英语单项知识的讲解与练习(19)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(123)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（123）611. envy 的用法envy 妒忌、羡慕。
例句：①They envy him his good fortune.他们羡慕他的好运气。
②I envy her ability to dance in front of a crowd.她在众人面前所展现的的舞技令我羡慕不已。
③He was filled with envy at my success.他对我的成功满怀羡慕。
④His new house was the envy of all his friends.他的新居成了所有朋友羡慕的对象。
短语：envy you your success/ envy your success/ envy you for your success/ envy you on account of your success 羡慕(妒忌)你的成功；the envy of somebody 某人的羡慕或妒忌；A’s envy of B，A 对B 的羡慕或妒忌；feel envy at 对……感到羡慕或妒忌；out of envy出于妒忌；hide her envy of me隐藏对我的妒忌；green with envy十分妒忌；be envious of羡慕……、妒忌……；envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事; with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地; be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物; envy at sb's success 羡慕某人的成功;in〔with〕envy 嫉妒；用法：①envy与the连用，表示羡慕、妒忌令人羡慕的人或物。
②envy和否定词连用时,常表示一种温和的惋惜、同情,也常表示庆幸自己未曾遭遇到对方那样的麻烦或不幸。
③envy作及物动词时,意思是“忌妒,羡慕”,后可接简单宾语、双宾语,也可以在宾语后接for加动名词等结构,但不能接从句。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(112)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（112）556. deliver的用法delivervt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)例句：①The mailman delivers letters and parcels every morning.邮差每天早晨递送信件和包裹。
②He delivered a long prose.他发表了一篇冗长乏味的演讲。
③We deliver the goods in batches.我们分批交付货物。
④Education delivered him from ignorance.教育把他从无知中解救出来。
⑤She delivered twins in the evening.晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
短语：deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩; deliver sth. to...把某物送到…; express delivery 快递; on delivery送达时；货到时; deliver on one's pledge (or promise)履行诺言；deliver oneself of an opinion发表意见；deliver a blow at one's enemy给予敌人一个打击；deliver as 作为…播送；deliver sb from danger 救某人出险；deliver sb from pains 解除某人的痛苦；deliver sb into the hand of the police 把某人引渡给警察；deliver sb of fear 消除某人的恐惧；deliver on 履行,实行；deliver over to the police 把(某人)交给警察；deliver oneself to 向…投案自首；deliver to sb's house 送到家；用法：①deliver可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(98)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（98）486. compete的用法compete比赛、竞赛。
例句：①Companies must be able to compete in the marketplace.公司一定要在市场中有竞争力。
②Several companies are competing for the contract.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
③We can compete with the best teams.我们能与最好的队竞争。
短语：compete for为了……竞争；compete in race 赛跑；compete with/ against somebody for something与某人竞争以得到某物；compete in (a game, a match) 参加；在……方面竞争; be in competition with sb.和某人竞争; compete as 作为…称职；compete at 在…方面胜任；compete for championship 争夺冠军；compete for sb's work 工作称职；compete in a contest 参加比赛；compete in one's field 胜任自己的专业；compete to the task 能胜任…工作；compete with 同…竞争；用法：①compete的基本意思是“力图取胜”,指在比赛、辩论等有竞争活动中为征服或取胜而进行的努力,常暗示有奖赏刺激物。
②compete是不及物动词,接against表示“与…对抗”,接for表示“夺取…”,接with表示“对…抗争”。
比较：compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金，合同等”，并不含有将对手征服的意思。
contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛，也可以是有敌意的竞赛，旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等，此外还可以表示赢得选举。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(38)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（38）186、appoint sb to sth/ appoint sb as sth （1）、appoint的宾语后接for，表示“指派……作……”。
如：He appointed （确定）three o’clock for the meeting.（2）、appoint后接介词to，表示“任命……职务”。
如：As president, he appointed men to his cabinet（内阁）.（3）、appoint的过去分词多用作表语，表示“陈设”。
如：The house was miserably appointed（简陋）.（4）、appoint that sth (shall be done）命令完成某事；（5）、appoint sb to be/ as/ to act as a secretary任命某人为秘书；（6）、appointment后接for 或at，表示“约会的时间”。
如：I have an appointment at five；（7）、appointment后接介词as或of，表示“将担任的职务”。
如：His appointment as premier was confirmed by 183 votes to 149；（8）、appointment后接介词to，表示“派任什么职务”。
如：He gave up his appointment to the professorship.（9）、appointment有时后接不定式，表示“委派做某事”。
如：He forgot the appointment to address the meeting.练习：①He’s been ___ to the State Supreme Court in California.A. determinedB. appointedC. admittedD. assumed②You want to see a doctor? Do you have a(n) ___ with him?A. meetingB. dateC. datingD. appointment③Have you made out your ___ for a passport?A. appointmentB. applicationC. appositionD. appreciation④Phone his secretary and make an appointment ___ him.A. forB. atC. withD. of⑤The headmaster a new director yesterday.A. appointedB. appointC. appointmentD. was appointed⑥If you want to meet him, you have to make an _____.A. appointedB. appointingC. appointmentsD. appointment187、appreciate your calling back（1）、appreciate 后接动名词，不接不定式，后不能接人称代词作宾语，要以事件为宾语。
初中英语语法复习(单项填空)
初中英语语法复习单项填空考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点扫描】单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。
它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广,题量大。
其主要考查点是：1。
考查基本语法；2。
考查同义词、近义词的辨析；3. 考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配；4. 考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。
【名师解难】由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境,抓住关键词。
具体应注意以下几点:1. 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法.重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。
对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚.还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
2. 在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰.英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境,就很容易答错题。
3. 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。
要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。
4。
掌握习语和日常交际用语。
应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。
由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。
从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。
由于单项选择覆盖面广,其解题思路也多种多样。
下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解题方法。
1. 直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识,通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：-—— Will you come to the net bars（网吧）with me?--- Sorry. My mother always tells me ___________there.A. not go B。
高考英语 --英语单项知识的讲解与练习(81)(含答案)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（81）401. candidate的用法candidate (n)候选人、投考者；例句：①There are three candidates for the vacancy.这一空缺有三名候选人。
②She had been nominated as candidate for the presidency.她已被提名为总统候选人。
③He made several favorable comments about their candidate.他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。
④Most candidates passed in grammar.参加考试的人大多数语法及格。
短语：as a candidate作为候选人；candidate for office公职候补者；candidate of a degree学位候选人；defeated〔failed〕candidate落选人员,不合格者；leading candidate主要候选人；selected candidate入选者；candidate for Presidency总统候选人，用法：candidate for后面一般加职业或者职位等，表示某方面的候选人。
如：John was the strongest candidate for the job.练习：①I guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his ____.A. opponentB. candidateC. colleagueD. advocate②They’re interviewing three _____ for the post of sales manager.A. sponsorsB. candidatesC. advocatesD. opponents③They are interviewing candidates _____ the job of sales managers.A.ofB.aboutC.forD.in④This candidate does not _____ the requirement that secondary school should be completed.A.makeB.getC.takeD.meet402. caution 的用法caution (n)小心、谨慎、警告；例句：①The teacher gave Tom a caution and told him never to do it again.老师给了汤姆一次警告,叫他不许再那样做。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）456. carve的⽤法carve刻、雕刻。
例句：①The statue was carved out of marble.这座雕像是⽤⼤理⽯雕刻的。
②He carved me some very nice pieces of chicken.他为我切了⼏块很好的鸡⾁。
③It's your turn to carve the meat.该你来把⾁切开了。
④He carved me a piece from a chicken. 他给我切⼀块鸡⾁。
短语：carve out one’s/ a way 开辟道路；carve up⽠分、划分；carve one’s name on a pen把名字刻在钢笔上；carve for oneself ⾃由⾏动；carve sth from ivory ⽤象⽛雕成某物；carve in gold 英名永垂；carve sth in marble〔metal, stone, wood〕⽤⼤理⽯〔⾦属,⽯头,⽊头〕雕成某物；carve into equal districts 划分成⼤⼩相同的⾏政区；carve sth out of a potato 把马铃薯雕成某物；⽤法：①carve有两个意思,⼀是“切,切碎”,如切⾁、切菜等,引申可指“⽠分”。
⼆是“雕刻”,即使⽤⼑、凿等⼯具细⼼熟练地、有⽬的地雕刻出图案、画像或⽂字。
②carve可⽤作不及物动词,也可⽤作及物动词。
⽤作及物动词时,可接简单宾语(可以是雕刻⽤的⽊、⽯; 也可以是⽤雕刻的对象如花朵等),也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转换为介词for的宾语。
练习：①The ___ pot showed that the ___ of human kind in China is very high in ancient ___.A. carve; civilize; timesB. carved; civilization; timesC. carved; civilized; timesD. carved; civilization; time②The worker carved a big Chinese character ___ a piece of stone.A. inB. toC. onD. into③The mother took a cake out of the bag and her children ___ immediately.A. carved out itB. carved it outC. carved up itD. carved it up④The soldiers had much difficulty ___ their way and marched on.A. to carveB. in carvingC. carving457. case的⽤法case箱⼦、盒⼦、情况、状况。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(91)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（91）451. budget的用法budget预算、预案；例句：①Congress has approved the new educational budget.国会通过了新的教育预算。
②Our budget needs drastic revision.我们的预算需作重大修改。
③The government has budgeted 10000000 pounds for education spending.政府将10000000英镑编入教育预算。
④If we budget carefully, we'll be able to afford a new house.如果我们精打细算就能买一座新房子了。
⑤You can buy high-quality goods at budget prices there.你可以在那买到物美价廉的商品。
短语：a budget deficit预算赤字；a family budget家庭收支预算；budget one’s time安排自己的时间；budget for the coming year为下一年度编造预算；enlarge budgets 增加预算；exceed a budget 超出预算；annual budget 年度预算；weekly budget 每周的预算；business budget 营业开支；expense budget 开支预算；用法：budget用作名词的基本意思是“预算”,指计划着怎样花钱。
也可指政府一年一度的财政预算,还可指一项计划中的“预算额,经费”。
练习：①Our money is limited and we should ___ for the next year.A. saveB. spareC. limitD. budget②They earn a great deal, but they can’t balance their ___ because the wife is often ill.A. planB. budgetC. projectD. prediction③He is good at ___ his time.A. budgetingB. arrangingC. budgetD. A and B④His father makes a little money, but he can budget ___ his family.A. inB. onC. forD. with452. burn的用法burn燃烧、晒(干)。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(61)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（61）301、be surrounded with/ by（1）、surroundings环境，总是用复数，相应的动词也用复数，主要指周围的物质环境。
如：live in pleasant surroundings生活在舒适的环境中；但为了强调整体概念而用了表示单数的指示代词也不算错。
（2）、condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。
（3）、environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
练习：①She has always been ___ with many fashionable friends.A. surroundedB. calledC. organizedD. gathered②___ by a group of children, the old man went on with the story.A. SurroundedB. SurroundingC. To be surroundedD. Being surrounded③We don't see animals in their natural ___ at a zoo.A. surroundingB. surroundingsC. environmentsD. circumstance④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the ___ countryside.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. surroundingsD. surround⑤_____ by the police, the thief had no choice but to surrender（投降）.A. SurroundedB. Having surroundedC. To be surroundedD. Surrounding302、survive sb by 15 years（1）、survive in the desert在沙漠中活下来；survive the fire经过大火而活下来；survive sb by 15 years比某人多活15年；survive on sth. = live on sth.靠……生存；（2）、survive作vt，宾语指人，表示比某人（通常是直系亲属）活得长，survive的宾语后可接by，表示“比某人多活……年”；survive 的宾语表示危险、灾难、攻击、动乱等时，表示“幸免于”。
Unit 1 Grammar 知识点讲解练习(解析版)
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar？Grammar目录语法1 情态动词can的用法 (1)语法2 can的句式变化 (2)课后巩固练习 (3)语法1 情态动词can的用法very fast.A．must B．can C．should D．may【答案】B【解析】句意：史蒂文擅长运动，他会打篮球和踢足球，跑得非常快。
考查情态动词。
must必须；can能，会；should应该；may可以。
根据“Steve is good at sports”可知，会打篮球和踢足球，故选B。
【练习65】(单项选择)—________ you dance last year? —No, but I ________ now.A．Can; could B．Could; can C．Can; can D．Could; could【答案】B【解析】句意：——去年你会跳舞吗？——不，但我现在会跳舞。
考查情态动词。
can情态动词，能，会；could情态动词，能，用在疑问句中表示委婉语气，也可表示过去的能力，第一空表示过去的能力用could，第二空是肯定句，有时间状语now 用can，故选B。
【练习66】(单项选择)Tom can’t play basketball on school days, but he ________ play it on weekends.A．must B．can C．have to D．should【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆不能在上学的日子打篮球，但他可以在周末打。
考查情态动词。
must必须、一定；can可以、能够；have to不得不；should应该。
由转折词but可知，前后句之间表达的应是转折关系，前面说不能在上学的日子打篮球，则后面应该是说可以在周末打，因此can符合题意，故选B。
语法2 can的句式变化Bill ________ ________ the piano well.【答案】can play【解析】句意：比尔钢琴弹得很好。
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习（19）91、only 放在句首修饰状语例句：Only then did she realize she had made mistakes. 直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。
only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
如：Only when he came back did I go to bed.only 放在句首修饰状语时，主句部分要倒装，修饰主语、宾语时，则不倒装。
如：Only you understand me.只有你了解我。
not only … but also = not just … but = more than … also不但……而且；不用于否定句，not only 置于句首引导一个分句时，用倒装语序；练习：①Not only ___ interested in football but ___ beginning to show an interest in it.A.the teacher himself is; all his students areB. the teacher himself is; are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself; are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself; all his students are②Not only ___ us grow up tall and strong but it also gives us a scene of fair play and team spirit.A. playing football makesB. playing football makeC. does playing football makeD. makes playing football③Only after a year ___ to see the result of my work.A. I beganB. did I beginC. had I begunD. began I④Only in this way will you be able to make progress in your English.A. will youB. you willC.you canD. can you⑤I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____ the importance of studies.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize⑥Only then_____how much damage had been caused.A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize⑦_____ by keeping down cost will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.A. OnlyB. JustC. StillD. Yet92、rather than的用法例句：I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame. 我认为该受责备的是汤姆，而不是你。
A rather than B/ rather A than B, rather than(倒不如说、是……而不是……)是选择性连词，表示：宁可A 也不要B/ 与其B 不如A/ 是A 而不是B。
rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。
rather than连接两个主语时，其后面谓语动词的单复数形式取决于rather than前面主语的单复数形式。
同类词汇、短语还有：as well as，together with，except，but，like，with，besides，including等。
另外：or rather更确切地说；other than 除了……之外，常用于否定句中；would rather do sth. than do sth. = prefer doing sth to doing sth/prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事；would do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事；would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事；I would/ had rather 后接的从句通常不用that 引导，从句动词用虚拟式。
如：I would/ had rather you paid me now.练习：①Whom would you r ather ___ the picture of you?A. have takingB. to have takenC. have takeD. having to take②I’d rather ___ the game than ___ the other player.A. lose; hurtB. to lose; to hurtC. lose; hurtingD. losing; hurt③John wants to see you today. I w ould rather he ___ tomorrow than today.A. comeB. cameC. should comeD. has come④What would you rather ___ yourself? I’d prefer ___ at home than___ shopping.A. do; to stay; goingB. do; staying; goingC. to do; to stay; goD. do; to stay; go⑤Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which ___ do yourself?A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather⑥Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? ___.A. I’d rather you didn’t actuallyB. Of course not, it’s not allowed hereC. great! I love petsD. No, you can’t⑦Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ___ a bike.A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to rideD. to ride; riding⑧He would rather that you ___ the book to him now.A. returnedB. returnC. are returningD. had returned⑨I ___ to work there if I have to listen to him.A. would not rather goB. would rather not goingC. would not rather goingD. would rather not go⑩He c ame all the way to China for building up friendship ___ for making money.A. other thanB. much thanC. better thanD. rather than⑾You can’t go to the island ___ by boat.A. rather thanB. except thanC. more thanD. other than⑿He replied that ___ read a word, he would attack the captain and be put in prison.A. rather thanB. ratherC. more thanD. how93、nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语例句：He don’t know about it. Nor do I. 他不了解这件事，我也不了解。
句子结构为：nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。
此句型是一个倒装句，意为“……也不”，用于否定陈述句之后，说明后者的情况与前者相同。
用“so+助动词+主语”结构，表示肯定陈述句之后说明后者情况与前者相同，如：He disliked the film, and so did I.so it is with sb./It is the same with sb. 某人也是这样。
so it is with sb./It is the same with sb.结构陈述两种或两种以上的情况，既可用于肯定，也可用于否定。
“否定词+助动词+主语”是常用的倒装句式，常用词：not, never, no, nowhere, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, little, rarely。
如：He never went again, and nor did he write to apologize.当主语是同一个人或物时，或当并列分句有两个以上时，只能用nor，不用neither。
练习：①—I don’t think I can walk any farther!— _____ . Let’s stop here for a rest.A. Neither am IB. Neither can IC. I don’t think soD. I think so②—He has made great progress recently.—_____ and _____ .A. So he has; so you haveB. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have youD. So has he; so you have③The elephant isn’t like a wall. _____ he like a fanA. Nor isB. Neither isn’tC. So isD. And is④I don’t know, nor do I care.A. nor amB. neither amC. nor doD. neither do⑤He can’t do it, _____ I , _____ you, _____ anybody.A. nor can, neither can, neither canB. neither can, nor can, neither canC. neither can, neither can, nor canD. nor can, nor can, nor can94、adjust oneself to的用法adjust作不及物，后接to，表示“适应”。