment StepRisk AssessmentActions Required3 Listed as aCOC onrelevantdatabases?Identified asPolymer of LowConcernP criteriafulfilled?Other PConcernsB criteria fulfilled?T criteriafulfilled?AcuteToxicity2ChronicToxicity2Tetramethylammonium chloride 75-57-0 Not a PBT No No No No No Yes 1 3 1 Footnotes:1 - PBT Assessment based on PBT Framework.2 - Acute and chronic aquatic toxicity evaluated consistent with assessment criteria (see Framework).3 – Tier 1 – Hazard Assessment only.Notes:PBT = Persistent, Bioaccumulative and ToxicB = bioaccumulativeP = persistentT = toxic9REFERENCES, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSA.ReferencesDepartment of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts [DEWHA] (2009).Environmental risk assessment guidance manual for industrial chemicals,Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth ofAustralia.Department of the Environment and Energy [DoEE]. (2017). Chemical Risk Assessment Guidance Manual: for chemicals associated with coal seam gas extraction, Guidance manual prepared by Hydrobiology and ToxConsult Pty Ltd for the Department of the Environment and Energy, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.ECHA. ECHA REACH database: http://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/registered-substancesEuropean Chemicals Agency [ECHA] (2008). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment, Chapter R11: PBT Assessment, European ChemicalsAgency, Helsinki, Finland.Klimisch, H.J., Andreae, M., and Tillmann, U. (1997). A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental and toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regul.Toxicol. Pharmacol. 25:1-5.PubChem. PubChem open chemistry database: https://B.Abbreviations and Acronyms°C degrees CelsiusAICS Australian Inventory of Chemical SubstancesCOC constituent of concernDEWHA Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the ArtsEC effective concentrationECHA European Chemicals AgencyEU European Uniong/L grams per litreIUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistrykg/m3kilograms per cubic metreKl Klimisch scoring systemkPa kilopascalL/kg litres per kilogramLC lethal concentrationmg/L milligrams per litreNOEC no observed effects concentrationOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPa PascalPBT Persistent, Bioaccumulative and ToxicREACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals SGG Synthetic Greenhouse GasesTMAC tetramethylammonium chlorideTMAOH tetramethylammonium hydroxide。
国IV柴油机使用维护说明
国IV柴油机使用维护说明一、简介二、日常使用1.启动在柴油机启动之前，应检查冷却液和机油的液位是否正常，并检查相关传动部件是否完好。
启动时禁止用力踩油门，并确保空挡或离合器松开。
2.运行在柴油机运行时，应注意保持恒定的转速，避免频繁加减油门，同时注意不要持续高转速行驶。
长途行驶后，应进行适当的冷却和休息。
3.停车停车后，应先让柴油机怠速运转一段时间，使其温度逐渐下降，然后再熄火。
此外，禁止在高温时立即熄火，以免引发热胀冷缩。
三、保养1.更换机油和滤清器2.清洗空气滤清器3.调整喷油嘴喷油嘴的喷油量不正常会导致柴油机的燃烧不完全，影响其性能和寿命。
定期检查和调整喷油嘴的喷油量，确保其工作正常。
4.清洁冷却系统冷却系统中的杂质会影响柴油机的冷却效果，定期清洁冷却系统可以有效防止杂质的堆积。
清洗时，应使用专用的冷却系统清洗剂，按照说明进行操作。
5.保持电气系统正常定期检查电瓶的电量和正负极的接触情况，确保电气系统的正常工作。
同时注意避免电气线路的短路和过载，以免对柴油机造成损害。
四、故障处理1.水温过高如果柴油机的水温过高，首先应检查冷却液是否充足，然后检查散热器是否存在堵塞。
如果问题依然存在，可能是水泵故障或是冷却系统的其他问题，需要及时维修。
2.油耗增加柴油机的油耗增加可能是由于空气滤清器过脏、喷油器故障或车辆行驶环境等原因造成的。
应先检查空气滤清器和喷油器，如果问题依然存在，建议到专业维修站进行检查和维修。
3.噪音增大柴油机的噪音增大可能是由于活塞磨损、气缸衬磨损或气门系统故障等原因造成的。
应及时检查气缸套、气门和活塞，对损坏的部件进行更换。
五、注意事项1.避免短途行驶柴油机的燃烧效率在温度较低的情况下较低，因此建议避免频繁进行短途行驶，以免引起柴油机的积炭。
2.避免高温使用在高温环境下使用柴油机会增加其负荷和温度，容易引发冷却液和机油的异常。
因此，在高温环境下应避免过长时间的使用。
3.定期检查机械部件紧固程度柴油机使用一段时间后，机械部件的紧固程度会发生松动，应定期检查并进行调整，以确保其正常运行。
东康柴油发电机技术说明手册中文
§1 产品概述DK 系列柴油发电机采用国际、国内著名品牌四冲程柴油发动机，发电机采用无刷自励磁方式，四极单轴承结构。
可提供22KW 至1800KW 的发电功率，广泛应用于工业、矿业、建筑、通讯、民用等各领域，即使在极恶劣的环境下也能很好地使用。
除了作为一般陆用固定发电机组之外，还可以作为车载机组，静音机组，移动机组及集装箱式机组之用。
1.1 机组代号含义举例：DKC1320柴油发电机组，其含义是：发动机采用Cummins （康明斯）品牌，额定备用功率为1320KW 、持续运行功率为1200KW ，频率为50Hz ，电压为400V/230V 三相四线基本型柴油发电机组（手动/自动模式，带充电器），由深圳市东康电力设备有限公司制造。
DK特征代号：额定备用功率（LTP ）：kW发动机代号：公司代码 (DongKang Power)缺省--基本型B --罩式 N --静音型S1--单轴拖挂D2--双轴拖挂 V --车载型 E --特殊机组类型代号：G燃气型 P特殊类型 缺省--基本型(手动/自动模式，带充电器）相数：单相（1），三相（省缺）额定频率（Hz ）：50Hz （省缺）,其它频率按相应标准 400V （省缺）,低压机组按发电机标称电压数值表示。
高压机组电压值表示方法：10500V=10.5 / 6300V=6.3额定电压（L-L ):C --CumminsD --DOOSAN I --IVECOM --MAN P --Perkins V --VOLVOZ --DEUTZ G -- 国内品牌§2 安全指示与符号含义2.1 安全指示注意！在你还没有完全阅读完和理解本说明手册中的内容之前，不要安装及操作本设备。
如不按手册中的说明操作机器有可能导致起火、触电或其他人身伤害事故，或者导致机器的损坏。
保持拥有者有此说明手册并频繁回顾以保证持续安全操作。
a.认识你的机器为了你的个人安全, 仔细阅读本手册。
潍柴动力 维护手册
潍柴动力维护手册说起潍柴动力的维护手册，我想大家都知道，咱们平时用的这机器，不管是工程车，还是各种重型机械，都离不开它的心脏——潍柴发动机。
不过，你别看它们个头大、声音震天，实际上维护起来可是有些小讲究的。
说到这里，我就忍不住想起我上次跟朋友一起去工地看设备的那次经历，真是又好笑又让人有点无奈。
那天是个风和日丽的下午，正好朋友要检查一台潍柴动力的工程车，他让我一块儿去。
我本想着轻松地帮个忙，顺便学学怎么维护这些“大块头”，结果一到现场，我就傻眼了。
设备一停，我朋友就开始往发动机的盖子上一拍，仿佛这是跟它打招呼一样。
我看着他一脸认真的样子，心里突然冒出了一个念头：“难道发动机也能有脾气？”不过，他并没有管我这心里的小疑问，而是拿出了工具箱，开始了他的“例行检查”。
首先，他拿起了那根长长的检油尺，轻轻一插，拔出来，看了看油尺上的油量。
我正好站在旁边，忍不住问他：“油量合适吗？”朋友瞄了一眼油尺，然后神秘兮兮地笑了笑：“油有多重要你知道吗？如果油不够，发动机就会干涸，咱这车就成了‘废铁’了。
”听他这么一说，我这才意识到，发动机的维护真是细致入微，这油位问题也不能忽视。
接着，他又开始清理空气滤清器。
你可别小看这小小的滤清器，它的作用可不简单。
朋友一边清理一边跟我说：“你知道吗？这个滤清器就像是发动机的‘呼吸器’，如果它脏了，发动机就吸不进足够的空气，性能就大打折扣。
”我点点头，看着他拿着刷子一遍一遍地把滤清器刷得干干净净，突然觉得，潍柴发动机的维护工作，真是比我想象的还要复杂。
这时，我朋友又开始检查冷却液。
他拿起了冷却液的盖子，一看那液面，眉头一皱，说道：“这冷却液低了，得加点。
”我正准备问他为什么冷却液这么重要时，他好像看穿了我的疑问，接着说：“发动机就像咱们人的心脏一样，得保持温度正常，太热了会坏，太冷了也不行。
冷却液就负责帮它降温，保持在最佳状态。
”我点点头，觉得这些维护小细节真的不能马虎。
最搞笑的是，他还特意去拿了一把小锤子，敲了敲发动机的某个部件。
柴油发动机使用说明书
第一部分柴油机使用说明柴油机使用注意事项警告:不遵守这些注意事项,将导致该柴油机提供的担保承诺失效,并有可能损坏柴油机发生人生安全事故。
用户在使用该柴油机时，要特别注意以下几点:一、操作注意事项1、新机须经50小时磨合运转,磨合运转不可满负荷运行和在恶劣环境下使用。
2、磨合运转结束后,要更换新机油,复紧气缸盖螺母,调整进排气门间隙后，方可投入正常使用。
3、严格按铭牌上标定的功率进行使用或配套，严禁超负荷、超转速或长期在低负荷低转速下运行。
4、柴油机起动后，应低速空载运行3~ 5分钟,严禁起动后立即高速、高负荷运转。
5、使用人员应熟悉柴汕机的工作原理和结构,坚持定期维护保养,发现故障及时排除，禁止柴油机带病运转,禁止柴油机在无人看管下长时间工作。
6、非发生飞车等重大事故的情况下,禁止用减压的方式停车。
7、禁止在水箱中加入脏污或盐、碱的水。
8、使用本说明书中规定牌号的柴油和机油,油料在使用前需充分沉淀和过滤干净,加油器具应保持清洁,机油要定期更换。
9、油浴式空气滤清器要按使用说明书中的规定加入定量机油，定期清洗、养护并更换机油。
必要时予以更换滤芯。
10、柴油机的进、排气门严禁进水,特别在运行过程中,否则会造成柴油机致命故障。
11、气温低于0℃时,停机后应适时放出冷却水，防止冻裂机体和气缸盖。
12、按本说明书要求进行磨合和保养。
13、请详细阅读并精心保存《柴油机三包凭证》,提出三包要求时，必须同时提供有效发票及相应《柴油机三包凭证》。
二、安全注意事项1、禁止儿童、动作缓慢的老人及癫痫患者等非行为能力人进入工作场所。
2、身体不舒服或情绪不好时不要运转发动机。
3、切勿在饮酒后运转发动机。
4、安装皮带轮时,应拧紧紧固螺栓及防松弹簧垫圈,柴油机与配套机械的外露旋转零件，用户应安装防护装置，安装时允许用油箱支架螺栓、吊环螺栓及排气管紧固螺栓等处作为防护装置的紧固支点。
定期检查柴油机各紧固螺栓的松紧程度,并及时予以紧固。
YC6G-20系列发动机操作和维护操作说明书_中英文_
While cleaning or replacing the oil filter element during the maintenance, it is shall be filled full of oil first before installation. After completion of installation you must start the engine and let it run at an idle speed, then get off the vehicle to see if there is any oil leakage in the oil filter. If yes, immediately remedy it; otherwise there will be lack of oil and the crankshaft wilents, and may speed up the abrasion of the diesel engine movable parts, resulting in short service life of the diesel engine. 4. 使用柴油机时要一档起步，不能拖档怠速。 Always use the first gear to start the engine, otherwise it will be stopped. 5. 应避免高速、大负荷运转状态下突然熄火停机，应逐渐降速、降负荷，怠速运转 5～10 分钟后再停机。 It shall be avoided to flameout the engine suddenly at high speed and heave load status. The speed and load shall be gradually reduced and the engine shall be in idle status for 5-10 minutes before complete stop. 6. 增压柴油机要按照说明书的要求严格控制好供油提前角。当柴油机功率下降时，应先检查进气管路是否 有漏气现象，空气滤清器是否已堵塞，并特别注意热态下空滤至增压器进气口之间的管路在突然加速时 有无被吸扁现象，然后再作进一步的调整或维修。 The fuel supply advance angle of the supercharging diesel engine shall be strictly controlled according to the specification. When there is powerlessness, firstly check if there is air leakage in the intake pipe, if the air filter is jammed and specially check if there is capitation on the piping between the air filter and the supercharger air intake inlet when suddenly speed up at heat status and then adjust and repair further. 7. 凡发现汽车及柴油机工作不正常时，要立即停车及时排除故障，绝不能让汽车带病运行。 Whenever the engine works abnormally, stop the auto and eliminate the failure in time and don¡t drive the auto with failures. 8. 检查发动机时，不要直接触摸发动机的高温部件(例如排气管)，不要停机后马上打开水箱盖，以免烫伤。 While checking the engine, don¡t directly contact with the high temperature parts of the engine (like exhaust pipe) and don¡t open the water tank cover soon after the engine stopped in case of scald. 9. 凡新机运行达 1500～5000 公里时，须及时到玉柴的委托技术服务站进行走合保养，否则不予实行产品 的质量保修。 Whenever a new machine has run for 1,500-2,500km, it is necessary to send it to a mandatory technical service station of Yuchai for running-in maintenance; otherwise, free maintenance of your engine will be cancelled. 10. 柴油机在气温为-15℃～40℃，海拔高度为 2000 米以下的环境条件下能正常工作，禁止在水浸、水灾环 境下工作。在风沙大、粉尘多的环境下，应注意清理空气滤清器滤芯灰尘，滤芯如有破损应马上更换。 在气温低于-15℃、或气温高于 40℃、或海拔高度超过 2000 米时，用户应向玉柴技术、服务部门咨询， 采取有效措施以保证柴油机能正常工作。 The engine is applicable to circumstances where the ambient temperature is -15℃~40℃ and the elevation below 2,500m. It is prohibited to operate the engine in submerged or fire circumstances. Under sandy or dusty circumstance, remember to frequently clean the dust of the element of air cleaner. If the element is broken, immediately replace it with a new one of the same origin and specification. When the ambient temperature is below -15℃ or above 40℃ or the elevation exceeds 2,000m, you should consult with technical and service departments of Yuchai and then take effective measures to ensure normal work of the diesel engine.
柴油发动机说明书(中文)
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前言 ............................................................................................................... 2
Вариант настоящего руководства по эксплуатации на русском языке можно заказать бесплатно в течение 12 месяцев после доставки по Интернету, электронной почте или по факсу. См. бланк заказа на обложке руководства. Вся информация используется компанией AB Volvo Penta конфиденциально и не передается третьим сторонам.
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YC4D120-20_D1008_中英文图册
/YC4D120-20（D1008）增压柴油机零件图册Parts Catalogue of YC4D120-20（D1008）Turbocharged Inter-cooler SeriesDiesel Engine中国广西玉柴机器股份有限公司2008年3月Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co., Ltd.March, 2008前言感谢您选用广西玉柴机器股份有限公司的产品，并感谢您阅读《YC4D120-20（D1008）柴油机零件图册》！Thank you for choosing products of Yuchai and reading Parts Catalog of YC4D120-20（D1008）玉柴的服务宗旨是：“倾我所有、尽我所能、竭诚用户、诚信天下”,为了更好地履行玉柴的服务宗旨，我们编印了《YC4D120-20（D1008）柴油机零件图册》，希望本图册可以让用户更好地认识了解玉柴产品的结构与配置，方便用户使用、维修和购置零配件。
The service principles of Yuchai are to try our best to serve you,and serve you wholeheartedly and faithfully.In oder to carry out them better,we edit and print Parts Catalog of YC4D120-20（D1008）.We hope this catalog can let users know our products’construct and configuration, easily use, maintain and purchase parts.本零件图册是根据2008年3月相关生产图样、资料编制而成的。
图册中列出了YC4D120-20（D1008）柴油机的全部零部件目录。
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柴油机的使用和维护保养Operation and maintenance of the diesel engine一、柴油机的使用Operation of engine1.起动前Before starting检查油底壳机油油面，确保机油足够，保证润滑，若不够，则应添加到机油标尺规定的位臵;Check the oil surface of lubricant in oil pan; making sure lubricant is enough, if it is not enough, lubricant should be added to the regulated position of scale plate.检查水箱中的冷却液，保证正常冷却（玉柴系列增压机要求必须使用防冻冷却液）;Check the cooling fluid in radiator to make sure cooling smoothly (Yuchai series supercharger must adopt anti-freeze cooling fluid).检查排除燃油管路的空气和柴油滤清器的水，Check and drain the air in fuel pipeline and water in diesel filter.检查油箱，若不够，添加燃油;Check fuel tank and add fuel if it is not enough.检查电器系统（各连接线路、开关接线等是否牢固可靠，电瓶电解液是否充足，若不够，加足电解液）;Check electrical system (credibility and fastness of all connections and switch connections; the capacity of battery electrolyte, add it if necessary).检查皮带，松紧度应适宜，皮带过松打滑使水泵、风扇的工作不正常，冷却效果差，发动机水温高，过紧则使皮带轮轴受力过大、皮带寿命缩短;Check the strap, the tightness should be suitable; if too loose, water pump and fan will work abnormally by strap skidding, the cooling effect will be very bad and water temperature in engine will be very high; if tool tight, the load of sprat axle is too high and cut service life of sprat.检查汽车底盘和操纵装臵，禁止汽车带病行驶。
Check vehicle batholiths and control devices; avoid vehicle runs in danger.2起动Starting完成起动前准备工作并确认符合要求后，才可以起动柴油机（冬天天气寒冷时需对柴油机预热后才能起动），起动柴油机时，持续起动时间不能超过10秒钟;二次起动的时间间隔不应少于1分钟;若连续三次均无法起动，则应检查原因，排除故障，再行起动。
起动后检查:Start the engine (In cold winter, diesel engine should be started after heating for a while) after completing preparation and ensuring all requirements are satisfied. When starting engine, continuous starting time should be limited in 10 seconds; the time gap forrestart should be at least one minute; if it can not be continuously started for three times, driver should check the cause and eliminate faults and restart engine. After starting, driver should check:机油压力:在怠速时不能低于0.1Mpa，压力过低，发动机润滑不良会造成各运动副磨损; Oil pressure: The pressure should not be lower than 0.1Mpa in ideal speed; if it is too low, bad lubricating of engine will cause secondary worn of action.水泵工作情况良好，确认冷却液已进入柴油机水套内循环;无“三漏”、异响现象;Good working situation of water pump; make sure cooling fluid has entered the internal cycle of engine water jacket; no “three leakages” and abnormal sound.各汽车仪表的工作情况。
发现有不正常现象，必须立即停车检查排除，必要时送修。
Working situation of all vehicle instruments: If there is fault, driver must stop the vehicle and check and solve the problem, driver can also call somebody to repair the vehicle if necessary.3运行Running柴油机冷机起动后，从怠速到低中速下空载运转热机5～10分钟后才起步，热机起动时，在柴油机建立油压后才能起步，确保发动机润滑良好;After the diesel engine starts in cold condition, it shall start 5-10 minutes after operating from idling speed to low-medium speed with no load; when the engine starts at wram condition, the engine shall start after establishing fuel pressure to guarantee good lubricating effect of the engine.禁止突然大油门高速高负荷运转柴油机，应逐渐提高柴油机转速，水温上升到60℃以上，发动机充分润滑、受热均匀后才能正常运转;It is forbidden to operate the engine at high speed with heavy load in a sudden; the rotation speed of the diesel engine shall be increased gradually with the water temperature of over 60℃ and the engine could work normally after the engine is librated and heated.排气制动仅作为辅助刹车用，一般情况下少用或不用排气制动阀，频繁使用，可能对发动机造成严重损坏，如气门锁夹弹出、气门松脱、断裂，增压器受损等;The exhaust brake can be only used as auxiliary brake. Generally, the exhaust brake valve shall not be used or used rarely, frequent use could damage the engine seriously, such as run-out of the valve clip, valve loose or crack, supercharger damaged.汽车在行驶阶段，司机应经常注意观察车上各种仪表，随时掌握发动机的运行情况，发现不正常情况必须立即停车检查排除，必要时送修。
The driver shall pay attention to the instrument of the vehicle when driving and master the operation condition of the engine at any time. Stop to check if there is any malfunction ans send it to service station if necessary.4.停车:Stopping停车前怠速运行3～5分钟后才熄火，特别是高转速高负荷运转时更应如此;避免急速停车，发动机高速运转时增压器叶轮转速可达12万转/分钟以上，急速停车会使增压器无润滑造成轴承和转子烧坏。
这一点，用户必须特别要注意;Shut down the engine after operation 3-5 minutes at idle speed before stopping, especially when operating at high speed with heavy load; rapidly stop shall be avoided; the speed of the supercharger impeller could reach 120,000r/min when the engine operates at high speed; the bearing and rotor may be burnt due to no lubricant when stopping suddenly. The user must pay special attention to that.每次停车后，必须及时排除在运行期间所发现的故障，并经常进行必要的检查，保证柴油机正常的技术状态;The malfunction found in driving shall be excluded after stopping and necessary check shall be carried out regularly to guarantee normal technical condition of the diesel engine.按发动机保养规定要求及时切实做好柴油机的技术维护保养工作。