最新名词易错题汇总
最新名词易错题汇总
一、单项选择名词
1．Determination is a good ________ and that is what it takes to do anything well.
A．quality B．standard C．principle D．motto
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：决心是一种好品质，它是做好任何事情所需要的。A. quality 品质；B. standard标准； C. principle原理；D. motto座右铭。决心是一种品质，故A项正确。
2．Donald Trump made a _____ to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
A．contribution B．commitment
C．devotion D．donation
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。A. contribution贡献；B. commitment承诺；C. devotion奉献；D. donation 捐赠。句意：唐纳德·特朗普向全国承诺，他上任后将为降低税收和改善医疗服务而奋斗。故B选项正确。
3．He was so nervous during the test. No ______ he didn’t pass the exam.
A．way B．surprise
C．wonder D．matter
【答案】C
【解析】词义辨析。No way没门,没办法,根本不行；No wonder难怪；No matter不管什么。他考试时太紧张了。难怪他没有通过考试。选C。
4．William， grandson of the Queen， said he would not expect or accept special______when he was considering joining the army．
A．treatment B．achievement
C．statement D．requirement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：威廉王子，英国女王的孙子，说当他考虑参军的时候，他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment治疗、对待，这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待；
achievement成就； statement声明、陈述； requirement要求、需要，根据句意，故选A。
5．It is widely accepted that your babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_____. A．awards B．prizes C．rewards D．results
【答案】C
【解析】
考查名词辨析。award 奖励 prize奖品 reward 回报；报酬 result结果根据意思，人们广泛地接受，孩子是因为他们的行为得到回报而学会做一些事情。
6．The Taiyuan subway is under ____ and next year it will be put in use.
A．production B．construction
C．destination D．permission
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：太原地铁正在建设中，明年将投入使用。A. production 表示“生产”；B. construction 表示“建设”，be under construction 表示正在建设中；C. destination 表示“目的地”、“终点”；D. permission 表示“允许”、“许可”。故选B。
7．We could see nothing in the thick fog at a _____ of two meters, so we got lost. A．distance B．length C．way D．space
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：大雾天里,我们相距两米就什么也看不到了,所以我们迷路了。A. distance距离；B. length长度；C. way方式；D. space空间。由“We could see nothing in the thick fog”可知，at a distance of “隔着......距离”符合句意。故A选项正确。
8．---Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It’s said to be ______great success.
---No, I have been busy preparing all the office______ these days.
A．/; equipments B．the; equipment C．/; equipment D．a; equipment
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查冠词和名词复数。句意：---你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。---没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。
【点睛】
抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如success，progress，pity，surprise等。但是，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下：
一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“a／an＋形容词＋抽象名词”结构。如：
He has a great interest in English．他对英语显得很感兴趣。
二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物，这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词，词义也有所变化。如：
抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
分析句子可知，success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。
9．Seeing the happy ________ of children playing in the park, I’m overjoyed and sure of the future of our country.
A．sight B．view C．scene D．sign
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场面，我欣喜若狂，对我们国家的未来充满信心。A. sight视力；眼界；见解；B. view视野；意见；风景；C. scene场面；情景；D. sign标志；符号。根据语境，此处表达“看到孩子们在公园嬉戏的快乐情景（scene）”之意，scene常指包含人的活动的场景，其他三项均不符合语境，故选C。
10．In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America. A．acceleration B．accomplishment
C．accumulation D．accommodation
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这本书里，作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速，促进；B. accomplishment成就，完成；C. accumulation积聚，累积；D. accommodation和解，膳宿。根据句意，故选D。
11．The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _____ between what is right and wrong.
A．distance B．distinction C．donation D．defense
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。A. distance距离；B. distinction 区别，差别；C. donation 捐款；D. defense防卫，防护。句意：受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。
12．After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.
A．accommodation B．resources C．furniture D．recreation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：地震后，政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A. accommodation住处；B. resources资源；物力；C. furniture家具；D. recreation反应。根据句意故选A。
13．A sense of ______ is the basic requirement for people working in the fields of education and health care．
A．agreement B．attention C．carefulness D．devotion
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：奉献意识感是对于工作在服务业例如教育和医疗保健的最基本的要求。
A.agreement 协议；
B. attention注意；
C. invitation邀请；
D.devotion奉献，贡献。故选D 项。
14．It has been proved that there is a(n) ______ between smoking and certain diseases. A．connection B．description.
C．expression D．concentration
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. connection联系；B. description描述；C. expression表达；D. concentration集中。句意：已经证实吸烟和某些疾病之间有联系。根据句意可知此处表示“联系”，故A项正确。
15．“We trust that today’s talks will help create _________ on the Belt and Road Initiative as part of the efforts to build a global community of a shared future,” said Zhou Shuchun. A．consensus B．consequence C．compromise D．competence
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：周树春表示:“我们相信，今天的会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识，这是构建全球命运共同体努力的一部分。”A. consensus共识；B. consequence 结果；C. compromise妥协; D. competence 胜任。会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识。所以consensus“共识”符合句意。故选A项。
16．Students and teachers gather together for a morning ______________ each Monday to attend the ceremony of raising the national flag.
A．inspection B．inscription
C．assembly D．commitment
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：每周一，学生和老师们齐聚一堂，参加升旗仪式。A. inspection检查；B. inscription题词；C. assembly集合；D. commitment承诺，根据题意，故选C。
17．—It is reported that Fan Bingbing broke the law of tax.
—Well, the ________ for her is so heavy that it is a warning to high-incomers.
A．reward B．fare C．fine D．charge
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——据报道，范冰冰触犯了税法。——嗯，对她的罚款很重，这对高收入的人来说是个警告。A. reward报酬；B. fare公共交通费；C. fine罚款；D. charge费用。上一句说范冰冰触犯了税法，因此此处是说对她的处罚（罚款），故C项正确。
18．Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) ________ it will make to your future life.
A．influence B．contribution C．difference D．variety
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献；
C. difference不同；
D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语make a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。
19．The suspect was declared innocent for____of convincing evidence.
A．lack B．absence C．confusion D．unawareness
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析及固定搭配。A. lack缺乏；B. absence缺席，缺勤；C. confusion混淆，困惑；D. unawareness无意识。此句是指“嫌疑犯因缺乏（for lack of）令人信服的证据而被宣布无罪”。for lack of为固定搭配，意为“因……而没有，因缺乏……”。分析语境可知，此处选A。
20．It makes no ______ to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go. A．thing B．difference C．matter D．affair
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样，我都会去。A. thing事物； B. difference不同； C. matter事情，问题； D. affair事件，事务。
make no difference to对…无影响，符合句意，故选B。
21．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.
A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion 观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反应是什么。故选A。
22．Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant in the office. A．circumstance B．atmosphere C．surroundings D．consequence
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：自从他们吵架以来，办公室里一直有一种不愉快的气氛。A. circumstance 环境，状况；B. atmosphere大气，气氛；C. surroundings环境；D. consequence结果，后果。因为有人争吵，因此办公室的气氛和氛围不好，故选atmosphere合乎句意。故选B。
23．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.
A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。
24．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the
latest_______ in Shanghai in August.
A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。
25．Winning ________ in the international market, China’s high-quality products have brought us a good profit.
A．regulation B．devotion C．recognition D．insurance
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度；B. devotion奉献；C. recognition认可；D. insurance保险。分析句意可知，此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可，中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项，故选C。
26．In spite of being in great _______, the three injured football players managed to score a goal playing as a team.
A．pain B．addition C．control D．charge
【答案】A
【解析】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管非常痛苦，这三名受伤的足球运动员努力为团队进球得分。A. pain痛苦；B. addition增加；C. control控制；D. charge充电。根据后句“the three injured football players”可知三名运动员受伤，结合语境可知A项pain“痛苦”切合题意。故选A项。
27．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good .
A．salary B．price C．service D．reason
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个工人对他的老板很满意，因为他的薪水很高。A. salary薪水；B. price价格；C. service服务；D. reason理由。根据The worker was satisfied with his boss可知，此处指这个工人被提供了一个好的薪水。故选A。
28．The audience burst into laughter because of the____of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen”.
A．slip B．slide C．seal D．spit
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众爆发出一阵笑声因为主持人的口误，说：“好女士，晚上和先生。” A. slip失误；B. slide滑动；C. seal印章；D. spit唾液。the slip of tongue口误，固定搭配。故选A。
29．We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with a／an ____________ of delicious food on Spring Festival's Eve.
A．boom B．division
C．reputation D．abundance
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们遵循传统，在除夕夜吃一顿有着丰盛美食的家宴。A. boom繁荣；B. division分配；C. reputation名声；D. abundance丰富，根据题意，故选D。
30．This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age ______ and in the eye of them, the product can ______ a message to other people that they are well-off.
A．range; deliver B．dimension; convey C．range; convey D．dimension; deliver 【答案】C
【详解】
考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语in ...age range“在……年龄范围内”，故第一空应用range，dimension表示“尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver表示“交付；递送”，convey表示“传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。
副词易错题汇总
副词易错题汇总 一、单项选择副词 1．________ he has not pleaded the guilty. A．So far B．As C．Till far D．By far 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查So far的固定用法。句意：到目前为止，他还没有认罪。So far“到目前为止”，与现在完成时态连用，故选A。 2．—Credit cards are useful when traveling. —True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash. A．particularly B．partly C．exactly D．gradually 【答案】A 【解析】 词义辨析。Particularly特别，尤其；．Partly部分的；exactly准确的；gradually逐渐的。信用卡在旅游时特别有用。是的。给我们省去了带大量现金的麻烦。所以选A。 3．Success means working hard, but working hard doesn’t mean success. A．certainly B．necessarily C．probably D．possibly 【答案】B 【解析】 词义辨析。．certainly肯定的，一定的；necessarily必然；必定；probably和．Possibly可能的。成功意味着工作努力，但努力并不意味着必然成功。选B。 4．Faced with the exams, we should work as hard as we can. , we shouldn’t do it at the cost of our health. A．Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Furthermore 【答案】B 【解析】 考查副词的用法。句意为转折关系，故用副词However 然而，可是。 5．“Qianshui”, which _________means diving water, refers to someone who only views the postings across the website but never makes any comments. A．deliberately B．accidentally C．originally D．ridiculously 【答案】C 【解析】
2020高考英语复习 单选易错题、难题、好题档案
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高考英语易错题解题方法大全：单项选择[上]
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