《背影》中英文张培基译版
背影The Sight of Father’s Back作者：朱自清 | 翻译：张培基我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes（[mɪsˈfɔːtʃənz]厄运；不幸）never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening（[ˈheɪsnɪŋ]急忙进行；加速）home to attend grandma’s funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling （[ˈtrɪklɪŋ]滴；淌）down my cheeks. Father said, “Now that things have come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。
这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲赋闲。
丧事完毕，父亲要到南京谋事，我也要回北京念书，我们便同行。
After arriving home in Yangzhou, father paid off debts（还清债务）by selling or pawning（[ˈpɔːnɪŋ]典当；质押）things. He also borrowed money to meet the funeral expenses（支付丧葬费）. Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment, our family was then in reduced circumstances（较以前穷困的地步）. After the funeral was over, father was to go to Nanjing to look for a job（找工作）and I was to returnto Beijing to study, so we started out together.到南京时，有朋友约去游逛，勾留了一日；第二日上午便须渡江到浦口，下午上车北去。
父亲因为事忙，本已说定不送我，叫旅馆里一个熟识的茶房陪我同去。
他再三嘱咐茶房，甚是仔细。
但他终于不放心，怕茶房不妥帖；颇踌躇了一会。
其实我那年已二十岁，北京已来往过两三次，是没有甚么要紧的了。
他踌躇了一会，终于决定还是自己送我去。
我两三回劝他不必去；他只说，“不要紧，他们去不好！”I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling（[ˈstrəʊlɪŋ]散步；闲逛）about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying（[ˈferi ɪŋ]摆渡）across the Yangtse River to Pukou the next morning and thence （[ðens]然后；随之）taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day. Father said he was too busy to go and see me off（送行）at the railway station, but would ask a hotel waiter that he knew to accompany me there instead. He urged the waiter again and again to take good care of me, but still did not quite trust him. He hesitated for quite a while about what to do. As a matter of fact, nothing would matter at all because I was then twenty and had already travelled on the Beijing-Pukou Railway a couple of times. After some wavering（[ˈwe ɪvərɪŋ]动摇；犹豫）, he finally decided that he himself would accompany me to the station. I repeatedly tried to talk him out of it, but he onl y said, “Never mind! It won’t do to trust guys like those hotel boys!”我们过了江，进了车站。
我买票，他忙着照看行李。
行李太多了，得向脚夫行些小费，才可过去。
他便又忙着和他们讲价钱。
我那时真是聪明过分，总觉他说话不大漂亮，非自己插嘴不可。
但他终于讲定了价钱；就送我上车。
他给我拣定了靠车门的一张椅子；我将他给我做的紫毛大衣铺好坐位。
他嘱我路上小心，夜里警醒些，不要受凉。
又嘱托茶房好好照应我。
我心里暗笑他的迂；他们只认得钱，托他们直是白托！而且我这样大年纪的人，难道还不能料理自己么？唉，我现在想想，那时真是太聪明了！We entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. There was quite a bit of luggage and he had to bargain with the porter over the fee. I was then such a smart aleck （自作聪明的人）that I frowned （[fraʊnd]皱眉）upon the way father was haggling（[ˈhæɡlɪŋ]争论）and on the verge of chipping（濒临崩溃）in a few words when the bargain was finally clinched（[klɪntʃt]成功取得；赢得）. Getting on the train with me, he picked me a seat close to the carriage（[ˈkærɪdʒ]车厢）door. I spread on the seat the brownish（[ˈbraʊnɪʃ]近棕色的）fur lined （[laɪnd]有内衬的）overcoat he had got tailor made for me. He told me to be watchful on the way and be careful not to catch cold（着凉）at night. He also asked the train attendants to take good care of me. I sniggered（[ˈsnɪɡəd]暗笑）at father for being so impractical（[ɪmˈpræktɪkl]不明智的；不切实际的）, for it was utterly（[ˈʌtəli]全然；完全地；彻底地）useless to entrust me to those attendants, who cared for nothing but money. Besides, it was certainly no problem for a person of my age to look after himself. Oh, when I come to think of it, I can see how smarty I was in those days!我说道，“爸爸，你走吧。
”他望车外看了看，说，“我买几个橘子去。
你就在此地，不要走动。
”我看那边月台的栅栏外有几个卖东西的等着顾客。
走到那边月台，须穿过铁道，须跳下去又爬上去。
父亲是一个胖子，走过去自然要费事些。
我本来要去的，他不肯，只好让他去。
我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去，尚不大难。
可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。
他用两手攀着上面，两脚再向上缩；他肥胖的身子向左微倾，显出努力的样子。
这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。
我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。
我再向外看时，他已抱了朱红的橘子望回走了。
过铁道时，他先将橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。
到这边时，我赶紧去搀他。
他和我走到车上，将橘子一股脑儿放在我的皮大衣上。
于是扑扑衣上的泥土，心里很轻松似的，过一会说，“我走了；到那边来信！”我望着他走出去。
他走了几步，回过头看见我，说，“进去吧，里边没人。
”等他的背影混入来来往往的人里，再找不着了，我便进来坐下，我的眼泪又来了。
I said, “Dad, you might leave now.” But he looked out of the window and said, “I’m going to buy you some tangerines（[ˌtændʒəˈriːn]橘子）. You just stay here. Don’t move around.” I caught sight of several vendors（[ˈvendə(r)]小贩）waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform. But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and doing some climbing up and down. That would be a strenuous（[ˈstrenjuəs]繁重的；费力的）job for father, who was fat.I wanted to do all that myself, but he stopped me, so I could do nothing but let him go. I watched him hobble（[ˈhɒbl]蹒跚）towards the railway track in his black skullcap（[ˈskʌlkæp]无檐便帽）, black cloth mandarin （[ˈmændərɪn]）jacket and dark blue cotton-padded（[ˈpædɪd]填充）cloth long gown. He had little trouble climbing down the railway track, but it was a lot more difficult for him to climb up that platform after crossing the railway track. His hands held onto the upper part of the platform, his legs huddled([ˈhʌdld] 蜷缩；挤在一起)up and his corpulent（[ˈkɔːpjələnt]发福）body tipped（[tɪpt]倾斜）slightly towards the left, obviously making an enormous（[ɪˈnɔːməs]庞大的；巨大的）exertion（[ɪɡˈzɜːʃn]努力；费力）. While I was watching him from behind, tears gushed（[ɡʌʃt]涌出；喷出）from my eyes. I quickly wiped them away lest（[lest]以免；免得）he or others should catch me crying. The next moment when I looked out of the window again, father was already on the way back, holding bright red tangerines in both hands. In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. When he came nearthe train, I hurried out to help him by the hand. After boarding the train with me, he laid all the tangerines on my overcoat, and patting the dirt off his clothes, he looked somewhat relieved and said after a while, “I must be going now. Don’t forget to write me from Beijing”I gazed after his back retreating（[rɪˈtriːtɪŋ]后退；撤退）out of the carriage. After a few steps, he looked back at me and said, “Go back to your seat. Don’t leave your things alone.” I, however, did not go back to my seat until his figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro（[frəʊ]向那边；向后）and no longer visible. My eyes were again wet with tears.近几年来，父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。
朱自清散文《背影》的两个英译文对比分析
朱自清散文《背影》的两个英译文对比分析作者：李昕来源：《青年文学家》2019年第11期摘; 要：通过系统功能理论进行语篇分析已经非常常见，我国很早有人在翻译研究中应用了语言分析，特别是注重运用系统功能语法理论分析汉语语篇。
本文以朱自清散文《背影》为例，站在语法隐喻的角度作出深入分析，并对比分析了两个英译文，在及物性隐喻、名词化和语气隐喻三个角度进行了探究，旨在分析其在散文翻译中的可行性与解释力。
关键词：散文;背影;英译文对比作者简介：李昕（1994.2-），女，汉，甘肃定西人，甘肃省兰州市西北师范大学翻译硕士研究生。
[中图分类号]：H315.9; [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-11-0-02在《背影》中表现了父亲对作者朱自清的爱子情深，在字里行间都流露出动人的情感。
但是全文的文字质朴而又朴实，记录着真实的故事与场景，这为翻译带来了一定难度。
通过对两个英译文的翻译分析可知，也运用了隐喻的方法，不仅能传达出丰富情感，也兼有文字质朴的特点。
对此我们可以从隐喻理论的角度出发，合理选用翻译方法，达到提升翻译效果与质量的目的。
一、及物性隐喻及物性隐喻是散文翻译中常用的一种方法，有利于将作者表达的情感翻译出来，引起读者的共鸣。
在《背影》中两个版本的翻译都注重对及物性隐喻的运用，及物性隐喻为各过程的相互转化，包括物质、心理、言语、行为和存在等过程[1]。
在朱自清散文《背影》里面，根据两个翻译版本分析可知，经常用到及物性隐喻，由物质过程逐步朝着关系与心理等过程转换。
如此一来，在翻译的过程中不需要频繁使用动词和小句，让译文更加精炼，也能突出作者的情感。
以下面一句话的翻译为例：我看那边月台的栅栏外有几个卖东西的等着顾客。
第一个版本翻译为：I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform.第二个版本翻译为：Just outside the station were some vendors.从第一个版本的翻译来看，对存在过程“有”进行了隐喻，转变为心理过程，而从第二个版本的翻译来看，主要采取了关系过程的处理方法。
朱自清—《背影》翻译赏析
朱自清《背影》两种英译本的词句比较摘要：朱自清的散文《背影》清秀隽永、感人至深，多次被译成英文。
通过对张培基和扬宪益、戴乃迭夫妇英译本的比较研究，认为两种译本均选词准确，句式简洁，风格也与原文接近。
从具体的词汇选择和句法衔接等层面上来讲，张培基的译文选词准确形象、条理清晰，情到深处更能体现原作者的感情用意；杨宪益、戴乃迭的译文言简意赅，行文流畅，结构紧凑整齐，对语篇连贯性的把握到位，隐含之意体现得淋漓尽致。
Abstract：ZHU Ziqing’S essay，P Sight of Father’S Back ，is famous for its fresh style and significant meaning．And for the deep emotions it conveyed and the touching effect it achieved，therefore it is still widely read and eulogized．It has been translated into English many times by many scholars，among whom are ZHANG Peiji，and YANG Xianyi and Gladys YANG．Generally speaking，both ZHANG ’S translation and that of YANGS’are precise in diction，concise in sentence structure and loyal in style．But there are still some flaws needing improvement．Through a systematic comparison between the two English versions，this paper points out the beauty of the two versions in aspects like word selection and syntactic CO —hesion，as well as the inadequate expressions that need perfection．一张培基译文重视选词造句．化隐为显作为一篇亲情散文，朱自清在《背影》一文中不乏真情流露，情到深处，泪自然也不自觉地流了下来。
《背影》中英文张培基译版
背影The Sight of Father’s Back作者：朱自清 | 翻译：张培基我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes（[mɪsˈfɔːtʃənz]厄运；不幸）never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening（[ˈheɪsnɪŋ]急忙进行；加速）home to attend grandma’s funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling （[ˈtrɪklɪŋ]滴；淌）down my cheeks. Father said, “Now that things have come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。
从张培之英译本《背影》比较英汉语言的异同
ywjszxk@朱自清的《背影》创作于1925年，当时朱自清还在求学阶段。
由于祖母过世，他从北京回到徐州，帮助父亲料理丧事。
那时父亲正处在失业状态，靠变卖家当维持生计。
处理完丧事之后，父亲要去南京谋事，与儿子一道到南京。
面对已经二十岁的儿子，父亲仍将他当作幼儿，要亲自送他上火车，一路上谆谆叮嘱。
儿子临上车，父亲还要去买橘子给儿子带着在路上吃。
他拖着胖胖的身体爬月台，越过铁道，只为了让儿子在路上有橘子吃。
儿子远远看着父亲臃肿的背影，深深被父亲的舐犊之情感动。
这是一篇表现父子亲情的著名作品，语言朴实无华，却情感真切，成为现代文学作品中的经典。
张培之的英译本《背影》抓住了这个特点进行翻译，也成为英译本中的经典。
汉语和英语产生于不同的文化背景，语法差异较大。
英语语法讲究形合，汉语讲究意合；英语在表述时以静态为主，汉语却以动态为主；汉语有隐性表达的习惯，而英语却擅长显性表达；汉语以重复作为修辞，而避免重复是英语的主要句法特征。
张培之在翻译《背影》时，就尽量做到用英语表达方式来表现文章中的父子情。
一、英语的形合和汉语的意合英语和汉语在语言表达上有很大区别，英语注重形合，语言有主次之分，语句具有逻辑性强、连贯的特点；汉语的表达重在意合，语句显得散漫，常常省略主语和句子中的连词。
在翻译中，为了完整表达语言的含义，必须将这些省略的部分补充完整。
原文中有这样一句：“回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空。
”从语法上分析，这句话缺少主语，应该是“父亲回到扬州的家”，两句话之间还存在逻辑问题，应该是“父亲通过变卖典质，才还清了亏空”。
张培之在英译本中将缺少的主语补上，还调整了语序，使语句变得更加符合逻辑：“The father went back to his home in Yangzhou and paid off the debt by selling his legacy.”（父亲回到扬州家中，用变卖遗产的方式，还清了债务。
张培基《背影》译文赏析
张培基《背影》译文赏析父亲和儿子之间的关系往往是这样，儿子长大成人了，他还能记得什么呢？能够记起来的，恐怕只有那小时候常常依在他身上所发生的几件事罢了。
我清楚地记得我和父亲在一起度过的童年。
如果把父亲比作船，那么，我和弟弟便是水里的鱼，天天在摇摆不定的父亲身边游来游去。
每当春天和初夏的夜晚来临，我们常常钻进睡袋，爬到父亲的背上，让他带着我们在院子里四处游逛。
当父亲的脊背把我们驮在背上时，我们就像小鸟一样舒服地贴在父亲宽阔的胸脯上。
而他，那时也恰似鸟儿一样舒适地栖息在我们温暖的羽毛中。
父亲和儿子的别离总是发生在特殊的时刻，或者是我们与父亲在异地生活、学习时，或者是父亲做出了意想不到的牺牲时，总之是在我们心目中觉得不安时。
但是不管怎么说，只要父亲回来，别离的时刻就到了。
父亲是我们的主心骨，我们是在他保护下成长起来的。
这种情况下的别离才算真正意义上的别离。
因此，父亲的这种别离，对于儿子来说，可以被称为“历史性的别离”。
从我记事起，爸爸每次走出家门，从来没有见他跟我们告别过。
当然，他也并非完全不告别。
他送我们兄弟俩上车时，常常停住，一面叮咛，一面握住我们的手。
此外，他还把我们送到门口，目送着我们，直到看不见了，才转身离去。
但是从我能记忆的范围来看，父亲却从未跟我们做过任何事情，甚至连拥抱也不曾有过。
但是，这样的别离并没有使我们感到太多的难过，我们很快便又与父亲在一起了。
至于父亲的形象，可以用父亲在世时所写的日记来反映：“我在你的眼睛里看到了一切，除了希望。
你在行动上受到的教育和你所知道的道理我都已经给了你，这就是我对你的全部希望。
你在长身体的时候，需要充足的营养，所以我应该去工作，应该更努力地工作，好挣更多的钱。
但是同时你也需要别人的关怀和爱护，而且不是一般的爱护和关怀。
你要善于跟人交朋友，这样你的人生路才会走得更顺利，才会活得更有意义。
不过，你不能太孤独，要有一两个知心的朋友。
……”《背影》是现代散文家朱自清写的一篇感人至深的父爱，内容虽简单，却让我感受颇深，尤其是文中父亲的爱。
背影英译比较
背影
朱自清的《背影》有许多人都翻译过然而每个人翻译的区别也有很多的不同，首先第一句话就有很大的差异1．My father and I don't meet over two years, I cannot forget his figure 2．It is more than two years since I saw my father last time,第一句的翻译明显感觉有一种中式英文的感觉，相对而言第二句的翻译比较符合英语文化然而原文是这样写的（原1）我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
中文原文在文章的第一句就直接点题，表示自己对父亲背影的难忘对于上面的两句话我跟喜欢这一句It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the view of his back.接下来作者提到了回家是这样写的(原2) 回家变卖典当，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。
这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲的赋闲。
我觉得上面的一句这样翻译很好After arriving home in Yangzhou, father paid off debts by selling or pawning things. He also borrowed money to meet the funeral expenses. The state was miserable partly because of the funeral; partly because my father’s unemployed 支付丧葬费译为to meet the funeral expenses。
meet在这里应为“应付（困难等）”的意思（原3）)“一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲的赋闲”译为partly because of the funeral; partly because my father’s unemployed（原4）父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”张培基老师是这么翻译的Father said, “Now that things’ve come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”然而我认为我翻译的也不错Father said, ”You have to be more optimistic when things had come to such a pass. Heaven will always leave a door open, as the saying goes.”（原5）他只说，“不要紧，他们去不好)“他们去不好”中的“他们”指“茶房”，全句意译为It won’t do to trust guys like those steward.如直译为It won’t do to let one of the steward go with you，也无不可，但未能把“对茶房缺乏信任感”的意思表达出来。
智慧人生之汉英语句式结构差异下朱自清《背影》的两种英译本对比
汉英语句式结构差异下朱自清《背影》的两种英译本对比摘要：汉语竹式结构与英语树式结构反映出汉民族重悟性、英语民族注重理性的思维差异，表现在语言组织上则是汉语重意合而英语重形合。
本文通过对比朱自清《背影》的张培基译本和杨、戴译本的句式结构，发现张译本的句式结构更符合英语的表达习惯。
关键词：树式结构；竹式结构；思维差异一、汉英句式宏观对比汉语句子各语义成分通过隐性的语法关系呈线性结构铺排，结构松散且无明显语义形态标记；英语句式则主干结构突出，各语义成分通过显性语法关系形成多枝共干的结构，层次分明。
哲学上看，汉英句式结构差异体现了两民族的思维差异。
汉民族几千年来深受儒、道和佛教的影响，这三种哲学都强调悟性，故汉语形成了重内在隐含关系、以意统形的特点。
英语自形成以来深受亚里士多德形式逻辑的影响和重形式论证的理性主义影响，体现在语言上则是重逻辑语义关系外显、以形统意。
二、《背影》简介《背影》是朱自清最具影响的抒情名篇之一。
写于1925年，回忆父亲送“我”坐火车、为我买橘子的故事，展现出父子间真挚而浓厚的感情。
文中多处出现分句线性铺排结构和动词连贯句，对译者提出了较高要求。
三、分句线性铺排结构的翻译分句线性铺排结构“视觉上流动，形态上松散，内容上完整”（申小龙，1989）。
在英译过程中译者必须理清语义逻辑关系，找准语义重心并用英语的主谓结构表达出来，形成一个“视觉上固定，形态上自足，关系上完整”的整体（同上）。
我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，it is more than two years since i last saw my father， and what i can never forget is the sight of his back. misfortune never come singly. in the winter of more than two years ago，grandma died and father lost his job.（张译）though it is over two years since i saw my father， i can never forget my last view of his back. that winter mygrandmother died，and my father’s official appointment was terminated， for trouble never come singly.（杨、戴译）该段文字结构松散但语义环环相扣。
从《背影》译本分析中国特色词汇的意译
——从《背影》译本分析中国特色词汇的意译
Presented by Vivian
美文赏析——摘至《张培基译本》
我与父亲不相见已两年余了，我最不能忘记的是他
的背影。 It has been mor
since I last saw Father, and it is
那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差事也交
卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北
京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
It was a winter, when misfortune loved company--Grandma died and Father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home for Grandma‘s funeral.
“灾难” 接二连三 无对应词 本义出发
译1：背景: 射击最初只是生存工具, 19世纪末才发展成 为一项体育运动 1896: 第一次成为奥运项目 1904: 中断 1928: 中断
译2：我们应该用辩证的思维一分为二地去看待
这个问题。
美文赏析——摘至《张培基译本》
父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过， 好在天无绝人之路！”
______________________________ ______________________________ ___________________
陷入绝境 无对应词
终可找到出 路
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a back view of him, more than
anything else, that has been 强调句型
2011年初级口译备考：“看”的丰富译法总结
2011年初级口译备考：“看”的丰富译法总结朱自清先生的《背影》大家都很熟悉吧~小编发现张培基先生在翻译这篇文章的时候不同的和“看”相关的词语用了不同的译法，我们来总结一下吧，其实“看”这个意思，也是有很多近义词的，在不同的语境中，我们可以分别灵活使用。
自清（Zhu Ziqing）的《背影》（The Sight of Father's Back）原文：我看那边月台的栅栏外有几个卖东西的等着顾客。
走到那边月台，须穿过铁道，须跳下去又爬上去。
父亲是一个胖子，走过去自然要费些事。
我本来要去的，他不肯，只好让他去。
译文：I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings bey ond a platform. But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and d oing some climbing up and down. That would be a strenuous job for father, who was fat.I wanted to do all that myself, but he stopped me, so I could do nothing but let him g o.张培基先生在这里没有用普通的see，watch，look，而是用了catch sight of（看到，瞥见）。
用sight来表达"看见"的词组常用的有以下几种：* at first sight 乍一看，一见之下；立即At first sight the difficulty looks greater than it really is.乍看起来困难较大，但实际上并非如此。
* at（或on，upon）sight 一见（就）The guard had orders to shoot on sight.哨兵奉命见对象就开枪。