Principles for Translation 英语翻译原则

增补法
The oak is a symbol of strength, the lion courage, the lamb weakness. Afraid of being cut off, they lose no time in turning back. A new type of plane—small, cheap, plane— pilotless— pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. A full moon hung high in the sky.
重复法 （1）为了明确
Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. 参考译文 强国有强国的策略，小国有小国 的路线。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，despised it in life， it， others. 参考译文 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失 败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。
We (you) should be cautious under that circumstance. She sat down, crossed her legs, and drew her skirt down over her knees.
减词法（省略法） （3）连词的省略
He looked gloomy and troubled. 参考译文 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 If winter comes，can spring be far behind? comes， 参考译文 冬天来了，春天还会远吗? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
减词法（省略法） （1）冠词的省略
Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas. solid， liquid， 参考译文 任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体， 都是由原子构成的。
减词法（省略法） （2）代词的省略
词意的褒贬
The statement completely laid bare their ambition for world conquest. Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.
增补法 (1)增加名词 (1)增加名词
According to scientists，it takes nature scientists， 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 参考译文 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要 用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土 500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土 壤。
Heavy: crops; frost; wine; road; sea; heart; fire; smoker; bread; line; storm
词义的选择 根据具体语境选择词义
Kill: He killed the man. He killed the dog. They killed the proposal. Please kill the engine. You are killing me. She kills her child with kindness. He took a snack to kill her hunger. He killed time everyday at the park. He killed the spirit of teamwork. The news killed their hope. These flowers kill easily. The smell killed my appetite.
增补法 (3)增加形容词 (3)增加形容词
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 参考译文 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建 设社会主义啊! 设社会主义啊! What a sight! 参考译文 多美的景色啊! 多美的景色啊!
Principles for Translation
In 1898, in the introduction to his translation of the book "Completed Works of Thomas Henry Huxley, Volume IX" (Chinese title《天演论》), title《天演论》 Mr. Yan wrote, "There are thranslation: fidelity, fluency and elegance.“ (译事三难信达雅). 译事三难信达雅).
重复法 （1）为了明确
There was cooling system and/or oil system trouble.
Water can be decomposed by energy，a energy， current of electricity. 参考译文 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也 就是电流。
减词法（省略法） （4）介词的省略
Now complaints are heard all over the country. Smoking is prohibited in public places. 参考译文 公共场所不许吸烟。
减词法（省略法） （5）同位语前置名词的省略
They were all worried over the fact that you were sick. 参考译文 你病了,大家都很担心.
词义的引申
Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government，he should not hesitate a government， moment to prefer the latter. 参考译文 如果让一个美国人决定要没有言论 自由的政府还是要言论自由而无政府的国家， 他会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
增补法 (2)增加动词 (2)增加动词
In the evening，after the banquets，the evening， banquets， concerts and the table tennis exhibitions，he exhibitions， would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. 参考译文 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒 乓球表演之后，他还得草拟最后公告。 The cities utilize these funds for education， education， police and fire departments，public works and departments， municipal buildings. 参考译文 市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业， 市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业， 加强治安消防，投资公共建筑和市政工程。 加强治安消防，投资公共建筑和市政工程。
16 tips
定 同 语 从 句 从 句 译 译 语 句 位 语 从 句 从 换 合 宾 语 转 与 主 语 态 译 译 与 倒 换 分 反 异 转 换 贬 顺 构 转 法 法 结 词 类 词 减 重 复 补 法 的 褒 引 申 择 增 词 意 义 义 的 的 选 词 词
词义的选择 根据具体语境选择词义
词义的引申
In these days of urban decay and energy crisis, there is a constant longing to return to the land and flee back to a simpler way of life. But it cannot be done. We have a tiger by the tail and we cannot go home again.
词义的选择 根据具体语境选择词义
After their interview，he compares not interview， their experience，but their statistics… experience， 参考译文 面试以后，他并不比较他们的经 验，而是比较他们的统计数字。 Our journey to Tibet was quite an experience. 参考译文 我们的西藏之旅真是一次难忘的 经历。
词义的选择 根据具体语境选择词义
吃: 这药一天吃三次。 没吃一口东西。 一口气吃完了。 吃饱了。 吃不惯。 不喜欢吃。 不愁吃穿。 这么大了还不会吃饭。 这碗饭不好吃。
词义的选择 根据具体语境选择词义
Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 参考译文 电力可以被输送到很远的地方。 A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 参考译文 汽车高速行驶需要很大的动力。 Explosive technological development after 1990 gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness. 参考译文 1990年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医 1990年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医 学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。