2015年中国人民大学英语翻译理论与实践考研真题,复试真题,复试流程,复试经验,真题解析
2015考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案

2015考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案2015年考研已经圆满结束了,考研英语频道在考后为大家提供2015考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案,欢迎大家参考和借鉴,大家可以收藏我们的网站,了解更多考研信息!2015考研英语(二)翻译真题及答案<原文>Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.<点评>今年英语二的翻译在难度上有所上升。
2015年中国人民大学英美文学考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,考研流程

从各个方面来看美国文学,个人长了见识。说实话美国文学的东西看得比较少,现在也感觉很陌生。
在考试的最后阶段我又看了常耀信的漫话英美文学,这本是又把英国文学跟美国文学串了起来。
好啰嗦的说完了,我考试看的书,然后我说说我考试期间的参考书跟习题集
我强烈推荐的一本书是英美文学精要问答,胡宗峰 人大出版社的,这本书里面包括了所有的出题点,
佳。按照每个人写字的速度,一般需要 5 分钟左右。
(二)简答题
1.育明考研名师解析
简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分,基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。难度中等偏低。这就要
求考生在复习的时候要把课本重要问题梳理清楚,要比较扎实的记忆。一般来说书本看到 5 遍以上可以达
到记忆的效果。当然,记忆也要讲究方法。
243 二 外 俄 语 或 244 二 外 日 语 或 245 二 外 德 语 或246二外法语
627- 基 础 英 语
817-翻译理论 与实践
专业课综合素质笔 试,外语
050201 04- 英 语 101-
243 二 外 俄 语 或 244 二 627- 基 础 英 818-英语国家 专业课综合素质笔
3
3/9
- 英 语 国家文化 语言文 学
思 想 外日语或245二外德语 语 政 治 或246二外法语 理论
文化
试,外语
050202 - 俄语 语言文 学
01- 俄 语 语言学
101思想 政治 理论
242二外英语
628- 基 础 俄 819-俄语语言 专业课综合素质笔
630- 基 础 日 823-日本文学 专业课综合素质笔
语
与文化
试,外语
(一)名词解释 1.育明考研名师解析
2015年中国人民大学真题解析,考研真题,考研笔记,复试流程,考研经验

【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站:12015年中国人民大学考研指导育明教育,创始于2006年,由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办,并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟,是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
人口、资源与环境经济学专业(020106)专业介绍人口、资源与环境经济学专业是国家级重点学科,由环境学院和社会与人口学院共建,本专业是博士和硕士学位授予点,并且具有“资源与环境经济学”专业学士学位授予权,是国内资源与环境经济学领域历史最久、规模最大、培养层次最全的学科点。
学科门类为经济学,一【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站:2级学科为理论经济学。
本专业主要以经济学、公共管理学、政策分析的理论和方法为基础,与环境科学技术专业知识、方法相结合,紧密联系国际国内环境与发展问题。
本专业致力于培养有志于从事可持续发展事业的、具有复合知识结构、独立工作能力、开阔学术视野、强烈开拓意识的人口、资源与环境经济学高级专门人才。
学生在学期间将在经济学基础理论、研究方法和分析工具、人口和资源与环境领域专门知识、实际科研能力等方面受到严格训练。
博士点研究方向有环境管理的经济政策;自然保护与可持续发展;环境价值评估;气候变化国际管理体制研究;环境政策管理;节能减碳政策管理;人口资源环境经济学理论;人口资源环境经济系统分析;自然资源管理;循环经济;生态经济理论;生态经济学与可持续发展。
硕士点研究方向有可持续发展经济学理论;自然资源管理与环境资源价值评估;环境经济学与环境政策;环境管理体制分析;环境经济系统仿真;全球环境问题;分析工具的开发。
本专业现有博士生导师11人,硕士生导师16人,其中本院教授10人,副教授6人,讲师5人。
聘请了国外著名大学、研究机构学者担任讲座教授、兼职教授、兼职博士生导师。
中国人民大学翻译硕士 复试真题、复试经验、保研大纲、保研真题、保研辅导

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题(含解析)笔记·专业课押题卷中国人民大学翻译硕士考研资料-----育明教育考研一.中国人民大学翻译硕士考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分复试总分值为350分。
各项成绩以本项分值的60%为及格线,所有成绩均达到及格,才能视为复试合格。
各项成绩分配如下:1.专业综合课笔试(分值100分)2.第二外国语笔试(分值50分)3.专业课和综合素质面试(分值150分)4.第二外国语听力和口试(分值50分)2015113201685英语口译201561201635二.育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析:关于中国人民大学翻译硕士2016年的招生信息最新总结:1.中国人民大学翻译硕士2015年开始招生,人数不多,难度中等偏上,报录比大概10:1,孙老师建议大家可以提前备考。
16年复试分数线350分,笔译进复试12人,录取8人,最高分378分,最低分352分。
口译进复试5人,录取3人,最高分364分,最低分350分。
2,中国人民翻译硕士考研参考书真题都不公布,很多考生觉得无从下手,但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。
考研,非参加知识竞赛,背书即可。
研究生入学考试,考的是语言能力,不是考记忆力。
3,人大开始招生不久,复试第一年没有考察二外,16年开始考察二外,笔试面试都有,希望大家看清楚条件,谨慎报考。
招生简章上学费比较贵,但是15年人大笔译和口译均是2万元每年。
具体费用最终执行标准以北京市教委等主管部门批复为准。
育明教育考博分校针对中国人民大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有:专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
2015年中国人民大学翻译硕士考研真题,报录比

16年考研详解与指导姓氏和名、字、号1.姓氏是标志社会结构中一种(血缘关系)的符号。
2.中国姓氏制度的特点:(1)它是氏族血缘关系的产物,又是宗法制度的表现,其历史渊源非常久远,是世界上最古老的姓氏制度之I(2)在长期的封建社会中,它与封建礼制相结合,标榜同姓同宗,抬高名门大姓,成为维护封建统治秩序的有力工具;(3)它虽然以汶族原有的姓氏为主体,但是也吸收和容纳了许多其他民族的文化成分,因此它已经成为民族团结和融合的象征。
3.中国的姓氏可以追溯到(母系氏族社会)。
4.姓:母系氏族社会中,人们按母系血缘分成若干氏族,每个氏族都以图腾或居住地形成互相区别的族号,这个族号就是“姓”。
5.氏:同一母系血统的子孙繁衍,人口增加,同一母族分为若干支族迁往不同的地方居住和生活,每个支族都要有一个区别于其他支族的称号,这个称号就是“氏”。
6.姓氏最初的区别:(1)姓代表母系血统,氏代表氏族分支;(2)姓是不变的,氏是可变的;⑶姓区别血统,氏区别子孙。
7.进入夏商周三代,氏都是由(统治者赐封)而来的,这时氏已是(贵族地位)的标志8.姓氏混为一体,大致是在(秦汶)时代。
9.姓氏的主要来源:⑴上古最早产生的姓:姬、姜、姚等;⑵祖先的族号:唐、夏、周等;⑶国名:齐、鲁、燕、韩等;⑷地名:西门、南宫、东郭等;(5)官职:司马、司徒、司空、帅、尉、史等;(6)职业:屠、陶、乐、卜等;(7)动植物:马、羊、龙、杨、柳等;(8)排行或数字:孟、仲、季、伍、陆、万等;(9)爵号或谥号:王、侯、昭、庄等;(10)出身:王子、公孙、公子、王孙等;(11)少数民族:长孙、慕容、尉迟等。
10.郡望:“郡望”是指某一姓氏世居某郡而为人们所仰望,实际指某一姓氏的社会影响。
由于推崇高门大姓,人们注重出身,看中门第,便产生了所谓的“郡望意识”。
如:韩愈其实是河阳人,但由于韩姓以昌黎为郡望,所以自称“韩昌黎”。
11■姓氏的产生和变化是(社会发展)的结果,姓氏的混杂则是(社会变动)的反映。
2015年中国人民大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,复试真题

中国政法大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.4管理1.4.1考研真题及详解1.我们全面推进产I结构调整和优化升级.制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。
.我们采取经济和技术的措施,大力推进节能减排,推进企业兼并重组.提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。
我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料,开发适销对路产品。
(南开大学2010翻译硕士)答:(1)产业结构,亦称国民经济的部门结构。
产业结构调整是当今各国发展经济的重要课题,调整和建立合理的产业结构,目的是促进经济和社会的发展,人民物质文化生活水平的改善。
产业结构调整包括产业结构合理化和高级化两个方面。
产业结构合理化是指各产业之间相互协调,有较强的产业结构转换能力和良好的适应性,能适应市场需求变化,并带来最佳效益。
产业结构高级化,是指产业结构系统从较低级形式向较高级形式的转化过程。
(2).产业结构优化,是指推动产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化发展的过程,是实现产业结构与资源供给结构、技术结构、需求结构相适应的状态。
产业结构优化升级是产业结构合理化和高级化的有机统一。
产业结构合理化是产业结构高级化的基础;产业结构高级化是产业结构合理化的必然结果。
推进产业结构优化升级是我国经济社会发展进程中的一项长期任务。
(3)节能减排有广义和狭义之分。
广义而言,节能减排是指节约物质资源和能量资源,减少废弃物和环境有害物(包括三废和噪声等)的排放;狭义而言,节能减排是指节约能源和减少环境有害物排放。
《中华人民共和国节约能源法》所称节约能源(简称节能),是指加强用能管理,采取技术上可行、经济上合理以及环境和社会可以承受的措施,从能源生产到消费的各个环节,降低消耗、减少损失和污染物排放、制止浪费,有效、合理地利用能源。
(4)兼并是指通过产权的有偿转让,把其他企业并人本企业或企业集团中,使被兼并的企业失去法人资格或改变法人实体的经济行为;企业重组是指针对企业产权关系和其他债务资产管理结构所展开的企业的改组、整顿与整合的过程,从整体上和战略上改善企业经营管理状况,强化企业在市场上的竞争能力,推进企业创新。
2015考研英语真题及答案

2015考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination, also known as the "考研" in China, is a crucial exam for many students seeking to pursue their postgraduate studies. Among the subjects included in this exam is English, which tests candidates' language proficiency and reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2015 English exam paper, along with the answers and explanations for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section of the 2015 exam, candidates were required to read four passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a range of topics such as literature, science, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, where candidates had to choose the most appropriate answer from the given options.Passage 1:The first passage focused on the importance of sleep and its impact on human health. Questions related to the effects of sleep deprivation, the benefits of regular sleep patterns, and the methods to improve one's sleep quality.Passage 2:The second passage discussed the concept of "emotional intelligence" and its significance in personal and professional success. Candidates weretested on their understanding of the term, its components, and its practical applications in various situations.Passage 3:Passage 3 explored the relationship between language and thought. It examined the influence of language on one's perception of reality and the concept of linguistic relativity. Questions revolved around the hypothesis and examples presented in the passage.Passage 4:The final passage focused on the rise of e-books and their impact on the publishing industry. Candidates were required to comprehend the challenges faced by traditional publishing houses, the advantages of e-books, and the future prospects of this digital medium.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test section aimed to assess candidates' vocabulary and grammar skills. In this section, a passage was provided with several gaps, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the options given to fill in the blanks. The passage often revolved around a specific theme or topic, allowing candidates to showcase their understanding of context and language usage.Section 3: Error CorrectionThe Error Correction section tested candidates' ability to identify and correct grammatical mistakes in given sentences. Each sentence contained one or more errors, ranging from verb tense errors to subject-verb agreementproblems. Candidates had to carefully analyze each sentence and mark the part that needed correction.Section 4: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate English sentences into Chinese. This section aimed to evaluate candidates' translation skills and their understanding of both languages. The sentences often included idiomatic expressions or cultural references, challenging candidates to convey the intended meaning accurately.Section 5: WritingIn the Writing section, candidates were given a choice of essay topics and required to write a well-structured and cohesive essay. The topics covered a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues, allowing candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, argumentation, and essay writing skills.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided an overview of the 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination English paper. We have discussed the various sections of the exam, including Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, Error Correction, Translation, and Writing. By familiarizing themselves with the questions and answers from the 2015 exam, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all those undertaking the "考研"!。
2015考研英语真题及答案完整版

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used inboth_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cou sins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similarfriends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findin gs do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains m onarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But explor ing one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, ha s made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private docum ents to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel application s of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects‘ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one‘s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical reco rds.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citiz ens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up foradditional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particu lar papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overall drive to increase reprod ucibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in socie ty should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence of moral purpose was woundingcompanies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s wo rld, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, forinstance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ―true‖ meaning that can b e read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn‘t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that w e bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn‘t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays,novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author‘s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text‘s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tideof emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.―To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.‖ said one recorder of events, ―The air at twelve leagues‘ distance smelt as sweet as anew-blown garden.‖ The colonists‘ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会2015年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.DmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下,这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家,其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
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人大考研详解与指导基础英语:新东方英语专八词汇(推荐红皮顺序版)GRE核心词汇考法精解(再要你命300)陈琦群言出版社英语专业考研基础英语高分突破吴中东世界图书出版社英语专业考研名校全真试卷——基础英语(全新精华版)张光明星火英语英语专业考研名校全真试卷(基础英语)郭棲庆星火英语英语专业八级考试五大题源报刊阅读100篇星火英语英语专业八级考试改错满分突破60篇冲击波系列:英语专业八级改错星火英语英语专业考研考点精梳与精练(基础英语)英语笔译综合能力2级外文出版社(这本书里有无选项完型,可以拿来练习)(环球时代和星火出版的英语专业考研的书都很不错,大家可以根据自己的方向有选择性地去买)翻译:当代西方翻译理论探索廖七一翻译学词典中英两版Mark&Moira原著,谭载喜译著西方翻译理论流派研究李文革(以上三本貌似都已经绝版了,可以到爱问知识人等下载PDF)中国翻译史资料百度文库中有很多共享英语笔译实务(三级)外文出版社英语笔译实务(二级)外文出版社英汉翻译简明教程庄译传外研社高级英汉翻译理论与实践叶子南清华大学出版社英汉翻译教程(修订本)张培基外教社星火英语.英语专业考研名校全真试题精解(英汉互译)法语:法语1.2.3马晓红外研社1800个最有用的法语词汇东华大学出版社大学法语考研必备世界图书出版社圣才全国名校外国语学院二外法语考研真题详解中石化出版社法语语法系统解读张德富外研社法语语法练习800东华大学出版社2015考研初试尘埃落定了,无论成绩如何,为保万全,考生都要对调剂的相关常识有所了解、掌握。
虽然在大数据时代,获取信息显得是那么简单,但是如何在大量的信息中寻找到对自己有价值的那部分?本篇文章,就是帮助那些考研调剂的“门外汉”们,了解考研调剂,并从而能够成为自己考研调剂方面的指导专家。
1.考研调剂更要拼实力许多同学在调剂的时候,会抱着侥幸的心理,认为学校会因为报考人数过少等原因,扩大调剂生的名额,实则不然。
许多名校不仅不会因此增加调剂名额,更不会因此来降低分数线。
很多时候招调剂生或者是让更多同学参加复试只是为了精挑细选适合的生源。
因此,换个角度说,调剂真正在拼是实力。
一般情况下,部分名校的招收调剂生,要求调剂生本科出身为“211”院校,或一般院校的重点专业,但更多的高校则没有此限制。
比如西北农林科技大学就是一所“985”高校,科研经费充足、科研水平很高,只是由于地理位置比较偏僻,对考生的吸引力不足,才会对调剂情有独钟。
另外,像是西部地区的一些高校,有不少专业的实力强劲。
如云南大学的生物学专业被成为“小清华”,对调剂生的要求之一就是要有很强的专业知识。
2.调剂失败的最大原因是“等”和“慢”有些考生把调剂看得过于简单,从不积极主动的去搜集信息,只等着学校公布调剂信息,然后再去选择合适的学校寄出调剂申请表。
更有些同学在某些网站上发布调剂信息之后就不管不问,等着学校和导师来联系自己。
这两种做法都是考研调剂失败的直接原因。
另外,有些院校的调剂信息是不对外公布的,这就更需要考生主动联系学校,积极的去打听。
首先,要在通话中了解到今年有没有调剂名额。
如果老师的回答是让你留意网上信息。
此时,不要过早地挂电话,你可以侧面问问往年有没有调剂的情况,并以此来判断今年的形势。
其次,要注意与校方沟通时的语言,要尽量给校方留下好印象。
介绍自己时要实话实说,不可夸夸其谈,要向招生老师表明你求学的决心和热情,希望对方能给你复试的机会。
建议考生们,当确定自己的成绩达到分数线后,首先要查看一下自己所报学校、所报专业历年的复试线,并且要时常与所报考招生单位的研招办联系,以尽早知道自己能否能参加该学校的复试。
如果觉得希望不大就要立即着手联系调剂院校,否则研究生生活可能会与你失之交臂。
3.调剂成功,关键在于锁定目标范围首先,关注校内调剂。
校内调剂优于校外调剂,这是公认的原则。
部分学校很看重考生的初次选择,对其他学校自主出题阅卷的专业课分数并不信任,遵从先校内再校外的调剂复试策略。
所以,这类学校会放宽专业限制,允许跨专业调剂,只是在复试环节的把控比较严格,其中北大就是典型。
最关键是,近水楼台先得月,有关政策、变化、名额的信息,考生很容易搞到。
其次,关注目标院校新设专业,新设专业是最容易产生调剂机会的,不是新设专业实力不行,而是很少有学生知道,这种情况甚至会发生在热门专业中。
例如,中央财经大学有三个学院都招收金融学专业,其中的中国经济与管理研究院和中国金融发展研究院在第一年招生时都出现了调剂的情况。
4.调剂中的两个平行志愿很重要考生在调剂报名的过程中,首先可以通过缺额信息查询来查询各招生单位各专业缺额人数或缺额状态,考生可参考各招生单位缺额状态和发布的调剂方法,并结合自己的实际情况,进行调剂志愿填报。
在填报调剂志愿的时候,每个考生可以填报2个志愿。
在填写志愿之前,建议考生主动和调剂单位联系,防止拟填报的招生单位调剂名额已满。
另外,值得考生注意的是,在填报两个志愿时要有梯度,不能全是所谓的“好学校”,如此,才能提高调剂效率。
目前,“211”重点学校热门专业一志愿生源爆满,接受调剂的可能性很小,而省属二本学校和西部高校是每年的调剂“大户”,考生在填报时应予以注意。
5.调剂不能太“专一”有些同学在选择调剂的时候,只找与自己所考专业完全相符的学校去调剂,这样可选择的范围就相对小了一些。
如果,考生对自己所报考专业的相关专业不是很排斥,那么可以适当放宽选择的条件。
另外,有的学生在调剂的时候,看好了一个目标学校,就将自己的材料给校方邮寄过去,而不再关注其他的院校了,这样的做法也是万万不可的,除非你只认准了这一所院校,别无他选。
还有一点需要提醒的是,考生可以同时接受两个院校的“复试通知”,互相不会有影响,并且接受了一个志愿,也不会影响其他志愿,但是招生单位可以看到考生收到复试通知的历史记录。
如果对方没有特殊要求,考生可以多联系几个学校,这样调剂成功的可能性才会更大。
不过也不建议考生奉行广种薄收的原则,给所有认为可能的学校打电话发申请,这样不仅耗费精力,效果也不好。
一句话,确定目标院校有名额有调剂的需求,才是成功的前提。
6.工学专业调剂缺口最大专业无好坏,但是有冷门热门之分。
其中,一些基础学科调剂的缺口就很多。
例如,2011年考研,在13个学科门类中调剂专业,其中调剂最多的专业是工学占46.1%,理学占14.51%。
其余专业分别是:哲学可调剂专业的数量百分比为0.79%;经济学可调剂专业的数量百分比为3.73%;法学专业可调剂专业的数量百分比5.51%;教育学可调剂专业的数量百分比为4.38%;文学可调剂专业的数量百分比为4.71%;历史学可调剂专业的数量百分比为0.87%;农学可调剂专业的数量百分比为6.79%;医学可调剂专业的数量百分比为6.29%;军事学可调剂专业的数量百分比为0.25%;管理学可调剂专业的数量百分比为6.07%。
7.专业硕士调剂名额多近年来新设立的专业硕士在很多学校都有空缺名额。
如理科中的软件工程硕士是调剂的热门专业,该专业的就业前景好,一般在读期间都有较长时间的公司、科研院所的实习机会,在夯实计算机软件基础的同时更加注重实践。
因此学生毕业之后动手能力强,更容易被企事业单位看好。
招收此类专业的调剂生的名校有中国科学技术大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、哈尔滨工业大学等,其中工科名校不在少数。
值得一提的是,考研调剂,从学术硕士调剂到专业硕士成功的概率较大。
并不是专业硕士不如学术型硕士,而是专硕作为新生事物,考生们不是十分了解,再加上各校专硕扩招迅猛,因此有不少的名额,所以考生走这条路调剂会更容易成功。
8.名校“钟情”于调剂生在许多调剂生看来,院校并不欢迎他们,只是迫于政策才接受调剂考生,而且需要调剂生的名校也少得可怜。
以上均为大众对调剂的认识盲区造成的。
调剂的名额虽然没有第一志愿录取的多,但是形势也绝不像很多考生所想的那样悲观。
真实的情况是,接受调剂的院校并非仅是实力一般的普通院校。
由于在招生中存在冷门专业不佳、招生信息流通不畅和特殊招生单位知名度不高等原因,导致名校为调剂广开大门。
资料显示,2012年北京地区接受调剂生的高校和研究所就有115所,仅山西一省就有44所高校和研究所接受调剂考生。
由此看来,考研调剂,并不一定是退而求其次的选择,也许是一次带有惊喜的转折。
9.西部高校调剂多在很多考生的眼里,西部就是调剂的天堂。
如广西师范大学、贵州大学、广西大学、云南大学等,都是大家耳熟能详的西部调剂大校。
尤其是二区的西部院校,会有更多的缺额。
不过西部调剂大校也有很多自身的优势,好多的专业也是名声在外。
比如,广西师范大学东南亚小语种专业,由于学校位于东盟国家的桥头堡,自然有着得天独厚的发展空间和就业前景。
10.特殊研招单位是考研调剂又一村除了传统名校、西部高校,还有一些特殊的研究生招生单位大量招收调剂生,包括各大科研院所,各地的党校,以及具有硕士点的民办院校。
以上这些不同与大学的特殊研招单位,往往具有大学不具备的资源,比如补助津贴高、就业前景好、参与项目的机会多、出国交流的机会多等。
但由于这些研招单位往往不做招生宣传,或者仅仅在很小范围内做招生宣传;或是考生误以为科研院所、党校等招生单位报考门槛高,不敢报考;再或是考生的“名校情结”等种种因素,造成了考试不知道能报、不敢报和不想报,最终导致报考人数少,调剂需求也就相应增大。