新托福真题集——2013.01.13写作篇
2013年度托福独立作文题库
2013年度托福独立作文题库2013.01.12An effective leader tries to make others feel that they have been part of making a decision.2013.01.13Do you think your should make sure others (your leader or colleagues) know your strength and accomplishment, because it is the only way to be successful?2013.01.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today are more likely to help others than young people were in the past.2013.01.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happiness than your living environment does.2013.03.02Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In such a busy or crowded world, people shouldn't expect others to be polite to us. Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.2013.03.03Do you agree or disagree：young people today are more likely to give time and effort to improving the world than young people were in the past.2013.03.16Do you agree or disagree：Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country are more interesting than those made in other countries.2013.03.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The best leaders are those who are willing to admit when they made bad decisions. 2013.03.30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Even though many people from different countries care about environment problems (pollution and global warming), the environmental situation can not be improved in the future.2013.04.14Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? Good Food，Good Location，Good Friends to travel with2013.04.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should build more art museum or music performance than recreational facilities？2013.05.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them.2013.05.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should support scientific research even though the research has no practical use. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.05.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not very different from challenges that their parents and grandparents faced when they were young. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.06.08Do you agree or disagree with the statement? It is more fun to see a movie in a cinema (theater) with other people than see a movie at home.2013.06.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The way a person dresses is a good indication of his or her personality or character. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.06.30 ( 重复09.12.19NA）Do you agree that people will feel happier if they have fewer possessions2013.07.13Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays, neighbors depend on each other less than the people in the past2013.07.14Do you agree or disagree that in the past people were more friendly than they are today?2013.07.20 (重复09.08.07 NA)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Parents spend too much time to help their children to determine their future; children should be allowed to make choices on their own.2013.07.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is impossible to always be honest to your friends.2013.08.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: University should spend more money supporting social activities rather than improving the food students eat. 2013.08.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to have rules about the types of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and at school. 2013.08.251 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays.2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Some scientists are responsible for the negative impacts that are made by their discoveries.2013.09.01Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only movies that can teach us something about real life is worth watching.2013.09.08Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To increase economic growth, the government should ignore environmental e specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013.09.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who keep their room neat and organized are more likely to be successful in the future.2013.09.28When you are assigned an important presentation for work or school,you prefer to work on it right away so that you can work on it a little bit every day,or wait until you have a good idea about the presentation.2013.09.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?University students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.2013.10.121 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happier than people who stay in their native village or town.2013.10.201 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students can use their mobile phones to surf on the internet or listen to the music while doing their homework.2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shops that specialize in different items.2013.10.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?: Student activities do as much benefit as academic study.2013.11.02Do you agree or disagree: it is better for people to have friends who are intelligent than to have friends who have a good sense of humor.2013.11.09Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Should parents spend more times playing games or doing sports with their children or should they spend moretime helping their children with their schoolwork?2013.11.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People learn about one person from books and movies that person like2013.11.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers’ performance should be evaluated by students rather than by other teachers.2013.11.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People live in the countryside are happier than those live in the city.2013.12.01Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All school teachers should take courses every five years to update their knowledge.2013.12.07Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playground.2013.12.151Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People now show less respect to teachers than in the past.2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is easier to maintain good health than in the past?。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(8)
根据一份今在「英国医学杂志」刊出的报告指出，母乳虽然含有丰富营养，但长期吃母奶无助於降低幼儿罹患气喘和过敏症状风险。
【Section One】ArticleThe benefits of breast-feeding are many and varied. Studies suggest that breast-fed kids are smarter, taller, thinner, healthier and less stressed than babies on bottles. Plus, breast-feeding helps moms bond with their babies and may even lower their blood pressure. So, is there anything breast milk can‘t do? Apparently, yes, according to a new study published Tuesday by BMJ Online: It doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.That‘s a question researchers have long debated. Until now, the evidence has been mixed: Some studies have suggested that exclusive, prolonged breast-feeding helps stave off asthma and allergies later in life; other studies have shown no protection, or even an increased risk. But most of the available data has come from observational studies. The new BMJ paper, in contrast, was a large, long-term randomized trial that involved more than 17,000 breast-feeding women and babies, 13,889 of whom were tracked until age 6 1/2. Researchers recruited the moms in maternity hospitals and clinics in Belarus. About half of them — those who had already begun breast-feeding — were encouraged to continue breast-feeding exclusively; the control group got no such extra urging.Researchers report that women in the intervention group breast-fed significantly longer than women in the control group: at three months, 73% of the intervention group was breast-feeding, compared with 60% of the control group, and the number of women breast-feeding exclusively was seven times higher. By a year after birth, rates of breast-feeding had dropped across the board; but still, 20% of the intervention group was breast-feeding versus 11% of the controls.In general, about 10% of the children had ever suffered wheezing in their lives, though less than 1.5% had had full-blown asthma. Roughly 3% to 5% had had hay fever, and about 1% had suffered bouts of eczema. Researchers also performed skin-prick tests on the children; again, there was no significant difference between incidence of allergy — to dust mites, cats, pollen, grass and Alternaria, a common fungus —between the groups. In the breast-fed group, about 9% were allergic to pollen and Alternaria, 12% to cats and grass and 15% to dust mites.Absolute rates of all allergies were slightly lower in the control group, but the variations weren‘t statistically relevant.The BMJ study is "to our knowledge.. the largest randomizedtrial ever done in the area of human l actation," write the study‘s authors. But it‘s not likely to be the last. Science will continue to debate the discrete pros and cons of breast-feeding, but doctors unanimously agree that breast, in general, is best for babies‘ health, growth and development. Mothers should breast-feed newborns for at least 12 months — and exclusively for at least 6 months — according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.【Section Two】Vocabulary。
2013年大陆托福已考独立作文汇总 (2)
2013-01-12Agree or disagree? An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.2013-01-13Agree or disagree? It is important to make sure that others know about your strengths and accomplishments; if you are not so, you will be never successful in life.2013-01-26Agree or disagree? Young people today are more likely to help others than young people in the past. (2012.03.09NA)2013-01-27Agree or disagree? The place you choose to live has a greater effect on your overall happiness than the job. (2012.09.22NA)2013-03-02Agree or disagree? Our society today is so busy and crowded that people do not need to be polite to eachother. (2011.02.12ML)2013-03-03Agree or disagree? Young people today are more likely to give time and effort to improve the world than young people were in the past. (2012.10.19.NA)2013-3-16Agree or disagree? Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country are more interesting than those made in other countries.2013-3-17Agree or disagree? A leader should admit if they made a bad decision. (2012.09.29ML) 2013-3-24Agree or disagree? It is easier for parents to raise children nowadays than 50 years ago.2013-03-30Agree or disagree? Despite the fact that many countries say they care about environmental problems, the environmental situation will not improve significantly in the future.(2012.3.23NA) 2013年4月14日Which contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation? Good food, good location, good friends to travel with. (2012.04.20NA)2013年4月20日Agree or disagree? It’s more important for the government to spend money to build art museums and music performance centers than to build recreational facilities (such as swimming pool and playgrounds). (2009.09.19NA)2013年5月11日Agree or disagree? People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them.2013年5月18日Agree or disagree? Government should support scientific research even if the research does not have any practical use.2013年5月26日Agree or disagree? The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not very different from the challenges their parents and grandparents faced in the past.2013年6月8日Agree or disagree? It is more fun to see a movie in the cinema with other people than see a movie at home.2013年6月15日Agree or disagree? The way a person dresses in is a good indication of his/ her personality and character.2013年6月30日Agree or disagree? People will feel happier if they have fewer possessions.2013年7月13日Agree or disagree? People rely on their neighbors less now than in the past.2013年7月14日Agree or disagree? People are more friendly in the past than today.2013年7月20日Agree or disagree? Parents now spend too much time on determining the future of their children; children should be allowed to make their own choices.2013年7月21日Agree or disagree? It is impossible to be completely honest with your friends.2013年8月17日Agree or disagree? Would you rather your school spend money on social events and facilities or on improving the cafeteria menus?2013年8月24日Agree or disagree? It is important to have rules about the type of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and at school.2013年8月25日(一日两题)第一套Agree or disagree? It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays.第二套Agree or disagree? Some scientists are responsible for the negative impacts that are made by their discoveries.2013年9月1日Agree or disagree? Only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth watching.2013年9月8日Agree or disagree? To increase economic growth, the government should ignore the environmental concerns.2013年9月14日Agree or disagree? People who keep their room clean and tidy are more likely to be successful in the future.2013年9月28日When you are assigned an important presentation for work or school, you prefer to work onit right away so that you can work on it a little bit every day, or wait until you have a goodidea about the presentation?2013年9月29日Agree or disagree? University students should be required to take history courses no matterwhat field they study.2013年10月12日(一日两题)第一套题Agree or disagree? In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different fromothers.(2008.10.12NA/2010.2.7ML)第二套题Agree or disagree? People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happierthan people who stay in their native village or town. (2011.2.20ML)2013年10月20日(一日两题)第一套题Agree or disagree? It is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shopsthat specialize in different items.第二套题Agree or disagree? While doing their homework, it is okay for students to use their cell-phonesto surf the internet or listen to music.2013年10月27日Agree or disagree? Student activities do as much benefit as academic study. (2012.7.6NA.) 2013年11月2日Agree or disagree? It is better for people to have friends who are intelligent than to havefriends who have a good sense of humor.r>2013年11月9日 (一日两题)第一套题1)Agree or disagree? Parents learn more from children than children learn from parents.(2013.1.12.NA)第二套题2) Should parents spend more time playing with their children or do something related withstudy?(2012.11.3.NA)2013年11月17日Agree or disagree? People can learn about a person from the books and movies the person likes.2013年11月23日Agree or disagree? Teachers’ performance should be evaluated by students rather than by otherteachers.2013年11月24日Agree or disagree? People who leave home for the city are more likely to be more successfuland happier than people who remain in the village.2013年12月1日Agree or disagree? All school teachers should be required to take courses every 5 years to update their knowledge.2013年12月7日Agree or disagree? The government must make choices about how to spend its money on amusing the people. Given the choices between spending tax dollars on art or sport, it should spend those dollars on art.2013年12月15日(一日两题)第一套题Agree or disagree? It is easier to maintain good health nowadays than it was in the past.第二套题Agree or disagree? Students nowadays do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.2013年12月21日Agree or disagree? Advertising is less honest than in the past; for this reason, it is not useful for people to choose products to buy.2013年12月28日Should students spend most time playing and studying, or should they be required to help their family with housework chores, like cooking and cleaning?。
2013年1月13日新托福写作考题回顾
2013年1月13日新托福写作考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-01-21摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了1月13日新托福阅读写作考题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期：2013.01.13Task 1INTEGRAED Carolina Bays形成的原因阅读文章要点：文章认为是由于小行星撞击造成的。
1. 有asymmetrical pattern, 这个bay的一边比另一边高，是因为小行星撞击导致的；2. 这个bay的sand外面没有iron, 而其他地方的sand外面都有一层iron, 这是因为撞击时产生的热量使iron熔化了；3. 这个bay有buckyball, 正是由于撞击时的巨大压力造成的。
听力逐一反驳：1. 高度不同可能是其他原因造成的，比如water flow, water flow从一个方向流到另外一个方向，会使得pressure不一样，导致了asymmetrical pattern;2. 要让iron熔化需要很高的温度，在这个温度下沙子都变成玻璃了，但是沙滩上没有发现玻璃；3. 如果是撞击形成了buckyball, 那么这些buckyball就应该到处都有，但是在这个bay 只有一些地方有，很有可能是lightening导致了这些buckyball。
Task 2 INDEPENDENT 独立写作话题类别成功类考题文字：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should make sure that others (especially influential people and potential employers) know their strengths and accomplishments. If they do not do this, it is hard for them to achieve success.本次写作考试点评：本次新托福综合写作重复2010.08.14大陆考题；独立写作重复2010.10.23大陆考题。
2013年托福写作题目选编
2013年托福写作题目选编小马过河为大家准备了“2013托福写作题目选编”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-2671. Some people think that parents should plan their children"s leisure time carefully. Other people believe? that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time, Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choice.2. People should be realistic rather than romantic in order to live a better life. Do you agree or disagree? with the statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.3. People should never be satisfied with what they have, they should always want something new or? something different Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons for your choice.4. Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think? that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to) support your position.5. Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports. Other students do not take part in?? such activities because they spend more time on their studies. Tell why you think the two groups of? students spend their time differently? Which type of student do you prefer to be? Explain why.6. Traveling is more important than reading books in order to understand the people and the world. Do you agree or disagree with the statement Use specific reasons to support your answer.7. Some people like different friends. Others like similar friends. Compare the advantages of these two? kinds of friends. Which kind of friend do you prefer. Explain why?8. After they complete their university studies, some students live in their hometowns, others live in? different towns or cities. Which do you think is better ... living in your hometown or living in different towns or cities. Give specific reasons for your answer.9. Some people believe that newspaper are the best source of news. Others think that the news is presented? better on radio or television. Which of these sources of news do you prefer? Use specific examples to? support your choice. 10. Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entertaining , enjoyable way. Other? people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious, formal way. Which of these two ways of? learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.11. Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite? view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation. Tell which one you agree with and explain why.12. Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for? what they pare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you? prefer? Explain why.13. Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers? more advantages than disadvantages. Other people think that being the only child is more? advantageous. Write a short essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position. Explain which position you support.14. Some people think studying in a university is worthwhile only because you can get a degree. Do you? agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific reasons to support your answer.15. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives.? Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.16. Someone think that playing a game is fun only when you win. Do you agree or disagree with the? statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.17. A research center is going to be established in a university. There is an argument whether to establish an agricultural center or a business one. Which do your think is better. Use specific reasons to support your answer. 来源：18. "Fiction (such as short stories or novels) can teach us more about life than textbooks can". Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Use specific examples to support your answer.19. Living in big cities has more advantages dm living in small towns or countryside. Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.20. Some university students want to live in a room alone. Others prefer having roommates. Which do you like better living alone or living with roommates? Give specific examples to support your answer.21. Some people like to travel alone, other like to travel together with several friends. Which do you prefer, Why?22. Which is more important for you in your life? Knowledge from books you read, or personal experiences in reality.Please use details to explain your answer.23. Newspapers contain many information topics such as sports, current event, business and entertainment. Which topic do you like to read most often. Give reasons to explain your answer.24. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should always show their strong emotions (such as excitement, anger, or joy). Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.25. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Dissatisfaction leads to progress. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.26. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement. A student"s main purpose in getting an education is to earn a lot of money. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.27. Some students like to attend a large university that has many students. Others prefer to attend a small university that has fewer students. Which type of university do you prefer? Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.28. Some students like to have outdoor activities. Others like indoor activities. Which do you prefer? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.29. How do movies or TV influence people"s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.30. Some people like to buy books to read, others like to borr4Dw books from libraries or from other people. Compare the advantages of these two ways of reading. Which do you prefer? Why?31. Some universities arrange a long period of vacation for students in the school year, others arrange several short vacations. Which kind of vacation do you prefer---a long vacation or a short one? Give specific reasons and examples for your answer.32. Some people like to communicate by telephone, Other people like to communicate by letter. Which do you prefer to communicate-by phone or by letter? Use specific and details to explain your answer.33. Some people like to listen to classical music, others like to listen to popular music (including popular songs).Which kind of music do you prefer? Give specific reasons for your answer.34. Games teach people about life. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific s for your answer.35. Many important natural resources such as water, forests, oil, etc, are running out in the world today. What should we do to protect them? Give specific examples to support your idea about one kind of these resources.36. When people succeed, it is because of hard work luck has nothing to do with success, Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.37. Sometimes it is fun to think of living in another time and place. If you could experiencea different time and place,what time and what place would you choose? Use reasons and specific details to support your answer.38. Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities ofa good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer?39. Some people like to eat at home and prepare food for themselves, others like to eat outside in restaurants or foodstands. Which way of eating do you prefer.? give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.40. Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented. Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific reasons for your decision.41. Some people say that the best way to raise children is to encourage them to be independent thinkers. Others disagree and say that children need to be taught discipline in order to become successful. Using specific examples, discuss these two opinions. State which one you agree with and why?42. Some people like to work or study at night, others like to work or study during the day. Which do you prefer-work or study at night or during the day? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.43. Some people like to study alone, others like to study with several people together. Which do you prefer-study alone or study with other people? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.44. Some people like to use computers to type letter, others like to write letters witha pen. Which do you prefer and why?45. Some companies like to employ younger and enthusiastic people, other companies like to employ older and experienced people. If you were a boss, which kind of people do you like to employ. Give reasons and specific examples to illustrate your answer.46. "It"s better to make wrong decision dm make no decision at all." Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons or specific examples to illustrate your answer.47. Some people tend to work only for money, while others believe that people should enjoy what opinion do. Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?48. Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.49. Should the money invested into a university be used to improve the library or to improve the physical training facilities? What do you think? Why?50. Should the money invested into a university library be used to buy books or to buy computer? What do you think? Why?来源于：小马过河。
托福机经真题2013年1月13日
托福机经真题2013年1月13日(总分：18.00，做题时间：120分钟)听力1.学生和图书馆管理员讨论workshop的问题。
学生说，我要进XX workshop, 管理员说满了，学生说我还以为先到先得。
管理员说不是，要预定。
然后学生问怎么办，教授要我参加这个workshop然后写paper, 我本来以为还有两周，结果是看错时间了，就剩下一周了，我要参加，不然没法写paper了。
管理员说今晚明早都有。
学生说，我今晚有活动，那明早吧。
管理员说你还可以弄个online培训还是什么的，就是教怎么search information的，可以帮到你。
学生说，那我是不是就不用参加workshop了，online是不是和它一样。
管理员说不是，online这个是教你怎么search, 但是不教对search到的信息怎么甄别，比如说有的人不权威，学术造假啊之类的。
你还是参加一个workshop吧。
（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：2.K-T boundary。
说这个是个什么的分界线，但是女生说这不是个岩石圈的名字吗？这个其实指的是个三层土。
先讲恐龙灭绝可能是行星撞击产生的，然后讲了一个地方的土是分层的，最下面是铀，最上面是啥，中间有个clay层里面有化石。
主要是不同意这个三层的土是撞击形成的。
因为撞击就两层，最上面和最底下的那层。
然后说有个人研究是撞击造成的，因为中间有个什么过程（好像是沉积），所以有了clay层。
（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3.降水的形成。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(9)
Introduction海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。
当地震发生于海底，因震波的动力而引起海水剧烈的起伏，形成强大的波浪，向前推进，将沿海地带一一淹没的灾害，称之为海啸。
VocabularyTsunami n.海啸high-rises n.高楼(注意前面用的是tall buildings)temblor n.地震holocaust n.大屠杀universal time n.(=Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治(平均)时extensive 这里注意原文中“the most extensive tsunami warning system around”我们在写作的时候也可以这样用最大的什么机构组织。
tremor n.震动, 颤动bulletin n.公告evacuate v.疏散, 撤出, 排泄fiasco n. 大惨败dialects n.方言比较长，建议只泛读ArticleWednesday‘s massive earthquake near Indonesia was distressingly similar to the one that killed over 220,000 people in December of 2004. Both happened off the coast of Sumatra and put atleast a dozen other countries at risk of tsunami. Yesterday’s magnitude-8.4 quake was smaller than the 9.1 of 2004, but only slightly. Tall buildings swayed in Jakarta, and some high-rises were evacuated in Singapore. And less than 24 hours later, the quake was followed by a second and third temblor in the same area, which brought buildings down in the coastal Indonesian city of Padang and triggered more tsunami warnings around the region.So far, the damage appears to be much less serious than the 2004 disaster —thankfully. It’s too early to guess at a body count, but most of the destruction will probably come from the quakes themselves, not from a tsunami.Three years after one of the worst disasters in history, though, the quakes pose worrisome questions: are we any more prepared? Has any progress been made in building better tsunami warning systems? Or can we expect another holocaust any day now?One thing, at least, has changed dramatically. The first earthquake happened at 11:10 universal time. Although it occurred in the Indian Ocean, it was detected by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, headquartered in Hawaii, which has the most extensive tsunami warning system around — largely because the Pacific Ocean is where 70% of the world’s earthquakes normally happen.The 2004 quake was quickly detected by the Pacific Center, too, so that’s no big deal unto itself. This time, th ough, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (and a Japanese warning system that also noticed the earthquake) knew what to do with the information. Fourteen minutes after the tremor, the Pacific Center sent a bulletin around the world, warning all at-risk nations that there might be a tsunami and estimating when it might strike, to the minute. Those channels of communication simply didn’t exist in 2004. Basic as it may seem, this across-the-water communication represents a huge breakthrough.But a warning onl y helps if someone passes it along. And here’s where things get dicey all over again. "Presumably all of the countries should have gotten that bulletin in minutes," says Lori Dengler, a geology professor and tsunami expert at Humboldt State University in California. "Then it becomes an internal decision to decide whether to call a tsunami warning in their country. Because we’re dealing with sovereign nations, that makes it complex."Each nation on the Indian Ocean has its own procedure — or lack thereof — for what to do next. They decide whether to issue a public warning, whether to call for an evacuation and how to do it in a waythat people understand. In some places, like southern Bangladesh, a warning to evacuate was disseminated by police over loudspeakers four hours before the tsunami might have arrived, and many people rushed to high ground.But in Indonesia, the last test run didn’t go so well. In July 2006, a major earthquake caused a tsunami, headed for Java. The Indonesian government received the alert, but the island of Java still had no real warning system. More than 600 people died.Indonesia’s ability to communicate with the public has improved since the Java fiasco, says Laura Kong, director of the International Tsunami Information Centre. And to be fair, it’s a difficult problem. Disseminating an effective warning fast is complicated. There is currently much debate in emergency-management circles over the relative merits of sirens, text messages and other high-tech gadgetry. The state of California has not yet figured out the best way to get a tsunamialert to its coastal residents; Indonesia, in comparison, must spread the word to 235 million people who speak hundreds of dialects.But there are simpler ways to avoid tsunami fatalities. Before most waves strike, the ground shakes or the sea recedes dramatically. In some areas, everyone knows that these signs mean you must head for high ground; in most places, though, people are unaware of the warning signs. In Thailand, which lost 5,400 people in the Indian Ocean tsunami three years ago — half of them tourists — many hotels still do not educate guests about these simple clues. "Putting up a danger sign is bad for business," says Kong. "The businesses, and hotels in particular, are wary." I t’s a shocking lapse, but not an uncommon one: Kong has runinto the same attitude in Hawaii hotels and has learned to temper her expectations. She hopes that at the least, front-desk staff and other key hotel employees can be trained on recognizing the signs of a tsunami to assist guests in an emergency. "We just have to be practical and reasonable."Overall, however, Kong believes that we’re much better off than we were a couple of years ago. If the 2004 tsunami happened again today in exactly the same way, the death toll would be lower, she says.That’s good, since we can expect more of them. A major incident like the 2004 quake puts geological stress on the entire region — not the most stable in the world to begin with — which helps explain why we have seen more magnitude-8 or larger quakes there than normal. Especially in Indonesia, nestled right in the middle of a nest of earthquake faults, it can only be a matter of time.Homework1. What is the main idear of this Article?2.Please translate the sentence into Chinese.It‘s a shocking lapse, but not an uncommon one: Kong has run into the same attitude in Hawaii hotels and has learned to temper her expectations.3.what is "one thing,at least, has changed dramtically"?4.what is the simpler way to avoid tsunami fatalities?。
新托福真题：2013托福阅读考试真题及答案解析(3)
任何饮食习惯都无法违反热力学定律，即使现在充斥各种神奇的减重方法，减轻体重的唯一方法只有消耗的热量。
但新的研究指出增加体重的身体位置可以提供线索来决定那种饮食习惯将最适合你。
【Section One】ArticleNo diet has ever been able to defy the laws of thermodynamics. Whether you go low carb, low fat, low this or low that, the only way to lose weight is to burn more calories than you consume. Even the new "it" diet, volumetrics—which uses fancy terms such as energy density and satiety to describe why filling up on certain low-calorie, water-based foods like celery makes you less hungry—can‘t mir aculously melt away fat. But new research indicates that where on your body you pack onextra kilograms may provide a clue to determining which diet will work best for you.It is already widely accepted that even the most rigorously adhered-to diet will not produce the same results from person to person. Some of us are simply genetically predisposed to burn more calories more efficiently than others. Restricting those calories, as you do on a diet, will similarly lead to differing results. But the biggest wild card in the diet game may be how you crank out insulin.As digestion breaks down much of what we eat into sugary,energy-rich fuel that helps keep us on the go, insulin triggers the body to store excess sugar floating around the bloodstream as fat. Insulin was particularly important in our caveman days, when we needed theenergy from one meal to last as long as possible, until we had hunted down the next. "Insulin is the hormone of feast," says Gary D. Foster, director of the center for obesity research and education at the Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia.But nowadays, with food so plentiful that groups like Weight Watchers are making a fortune promoting portion control, our insulin is often forced to work overtime, sweeping up the excess carbohydrates we pour into our system from candy bars or fruit juice or starchy foodslike pasta. Sometimes insulin can do such a good job of responding to a spike in blood sugar that it causes those levels to quickly drop. Thisin turn can lead to feelings of hunger shortly after a big meal. Forthis reason, many scientists think insulin‘s ride on the blood-sugar roller coaster may be a stimulus for overeating and, as a result, weight gain. It would be nice if there were an easy way to determine howaggressive your particular insulin response is, and now it appears there is.In a study of 73 obese adults published last month in theJournal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.), Dr. David Ludwig, director of the obesity program at the Children‘s Hospital Boston, and his colleagues looked at high- and low-insulin secretors. People who rapidly secrete a lot of insulin after eating a little bit of sugar tend to carry their excess weight around their waist—the so-called apple shape. People who secrete less insulin carry their excess fat aroundtheir hips—the pear shape. Those differences are more thanaesthetic.Low-secreting, pear-shaped people will do equally well oneither type of diet. But the results went deeper than simply how much weight was lost.Over the course of six months, high-secreting, apple people lost an average of 6 kg on a low-glycemic diet and just 2.3 kg on a low-fat diet. Low-secreting, pear people lost about 4.5 kg on both diets. At the end of 18 months, however, the pear-shaped people had gained back halfof the weight they had lost on either diet. Apple-shaped people gained back almost 1.4 of the 2.3 kg they lost on the low-fat diet but kept off all the weight they lost on the low-glycemic diet. While the study isre vealing, almost nothing about it is simple. It‘s not clear just what the mechanism is that links body shape and insulin levels—a crucial detail if scientists are going to understand the full implications of their findings. More important, nothing suggests that apple-shapedpeople should simply dash out to sign up for an Atkins-type low-carbohydrate diet.True, a large report published in J.A.M.A. earlier this year showed that regardless of body shape, Atkins produces the greatestshort-term weight loss. ("If you want to look good in your wedding gown, I would go for Atkins," says Dr. Anastassios Pittas, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine.) But adherents tend to fall off the low-carb wagon and quickly gain back unwanted kilograms. What‘s more, the Atkins diet allows only a small fraction of caloriesto come from carbs, compared with 40% on the new study‘s low-glycemic regimen. The more balanced diet allows—indeed, encourages—people toeat whole-grain cereals and other complex carbs that take longer to digest and thus don‘t cause the rapid fat production that accompanies spikes in blood sugar. Atkins‘ more restrictive regimen may reduce fateven faster, but people lose weight on both diets. "Atkins just does it with a bludgeon instead of a chisel," says Ludwig.What‘s clearer from the study is that apple-shaped people should probably not choose low-fat diets, because the white rice or other types of simple carbs they are still allowed to eat may have a yo-yo effect on blood-sugar levels, making them hungrier sooner. The study didn‘t evaluate whether these people would do better on an Ornish-style vegetarian diet that restricts fat intake and has dieters make up the difference by eating lots of complex carbs, such as brown rice and oats—which are high in fiber and tend to make people feel fuller longer—as well as low-sugar fruits like blueberries.。
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Task 2 INDEPENDENT独立写作
话题类别
成功类
考题文字：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
People should make sure that others (especially influential people and potential employers) know their strengths and accomplishments. If they do not do this, it is hard for them to achieve success.
3.这个bay有buckyball,正是由于撞击时的巨大压力造成的。
听力逐一反驳：
1.高度不同可能是其他原因造成的，比如water flow,water flow从一个方向流到另外一个方向，会使得pressure不一样，导致了asymmetrical pattern;
2.要让iron熔化需要很高的温度，在这个温度下沙子都变成玻璃了，但是沙滩上没有发现玻璃；
本次写作考试点评：
本次新托福综合写作重复2010.08.14大陆考题；独立写作重复2010.10.23大陆考题。
本次拼盘考题难度较高，而且在预测范围比较后面的部分，考生在准备时需要花比较多的时间。因此在之后的考试中，考生要多关注拼盘考题以及中国大陆考题，以做到完全准备好考试的语言点和思路。本次考试的综合任务是有关于天文和地质的综合考题，需要完全理解听力和阅读中的相关专业知识才能够写出比较完整的作文。独立任务相对而言是考生比较熟悉的成功类话题，例子也比较多，相对而言比综合任务容易。
新托福写作考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心
考试日期：
2013.0Байду номын сангаас.13
Task 1
INTEGRAED
Carolina Bays形成的原因
阅读文章要点：文章认为是由于小行星撞击造成的。
1.有asymmetrical pattern,这个bay的一边比另一边高，是因为小行星撞击导致的；
2.这个bay的sand外面没有iron,而其他地方的sand外面都有一层iron,这是因为撞击时产生的热量使iron熔化了；