张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英译汉常用的方法和技巧(下))【圣才出品】

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英汉翻译教程答案张培基

英汉翻译教程答案张培基

英汉翻译教程答案张培基【篇一:英汉翻译教程_张培基等】第一章:我国翻译史简介我国的翻译事业有约两千多年的光辉历史。

早在公元前六年西汉哀帝时代,伊存到中国口传一些佛教经句,但还谈不上佛教的翻译。

佛经的翻译是在东汉桓帝建和两年(公元148年)开始的,译者是安世高,他是安息人(即波斯),他译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经。

过些时候,娄迦谶来中国,因为他是月支人,所以又称支娄迦谶。

他也译了十多部佛经,但文笔生硬,不易看懂,所以从那时起,大概就有直译和意译这个问题了。

他有个学生叫支亮,支亮又有个弟子叫支谦,他们三人号称“三支”,都是当时翻译佛经很有名的人。

就在那时,月支派里出现了一个叫竺法护的大翻译家,他译了175部佛经,对于佛法的流传贡献很大。

但这些翻译活动还只是民间私人事业。

到了符秦时代,释道安设置了“译场”,成了有组织的活动,他本人不懂梵文,惟恐失真,主张严格的直译,在这期间他请来了天竺人(即印度)鸠摩罗什,他全改以前群家的直古风格,主张“意译”,他的译著为我国翻译文学奠定了基础。

到南北朝时,一个叫真谛的印度佛教学者应梁武帝之聘来到中国,他译了49部经论,对中国佛教思想有较大影响。

从隋代(公元590年)起到唐代,是我国翻译事业高度发达的时期,隋代有个释彦琮,梵文造诣很深。

在他以后出现了古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛经三大翻译家),他成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介绍的中国人,他自创了“新译”。

值得一提的是,清末马建忠在他写的《拟设翻译书院议》中发挥了他所认为的“善译”的见解,可以说是试图说明翻译标准的一个开端。

他的善译标准包括了三大要求:第一、译者首先要对两种语言素有研究,熟知彼此的异同;第二、弄清原文的意义精神和语气,把它传达出来;第三、译文与原文毫无出入。

这些要求是很有道理的,因他本人后来没搞翻译,因此他对“善译”的见解,反被后人忽略了。

“五四”运动是我国近代翻译史的分水岭,“五四”以前最显著的表现是,以严复、林纾等为代表翻译了一系列西方资产阶级学术名著和文学作品。

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

第5章英汉常用的方法和技巧(中)5.1 分句、合句法一、试译下列各句,将斜体的单词或短语译成一个汉语句子1. At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.【译文】现在的人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。

2. George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind.【译文】乔治点点头,他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人,对此他心存感激。

3. The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.【译文】直接赠予的意图必须明白无误,转让行为必须立即产生效力,且该效力应具有永久性。

4. Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.【译文】离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。

那儿有十几家民族餐馆,热闹得如同第二个唐人街。

5. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.【译文】那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家都容易看出来的。

6. The depth of some of those changes is , to me at least, pleasingly remarkable and extraordinary.【译文】其中一些变化有深度,至少在我看来是非常了不起的,不同凡响,令我由衷地高兴。

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书( 我国翻译史简 介)【圣才出品】

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书( 我国翻译史简 介)【圣才出品】

第1章我国翻译史简介1.1 复习笔记一、我国翻译的早期我国的翻译事业有约两千年的历史。

最早开始的是佛经的翻译,翻译家有安世高、号称“三支”的支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦,竺法护。

二、隋唐时期我国翻译事业高度发达的时期是从隋代(公元五九〇年)起到唐代。

这一时期古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛教三大翻译家)。

玄奘的贡献为:①玄奘不但把佛经由梵文译成汉文,而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文,成为第一个把汉字著作向国外介绍的中国人。

②玄奘在翻译理论方面也是有贡献的,他提出的翻译标准是“既须求真,又须喻俗”,意即“忠实、通顺”。

三、明清时期从明代万历年间到清代“新学”时期,出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。

明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作,翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》《测量法义》等书。

清林纾最著名的文学作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelias)、《黑奴吁天录》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin)、《块肉余生述》(David Copperfield)、《王子复仇记》(Ham1et)等。

严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家,所译作品多系西方政治经济学说,如赫胥黎(T. H. Huxley)的《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、亚当·斯密(A. Smith)的《原富》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)等。

严复提出了著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准。

四、五四时期至今“五四”是我国近代翻译史的分水岭。

“五四”以后,我国翻译开始介绍马列主义经典著作和无产阶级文学作品。

《共产党宣言》的译文就发表在“五四”时期。

这一时期的翻译工作在内容和形式上都起了很大变化。

白话文代替了文言文。

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉语言的对比)【圣才出品】

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉语言的对比)【圣才出品】

第3章英汉语言的对比3.1 英汉词汇现象对比一、试译下列各短语,注意英汉语中词的多义性和搭配能力的不同1. ①soft music②soft life③soft drink④soft goods⑤soft light⑥soft breeze【译文】①轻音乐;②安逸的生活;③软饮料(不含酒精);④纺织品;⑤柔和的光线;⑥微风2. ①a handsome car②a handsome man③a handsome profit④a handsome compliment【译文】①漂亮的车;②英俊的男士;③一大笔利润;④大加赞赏3.①good results②good food③a good point④a good deed【译文】①好的结果;②符合标准的食物;③有说服力的依据;④高尚的习惯行为4.①poor health②poor food③poor light④poor soil⑤a poor country⑥a poor swimmer【译文】①身体不好;②劣质食物;③昏暗的光线;④贫瘠的土壤;⑤贫穷的国家;⑥不擅长游泳的人5. ①regular breathing②regular customers③a face with regular features④a regular army/soldier⑤a regular disaster【译文】①均匀的呼吸;②老主顾;③五官端正的脸庞;④正规军;正规军士兵;⑤一场彻底的灾难6. ①to cut wheat②to cut cake③to cut finger-nails【译文】①割麦子;②切蛋糕;③剪指甲7. ①to fuel up on food②to fuel up on water【译文】①吃点食物;②喝点啤酒二、试译下列单词和句子,根据汉语表达习惯进行增添1. sorting【答案】分类法2. allergy【译文】(医学)变(态反)应性/过敏性3. measurement【译文】测量法/测量结果4. neutralization【译文】中和作用/中立状态5. modification【译文】修改方案/修正稿6. oxidation【译文】氧化作用7. transmission【译文】传递方式/传动装置8. cycling【译文】周期变化9. programming【译文】程序编制10. magnetization【译文】磁化作用/磁化强度11. mercuriality【译文】易变特性12. substitution【译文】取代作用13. corrosive【译文】腐蚀剂14. dripping【译文】滴注法15. assimilation【译文】同化作用16. relativity【译文】相对论17. lithonephrotomy【译文】肾结石切除术18. memory【译文】存储器19. After the First World War, the mine-owners of South Wales were unable toproduce coal as cheaply as the more mechanized mines abroad, with the result that for many years there was serious unemployment in South Wales.【译文】第一次世界大战以后,南威尔士矿主不能像海外机械化程度较高的煤矿一样廉价出煤,结果南威尔士多年来有着严重的失业现象。

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

第5章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(中)5.1 复习笔记一、分句、合句法分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。

合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

(一)分句法1. 把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。

(1) 副词The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。

(2) 形容词That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。

(3) 名词He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头,两月睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。

2. 把原文中一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。

(1) 分词短语She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen.她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。

(2) 名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭,这是一条普遍公认的规律。

(3) 前置词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。

3. 把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。

His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。

《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题(科技翻译)【圣才出品】

《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题(科技翻译)【圣才出品】

《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记及习题(科技翻译)【圣才出品】第12单元常⽤⽂体翻译(科技翻译)12.1 复习笔记⼀、科技⽂体的范畴科技英语(English for science and technology)现在已经成为⼀种独⽴的⽂体。

包括:(1)科技著述、科技论⽂和报告、实验报告和⽅案;(2)各类科技情报和⽂字资料;(3)科技实⽤⼿册;(4)有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的⽤语;(5)有关科技的影⽚、录像等有声资料的解说词。

⼆、科技英语的特点科技⽂体严谨周密,概念准确,逻辑性强,⾏⽂简练,重点突出,句式严整,少有变化。

1. 多名词化结构汉语使⽤动词较多,⽽英语中的名词使⽤率较⾼。

例:Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.【译⽂】插⼊⼀个楔⼦就能纠正这个⽑病。

【分析】rectification of this fault和insertion of a wedge系名词化结构,在汉译时,转化成了动词结构。

2. ⼴泛使⽤被动态科技⽂章在语⽓上⽐较正式,体现科学研究的客观性,⽽且将主要信息前置,放在主语部分,所以科技⽂体中被动语态的使⽤率⾼。

翻译时最好也是翻译成⽆主语结构或被动意义的句⼦。

例:A visicorder is provided to record current and voltage waveforms.【译⽂】此可显⽰记录器⽤来记录电流和电压波形。

3. 多⽤⼀般现在时⼀般现在时可以较好地表现⽂章内容的⽆时间性,⽤在科技⽂中可使⽂章内容显得更客观准确。

翻译时也应突出这种“⽆时间性”的特征。

例:Injection molding involves injecting molten plastic into a mold. Only a small amount of recycled plastic is used in this process, because it is poor in quality and would reduce the product’s strength.【译⽂】塑料注射成型法要求把熔融塑料注⼊模具。

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(短文翻译及详解)【圣才出品】

张培基《英汉翻译教程》学习辅导书(短文翻译及详解)【圣才出品】

附录短文翻译及详解说明:本章全面收录《英汉翻译教程》(张培基主编,修订本)中的短文翻译练习,每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文,而且还列举出相应的翻译要点及解析,对于以该书为教材的考生来说,具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性,同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。

1When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful①. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties②.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet③.As he talked Chou En-lai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning him.When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enrolled as full members④, but Chu’s membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date⑤. Though not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, “so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders.” There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich men’s sons with whom he might have associated⑥in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent his time studying hungrily, avidly⑦, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.(From The Great Road, by Agnes Smedley) 【参考译文】周恩来的房门打开时,他们看到的是一个身材瘦长、比普通人略高一点的人,两眼闪着光辉,面貌很引人注意,称得上清秀①。

英汉翻译教程 张培基 课后练习及答案

英汉翻译教程 张培基 课后练习及答案
• 他倒是不抽烟,但他的爸爸却一支又一支不停 地抽。
• 2. Hewas a regular visitor . • 他经常来。 • 3. She i s a lover of Chinese painting. • 她热爱中国画。 • 4. There were various possible players
for the role. • 可能扮演这个角色的有好几个人。
• 四、 试译下列各句,将斜体的名词(前面有一个较固定的动 两者合成一个短语)转译成动词:
• 1. He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.
• 他在演讲中曾提到过这件事。
forgotten to turn it off when he left. • 他回来时,收音机仍然开着,因为他离开时忘记关了。 • 3. “Please do let me in ! They are searching for me,” h
begged. • “请让我进来吧!他们正在搜查我。” 他恳求道。 • 4. I would usually first overfly Cyprus, with cameras o
• 2. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent.
• 他瞧了他一下,表示他听见了,但没有表示同意或不同意。
• 3. The Party branch secretary showed great concern fo the student’s health.
• 3. The judge sat in the dining-room amid his morning mail.
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第6章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(下)
6.1 习语的译法
一、直译
1. Trojan horse
【译文】特洛伊木马(比喻暗藏的敌人或危险)
2. tower of ivory
【译文】象牙之塔(比喻世外桃源)
3. sour grapes
【译文】酸葡萄(相当于阿Q精神)
4. Sphinx’s riddle
【译文】斯芬克司之谜(比喻难解之谜)
5. as wise as Solomon
【译文】像所罗门一样聪明(比喻非常富有智慧)
6. the fifth column
【译文】第五纵队(比喻间谍)
7. a Judas kiss
【译文】犹大之吻(比喻背叛行为)
8. crocodile tears
【译文】鳄鱼眼泪(比喻假慈悲)
9. wash one’s hands of
【译文】洗手不干(撒手不管)
10. new wine in old bottles
【译文】旧瓶装新酒(旧形式不适合新内容)
11. Forbidden fruit is sweet.
【译文】禁果分外甜。

12. In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 【译文】盲人国中,独眼称雄。

(或:盲人之邦独眼称王。


13. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
【译文】同时追两兔,全都抓不住。

14. Half a loaf is better than no bread.
【译文】有半块面包总比没有好。

15. Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome, that he mingled his tears with hers and mine.
【译文】结果是,一会儿米考伯先生也受不住了,和她和我,眼泪对流起来了。

16. The Gardiners stayed a week at Longbourn; and what with the Philipses, the Lucases, and the officers, there was not a day without its engagement.
【译文】嘉丁纳夫妇在浪伯恩待了一个星期,没有哪一天不赴宴会,有时候在腓力普府上,有时候在卢卡斯府上,有时候又在军官们那儿。

【解析】译文按照原文的顺序和意思对应翻译,准确传递了原文的意思。

17. I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaw’s heart, if not by his mouth, to the lowest pit in the infernal regions…
【译文】我想,哈雷顿·厄恩肖即便嘴里不说,心里也要诅咒我下到地狱的最底层里去……
18. Unless you’ve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.
【译文】除非你袖中藏有王牌,否则我们是输定了。

19. He has fi shed in Manhattan’s wallet and dug out coins.
【译文】他(们)把手伸进曼哈顿的钱囊里捞钱。

20. As I remained in the Third Fourth three times as long as anyone else, I had three times as much of it. I learned it thoroughly. Thus I get into my bones the essential structure of the ordinary English sentence -- which is a noble thing.
【译文】因为我在四年级三班待的时间是别人的三倍,所以我所受的这种训练也是别人的三倍。

就这样,我掌握得很彻底。

普通英语句子的基本结构便深入到我的骨髓里——这可是件了不起的事。

21. Business is a two-way street and to keep it open in both directions there must be a sense that both partners are doing their utmost to ensure a steady growth in each other’s markets.
【译文】生意好比双行道,伙伴双方都必须明白,只有竭尽全力确保对方向自己市场的出口稳步增长,道路的两个方向才得以畅通。

22. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.
【译文】同这么多穿着体面、举止文雅的人在一起,这位乡下姑娘感到自己就像是离水之鱼。

23. Atomic clocks keep time to better than 0.01 second a year.
【译文】原子钟保持时间准确度一年不到0.01秒的误差。

【解析】译文没有多余的改动和修饰,忠实于原文,将原文的内容和信息准确传递。

24. He wanted to run, but that would be the worst thing he could do.
【译文】他真想跑,但那是他能做的最糟糕的事。

25. Romeo is banished: and all the world to nothing that he dares never come back to challenge you.
【译文】罗密欧是已经放逐了,我可以拿随便什么东西来跟你打赌,他再也不敢回来责问你。

二、套译
1. burn the boat
【译文】破釜沉舟
2. castle in the air
【译文】空中楼阁
3. a bolt from the blue
【译文】晴天霹雳
4. six of one and half a dozen of the other
【译文】半斤八两
5. after one’s own heart
【译文】正中下怀
6. one’s hair stands on end
【译文】毛发倒竖
7. kill two birds with one stone
【译文】一箭双雕
8. show the cloven hoof
【译文】露出马脚
9. hang by a hair
【译文】千钧一发
10. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
【译文】杀鸡取卵
11. He that snows the wind will reap the whirlwind. 【译文】玩火者必自焚。

(直译:播种风的人必将收获旋风。


12. Like begets like.。

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