哈姆雷特

合集下载

《哈姆雷特》赏析

《哈姆雷特》赏析

《哈姆雷特》赏析整理人:沈玉成【作家及作品】威廉莎士比亚(1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国以及欧洲最重要的作家。

他出生于英格兰中部斯特拉福镇的一个商人家庭。

少年时代曾在当地文法学校接受基础教育,学习拉丁文、哲学和历史等,接触过古罗马剧作家的作品。

后因家道中落,辍学谋生。

莎士比亚幼年时,常有著名剧团来乡间巡回演出,培养了他对戏剧的爱好。

1585年前后,他离开家乡去伦敦,先在剧院打杂,后来当上一名演员,进而改编和编写剧本。

莎士比亚除了参加演出和编剧,还广泛接触社会,常常随剧团出入宫廷或来到乡间。

这些经历扩大了他的视野,为他的创作打下了基础。

1590年到1600年是莎士比亚创作的早期,又称为历史剧、喜剧时期。

这一时期莎士比亚人文主义思想和艺术风格渐渐形成。

当时的英国正处于伊丽莎白女王统治的鼎盛时期,王权稳固统一,经济繁荣。

莎士比亚对在现实社会中实现人文主义理想充满信心,作品洋溢着乐观明朗的色彩。

这一时期,他写的历史剧包括《理查三世》(1592)、《亨利四世》(上下集)(1597-1598)和《亨利五世》(1599)等9部。

剧本的基本主题是拥护中央王权,谴责封建暴君和歌颂开明君主。

比如,《亨利四世》展现的是国内局势动荡的画面,贵族们联合起来反叛国王,但叛乱最终被平息;王太子早先生活放荡,后来认识错误,在平定内乱中立下战功。

剧作中,历史事实和艺术虚构达到高度统一。

人物形象中以福斯塔夫最为生动,此人自私、懒惰、畏缩,却又机警、灵巧、乐观,令人忍俊不禁。

这一时期创作的喜剧包括诗意盎然的《仲夏夜之梦》(1596)、扬善惩恶的《威尼斯商人》(1597)、反映市民生活风俗的《温莎的风流娘儿们》(1598)、宣扬贞洁爱情的《无事生非》(1599)和歌颂爱情又探讨人性的《第十二夜》(1600)等10部。

这些剧本基本主题是爱情、婚姻和友谊,带有浓郁的抒情色彩,表现了莎士比亚的人文主义生活理想。

与此同时,他还写了《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(1595)等悲剧3部,作品虽然有哀怨的一面,但是基本精神与喜剧相同。

Hamlet关于哈姆雷特的简介及感想

Hamlet关于哈姆雷特的简介及感想

`Hamlet” of Shakespeare is a classical representative work.This book certainly does not have the big difference in the superficial plot with the historical fable, spoke or the Danish prince the story which revenged for the father, in which fills the rank smell of blood violence and dies. Just like the dramatis personae Horatio said:" you may hear to rape massacre, the unusual repair behavior, and the dark center decision, accidental slaughter, borrows the hand murder, as well as falls into suicide result."Windingly elects the plot, tightly centers on the revenge to launch. Hamlet Wittenberg hurries back the home in a hurry from Germany, is attends his father's funeral, enables him to accept, he not catches up with father's funeral, actually witnessed the mother and the Uncle Claudius' wedding ceremony,this had caused Hamm the Wright suspicion at the heart, added night above meets in the royal palace castle with father's ghost, the ghost sorrow sued, this pile atrocity was Uncle Hamlet the behavior, and wanted him to revenge for the father. To this, he started the difficult revenge course, launched the life and death contest with Claudius. Finally, sent out sword the revenge to ClaudiusHamlet is a man with contradictory, he had many chances to kill Claudius, but he hesitated, which reflects the religious thought poisons.The play Hamlet is written by William Shakespeare, the greatest drama as well as the greatest poet in the world literature in The EnglishRenaissance. The theme of the book is the record of the process that Hamlet, prince of Denmark, plans to average his father’s murder.Having known his father is murdered, Hamlet is determined to revenge for his father’s deaths.The ghost informs Hamlet of the course of his father’s killing, and does wish that Hamlet must figure out a way to average his father’s death by Claudius.In the following, Hamlet begins his proposed for revenge. He pretends to be crazy and full of madness. Now, there come several good players. Hamlet comes up with an idea to have these players play something like the murder of his father before Claudius. He hopes to catch the conscience of the king through observing Claudius’s looks.The play The Mousetrap which is the image of a murder done as Hamlet’s father’s killing is performe d. In the play, the poisoner takes off the king’s crown, pouring poison in the king’s ears when the king is asleep in the garden as usual. Then the murderer marries the queen. That’s the way that Claudius kills his brother.The king is calculated to send Hamlet to England and have him murdered. Hamlet sees the army of Fortinbars during the journey.Hamlet is allowed to struggle a sea-fight with Laertes. The king, queen and all are coming down to watch the fight. Both of them starts with foils .After a while, Claudius drinks to Hamlet’s heath. However, inorder to play this about first, Hamlet sets it by awhile. Without knowing the whole scheme , Queen drinks, using the poisonous cup meant to prepare for Hamlet by Claudius. It’s too late for Claudias to stop Gertrude. The two competitors continue their battle. Several bouts later, Laertes wounds Hamlet then in scuffing, they change rapiers, and Hamlet wounds Latertes in turn. Gertrude swounds, laying on the ground. Hamlet and Laertes deal with treacherous behavior by Claudius. As everyone imagines, the total conspirary is arranged by Claudius, pouring poison on both Laerte’s sword and Hamlet’s cup. Obviously, Hamlet manages to stab Claudius, and Claudius dies before Hamlet falls.After I have finished reading the book, I find it benefits me a lot. Although I can’t totally understand the old English particularly an ocean of excellent monologues of Characters like Hamlet, I am still able to catch the essential points of Hamlet for the first time to read original literature works. Sorts of brief but classical dialogues make an impressive impression on me ,part of which have become famous proverbs being widely used till nowadays. For instance, Hamlet’s remarks” to be or not to be, is the question” is constantly been quoted when modern individuals are trying to make a hard decision whether to give up or not.Having accomplished the work, a couple of leading of characters impress me deeply. Hamlet once is an optimistic, happy prince, while becomes heavyhearted after hi s father’s death and his mother’s over-hastymarriage. It rightly turns out a usual saying that a person’s characteristic change up to the circumstance to be right. I have great sympathy for Ophelia, a fairy kindhearted girl. She has to deny Hamlet’s affec tion for her in her situation and bear huge pain alone within heart. She loses her lover as well as his father. Therefore, she is driven into desperate states. She dies at last. As to Laertes, he is completely taken advantage of by foxy Claudius for his urgent mentality to average his father a bad ending.Claudius, a murderer and a poisoner, should be blamed for the tragedy. I’ll analyze his characteristic in detail. First of all, Claudius is cruel person. He uses such a cruel method that pours poison in th e king’s ears to murder his brother when the king is in the sleeping. He also takes up his brother’s wife regardless of feeling of brothers. At the end of the story, Claudius does further think double ways to kill Hamlet. That is, to pour poison on both Ha mlet’s cup and Laertess’s sword. Above all, he is rather cold-blooded and self despite that Claudius has done sorts of wrongdoings, he is still in upset. He comforts himself that his fault is past, and compares his doing to ambition, which is ridiculous. Claudius prays that god forgives his foul murder. Moreover,Claudius is doubtful and foxy. When Polonius concludes that Hamlet is mad for his love, Ophelia. Claudius doubts Hamlet’s madness and thinks out kinds of ways to test of him. When he knows Hamlet is not really crazy, he assumes that Hamlet is full of threats and some danger to him. So he is meant to send Hamletout of the country and have Hamlet murder. In addition, Claudius takes advantage of others as his tool to reach his purpose. He lets Gratrude to talk with Hamlet and sends Polonius to hear their conference.Both Laertes and his father are used by Claudius, with ending of dying. Let’s see how Claudius persuades Laertes to fight with Hamlet. Firstly, Claudius announces that he is guiltless of Pol onius’s death and most sensible in grief for it. He shows that he has nothing to do with Laertes’s father’s killing to get close to Laertes. What’s more, he wants to purchase Laertes with money, power. Claudius even promises to give his kingdom, crown and life to Laertes in his satisfaction. Of course, he definitely knows laertes will not accept. Claudius takes further measures to win Laertes’s father. These fake words come from Claudius. Finally, Claudius’s comspriracy is realized, he asks Laertes “ will y ou be ruled by me”, Laertes agrees.Claudius urges Laertes to undertake the action with the words “to show yourself your father’s son in deed more than in words”. That’s how Claudius makes use of Laertes step by step. Claudius dies and gets punishment what he deserves at last.Reading hamlet is quiet a valuable experience in which I understand a lot. The ending is miserable, all the main characters die, while it deserves thinking deeply.Have you ever experienced the misfortune which changed your life completely? Imagine that everything around you is changed suddenly and you have to assume the hardly bearable responsibility to defend the justice, what will you do? This is the tough experience of our hero—Hamlet.你是否曾遭遇过颠覆自己整个人生的不幸?试想一下,当你周围的一切突然间彻底改变,而你迫不得已去承担生命中本不该承受之重,倾尽全力去担当维护争议的角色。

Shakespeare's Hamlet 莎士比亚 《哈姆雷特》

Shakespeare's Hamlet 莎士比亚 《哈姆雷特》
I. TOPIC: Hamlet(Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86) II. OBJECTIVES: A) Introduction B) The main idea of ―Hamlet‖ and its themes C) A study of the text 1. The main idea of Act 3, Scene 1 2. Key points 3. Stylistic features 4. Comment on ―Hamlet‖ D) Assignment
When Hamlet returned home , he learned of Ophelia's death. Ophelia's brother Laertes requested to fight with Hamlet. Claudius arranged a fencing match for them . And he attempted to let Laertes kill Hamlet with a poisoned sword. In the match, Hamlet was hit with the poisoned sword. Laertes was also wounded badly. The Queen drank the poisoned wine for Hamlet and warned Hamlet that the drink was poisoned. And Laertes also told the whole truth to Hamlet before he died. In the end , Hamlet killed Claudius, at last avenging his father's death. Then Hamlet died as well.

哈姆雷特简介

哈姆雷特简介

哈姆雷特简介哈姆雷特, 是威廉·莎士比亚最著名的作品之一。

这个戏剧以丹麦王子哈姆雷特为中心,讲述了他在复仇的旅途中的故事。

《哈姆雷特》是一部充满悲剧与疯狂的作品,展现了对人性、权力和道德的思考。

故事发生在丹麦王国。

哈姆雷特是已故国王的儿子,他的叔叔克劳狄斯娶了他的母亲并篡夺了王位。

消息传来,哈姆雷特的父亲的鬼魂出现并告诉哈姆雷特他是被克劳狄斯所杀。

哈姆雷特被激怒了,他发誓要找到真相并为他的父亲报仇。

在整个剧中,哈姆雷特展现了他的内心的矛盾与痛苦。

他犹豫不决,经常陷入思考的状态。

他开始装疯以便调查真相,同时也使得克劳狄斯产生了怀疑。

哈姆雷特还通过他的著名的“顿悟之词”来表达他对人性和生命意义的思考:“生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题”。

这句著名的台词也让人们对生命中的不确定性和矛盾感到深思。

在这个戏剧中,还有其他一些重要的角色,如哈姆雷特的好友霍拉提奥和奥菲利娅,以及波洛尼斯和吉尔登斯滕。

他们都对哈姆雷特的决策和心路历程发挥了重要的作用。

奥菲利娅是哈姆雷特的女友,她在剧中的悲剧性结局中发挥了关键作用。

波洛尼斯是奥菲利娅的父亲,他也被哈姆雷特杀死,加剧了剧情的复杂性。

莎士比亚通过对话和独白,展示了哈姆雷特矛盾不安的内心世界。

他揭示了权力和伦理问题,同时探索了爱、背叛和复仇的主题。

剧中的语言艺术和才华使得这个作品成为文学界的经典之一。

它也经常被改编成电影和舞台剧,为观众带来了不同的观看体验。

《哈姆雷特》不仅仅是一部故事,它也是一个关于人性的考察。

通过哈姆雷特的痛苦经历,观众被引导思考人类行为的动机和后果。

戏剧中角色之间的复杂关系、以及角色们所面临的道德困境都增添了故事的复杂性。

无论是剧中的角色,还是观众,在面对生活中的困境时都可以从《哈姆雷特》中得到启示。

这部戏剧不仅给予读者和观众带来的是娱乐,还提供了对生命和人性的深刻思考。

总之,《哈姆雷特》是一部充满疯狂与悲剧色彩的戏剧作品。

它通过揭示人性的复杂性和内心世界的冲突,引发观众的思考。

哈姆雷特英文介绍

哈姆雷特英文介绍

Character List
• Hamlet: The Prince of Denmark. About 30 years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Cladius. •Claudius: The King of Denmark, Hamlet‟s uncle, and the play‟s antagonist
Hamlet
By William Shakespeare
• Shakespeare's Hamlet is full of dead bodies, murder, suicide, disease, graves, and talk about death. And there is no traditional Christian comfort or promise of eventual justice or happiness for the good people. • But the message is ultimately one of hope. You can be a hero.
Theme idea
• Unlike so much of popular culture today, Hamlet leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world.
• Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet's genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. • Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil.

哈姆雷特简介

哈姆雷特简介

This is the sad story of Hamlet, young Prince of Denmark, whose father died two months before the story begins. The king died a strange death while he was sleeping in the garden of his castle. It was believed that he had been bitten to death by a poisonous snake. King Claudius, who now rules Denmark, has married Queen Gertrude, the late King's wife. Hamlet does not trust the new because his father was such a wise and kind that he was loved by all the people in the nation.The ghost of the dead king told Hamelt he was put poison into ear and died. He also told Hamlet to be brave and kill Claudius for hi m. But he could not kill and hurt his mother, because his father tho ught she would repent for her own sins. After he knew the truth, h e changed and acted madly. He was rude to Ophelia, the girl he ha d loved. That night Hamlet decided to pretend that he had gone mad in order to have a better chance to kill Claudius.A group of actors visited him and played to make him happy. He a dded his father’s suffering to the play and invited his mother and uncle. It turned to be true that the reactions of them proved the gh ost story was true. His uncle was guilt and very angry, and told hi s mother to talk to Hamelt. Ophelia’s father was hiding behind of t he curtain when Hamelt had a conversation with his mother. Ophe lia’s father was killed because Hamelt mistook it was his uncle. Hamelt’s punishment was decided by the king. Two former school co mrades of his were entrusted with a commission to leave him in E ngland, where sealed orders were to bring about the Prince's death . But by a combination of plot and accident the execution was visit ed instead upon the heads of the two accomplices.After Ophelia’s f ather was died, she became sad and insane. At last, she had wande red about the court singing and strewing flowers, then had strayed to the banks of a stream and been drowned. Ophelia’s brother,Lea rtes came back, the king told him his father was killed by Hamelt. When Hamelt happened to Ophelia’s funeral , he was in grief and contested with Leartes. Leartes hated Hamelt. The king and he dec ided to kill Hamelt with poisonous wine and sword through a batt le between a friendly sword fight. During the fight Laertes strunk Hamelt slightly on his shoulder. Hamelt’s mother was excited and drank the poisonous wine she didn’t know. During the second half of the fight, the two men dropped both their swords and picked e ach other’s sword. Soon Leartes was hurt by the poisonous sword. Finally Leartes told Hamelt their evil plan and die. Hamelt then ca rried out his revenge to kill his uncle for his dead father.。

莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》

莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》
谁愿意负着这样的重担在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国是它迷惑了我们的意志使我们宁愿忍受目前的折磨不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去
莎士比亚
▪ (1564—1616)是欧洲文艺复兴时期的巨 人,世界戏剧史上的泰斗,世界最伟大的 作家之一。
目的。
莎翁名言
▪ Words can not express true love,loyalty behavior is the best explanation。
▪ 真正的爱情是不能用言语表达的,行为才 是忠心的最好说明。
▪ Love is a woman with the ears,and if the men will love,but love is to use your eyes。
Shakespeare ▪ 宁为聪明的愚夫,不作愚蠢的才子。 ▪ A light heart lives long . ▪ 豁达者长寿。 ▪ Do not,for one repulse,give up the purpose
that you resolved to effect . ▪ 不要只因一次失败,就放弃你原来决心想达到的
前后思想的转变
▪ 负载万物的大地,这一座美好的框架,只 是一个不毛的荒岬;这个覆盖众生的苍穹, 这一顶壮丽的帐幕,这个金黄色的火球点 缀着的庄严的屋宇,只是一大堆污浊的瘴 气的集合。
▪ 世界是一所很大的牢狱,里面有许多监房、 囚室、地牢;丹麦是其中最坏的一间。
哈姆莱特的独白(一)
▪ 啊,但愿这一个太坚实的肉体会融解、消散, 化成一堆露水!或者那永生的真神未曾制定禁 止自杀的律法!上帝啊!上帝啊!人世间的一 切在我看来是多么可厌、陈腐、乏味而无聊! 哼!哼!那是一个荒芜不治的花园,长满了恶 毒的莠草。想不到居然会有这种事情!刚死了 两个月!不,两个月还不满!这样好的一个国 王,比起当前这个来,简直是天神和丑怪;这 样爱我的母亲,甚至于不愿让天风吹痛了她的 脸。天地呀!我必须记着吗?嘿!她会偎倚在 他的身旁,好像吃了美味的食物,格外促进了 食欲一般;

莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》的主要内容是什么简介

莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》的主要内容是什么简介

莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》的主要内容是什么简介(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》的主要内容是什么简介【导语】:《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最负盛名的一部戏剧,讲述了哈姆雷特王子为父王向叔叔复仇的故事。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

成长的悖论余党绪从无忧无虑、不谙世事的王子,到父丧母嫁、饱受屈辱的忧郁王子,再到以复仇为己任的复仇王子,哈姆莱特短短的人生轨迹颇为曲折。

他最终完成了自己的使命,成了父亲希望他成为的那种人。

在成长过程中,叔父克劳狄斯、父王、母后扮演了不同的角色。

克劳狄斯是哈姆莱特人生中必须跨过的一道坎。

生命中有很多坎,有的可以回避,有的可以绕过,但有的坎儿却必须跨过去,哪怕付出再大的代价。

克劳迪斯是哈姆莱特必须跨过的一道坎,因为克劳狄斯不仅威胁着王子的生命,而且也剥夺了他活着的尊严,啮噬着他生存的价值。

所以,哈姆莱特别无选择,只能拿生命博取生命,拿尊严换取尊严。

他们之间没有任何调和的余地。

在剧中,克劳狄斯是绝对的“恶”的象征。

面对这绝对的“恶”,除非你选择堕落,选择同流合污,否则你别无选择,只能与他战斗。

如此残酷的选择,就是生与死的选择:“生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题;默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清。

这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?”哈姆莱特的喃喃自语成了世界文学作品中久负盛名的内心独白。

生与死,他第一次直面这个问题。

每个人都希望掌握生命的秘密,但若不触及生与死的问题,谁能真正理解生命的意义?必须承认,多数人对生与死的思考,都是隔靴搔痒,蜻蜓点水,甚至视而不见,存而不论。

古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁说,当我们活着的时候,死亡还没有来到;当我们死去的时候,我们已经一无所知,死亡与我们何干?恐怕这也是多数人对死亡的态度吧?但是,死亡是我们每个人必须面对而且必须亲自面对的事情,谁能逃避它呢?若因为恐惧而回避,因为无知而茫然,因为虚无而冷漠,那么,我们对生命的理解必然是片面的、肤浅的。

如果没有克劳狄斯的谋杀和政变,哈姆莱特或许也像芸芸众生一样,在懵懂中走向死亡,度过一生。

但在克劳狄斯的屠刀面前,哈姆莱特不得不“向死而生”,必须面对狰狞的死神,来凝视自己的存在,这就使他对生命的理解超越了一般的泛泛之论。

哈姆莱特不仅是“忧郁王子”,是“复仇王子”,在对生命的思考中也成了一个“哲学王子”。

从这个意义看,克劳狄斯所代表的“恶”,从反面成就了哈姆莱特的生命意义。

在哈姆莱特的成长中,父王与母后所扮演的角色意义非同寻常。

在人的成长中,父母所担当的角色是不同的,心理学家弗洛姆对此有精彩的表述:“母亲是我们的故乡,是大自然、大地和海洋。

而父亲不体现任何一种自然渊源。

……父亲虽然不代表自然世界,却代表人类生存的另一个极端:即代表思想的世界,人所创造的法律、秩序和纪律等事物的世界。

父亲是教育孩子,向孩子指出通往世界之路的人……父爱是有条件的爱,父爱的原则是:我爱你,因为你符合我的要求,因为你履行你的职责,因为你同我相像。

”在生物学意义上,母子原为一体,母亲对子女的爱是无条件的,生物学色彩更强。

母爱的逻辑是:你是我的孩子,我就爱你。

与母爱相比,父爱具有更多的社会内涵,带有更为自觉和强烈的价值色彩和功利色彩。

父爱的逻辑是:我爱你,因为你符合我的愿望和要求。

在塑造儿童的社会意识和角色意识方面,父亲所发挥的作用似乎更为明显。

对于伦理道德意识和社会角色意识的灌输,父亲往往比母亲更为自觉和在意。

作为王位的自然继承人,哈姆莱特从小受到父亲的深刻影响。

他崇拜父亲,父亲是他心中的英雄,是男人的典范,是统治者的榜样。

成为像父亲那样的英雄与国王,是哈姆莱特的人生梦想。

命运的安排却彻底改变了他的人生面貌。

父王蹊跷地去世了,母亲仓促改嫁了,叔父慌忙登基了,一切都是如此不可思议,哈姆莱特有限的人生经验和见识,显然还不足以应付这些莫名其妙的变故。

父王去世了,哈姆莱特的王子身份一下子变得很可疑了。

王子,这是天然的身份,不用证明,不用维护,从来如此,生来便是。

王子,既意味着待遇与恩宠,又意味着责任与重负。

他将君临天下,担负起丹麦的未来。

而现在,这个身份一下子丧失了它的合法性。

我是谁的王子呢?我是谁?奸王克劳狄斯为了讨好如今的王后,曾经的王嫂,在公开场合慨然允诺:我请你抛弃了这种无益的悲伤,把我当作你的父亲;因为我要让全世界知道,你是王位的直接的继承者,我要给你的尊荣和恩宠,不亚于一个最慈爱的父亲之于他的儿子。

至于你要回到威登堡去继续求学的意思,那是完全违反我们的愿望的;请你听从我的劝告,不要离开这里,在朝廷上领袖群臣,做我们最亲近的国亲和王子,使我们因为每天能看见你而感到欢欣。

克劳狄斯的许诺看起来越是真诚和慷慨,讽刺意味就越浓。

如同一个强盗,抢走了你的财物,反过来恩赐给你,你还得感恩戴德。

本来属于自己的、不证自明的王子身份,如今却需要剥夺者来命名,非此就不具有合法性。

相比之下,母亲的改嫁给哈姆莱特体验的,是深深的羞辱,是屈辱和耻辱感。

爱情再也不可信了,誓言再也不可靠了。

“这样一种行为,简直使盟约成为一个没有灵魂的躯壳,神圣的婚礼变成一串谵妄的狂言;苍天的脸上也为它带上羞色,大地因为痛心这样的行为,也罩上满面的愁容,好像世界末日就要到来一般。

”这就是母亲改嫁给哈姆莱特带来的压力。

霍拉旭殿下,我是来参加您的父王的葬礼的。

哈姆莱特请你不要取笑,我的同学;我想你是来参加我的母后的婚礼的。

霍拉旭真的,殿下,这两件事情相去得太近了。

哈姆莱特这是一举两便的办法,霍拉旭!葬礼中剩下来的残羹冷炙,正好宴请婚筵上的宾客。

霍拉旭,我宁愿在天上遇见我的最痛恨的仇人,也不愿看到那样的一天!我的父亲,我仿佛看见我的父亲。

母亲不知廉耻、近乎乱伦的行为让哈姆莱特受到侮辱。

其实,丹麦人对此也是心照不宣,所以当他的朋友说参加他“父王的葬礼”的时候,他索性揭开了这层可耻的面纱:“父王的葬礼”就是“母后的婚礼”。

在剧中,鬼魂是一个颇有意味的象征,从戏剧角色看,鬼魂是父王的化身。

但从哈姆莱特的成长看,鬼魂的象征意义是多层的。

鬼魂既象征事实与真相,也象征了父亲的引导与激励。

从“鬼魂”那里获悉了真相之后,哈姆莱特陷入狂躁与愤怒之中,他发誓:“记着你!是的,我要从我的记忆的碑版上,拭去一切琐碎愚蠢的记录、一切书本上的格言、一切陈言套语、一切过去的印象、我的少年的阅历所留下的痕迹,只让你的命令留在我脑筋的书卷里,不搀杂一丝下贱的废料;是的,上天为我作证!”真相是丑陋的,如同鬼魂的外表一样恐怖。

阴谋之卑鄙,手段之毒辣,堕落之深重,结果之惨痛,都超越了哈姆莱特的心理限度。

真相让哈姆莱特震惊,但却揭开了世界的秘密:世界原本如此。

信仰破灭了,希望破灭了,美德破灭了,爱情也破灭了。

这是成长的代价,也是成长中必须经历的一个阶段。

他必须抛弃对世界的想象性美化,直面现实,直面罪恶。

成长是收获,更是舍弃。

他决心忘却一切,抛弃记忆,做一个彻底的复仇者。

此前的哈姆莱特还处在懵懂的伤感和悲愤的屈辱之中,是残酷的真相让他彻底走出了这种非理性的伤感与黏乎乎的忧郁状态。

如果鬼魂不出现,哈姆莱特或许真的难以走出这种浑浑噩噩的状态。

鬼魂的指令,其实象征了文化对人的作用。

父王被人谋杀了,王子就该为父王报仇,这就是文化的指令。

人在创造文化,而文化在更大的范围里创造着人。

哈姆莱特是文化的产物,“王子”的教育培养了他特有的价值观和人生追求。

在他的潜意识中,王子的使命与责任是天赋的,驱使着他做出合乎他身份的选择,逼使他采取复仇的行动。

从这个意义上看,人的生命历程和内涵,在没有出生之前已经开始。

生命首先是一种被塑造的产物,不仅指肉体,也指人的精神。

与母亲的诀别,可以看做是哈姆莱特在精神上的“断奶”。

在最终确认了杀父凶手后,哈姆莱特知道,与克劳狄斯的决战终究不可避免。

哈姆莱特利用与母亲独处的难得机会,让内心的愤怒、屈辱、郁闷和绝望像暴风雨一样倾泻而出。

此前的王子,一直难以割舍与母亲的亲情,尽管他为母亲的变节而感到深深的屈辱。

但此刻,哈姆莱特放弃了他的母亲,他割断了与母亲的最后一丝联系,就像割断了与母亲之间的脐带一样。

此刻之后,哈姆莱特将成为一个真正意义上的孤儿。

在这个孤独的世界,除了复仇,他没有了任何牵挂。

此刻,他不再是以儿子的身份与母亲对话,而是和父王站在一起,居高临下义正词严地审判他的母亲:凭着十字架起誓,我没有忘记你;你是王后,你的丈夫的兄弟的妻子,你又是我的母亲——但愿你不是!我要把一面镜子放在你的面前,让你看一看你自己的灵魂。

你的行为可以使贞节蒙污,使美德得到了伪善的名称;从纯洁的恋情的额上取下娇艳的蔷薇,替它盖上一个烙印;使婚姻的盟约变成博徒的誓言一样虚伪。

羞啊!你不觉得惭愧吗?要是地狱中的孽火可以在一个中年妇人的骨髓里煽起了蠢动,那么在青春的烈焰中,让贞操像蜡一样融化了吧。

当无法阻遏的情欲大举进攻的时候,用不着喊什么羞耻了,因为霜雪都会自动燃烧,理智都会做情欲的奴隶呢。

生活在汗臭垢腻的眠床上,让淫邪熏没了心窍,在污秽的猪圈里调情弄爱——一个杀人犯、一个恶徒、一个不及你前夫二百分之一的庸奴、一个冒充国王的丑角、一个盗国窃位的扒手,从架子上偷下那顶珍贵的王冠,塞在自己的腰包里!别过了母亲,告别了尘世间最后的牵挂,剩下的,就是最后的行动。

剑斗一场,是哈姆莱特的成人仪式。

哈姆莱特完成了父王赋予他的使命:真相终于大白于天下,奸王暴露了自己的丑恶嘴脸,复仇的剑穿过了仇人的胸膛。

哈姆莱特以自己的生命为祭品,宣告了自己的成长与成人。

在成长的过程中,哈姆莱特越来越发现,这个世界竟然是那么丑陋,而自己又是那么渺小。

哈姆莱特本来对人充满了信心,他相信人性的善,相信人的美好:人类是一件多么了不得的杰作!多么高贵的理性!多么伟大的力量!多么优美的仪表!多么文雅的举动!在外表上多么像一个天使,在智慧上多么像一个天神!宇宙的精华,万物的灵长!可是,现实中的人,却少有人符合他的理想。

丑恶奸邪的克劳狄斯、不忠不贞的母亲、饶舌谄媚的波洛涅斯自不必说,连他的同学罗森格兰兹、吉尔登斯吞也卖身求荣,甘做国王的密探。

就是曾经热恋的奥菲利亚,也并非他想象中的那样完美。

雷欧提斯称奥菲利娅为“五月的玫瑰”。

的确,她就像鲜花一样,美丽却脆弱。

她年轻、单纯、不谙世事,她爱哈姆莱特,却无法触及他的灵魂。

在哈姆莱特最危难的时候,她非但无能为力,反而沦为克劳狄斯和波洛涅斯的工具。

正是由于毫无主见和对父亲的惟命是从,她亲手葬送了自己的爱情。

生活改变了哈姆莱特。

他不得不牺牲自己的理想,成为一个自己原本不想成为的人:冷酷,绝情,杀戮,这都是他厌恶的,但他必须冷酷,必须绝情,必须杀戮。

要复仇,就要用暴力,但暴力本身就是罪恶。

以暴易暴,以罪恶反抗罪恶,无论如何不能说是一种正确的选择。

这不是哈姆莱特理想的方式。

于是,不断的拖延,不断的延宕,一直把自己逼到无路可退。

生命无常。

陷入复仇漩涡的哈姆莱特,经常有一种近似中国人的虚无的生命观。

在坟场,他嘲笑曾经不可一世的律师:又是一个;谁知道那不会是一个律师的骷髅?他的玩弄刀笔的手段,颠倒黑白的雄辩,现在都到哪儿去了?为什么他让这个放肆的家伙用龌龊的铁铲敲他的脑壳,不去控告他一个殴打罪?哼!这家伙生前也许曾经买下许多地产,开口闭口用那些条文、具结、罚款、双重保证、赔偿一类的名词吓人;现在他的脑壳里塞满了泥土,这就算是他所取得的罚款和最后的赔偿了吗?他的双重保证人难道不能保他再多买点地皮,只给他留下和那种一式二份的契约同样大小的一块地面吗?这个小木头匣子,原来要装他土地的字据都恐怕装不下,如今地主本人却也只能有这么一点地盘,哈?他嘲笑国王的弄臣:可怜的郁利克!……这儿本来有两片嘴唇,我不知吻过它们多少次——现在你还会挖苦人吗?你还会蹦蹦跳跳,逗人发笑吗?你还会唱歌吗?你还会随口编造一些笑话,说得满座捧腹吗?你没有留下一个笑话,讥笑你自己吗?这样垂头丧气了吗?现在你给我到小姐的闺房里去,对她说,凭她脸上的脂粉搽得一寸厚,到后来总要变成这个样子的;你用这样的话告诉她,看她笑不笑吧。

相关文档
最新文档