新编英语教程4 unit6
6(第二版)全新版大学英语综合教程4_Unit6课后练习答案
Book 4 Unit 6 The Pace of Life1) To stimulate consumption, farmers now can buy household appliances with government subsidy.译文：为了刺激消费，农民可以通过政府补贴来购买家用电器。
2）Conventional medicine has concentrated mainly on the treatment of chronic and acute illness, and until recent years the role of preventive(预防性的) medicine has suffered comparative neglect.译文：传统医学一直主要致力于慢性病和急性病的治疗，而且预防医学的作用还一直相对地遭到冷遇，直到近几年这个情况才有所缓解。
3）Cost apart, you should remember that however fancy a fridge is ,it doesn’t kill bacteria (细菌); it only shows down the rate at which they multiply.译文：除去（购买的）费用，你应该记住，不管电冰箱有多别致，它也不能够杀灭死细菌，它只能降低细菌的繁殖速度。
4）The economic planners are seeking to achieve a fairer distribution of wealth throughout society, but it’s easier said than done, I think.译文：经济规划师正设法在全社会实现更为公平的财富分配，但我认为这说起来容易做起来难。
注释：seek to do…意为“设法做…”，相当于try to do…；distribution 意为“分配”5）The town has been producing wool, cloth, and blankets since the 13th century and much of its prosperity today is still founded on those industries.译文：自13 世纪以来，这个城镇一直生产羊毛、布匹和地毯，它今天的许多繁荣兴旺仍然建立在那些工业的基础上。
大学英语综合教程四Unit6答案
Unit 6Text comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the autho r’s purpose of writing.A.II. Judge. according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F. Refer to Paragraphs 1.It is true that the flag the narrator hangs draws little attention in Paris, but the reason is not that Parisians or Frenchmen are not interested in flag-hanging in general. Rather, the Independence Day is an occasion special for Americans only and, understandably, the French show little interest in the day or the celebrating flag.2. T. Refer to Paragraph 2.3. F. Refer to Paragraph 3. The author’s children have had little chance of learning the history of the U.S. at school, and the parents as native Americans are the only ones who could have taught them about it. This, however, is not true of children in general in France.4. F. Refer to Paragraph 4. They do not conceal the dark side of the American society but try to keep their children from the follies of the American society like school shootings.5. T. Refer to Paragraph 9-11.6. F. Refer to Paragraph 12. Globalization is both beneficial and detrimental. It helps to blur the clear-cut divide between cultures on the one hand but makes children less than fully immersed in a foreign world on the other.III. Answer the following questions.1. For one thing, flag-hanging is the only thing he can do in Paris to celebrate the Independence Day, which is part of his national heritage. For another, he intends to use it as a special occasion for teaching his children about the American history and as a reminder of their native American identity.2. The children seldom mix languages up because they have acquired French through the school instructions and English through their family life withEnglish-speaking parents. And they seem to know when to use which.3. Refer to paragraphs 4-8. The benefits of raising children in a foreign culture, as the writer suggests, include acquiring a foreign language and culture and avoiding being exposed to the problems of the native culture.4. It is difficult, according to the author, to make the children understand and identify the virtues of their native culture without living in it. Family instructions are not satisfactorily effective and have to be complemented by other means such asre-entering into the native culture and taking children to historical places.5. Because he grew up in a foreign culture and he knows it is quite an issue to know how to raise children in a foreign culture without losing their native identity. He understands that the issue involves the efforts on the part of the parents.6. Globalization is like a double-edged sword to the growth of children in a foreign culture. On the one hand, it helps to reduce differences between the foreign culture and the native culture, and facilitates the physical and spiritual re-entry into the native culture. On the other hand, it unfortunately makes it more difficult than ever for children to be fully immersed in the foreign culture.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken form the text.1. July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel instinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thus I am motivated to do something to fill the gaps.2. And living away from our native country does not matter much.3. When I lived in France as an expatriated child, the French kids were dressed in the unique French style, thus looking quite different from their counterparts in other countries.4. Full immersion in a truly foreign world no longer seems possible in Western countries, and I think this is a deplorable impact of globalization upon the growth of children in a foreign country.Structural analysis of the textThe author of this text follows a “specific-general” pattern in his discussion, i.e. he first talks about what it means to his children to hang the national flag of their native land in a foreign country on July 4th every year and then expresses his view on the importance for expatriated people in general to keep their cultural identity, especially when the whole world is undergoing a process of globalization. The specific points can be found in his discussion of the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture in Paragraphs 4-9 while the general conclusion can be found in paragraphs10-12, especially paragraph 12.Vocabulary exercisesI. Replace the underlined words in the sentences with appropriate forms of words chosen from the text.1. pursue2. resonates3. confronted4. clichés5. had suppressed6. has confirmedII. Fill in the blank with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. fluency2. enrollment3. accessible4. obtainable5. personification6.enlightened7.globalization8. promptingIII . Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text .1. took pride in2. was immersed in3. resonating with4. had…been exposed to5. in his mind’s eye6. a glimpse of7.convey…to8. turned …toIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. literature2. joined3. motionless4. more than5. quickly6. desiresGrammar exercisesI. Note the use of the words in italics.Where and when are relative adverbs, introducing relative clauses.II. Complete the following sentences, using where, when or why.1.why2. where3. when4. where5. where6.where7.why8. when III. Rewrite the following sentences, omitting either the antecedent or the relative adverb if possible.1.Sam knows where we are meeting.2./(The omission of the village may cause a loss of information since it carriesspecific message. If we omit where, then we need to insert in after born.)3.Four in the afternoon is the time he always reads./ Four in the afternoon is whenhe always reads.4./(Similar to Sentence 2)5.I don’t know the exact time I should meet him.6.Why he resigned is still unknown.IV. Rank the following sentences according to their degree of formality.More formal—less formal:2 3 1V. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined parts in your sentences.1. He failed in part because of his carelessness.Why exactly she hated him I don’t know, but I think it was in part because he had insulted her.2.There were times when I didn’t know what to do.Can you suggest a time when it will be convenient to meet?3.The beaten enemy had not other choice than to surrender.It’s none other than the manager himself.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets .1. The hall resonated with the notes of the trumpet solo.2. I saw, in my mind’s eye, the pale face of the mother when she heard the news of her son’s death.3. His walk reminds me of the way his father used to walk.4. I mixed the dates up and arrived on a wrong day.5. Her heart swelled with pride when she learned that her daughter was accepted by oxford University.6. Theoretically speaking, the whole population should have direct access to information without waiting for being filtered by the government or the media.7. The Democrats have launched a campaign to win women voters over in this presidential election.8. After he inherited his father’s estate, he was immersed in all kinds of pleasure.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.美国人热情友好，不像许多外国人想象的那样浮于表面。
新编英语教程（基础英语）第三版4unit6课文详解及练习答案
新编英语教程（基础英语）第三版4unit6课⽂详解及练习答案Unit SixText I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsThink about the following questions before you read the text.1. How do people usually think of pearl? As an ordinary piece of jewellery? A thing of great value?A useless ornament? Give reasons for your answer.2. What might happen if a very poor person came into possession of a very large pearl of great value? Think of two or three possibilities.For your reference(They are open questions. Let the students air their views freely and exercise their imagination.)2.The Main IdeaMuch of the language of the text is metaphorical, and that makes it difficult for you to understand the meaning of the passage quickly. But it is far from incomprehensible. Go over the text once, not too rapidly, and see how much you understand at first reading.Now answer the following questions:1.What point is made about the news in a town?2.What was the news in the town?3.Who were particularly interested in Kino’s pearl?For your referenceAnswers:1.It travels fast.2.That Kino had found the Pearl of the World.3.The priest, the shopkeepers, the doctor, the beggars, the agents of the buyer of pearls.3.Background Notes(1) colonial animalA colonial animal is an association of individual organisms that are incompletely separated. Life forms such as corals and moss animals are good examples of colonial animals. They are individual organisms that normally exist in mass of large collections.4.TextThe PearlKino, a poor fisherman, has just found a very large and valuable pearl and is going to the nearest town to sell it. He needs money urgently to get medical help for his baby who has just been stung by a scorpion. Before Kino found the pearl, the only doctor available had refused to treat the baby because Kino could not afford to pay for the treatment.A town is a thing like a colonial animal. A town has a nervous system and a head and shoulders and feet. (1)A town is a thing separate from all other towns, so that there are no two towns alike. (2)And a town has a whole emotion. How news travels through a town is a mystery not easily to be solved. News seems to move faster than small boys can (1)scramble and (2)dart to tell it, (3)faster than women can call it over the fences.(4)Before Kino and Juana and the other fishers had come to Kino’s brush house, the nerves of the town were pulsing and (3)vibrating with the news — Kino had found the Pearl of the World. Before panting little boys could strangle out the words, their mothers knew it. (5)The news swept on past the brush houses, and it washed in a foaming wave into the town of stone and plaster. It came to the priest walking in his garden, and it put a thoughtful look in his eyes and a memory of certain repairs necessary to the church. He wondered what the pearl would be worth. And he wondered whether he had baptized Kino’s baby, or married him (6)for that matter. The news came to the shopkeepers and they looked at men’s clothes that had not sold so well.The news came to the doctor where he sat with a woman whose illness was age, thoughneither she nor the doctor would admit it. And when it was made plain who Kino was, the doctor grew (4)stern and(5)judicious at the same time. “He is (7)a client of mine,” the doctor said. “I am treating his child for a scorpion sting.” And the doctor’s eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks and he thought of Paris. He remembered the room he had lived in there as a great and (6)luxurious place. The doctor looked past his (7)aged patient and saw himself sitting in a restaurant in Paris and a waiter was just opening a bottle of wine.The news came early to the beggars in front of the church, and it made them giggle a little with pleasure, for they knew that (8)there is no (8)alms-giver in the world like a poor man who is suddenly lucky.Kino has found the Pearl of the World. In the town, in little offices, sat the men who bought pearls from the fishers. They waited in their chairs until the pearls came in, and then they (9)cackled and fought and shouted and threatened until they reached the lowest price the fisherman would stand. But there was a price below which they dared not go, for it had happened that a fisherman in despair had given his pearls to the church. And when the buying was over, these buyers sat alone and their fingers played (10)restlessly with the pearls, and they wished they owned the pearls. For there were not many buyers really —there was only one, and he kept these agents in separate offices to give a (9)(11)semblance of competition. The news came to these men, and their eyes (12)squinted and (10)their finger-tips burned a little, and each one thought how the (13)patron could not live forever and someone had to take his place. And each one thought how with some capital he could get a newstart.All manner of people grew interested in Kino — people with things to sell and people with favors to ask. Kino had found the Pearl of the World. (11)The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark (14)residue was (15)precipitated. Every man suddenly became related to Kino’s pearl, and Kino’s pearl went into the dreams, the speculations, the schemes, the plans, the futures, the wishes, the needs, the lusts, the hungers, of everyone, and only one person stood in the way and that was Kino, so that he became curiously every man’s enemy. The news stirred up something infinitely black and evil in the town; (12)the black (16)distillate was like the scorpion, or like hunger in the smell of food, or like loneliness when love is (17)withheld. The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture (18)venom, and (13)the town (19)swelled and (20)puffed with the pressure of it.By John Steinbeck (an excerpt)Words and phrases: (点击⽂中红⾊单词或词组，出现该红⾊部分及e.g.字样，再单击e.g. ，出现例句)1.scramble:v. move somewhere in a hurried awkward waye.g. The man scrambled to his feet(=stood up very quickly and awkwardly)and hurried intothe kitchen.Your students may scramble up the bank of the river to follow you.2.dart: v. move suddenly and quickly in a particular directione.g. His teacher darted forward and pulled him away from the fire.The guard pulls the fire alarm, and the elevator stops, giving the passengers time todart down the stairwell.3.vibrate: v. shake quickly and continuously with very small movementse.g. The floor was vibrating to the beat of the music.The sea began to vibrate with waves that spread out in a circle.4.stern: a. serious and strict, and showing strong disapproval of someone's behaviore.g. Father looked stern at us for a while, and then we went to watch him hunt.Now it takes a stern soul to resist the temptation to check the headlines at least oncewhile you're away.5.judicious: a. done in a sensible and careful waye.g. In an environment of multiple campaigns promoting judicious antibiotic use in children,identification of effective strategies is important.Meditators should learn how to be judicious without being judgmental.6.luxurious: a. very expensive, beautiful, and comfortablee.g. She tried hard to retrieve her luxurious life.The luxurious liner is cleaving through the waves.7.aged: a. advanced in yearse.g. I well remember taking my aged grandfather across a road.He is aged, but his memory is still good.8.alms-giver: n. people who give money, food etc. to poor peoplee.g. But William is an entrepreneur, not just an alms-giver.There can be no friendship between a beggar and an alms-giver.9.cackle: v. laugh in a loud unpleasant way, making short high soundse.g. The women cackled when they saw the movie star step out of the limousine.The teacher let us cut the cackle in the class.10.restlessly: adv. act unwillingly to keep still or stay where a person is, especially because he or she is bored, impatient, or dissatisfied, and wants to do something elsee.g. I bought a rose and restlessly searched for her in the restaurant.As for poor Leo, after turning restlessly for hours, at last he had dropped off into asleep or stupor.11.semblance: n. a situation, condition etc. that is close to or similar to a particular one, usuallya good onee.g. After the war, life returned to a semblance of normality.Pursuing name brands can only create the semblance of wealth, not win actual respect.12.squint: v. look at something with eyes partly closed in order to see bettere.g. He also seems to be slightly blinded by the sun, causing him to squint.Increase the text size if you can. Small text that forces you to squint is much harder onthe eyes.13.patron: n.someone who supports the activities of an organization, for example by giving moneye.g. A patron of the arts should have deep pockets.He was warmly welcomed at the annual meeting as a celebrated patron of the Hope Project. 14.residue: n. a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc. and cannot be removed easily, or that remains after a chemical processe.g. In the United States, shredders generate about 5 million tons of shredder residue every year.Recently the reports on pesticide residue and unsafe bottled drinking water haveprompted government action.15.precipitate: v. separate a solid substance from a liquid by chemical action, or to be separated in this waye.g. Diamond is precipitated from the kimberlite magma.If the blood acid content increased, it will also precipitate the formation of stones.16.distillate: n. a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; the product of distillinge.g. Most ships run on bunker fuel, which is cheaper than distillate, but more polluting.U.S. distillate fuel consumption fell 4% last year as a mild winter curbed heating oiluse.17.withhold: v. refuse to give someone somethinge.g. Jack was accused of withholding vital information from the police.The boss withheld payment until they had completed the work.18.venom: n. a liquid poison that some snakes, insects etc. produce when they bite or sting youe.g. The infection or venom from the bite could kill my sheep.The drugs are developed from the venom of poisonous snakes.19.swell: v. become larger and rounder than normal, especially about parts of the bodye.g. His ankle was already starting to swell.The little girl’s arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her.20.puff: v. become bigger by increasing the amount of air inside, or to make something bigger inthis waye.g. He would surely puff out if he ate everything he wanted.Her eyes were puffed from lack of sleep.Notes （点击⽂中蓝⾊字体，出现该内容，再点击，出现下⾯的注释内容）1. A town is a thing separate from all other townsA town is detached from / apart from all other towns; in other words, each town is a separateentity, not joined to or connected with any other town.2.And a town has a whole emotion.This is an example of metaphor. A town is compared to a living being with feelings of all kinds — love, joy, hate, fear, grief, etc.3.faster than women can call it over the fencesfaster than women can talk about it to their neighbours over the fences that separate theirhomes4.Before ... the nerves of the town were pulsing and vibrating with the news — Kino hadfound the Pearl of the World.Before ... the town was alive with the news that Kino had found the Pearl of the World. Here the author wants to show us how fast news travelled. Kino found the Pearl of the World when he was out fishing, but before he reached home, the news had already spread through thewhole town and was on everyone’s lips.5.The news swept on past the brush houses and it washed in a foaming wave into the townof stone and plaster.The brush houses, referring to the houses in the area where the poor fishermen live, which is presumably just outside the town, form a strong contrast with the town of stone and plaster, where the priest, shopkeepers, doctor, and pearl buyers live. Note also how the author uses the figurative language to make the scene more vivid, comparing the news to a body ofwater that swept on and washed in a foaming wave.6.for that matterThis phrase gives emphasis to what he had said. In other words, if he had baptized Kino’s baby or had married him, Kino would be grateful to him and would show him his gratitude.7. a client of mineA client is a person who gets help or advice from any kind of professional. Usually, however,a lawyer has a “client”, whereas a doctor has a “patient” and a shopkeeper has a “customer”.8.there’s no alms-giver in the world like a poor man who is suddenly luckyA poor man who becomes suddenly rich is more generous than any alms-giver.alms — money, clothes or food given to the poor (usually money)Alms has only one form for both singular and plural.Other examples of nouns with plural forms:earnings, savings, surroundings, belongings, goods, remains, headquarters, thanks9. a semblance of competitionan outward appearance of competition that aimed to fool the fishermen10.their finger-tips burned a littleeach of them felt a little uneasy, hoping to start a pearl buying business of his own11.The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark residue wasprecipitated.The great value of the pearl and man’s insatiable desire to possess wealth combine to form a strange sort of wickedness / a strange wicked greed quickly.12.the black distillatea metaphor for the deep, evil feelings and desires of people who were affected by the news13.the town swelled and puffedthe town became vain and conceited / was filled with self-interest and vanity/doc/98cccd42aa114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a48.html ments on the TextThis excerpt is a good example of creativity in writing. It describes the psychology of various kinds of people just before Kino, a poor fisherman, goes to the town to sell the Pearl of the World, which he has found in the sea. The writer, through his excellent use of language, sets the scene for Kino’s arrival in the town and the reader is likely to anticipate with interest the meeting between him and the pearl buyers.What makes it possible for the writer to produce such vivid and immediate description, which leaves the reader with a profound impression of the town, its people and the forces at work in it?1. His close contact with and awareness of different types of people.2. His thorough and profound understanding of “human nature”.3. His keen power of observation and active imagination.4. His effective use of language.6.ExercisesA. Answer the following questions.(先单击出现⿊⾊问题, 后单击出现蓝⾊答案)1. At what point in the story is the scene of this extract set?It is set before the arrival in town of the central figure, Kino. Kino is going to sell his newly found Pearl of the World.2. What personal details do we know about Kino?Kino is a poor fisherman who lives in a brush house. He has a child. He is in great need of money because his child has been stung by a scorpion and needs treatment. He is eager to sell the pearltoget money to pay for medical treatment of the sting.3. Why does the writer tell us that the shopkeepers looked at men’s clothes that had not sold so well?The shopkeepers are concerned about their business which has not been brisk, so there are a lot of men’s clothes in stock. When they learn that Kino has found a valuable pearl, they think of Kino as a possible buyer of the men’s clothes. Steinbeck tells us about the shopkeepers as an illustration of the effect of Kino’s find on other people.4. What details are given to describe the doctor’s appearance and his thoughts?Why does the writer want to supply us with such information?The doctor “grew stern and judicious at the same time” and his “eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks”, which suggests that he is immediately aware of what treating Kino’s child might mean for him. He thinks of Paris, recalling his room there as “a great and luxurious place” and imagines himself eating and drinking in a Parisian restaurant. The writer gives the reader this description to remind us that doctors whose work is curing people can be as money-oriented and pleasure-seeking as anyone else. This acts as a statement about “human nature”.5. How does the writer prepare the stage fo r a “battle” between the pearl buyers and Kino? How does the writer make the reader anticipate the meeting?The writer prepares the stage for the battle by telling us that the pearl buyers were experienced in bargaining with and “beating down” the pearl se llers. As Kino is presumably eager to get as much money as possible because of his child, the reader is likely to be looking forward with interest to the meeting of the two parties.6. Who do “the people with things to sell” and “the people with favours to ask” include?“The people with things to sell” include:1) the priest (who sells spiritual comfort)2) the shopkeepers (who sell men’s clothes)3) the doctor (who sells his medical skill)“The people with favours to ask” include:1) the beggars in front of the church2) the other poor fishers7. What does the writer mean by “The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark residue was precipitated”?The sentence can be interpreted as: The combination of the inestimable value of pearl and the fundamental human vice —greed — resulted in evil intentions and malicious plots. The writer wants to show that when people are obsessed with the idea of money, they are very likely to do evil things.B. Explain the following in your own words.(先单击出现⿊⾊问题, 后单击出现蓝⾊答案)1. Before panting little boys could strangle out the words, their mothers knew it.The mothers had already learned the news before their sons could stammer it out.2. The news swept on past the brush houses, and it washed in a foaming wave into the town of stone and plaster.The news spread from one brush house to another and continued to travel fast into the town.3. And when it was made plain who Kino was, the doctor grew stern and judicious at the same time.When the doctor realized that Kino was the man who had asked for his help, he became both serious(about the treatment) and wise / clever (about how he could gain).4. And the doctor’s eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks and he thought of Paris.For a moment the doctor’s eyes were focused on nothing as his thoughts turned to Paris.5. The news stirred up something infinitely black and evil in the town; the black distillate was like the scorpion, or like hunger in the smell of food, or like loneliness when love is withheld.The news caused a profound “negative force” to be at work in the town. This could be compared to a scorpion, which causes pain, or the hunger created by the smell of food, or feeling of loneliness which comes when love is refused.6. The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.What acted as the “venom-producing bag” of the town, i.e., the increasing self-interest in the townspeople, began to create poison which afflicted the whole town with a negative force.。
新核心综合学术英语教程 4 Unit 6 参考答案
V. Keys to the ExercisesFocusing on ReadingTask 11 — Para. D2 — Para. F3 — Para. E4 — Para. B5 — Para. G6 — Para. I7 — Para. A 8 — Para. N9 — Para. C 10 — Para. H11 — Para.M 12 — Para. O13 — Para. LTask 21) The problems of earlier studies on the effect of food deprivation include: not enough attention waspaid on the effects of food deprivation on cognition; some of the findings have been contradictory;not all groups of people have been sufficiently studied; not all cognitive aspects have been studied.2) The purpose of the study was to understand how short-term food deprivation affects concentrationand perseverance with a difficult task.He chose concentration and perseverance as his experiment items because he considered these twoimportant in cognitive functioning.3) Three groups were employed in the experiment. The criterion is the length of food deprivation.4) He predicted that participants with long-term food deprivation would perform worse on theconcentration perseverance tasks than those with short-term food deprivation, who in turn wouldperform worse than those without food deprivation.The result was that food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration, and a significantTeacher’s Manual of an Integrated Academic English Course IV130effect on perseverance time, with the 12-hour group spending significantly less time on theperseverance task than either the control group or the 24-hour group, with no significant differencebetween the latter two groups.5) It was explained that the participants in the 12-hour group gave up more quickly on theperseverance task because of their hunger produced by the food deprivation, while the 24-hourgroup had developed “learned industriousness”. Another explanation was the motivational state ofparticipants, for the 12-hour group took the tests at 10 p.m., a prime time of the night for businessand socializing rather than for working on the puzzle.The first limitation of the study was the time of day when the respective groups took the tests, andthe second was the reasons of food deprivation; for example, fasting for religious reasons.Task 31) s 2) q 3) r 4) p 5) n 6) f7) g 8) m 9) k 10) l 11) i 12) j13) h 14) e 15) t 16) d 17) b 18) c19) a 20) o 21) x 22) v 23) w 24) uTask 4SentencesChineseequivalentsSynonyms1) The number of wells is a fair indicator of thedemand for water.指标，指示物index, display, signal, sign2) Body temperatures can fluctuate when you areill.波动，变动oscillate, change, alter, vary,vacillate3) Unemployment is a chronic problem in thiscountry.长期的，慢性的constant, deep-rooted, deep-seated,persistent, ineradicable4) I requested a copy of the form. 请求，要求demand, ask for, appeal for, put infor, desire, pray for, put forward,beg for5) She then proceeded to criticize the way I did it. 开始，继续进行continue, carry on, go on, go ahead, advance, continue6) Consumption of alcohol impairs your ability todrive.损害，削弱spoil, injure, decrease, weaken,damage, worsen, diminish,reduce, reduce, undermine, harm7) We need to designate someone as our spokesperson. 指定，指派name, appoint, choose8) Can my child be medically examined withoutmy consent?同意sanction, approval, assent,permission, agreement,acquiescence9) They’ve been deprived of the fuel necessary toheat their homes.剥夺，使丧失strip, rob, dispossess131Unit 6 The Effects of Food DeprivationSentencesChineseequivalentsSynonyms10) Many slopes are rock fields with sparse vegetation. 稀疏的，稀少的scarce, meager, sporadic, scattered, scanty11) He surmised that he had discovered one of theillegal streets.猜测，推断infer, guess, speculate, deduce,conclude, predicate, theorize12) Freud postulated that we all have a death instinct. 假定，认为presume, suspect, assume, presuppose, suppose, hypothesizeThe most formal ones are: fluctuate, oscillate, vacillate, ineradicable, undermine, sanction,acquiescence, sparse, meager, sporadic, surmise, hypothesizeTask 51) According to some researchers, most of the results so far prove that short-termfasting does notaffect cognitive function very much. However, it is too early to draw the conclusion because there isnot enough research on the cognitive functions such as concentration and perseverance. 2) In general, we found our hypothesis supported by the data, as 12 hours of food deprivation wouldgreatly affect perseverance when compared to no deprivation. Unexpectedly, 24 hours of fooddeprivation did not influence perseverance much when compared with the control group.3) We guess that the participants who were deprived of food for 12 hours gave up more quickly on theperseverance task because of hunger. But why didn’t 24-hour food deprivation produce the sameeffect? We assume that it is because of “learned industriousness” which means participants whoperform one difficult task do better on a following task than those who never took the f irst task.Task 6Summary: Future researches on food deprivation and cognition could include the effects of short-termfood deprivation on other aspects of cognition, exploration of longer-term fooddeprivation periods andthe effects of food deprivation on learned industriousness.Task 7Food deprivation has been found to affect people’s ability to focus on a task in previous studies, butnot much attention has been paid to the effects of food deprivation on cognition.①This study intendedto explore how short-term food deprivation affects concentration and perseverance with a difficulttask.②Qualified participants were divided into the control group(with no food deprivation), 12-hourfood deprivation group and 24-hour food deprivation group and they were assigned tofinish theconcentration tasks and perseverance tasks.③It was found that food deprivation had no significant effecton concentration, 12 hours of food deprivation greatly affected perseverance when compared to nodeprivation while 24 hours of food deprivation did not influence perseverance much.④“ Learnedindustriousness” and the motivational state of participants were the possible explanations for theresults.⑤The study provides some insights into the cognitive and physiological effects of skipping meals.(Continued )Teacher’s Manual of an Integrated Academic English Course IV132① the objective ② methods used ③ findings④ explanation ⑤ implicationTask 8(omitted)Task 9(omitted)Task 10(omitted)Research Paper WritingTask 1Function: Describe the outline of the talkFunction: Introduce the topicFunction: Indicate the shift from one idea to anotherFunction: Giving closing remarksFunction: Summarize the talkTask 2Will our city be buried under the sea in one thousand years time? It sounds funny but with theeffects of global warming becoming more and more serious, this may become true in the future. I’mgoing to discuss with you today the effects of global warming. I will concentrate on the three effects ofglobal warming in my presentation today: first, global warming causes melting glaciers and rising sealevels; second, global warming leads to climate change and has an impact on wild animals’ behaviorand habitat; the last effect is the retreating snowlines and death of some species of trees.Task 31) How many hours of sleep did you get last night?The lecture began with the question to arouse the listeners’ interest.2) The major points are the causes of sleep deprivation and its effects.He presented them in the first paragraph to give the listeners a general view of the content.3) The transitional words: but, however, as a result, also4) To illustrate difficult or abstract points.5) The rhetorical questions:In fact, did you know that more than 30 percent of American adults work more than f ifty hours aweek?How many of you would say that ... that you don’t go to sleep when you should because of the TVor the Internet?Rhetorical questions are used to catch the listeners’ attention.6) Colloquial expressions include: OK, well, let’s, yeah, now, yes, eh, as you can see. 133Unit 6 The Effects of Food DeprivationThe speaker uses them to talk to the audience instead of reading to them.7) The talk differs from a formal essay in several aspects: f irst, the talk uses colloquial words,like well, let’s, OK, etc.; the talk uses simpler language, like short sentences; third, the talk usescontractions, like don’t.Task 4(omitted)Task 5(omitted)Task 6(omitted)Task 7(omitted)Task 8(omitted)Task 9(omitted)Task 10Sentences to elicit questions from the audience:— Are there any questions you’d like to ask?— Feel free to ask questions if you have any.— I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.— Alright. Now, any questions or comments?Strategies dealing with questions and answers:— Ask for repetition or clarification if necessary“. Do you mean ...?”— Check that the question is relevant. If not, don’t answer if you don’t want to.“I’m afraid that’soutside the scope of my talk / this session.”— Refer questioner to another person if you can’t answer.“ I don’t think I’m the right person to answerthat. Perhaps (Mr. Holmes) can help ...”— Check that the questioner is satisfied with your answer: eye contact and a pause is often sufficient.“Does that answer your question?”Task 11(omitted)Task 12(omitted)Task 13(omitted)Task 14(omitted)Teacher’s Manual of an Integrated Academic English Course IV134Academic Survival SkillsTask 1Abstract:The study aims to find out the Fudan university students’ knowledge of anthropogenic climatechange. We designed a questionnaire including eight questions and gave it to 40 students, who weredivided into majors and non-majors in different grades. News media was found to be themost populardevice to make sense of information, but the classroom education is more important for majors tounderstand some professional knowledge. Another major finding of this study was that students’understanding of the anthropogenic global warming becomes more comprehensive in pace with gradeincreasing.Introduction:Error 1: It’s an interesting context to study appropriating of knowledge and sense making with respectto anthropogenic global warming.Revised: It is significant to study appropriating of knowledge and sense making with respect toanthropogenic global warming.Error 2: Henning Finsereas and his partners relies on data from the 2005—09 World Values Surveyto examine individual and cross-national variation in perception of seriousness of global warming,and show that a large majority of public in all countries are concerned about the problem of globalwarming.Revised: Henning Finsereas and his partners rely on data from the 2005—09 World Values Survey toexamine individual and cross-national variation in perception of seriousness of global warming, andshow that a large majority of the public in all countries are concerned about the problem of globalwarming.Error 3: Everyone wants to know what terrible things happened to the Earth and what influence to ourlife.Revised: Everyone wants to know what terrible things happen to the Earth and what influence theyhave on our life.Error 4:“ There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has beencaused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels”(Royal Society, 2010:1).Revised: The citation should be included in the references.Error 5: However, environmental change is not just the single factor of anthropogenic influence, andit’s a complex interactions.Revised: However, environmental change is not just the single factor of anthropogenic influence whichresults from complex interactions.Error 6: This paper study how the people reason about and make sense of human-made global warming,based on some interviews with the Fudan University students.Revised: This paper studies how people reason about and make sense of human-made global warming,135Unit 6 The Effects of Food Deprivationbased on some interviews with Fudan University students.Error 7: It shows that the domestication of climate science knowledge was shaped through foursense-making devices: news media, some experts’ disagreement about global warming (included theclassroom education), observations of political inaction, and considerations with respect to everydaylife.Revised: It shows that the domestication of climate science knowledge was shaped through foursense-making devices: news media, some experts’ disagreement about global warming (including theclassroom education), observations of political inaction, and considerations with respect to everydaylife.Error 8: The study is based on eight focus group interviews with the students at school, include theenvironmental science majors and non-professional students.Revised: The study is based on eight focus group interviews with the students at school,including theenvironmental science majors and non-professional students.Error 9: In these groups, with the exception of a smaller number, it was commonly accepted as a factthat anthropogenic global warming is under way.Revised: In these groups, with the exception of a small number, it was commonly accepted as a factthat anthropogenic global warming was under way.Error 10: The paper explores the ways of reasoning that produce these diverse positions, meanwhile,obtain the college awareness of global warming.Revised: The paper explores the ways of reasoning that produced these diverse positions and,meanwhile, it obtains the college awareness of global warming.Conclusion:Error 1: The results of questionnaire provide the following findings.Revised: The results of the questionnaire provide the following findings.Error 2: Because global warming is a hot topic, whether it is professional or not professional students,the majority are very concerned about the climate change.Revised: Because global warming is a hot topic, the majority of the students, professional or nonprofessional,are very concerned about climate change.Error 3: Furthermore, strong f low of information with the development of networks and smart phone,contribute to the people understanding of various academic fields, even some highly specializedknowledge.Revised: Furthermore, the strong f low of information brought by the development of networks andsmart phones contributes to people’s understanding of various academic fields, even some highlyspecialized knowledge.Error 4: The information resource has diversiform form, such as news media, classroom education,government documents and considerations with respect to everyday life.Revised: The information resource has diverse forms, such as news media, classroom education,government documents and considerations with respect to everyday life.Teacher’s Manual of an Integrated Academic English Course IV136Error 5: News media is the main resource in today’s information age. But for majors in university,classroom education gives more professional knowledge and correct sense-making. Revised: News media is the main resource in today’s information age, but for majors in university,classroom education gives more professional knowledge and correct sense-making.Error 6: So many sense-making devices give high-capacity information to people, and it’s not allsources of information have meticulous certification.Revised: So many sense-making devices give high-capacity information to people, but not all sourcesof information have meticulous certification.Error 7: Perhaps, the reason is that college atmosphere more open compared to a high school education,and give the opportunity to exchange various academic fields.Revised: Perhaps the reason is that college atmosphere is more open compared with high schooleducation, and gives the opportunity to exchange various academic fields.References:Error 1: BeritKvaloy, HeningFinseraas, OlaListhaug, 2012. The publics’ concern for global warming:A cross-national study of 47 countries. Journal of Peace Research, 49 (1), 11—22. Revised: Kvaloy, B, H. Finseraas and O. Listhaug. 2012. The publics’ concern for globalwarming: Across-national study of 47 countries. Journal of Peace Research, 49 (1): 11—22.Error 2: LeeAnnKahlor, Sonny Rosenthal, 2009. If we seek, do we learn?: predicting knowledge ofglobal warming. Science Communication, 380 originally published online 7 January 2009. Revised: Kahlor, L. and S. Rosenthal. 2009. If we seek, do we learn?: predicting knowledge of globalwarming. Science Communication, 380 originally published online 7 January 2009.Error 3: LI LiJuan, WANG Bin, ZHAOTianJun, 2007. Impacts of external forcing on the 20th centuryglobal warming. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52(22), 3148—3154.Revised: LI, LiJuan, WANG Bin, ZHAOTianJun, 2007. Impacts of external forcing on the 20th century global warming. Chinese Science Bulletin 52(22): 3148—3154.Error 4: Nicholas Smith, Helene Joffe, 2013. How the public engages global warming: A socialrepresentations approach. Public Understanding of science, 22, 16—32.Revised: Smith, N and Helene Joffe. 2013. How the public engages global warming: A social representations approach. Public Understanding of science 22: 16—32.Error 5: W. S. Broecker, 2006. Global warming: take action or wait? Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(9),1018—1029.Revised: Broecker, W. S. 2006. Global warming: take action or wait? Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(9):1018—1029.137。
新编英语教程(基础英语)第三版第四册课文翻译Book 4 Unit 6珍珠_英中对照
Unit Six第六单元Text I正文一Pre-Reading Questions预读问题Think about the following questions before you read the text.在你阅读课文之前，想一想下面的问题。
1.How do people usually think of pearl?As an ordinary piece of jewellery?A thing of great value?A useless ornament?Give reasons for your answer.1.人们通常如何看待珍珠？作为一件普通的珠宝？一件很有价值的东西？无用的装饰品？给出你回答的理由。
2.What might happen if a very poor person came into possession of a very large pearl of great value?Think of two or three possibilities.2.如果一个非常贫穷的人拥有了一颗非常大的价值连城的珍珠，会发生什么呢？想想两三种可能性。
For your reference供您参考(They are open questions.Let the students air their views freely and exercise their imagination.)(它们是开放的问题。
让学生自由发表意见，锻炼想象力。
)The Main Idea主要观点Much of the language of the text is metaphorical, and that makes it difficult for you to understandthe meaning of the passage quickly.But it is far from incomprehensible.Go over the text once, nottoo rapidly, and see how much you understand at first reading.这篇文章的大部分语言是隐喻性的，这使得你很难快速理解文章的意思。
外研社,新编大学英语综合教程4,Unit6 Risk,Quiz
外研社，新编大学英语综合教程4Unit6RiskQuiz1. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.1. The first span of the bridge is one hundred meters long.A. prefaceB. sectionC. blockD. phase2. Statistics indicate that there are more boys than girls attending school.A. NumbersB. AccountC. SchoolmasterD. Calculations3. Lampreys (七鳃鳗) and hagfish (盲鳗) have slimy, scaleless bodies shaped somewhat like thebodies of eels.A. in some casesB. at some timesC. to some degreeD. for some reasons4. De Vaca did the only wise thing by asking the Indians for food and shelter in their village.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. sentimentalD. sensational5. The United States was a divided nation in 1850—half slave and half free.A. alliedB. combinedC. separatedD. united6. Virtually all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory ofsoundless codes.A. SimultaneouslyB. AbsolutelyC. BasicallyD. Almost7. A baby's blood has slightly more hemoglobin (血红素) than that of an adult.A. noB. a littleC. evenD. very much8. In a 1983 newspaper poll, Ann Landers, an advice columnist, was listed among the twenty-fivemost influential women in the United States.A. surveyB. articleC. headlineD. conference9. A fundamental premise (前提) of a free-enterprise economic system is that all small business facedifficult competition.A. confrontB. takeC. loseD. appreciate10. A cup of whole milk provides roughly one hundred and sixty-six calories (热量) of energy.A. barelyB. coarselyC. onlyD. approximately11. Tanagers (唐纳雀) are usually found in the forests, where they feed on insects, fruits, and flowers.A. huntB. eatC. keepD. see12. Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an event's occurrence.A. predictabilityB. possibilityC. feasibilityD. undeniability2. Choose appropriate words to complete the following passage.Where do pesticides (杀虫剂) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen thatthey now soil, water, and food, and that they have the to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, (15)he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollutionthat is now so thoroughly throughout our world?We know that even single exposures these chemicals, if the amount is (18)sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must bemore with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of pesticides thatpollute our world.Responsible public health officials have that the biological (23)of chemicals are cumulative (累积的) over long periods of time, and that the danger tothe individual may the sum of the exposures received throughout his or her lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off (摆脱，避开) may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed bydiseases which have obviousof their worst enemies slowlyYour answer Correct answer(13) pollute pollute(14) power power(15) however much however much(16) distributed distributed(17) toto(18) large enough large enough (19) exposed to exposed to (20) concerned concerned (21) invisibly invisibly (22) pointed out pointed out (23) effects effects (24) depend on depend on (25) what what (26) signs signs (27)approachapproach3. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.28.If you are aware of what behavior is being rewarded in a given situation,你便可以随之改变你的行为). (accordingly)Your answerSuggested answeryou can change your behavior accordinglyyou can change your behavior accordingly29.收入减少大约56％) uponretirement among a sample of about 2,000 people. (approximately, reduction)Your answerSuggested answeran approximately 56 percent reduction in incomean approximately 56 percent reduction in income30.Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food,因为它们的干净、有韧性和低成本).(by virtue of, toughness)Your answerSuggested answerby virtue of their cleanness, toughness, and low costby virtue of their cleanness, toughness, and low cost31.The military fathers often believe that if they seek help for a problem, they may冒着使他们处于非常不利境地的风险) and thus ruin their career. (risk the danger of)Your answer Suggested answerrisk the danger of putting themselves in very unfavorable conditionsrisk the danger of putting themselves in very unfavorable conditions32.要成为一名合格的医生)，you have to study a long time andpass exams. (qualify)Your answerSuggested answerTo be qualified as a doctorTo be qualified as a doctor 33. 人造丝绸看起来和摸起来很像天然丝绸)，but people still prefer that latter.Your answer Suggested answerArtificial silk looks and feels much likenatural oneArtificial silk looks and feels much like natural one34.应我需要一名合格秘书的要求). (in response to)Your answerSuggested answerin response to my request for aqualified secretaryin response to my request for a qualified secretary35. 艺术不仅反映一个民族的政治价值观)，but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. (reflect)Your answer Suggested answerArt reflects not only the political values of a people Art reflects not only the political values of a people36.In many businesses, 计算机已在很大程度上替代了日常的文书工作), because they are fast, flexible, and reliable. (replace)Your answer Suggested answercomputers have largely replacedpaperworkcomputers have largely replacedpaperwork37.Usually, the more difficult a shrub (灌木) is to grow, 它的价格越高).Your answer Suggested answerthe higher its price the higher its price (is)。
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元 Unit 11.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。
Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to disturb his neighbours.2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。
To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour, Mr. Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house.3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章集中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染，噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。
The article recommended by Dr. Miller centres on the problem of air pollution;meanwhile, it touches upon other issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution.4.要不是她的朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。
If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything.5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。
It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change!6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有着一种复杂的感情。
新编大学英语第三版综合教程第四册课后答案
Unit 1 PersonalityV ocabulary1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsV ocabulary1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory/preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling 10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure2. 1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have …trouble 5) troublewith6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting …into trouble 8) took the trouble3. 1) with a pattern of roses 2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us3) promised faithfully 4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves7) the sound of distant thunder 8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou2) they were of no use at all in this place3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroatPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice万物之初天地还是一体充满混沌。
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Text I
Pre-reading Activity
Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
1.Look up the following words in the dictionary. 2.What subjects do you think this text is about? 3.What type of writing is it? What do you anticipate?
desAignndintghepnolifcinya_ll_yin_c_we_in_th_ti_vtefhosorsfearmkinerdsstoofprtohdinugcse
understood, we can think about more of these ecosystem services.
services. And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide
that humans care about and that we like.
_v_a_El_uc_eo_s. ySswteinmtosnerisvipcleasnnminayg
Unit 6
Text I Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
Text II Slaughter of the Elephant
❖ Text I ❖ Text II ❖ Oral Work ❖ Guided Writing ❖ Listening
expository piece of writing on ecology.
Text I
Listening Practice
This is Earth and Sky. When you look at a farm or a ranch, you might think to yourself, that’s wherec_o_r_n__ orda_i_r_y__ products come from.
Text I
Pre-reading Activity
Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
1. Predator: a wild animal that lives on other animals
by killing and eating them
prey.
Text I
List of key words of each paragraph
Now, please underline the key words or phrases.
not be bought and sold in a marketplace. a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what
But they have they'd pay for
ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas
Text 1: Predators, Parasites and Other Relationships
❖ Pre-reading Activity ❖ Structure ❖ Vocabulary Acquisition ❖ Intensive Reading ❖ Answer the Questions Orally
Parasite: a plant or animal that lives on or in
another and gets food from it
Ecosystem: a system which relates all the plants,
animals and people in an area to their surroundings 2. The title of the text strongly suggests that it is an
storage. Swinton
It’s also
part of wants
an to
uenffdoerrtsttoanudndheorwstas_np_de_c_tih_fie_c
value on farming
ecosystem services. practices affect the
ecosystem services that a piece of land provides.
Text I
List of key words of each paragraph
Now, please underline the key words or phrases.
1. Predators include lions, wolves, robins, frogs, humans, etc. 2. Humans are the greatest predators known 3. Predators do not really have an easy time killing defenseless
You might see _c_o_tt_o_n_ that goes into clothing, or wood for paper, construction or
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