2018年上海黄浦区高三一模试题附答案
上海市黄浦区2018届高三一模数学试卷及答案解析.pdf
，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若 A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数 x 的取
第 1页（共 18页）
值范围是
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12．（3 分）已知点 M（m，0），m＞0 和抛物线 C：y2=4x．过 C 的焦点 F 的直线
与 C 交于 A，B 两点，若 =2 ，且| |=| |，则 m=
．
二、选择题（本大题共有 4 题，满分 12 分．） 13．（3 分）若 x∈R，则“x＞1”是“ ”的（ ）
（用符
号“＜“连接起来）．
10．（3 分）已知点 O，A，B，F 分别为椭圆
的中心、左
顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点 F 作 OB 的平行线，它与椭圆 C 在第一象限部分交
于点 P，若
，则实数λ的值为
．
11 ．（ 3 分 ） 已 知 x∈R ， 定 义 ： A （ x ） 表 示 不 小 于 x 的 最 小 整 数 ． 如
18．（12 分）如图，已知点 A 是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以 x 轴的正半 轴为始边，OA 为终边的角设为α，将 OA 绕坐标原点逆时针旋转 至 OB． （1）用α表示 A，B 两点的坐标； （2）M 为 x 轴上异于 O 的点，若 MA⊥MB，求点 M 横坐标的取值范围．
19．（14 分）已知函数 g（x）=
∴| ﹣ |=
≥| |﹣1=
﹣1= ﹣1，
∴| ﹣ |的最小值为 ﹣1
8．（3 分）已知函数 y=f（x）是奇函数，且当 x≥0 时，f（x）=log2（x+1）．若函 数 y=g（x）是 y=f（x）的反函数，则 g（﹣3）= ﹣7 ． 【解答】解：∵反函数与原函数具有相同的奇偶性． ∴g（﹣3）=﹣g（3）， ∵反函数的定义域是原函数的值域， ∴log2（x+1）=3， 解得：x=7， 即 g（3）=7， 故得 g（﹣3）=﹣7． 故答案为：﹣7．
2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷
2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分.其中第1～6题每题满分36分，第7～12题每题满分36分）1．（3分）已知全集U=R，集合，则（∁U B）∩A=．2．（3分）函数的定义域是．3．（3分）若复数z满足（i为虚数单位），则z=．4．（3分）已知sin（α+）=，α∈（﹣，0），则tanα=．5．（3分）若无穷等比数列中任意一项均等于其之后所有项的和，则其公比为．6．（3分）若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a=．7．（3分）已知向量=（x，y）（x，y∈R），=（1，2），若x2+y2=1，则|﹣|的最小值为．8．（3分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）=log2（x+1）．若函数y=g（x）是y=f（x）的反函数，则g（﹣3）=．9．（3分）已知m，n，α，β∈R，m＜n，α＜β，若α，β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，则m，n，α，β四个数按从小到大的顺序是（用符号“＜“连接起来）．10．（3分）已知点O，A，B，F分别为椭圆的中心、左顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点F作OB的平行线，它与椭圆C在第一象限部分交于点P，若，则实数λ的值为．11．（3分）已知x∈R，定义：A（x）表示不小于x的最小整数．如，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数x的取值范围是．12．（3分）已知点M（m，0），m＞0和抛物线C：y2=4x．过C的焦点F的直线与C交于A，B两点，若=2，且||=||，则m=．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分12分．）13．（3分）若x∈R，则“x＞1”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件 B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件14．（3分）已知向量，则下列能使成立的一组向量是（）C．D．15．（3分）一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该程序运行后输出的值是（）A．4 B．5 C．6 D．716．（3分）已知a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，若线段l1，l2，l3，l4的长分别为a1，a2，a3，a4，则（）A．对任意的d，均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形B．对任意的d，均不存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形C．对任意的d，均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形D．对任意的d，均不存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分．）17．（12分）在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AB=AA1=4，BC=3，E，F分别是所在棱AB，BC的中点，点P 是棱A1B1上的动点，联结EF，AC1．如图所示．（1）求异面直线EF，AC1所成角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）；（2）求以E，F，A，P为顶点的三棱锥的体积．18．（12分）如图，已知点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．（1）用α表示A，B两点的坐标；（2）M为x轴上异于O的点，若MA⊥MB，求点M横坐标的取值范围．19．（14分）已知函数g（x）=，x∈R，函数y=f（x）是函数y=g（x）的反函数．（1）求函数y=f（x）的解析式，并写出定义域D；（2）设h（x）=，若函数y=h（x）在区间（0，1）内的图象是不间断的光滑曲线，求证：函数y=h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）内必有唯一的零点（假设为t），且﹣1．20．（18分）（理科）定义：若各项为正实数的数列{a n}满足，则称数列{a n}为“算术平方根递推数列”．，x n）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上．已知数列{x n}满足，且，点（x n+1（1）试判断数列{2x n+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列？若是，请说明你的理由；（2）记y n=lg（2x n+1）（n∈N*），求证：数列{y n}是等比数列，并求出通项公式y n；（3）从数列{y}中依据某种顺序自左至右取出其中的项，把这些项重新组成一个新数列{z n}：．若数列{z n}是首项为、公比为的无穷等比数列，且数列{z n}各项的和为，求正整数k、m的值．21．（18分）已知椭圆Γ：+=1（a＞b＞0），过原点的两条直线l1和l2分别与Γ交于点A、B和C、D，得到平行四边形ACBD．（1）当ACBD为正方形时，求该正方形的面积S；（2）若直线l1和l2关于y轴对称，Γ上任意一点P到l1和l2的距离分别为d1和d2，当d12+d22为定值时，求此时直线l1和l2的斜率及该定值．（3）当ACBD为菱形，且圆x2+y2=1内切于菱形ACBD时，求a，b满足的关系式．2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分.其中第1～6题每题满分36分，第7～12题每题满分36分）1．（3分）已知全集U=R，集合，则（∁U B）∩A={x|﹣1＜x≤} ．【解答】解：A={x|﹣1＜x＜1}，∁U B={x|x≤}，则（∁U B）∩A={x|﹣1＜x≤}，故答案为：{x|﹣1＜x≤}，2．（3分）函数的定义域是（1，+∞）．【解答】解：要使函数有意义，需满足解得x＞1故答案为：（1，+∞）3．（3分）若复数z满足（i为虚数单位），则z=1+2i．【解答】解：由，得z=1+2i．故答案为：1+2i．4．（3分）已知sin（α+）=，α∈（﹣，0），则tanα=﹣2．【解答】解：∵sin（α+）=cosα，sin（α+）=，∴cosα=，又α∈（﹣，0），∴sinα=﹣，∴tanα==﹣2．故答案为：﹣2．5．（3分）若无穷等比数列中任意一项均等于其之后所有项的和，则其公比为．【解答】解：设数列中的任意一项为a，由无穷等比数列中的每一项都等于它后面所有各项的和，得a=，即1﹣q=q∴q=．故答案为：．6．（3分）若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a=1．【解答】解：作函数y=sinx在区间[π，2π]上的图象如下，，结合图象可知，若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a﹣1=0，故a=1；故答案为：1．7．（3分）已知向量=（x，y）（x，y∈R），=（1，2），若x2+y2=1，则|﹣|的最小值为﹣1．【解答】解：设O（0，0），P（1，2），∴|﹣|=≥||﹣1=﹣1=﹣1，∴|﹣|的最小值为﹣18．（3分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）=log2（x+1）．若函数y=g（x）是y=f（x）的反函数，则g（﹣3）=﹣7．【解答】解：∵反函数与原函数具有相同的奇偶性．∴g（﹣3）=﹣g（3），∵反函数的定义域是原函数的值域，∴log2（x+1）=3，解得：x=7，即g（3）=7，故得g（﹣3）=﹣7．故答案为：﹣7．9．（3分）已知m，n，α，β∈R，m＜n，α＜β，若α，β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，则m，n，α，β四个数按从小到大的顺序是α＜m＜n＜β（用符号“＜“连接起来）．【解答】解：∵α、β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，∴α、β是函数y=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）与函数y=7的交点的横坐标，且m、n是函数y=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）与x轴的交点的横坐标，故由二次函数的图象可知，α＜m＜n＜β；故答案为：α＜m＜n＜β．10．（3分）已知点O，A，B，F分别为椭圆的中心、左顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点F作OB的平行线，它与椭圆C在第一象限部分交于点P，若，则实数λ的值为．【解答】解：如图，A（﹣a，0），B（0，b），F（c，0），则P（c，），∴，，由，得，即b=c，∴a2=b2+c2=2b2，．则．故答案为：．11．（3分）已知x∈R，定义：A（x）表示不小于x的最小整数．如，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数x的取值范围是（1，] ．【解答】解：当A（x）=1时，0＜x≤1，可得4＜2x≤5，得2＜x≤，矛盾，故A（x）≠1，当A（x）=2时，1＜x≤2，可得4＜4x≤5，得1＜x≤，符合题意，故A（x）=2，当A（x）=3时，2＜x≤3，可得4＜6x≤5，得＜x≤，矛盾，故A（x）≠3，由此可知，当A（x）≥4时也不合题意，故A（x）=2∴正实数x的取值范围是（1，]故答案为：（1，]12．（3分）已知点M（m，0），m＞0和抛物线C：y2=4x．过C的焦点F的直线与C交于A，B两点，若=2，且||=||，则m=．【解答】解：由题意可知：F（1，0），由抛物线定义可知A（x1，y1），可知B（x2，y2），∵=2，可得：2（x2﹣1，y2）=（1﹣x1，﹣y1），可得y2=﹣，x2=，，解得x1=2，y1=±2．||=||，可得|m﹣1|=，解得m=．故答案为：．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分12分．）13．（3分）若x∈R，则“x＞1”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件 B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件【解答】解：由x＞1，一定能得到得到＜1，但当＜1时，不能推出x＞1 （如x=﹣1时），故x＞1是＜1 的充分不必要条件，故选：A．14．（3分）已知向量，则下列能使成立的一组向量是（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：作为基底不共线即可，共线，共线，不共线，共线，故选C．15．（3分）一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该程序运行后输出的值是（）A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7【解答】解：模拟执行程序框图，可得k=0，S=0满足条件S＜1000，S=1，k=1满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2=3，k=2满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2+23=11，k=3满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2+23+211，k=4不满足条件S＜1000，退出循环，输出k的值为4．故选：A．16．（3分）已知a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，若线段l1，l2，l3，l4的长分别为a1，a2，a3，a4，则（）A．对任意的d，均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形B．对任意的d，均不存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形C．对任意的d，均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形D．对任意的d，均不存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形【解答】解：A：对任意的d，假设均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形，∵a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，∴a2+a3＞a1，a3+a1=2a2＞a2，而a1+a2﹣a3=a1﹣d不一定大于0，因此不一定存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形，故不正确；B：由A可知：当a1﹣d＞0时，存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形，因此不正确；C：对任意的d，由于a3+a4，＞a2，a2+a4=2a1+4d=a1+2d+a3＞0，a2+a3﹣a4=a1＞0，因此均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形，正确；D．由C可知不正确．故选：C．三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分．）17．（12分）在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AB=AA1=4，BC=3，E，F分别是所在棱AB，BC的中点，点P 是棱A1B1上的动点，联结EF，AC1．如图所示．（1）求异面直线EF，AC1所成角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）；（2）求以E，F，A，P为顶点的三棱锥的体积．【解答】（本题满分12分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分（6分），第2小题满分（6分）．解：（1）联结AC，在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，有AC∥EF．又∠CAC1是直角三角形ACC1的一个锐角，∴∠CAC1就是异面直线EF，AC1所成的角．由AB=AA1=4，BC=3，得AC==5．∴tan∠CAC1==，即异面直线EF，AC1所成角为arctan．（2）由题意可知，点P到底面ABCD的距离与棱AA1的长相等．∵，∴=．18．（12分）如图，已知点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．（1）用α表示A，B两点的坐标；（2）M为x轴上异于O的点，若MA⊥MB，求点M横坐标的取值范围．【解答】解：（1）点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，α∈（0，）可得A（cosα，sinα），将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．可得B（cos（），sin（）），即B（﹣sinα，cosα）．（2）设M（x，0），x≠0，=（cosα﹣x，sinα），=（﹣sinα﹣x，cosα）．MA⊥MB，可得（cosα﹣x）（﹣sinα﹣x）+sinαcosα=0．xsinα﹣xcosα+x2=0，可得﹣x=sinα﹣cosα=sin（）∈（﹣1，1）．综上x∈（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．点M横坐标的取值范围：（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．19．（14分）已知函数g（x）=，x∈R，函数y=f（x）是函数y=g（x）的反函数．（1）求函数y=f（x）的解析式，并写出定义域D；（2）设h（x）=，若函数y=h（x）在区间（0，1）内的图象是不间断的光滑曲线，求证：函数y=h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）内必有唯一的零点（假设为t），且﹣1．【解答】（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分（7分），第2小题满分（7分）．解：（1）∵函数g（x）==1﹣，∴g（x）∈（﹣1，1）．令y=g（x）=1﹣，则=1﹣y，即，即x=，∴f（x）=，x∈（﹣1，1）．证明：（2）由（1）可知，h（x）==﹣，x∈（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．∵h（﹣x）+h（x）=﹣﹣+﹣=0，所以，函数h（x）是奇函数．当x∈（0，1）时，单调递减，=﹣1+单调递减，于是单调递减．因此，函数h（x）单调递减．依据奇函数的性质，可知，函数h（x）在（﹣1，0）上单调递减．又∵h（﹣）=﹣2+lg3＜0，h（﹣）=﹣+lg199＞0，所以，函数h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）上有且仅有唯一零点t，且﹣1．20．（18分）（理科）定义：若各项为正实数的数列{a n}满足，则称数列{a n}为“算术平方根递推数列”．已知数列{x n}满足，且，点（x n，x n）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上．+1（1）试判断数列{2x n+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列？若是，请说明你的理由；（2）记y n=lg（2x n+1）（n∈N*），求证：数列{y n}是等比数列，并求出通项公式y n；}中依据某种顺序自左至右取出其中的项，把这些项重新组成一个（3）从数列{y新数列{z n}：．若数列{z n}是首项为、公比为的无穷等比数列，且数列{z n}各项的和为，求正整数k、m的值．【解答】解：（1）数列{2x n+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列，证明如下：∵点（x n，x n）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上，+1∴x n=2x n+12+2x n+1，+1）2，∴2x n+1=（2x n+1∵x n＞0，n∈N*，+1=，∴2x n+1∴数列{2x n+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列；（2）∵y n=lg（2x n+1），2x n+1+1=，=y n，∴y n+1∵y1=lg（2x1+1）=1，∴数列{y n}是首项为1，公比为等比数列，∴通项公式y n=（）n﹣1（3）由题意可得数列{z n}的首项为，公比为，∴=，∴+=16，若m﹣1≥3，则+≤+＜+＜16，矛盾，∴m﹣1≤2，∵m﹣1=0或1时，+＞16，∴m﹣1=2，∴m=3，∴k=6．21．（18分）已知椭圆Γ：+=1（a＞b＞0），过原点的两条直线l1和l2分别与Γ交于点A、B和C、D，得到平行四边形ACBD．（1）当ACBD为正方形时，求该正方形的面积S；（2）若直线l1和l2关于y轴对称，Γ上任意一点P到l1和l2的距离分别为d1和d2，当d12+d22为定值时，求此时直线l1和l2的斜率及该定值．（3）当ACBD为菱形，且圆x2+y2=1内切于菱形ACBD时，求a，b满足的关系式．【解答】解：（1）∵ACBD为正方形，∴直线l1和l2的方程为y=x和y=﹣x，设点A、B的坐标为（x1，y1）、（x2，y2），解方程组，得==，由对称性可知，S=4=；（2）由题意，不妨设直线l1的方程为y=kx，则直线l2的方程为y=﹣kx，设P（x0，y0），则+=1，又∵d1=，d2=，∴+=+=，将=b2（1﹣）代入上式，得+=，∵d12+d22为定值，∴k2﹣=0，即k=±，于是直线l1和l2的斜率分别为和﹣，此时+=；（3）设AC与圆x2+y2=1相切的切点坐标为（x0，y0），则切线AC的方程为：x0x+y0y=1，点A、C的坐标为（x1，y1）、（x2，y2）为方程组的实数解．①当x0=0或y0=0时，ACBD均为正方形，椭圆均过点（1，1），于是有+=1；②当x0≠0或y0≠0时，将y=（1﹣x0x）代入+=1，整理得：（a2+b2）x2﹣2a2x0x﹣a2（1+b2）=0，由韦达定理可知x1x2=，同理可知y1y2=，∵ACBD为菱形，∴AO⊥CO，即x1x2+y1y2=0，∴+=0，整理得：a2+b2=a2b2（+），又∵+=1，∴a2+b2=a2b2，即+=1；水秀中华综上所述，a，b满足的关系式为+=1．。
2018黄浦高三英语一模参考答案
黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷参考答案I. Listening Comprehension1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCCAC11-13 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20 DCCBII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatSection B31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. FIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. DSection B56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66 CBADSection C67-70 FDAEIV. Summary Writing71.The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)V. Translation72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents).73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline.74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries./Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship.75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions.VI. Guided WritingOmitted.高三年级英语第1页共1页。
上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列
上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
2018届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试（一模）政治试题及答案
2018届上海市黄浦区高三上学期期终调研测试（一模）政治试题及答案黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试政治试卷（完卷时间：120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、单项选择题（共90分，每题3分。
每题只有一个正确答案）1．前些天的“双十一”网购狂欢让金融、物流快递的业务量迅猛增长，与此同时一些不真实的需求信息沿着供应链逆流而上，并被逐级放大，亦造成了相当程度的资源浪费。
材料表明A．生产决定消费方式B．消费对生产具有反作用C．消费中要勤俭节约D．市场配置资源最有效率2．9月教育部出台新高考方案，实现两类人才、两种模式的高考。
一种是技术技能人才的高考，考试内容为技能加文化知识；一种是学术型人才的高考，考试内容与现在的高考相似，将两类高考分开。
“两种模式高考”的方案A．能够增加大量的劳动就业岗位B．更加适应我国就业结构的变化C．有利于实现用创业来代替就业D．可以使劳动者树立正确就业观3．今年公布的世界500强企业名单中，中国上榜企业达100家，上榜主体包括68家国有企业，其中，中石化以4572亿美元的收入位居全球第三。
这表明国有经济A．在国民经济中占据主体地位B．以股份制作为主要实现形式C．竞争力和控制力在不断增强D．在国民经济中所占比重最大4．国务院批转的《关于深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见》提出，要根据经济发展、物价变动等因素，适时调整最低工资标准，到绝大多数地区最低工资标准达到当地城镇从业人员平均工资的40%以上。
调整最低工资标准的根本依据是A．当地经济发展水平B．当地物价水平C．当地平均工资水平D．当地城镇化水平5．某商业银行发售的一款理财产品期限为180天，认购金额在5万到10万元之间，预计到期年化收益率（即当前收益率算成年收益率）为6.20%。
2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷
2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分.其中第1～6题每题满分36分，第7～12题每题满分36分）（3分）已知全集U=R，集合，则（∁B）∩A= ．1．U2．（3分）函数的定义域是．3．（3分）若复数z满足（i为虚数单位），则z= ．4．（3分）已知sin（α+）=，α∈（﹣，0），则tanα=．5．（3分）若无穷等比数列中任意一项均等于其之后所有项的和，则其公比为．6．（3分）若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a= ．7．（3分）已知向量=（x，y）（x，y∈R），=（1，2），若x2+y2=1，则|﹣|的最小值为．8．（3分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）=log（x+1）．若2函数y=g（x）是y=f（x）的反函数，则g（﹣3）= ．9．（3分）已知 m，n，α，β∈R，m＜n，α＜β，若α，β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，则m，n，α，β四个数按从小到大的顺序是（用（x﹣m）符号“＜“连接起来）．10．（3分）已知点O，A，B，F分别为椭圆的中心、左顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点F作OB的平行线，它与椭圆C在第一象限部分交于点P，若，则实数λ的值为．11．（3分）已知x∈R，定义：A（x）表示不小于x的最小整数．如，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数x的取值范围是．12．（3分）已知点M（m，0），m＞0和抛物线C：y2=4x．过C的焦点F的直线与C交于A，B两点，若=2，且||=||，则m= ．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分12分．）13．（3分）若x∈R，则“x＞1”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件14．（3分）已知向量，则下列能使成立的一组向量是（）A．B．C．D．15．（3分）一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该程序运行后输出的值是（）A．4 B．5 C．6 D．716．（3分）已知a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，若线段l1，l2，l3，l4的长分别为a1，a2，a3，a4，则（）A．对任意的d，均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形B．对任意的d，均不存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形C．对任意的d，均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形D．对任意的d，均不存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分．）17．（12分）在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AB=AA1=4，BC=3，E，F分别是所在棱AB，BC的中点，点P是棱A1B1上的动点，联结EF，AC1．如图所示．（1）求异面直线EF，AC1所成角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）；（2）求以E，F，A，P为顶点的三棱锥的体积．18．（12分）如图，已知点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．（1）用α表示A，B两点的坐标；（2）M为x轴上异于O的点，若MA⊥MB，求点M横坐标的取值范围．19．（14分）已知函数g（x）=，x∈R，函数y=f（x）是函数y=g（x）的反函数．（1）求函数y=f（x）的解析式，并写出定义域D；（2）设h（x）=，若函数y=h（x）在区间（0，1）内的图象是不间断的光滑曲线，求证：函数y=h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）内必有唯一的零点（假设为t），且﹣1．20．（18分）（理科）定义：若各项为正实数的数列{an}满足，则称数列{an}为“算术平方根递推数列”．已知数列{xn }满足，且，点（xn+1，xn）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上．（1）试判断数列{2xn+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列？若是，请说明你的理由；（2）记yn =lg（2xn+1）（n∈N*），求证：数列{yn}是等比数列，并求出通项公式yn；（3）从数列{yn}中依据某种顺序自左至右取出其中的项，把这些项重新组成一个新数列{zn}：．若数列{zn}是首项为、公比为的无穷等比数列，且数列{zn}各项的和为，求正整数k、m的值．21．（18分）已知椭圆Γ：+=1（a＞b＞0），过原点的两条直线l1和l2分别与Γ交于点A、B和C、D，得到平行四边形ACBD．（1）当ACBD为正方形时，求该正方形的面积S；（2）若直线l1和l2关于y轴对称，Γ上任意一点P到l1和l2的距离分别为d1和d2，当d12+d22为定值时，求此时直线l1和l2的斜率及该定值．（3）当ACBD为菱形，且圆x2+y2=1内切于菱形ACBD时，求a，b满足的关系式．2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分.其中第1～6题每题满分36分，第7～12题每题满分36分）B）∩A= {x| 1．（3分）已知全集U=R，集合，则（∁U﹣1＜x≤} ．【解答】解：A={x|﹣1＜x＜1}，∁B={x|x≤}，UB）∩A={x|﹣1＜x≤}，则（∁U故答案为：{x|﹣1＜x≤}，2．（3分）函数的定义域是（1，+∞）．【解答】解：要使函数有意义，需满足解得x＞1故答案为：（1，+∞）3．（3分）若复数z满足（i为虚数单位），则z= 1+2i ．【解答】解：由，得z=1+2i．故答案为：1+2i．4．（3分）已知sin（α+）=，α∈（﹣，0），则tanα=﹣2．【解答】解：∵sin（α+）=cosα，sin（α+）=，∴cosα=，又α∈（﹣，0），∴sinα=﹣，∴tanα==﹣2．故答案为：﹣2．5．（3分）若无穷等比数列中任意一项均等于其之后所有项的和，则其公比为．【解答】解：设数列中的任意一项为a，由无穷等比数列中的每一项都等于它后面所有各项的和，得a=，即1﹣q=q∴q=．故答案为：．6．（3分）若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a= 1 ．【解答】解：作函数y=sinx在区间[π，2π]上的图象如下，，结合图象可知，若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a﹣1=0，故a=1；故答案为：1．7．（3分）已知向量=（x，y）（x，y∈R），=（1，2），若x2+y2=1，则|﹣|的最小值为﹣1 ．【解答】解：设O（0，0），P（1，2），∴|﹣|=≥||﹣1=﹣1=﹣1，∴|﹣|的最小值为﹣1（x+1）．若8．（3分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）=log2函数y=g（x）是y=f（x）的反函数，则g（﹣3）= ﹣7 ．【解答】解：∵反函数与原函数具有相同的奇偶性．∴g（﹣3）=﹣g（3），∵反函数的定义域是原函数的值域，∴log（x+1）=3，2解得：x=7，即g（3）=7，故得g（﹣3）=﹣7．故答案为：﹣7．9．（3分）已知 m，n，α，β∈R，m＜n，α＜β，若α，β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，则m，n，α，β四个数按从小到大的顺序是α＜m＜n＜β（用符号“＜“连接起来）．【解答】解：∵α、β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，∴α、β是函数y=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）与函数y=7的交点的横坐标，且m、n是函数y=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）与x轴的交点的横坐标，故由二次函数的图象可知，α＜m＜n＜β；故答案为：α＜m＜n＜β．10．（3分）已知点O，A，B，F分别为椭圆的中心、左顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点F作OB的平行线，它与椭圆C在第一象限部分交于点P，若，则实数λ的值为．【解答】解：如图，A（﹣a，0），B（0，b），F（c，0），则P（c，），∴，，由，得，即b=c，∴a2=b2+c2=2b2，．则．故答案为：．11．（3分）已知x∈R，定义：A（x）表示不小于x的最小整数．如，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数x的取值范围是（1，] ．【解答】解：当A（x）=1时，0＜x≤1，可得4＜2x≤5，得2＜x≤，矛盾，故A（x）≠1，当A（x）=2时，1＜x≤2，可得4＜4x≤5，得1＜x≤，符合题意，故A（x）=2，当A（x）=3时，2＜x≤3，可得4＜6x≤5，得＜x≤，矛盾，故A（x）≠3，由此可知，当A（x）≥4时也不合题意，故A（x）=2∴正实数x的取值范围是（1，]故答案为：（1，]12．（3分）已知点M（m，0），m＞0和抛物线C：y2=4x．过C的焦点F的直线与C交于A，B两点，若=2，且||=||，则m= ．【解答】解：由题意可知：F（1，0），由抛物线定义可知A（x1，y1），可知B（x2，y2），∵=2，可得：2（x2﹣1，y2）=（1﹣x1，﹣y1），可得y2=﹣，x2=，，解得x1=2，y1=±2．||=||，可得|m﹣1|=，解得m=．故答案为：．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分12分．）13．（3分）若x∈R，则“x＞1”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件【解答】解：由x＞1，一定能得到得到＜1，但当＜1时，不能推出x＞1 （如 x=﹣1时），故x＞1是＜1 的充分不必要条件，故选：A．14．（3分）已知向量，则下列能使成立的一组向量是（）A．B．C．D．【解答】解：作为基底不共线即可，共线，共线，不共线，共线，故选C．15．（3分）一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该程序运行后输出的值是（）A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7【解答】解：模拟执行程序框图，可得k=0，S=0满足条件S＜1000，S=1，k=1满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2=3，k=2满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2+23=11，k=3满足条件S＜1000，S=1+2+23+211，k=4不满足条件S＜1000，退出循环，输出k的值为4．故选：A．16．（3分）已知a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，若线段l1，l2，l3，l4的长分别为a1，a2，a3，a4，则（）A．对任意的d，均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形B．对任意的d，均不存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形C．对任意的d，均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形D．对任意的d，均不存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形【解答】解：A：对任意的d，假设均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形，∵a1，a 2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，∴a2+a3＞a1，a3+a1=2a2＞a2，而a1+a2﹣a3=a1﹣d不一定大于0，因此不一定存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形，故不正确；B：由A可知：当a1﹣d＞0时，存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形，因此不正确；C：对任意的d，由于a3+a4，＞a2，a2+a4=2a1+4d=a1+2d+a3＞0，a2+a3﹣a4=a1＞0，因此均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形，正确；D．由C可知不正确．故选：C．三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分．）17．（12分）在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AB=AA1=4，BC=3，E，F分别是所在棱AB，BC的中点，点P是棱A1B1上的动点，联结EF，AC1．如图所示．（1）求异面直线EF，AC1所成角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）；（2）求以E，F，A，P为顶点的三棱锥的体积．【解答】（本题满分12分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分（6分），第2小题满分（6分）．解：（1）联结AC，在长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，有AC∥EF．又∠CAC1是直角三角形ACC1的一个锐角，∴∠CAC1就是异面直线EF，AC1所成的角．由AB=AA1=4，BC=3，得AC==5．∴tan∠CAC1==，即异面直线EF，AC1所成角为arctan．（2）由题意可知，点P到底面ABCD的距离与棱AA1的长相等．∵，∴=．18．（12分）如图，已知点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．（1）用α表示A，B两点的坐标；（2）M为x轴上异于O的点，若MA⊥MB，求点M横坐标的取值范围．【解答】解：（1）点A是单位圆上一点，且位于第一象限，以x轴的正半轴为始边，OA为终边的角设为α，α∈（0，）可得A（cosα，sinα），将OA绕坐标原点逆时针旋转至OB．可得B（cos （），sin（）），即B（﹣sinα，cosα）．（2）设M（x，0），x≠0，=（cosα﹣x，sinα），=（﹣sinα﹣x，cosα）．MA⊥MB，可得（cosα﹣x）（﹣sinα﹣x）+sinαcosα=0．xsinα﹣xcosα+x2=0，可得﹣x=sinα﹣cosα=sin（）∈（﹣1，1）．综上x∈（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．点M横坐标的取值范围：（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．19．（14分）已知函数g（x）=，x∈R，函数y=f（x）是函数y=g（x）的反函数．（1）求函数y=f（x）的解析式，并写出定义域D；（2）设h（x）=，若函数y=h（x）在区间（0，1）内的图象是不间断的光滑曲线，求证：函数y=h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）内必有唯一的零点（假设为t），且﹣1．【解答】（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分（7分），第2小题满分（7分）．解：（1）∵函数g（x）==1﹣，∴g（x）∈（﹣1，1）．令y=g（x）=1﹣，则=1﹣y，即，即x=，∴f（x）=，x∈（﹣1，1）．证明：（2）由（1）可知，h（x）==﹣，x∈（﹣1，0）∪（0，1）．∵h（﹣x）+h（x）=﹣﹣+﹣=0，所以，函数h（x）是奇函数．当x∈（0，1）时，单调递减，=﹣1+单调递减，于是单调递减．因此，函数h（x）单调递减．依据奇函数的性质，可知，函数h（x）在（﹣1，0）上单调递减．又∵h（﹣）=﹣2+lg3＜0，h（﹣）=﹣+lg199＞0，所以，函数h（x）在区间（﹣1，0）上有且仅有唯一零点t，且﹣1．20．（18分）（理科）定义：若各项为正实数的数列{an}满足，则称数列{an}为“算术平方根递推数列”．已知数列{xn }满足，且，点（xn+1，xn）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上．（1）试判断数列{2xn+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列？若是，请说明你的理由；（2）记yn =lg（2xn+1）（n∈N*），求证：数列{yn}是等比数列，并求出通项公式yn；（3）从数列{yn}中依据某种顺序自左至右取出其中的项，把这些项重新组成一个新数列{zn}：．若数列{zn}是首项为、公比为的无穷等比数列，且数列{zn}各项的和为，求正整数k、m的值．【解答】解：（1）数列{2xn+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列，证明如下：∵点（xn+1，xn）在二次函数f（x）=2x2+2x的图象上，∴xn =2xn+12+2xn+1，∴2xn +1=（2xn+1+1）2，∵xn＞0，n∈N*，∴2xn+1+1=，∴数列{2xn+1}（n∈N*）是否为算术平方根递推数列；（2）∵yn =lg（2xn+1），2xn+1+1=，∴yn+1=yn，∵y1=lg（2x1+1）=1，∴数列{yn}是首项为1，公比为等比数列，∴通项公式yn=（）n﹣1（3）由题意可得数列{zn}的首项为，公比为，∴=，∴+=16，若m﹣1≥3，则+≤+＜+＜16，矛盾，∴m﹣1≤2，∵m﹣1=0或1时，+＞16，∴m﹣1=2，∴m=3，∴k=6．21．（18分）已知椭圆Γ：+=1（a＞b＞0），过原点的两条直线l1和l2分别与Γ交于点A、B和C、D，得到平行四边形ACBD．（1）当ACBD为正方形时，求该正方形的面积S；（2）若直线l1和l2关于y轴对称，Γ上任意一点P到l1和l2的距离分别为d1和d2，当d12+d22为定值时，求此时直线l1和l2的斜率及该定值．（3）当ACBD为菱形，且圆x2+y2=1内切于菱形ACBD时，求a，b满足的关系式．【解答】解：（1）∵ACBD为正方形，∴直线l1和l2的方程为y=x和y=﹣x，设点A、B的坐标为（x1，y1）、（x2，y2），解方程组，得==，由对称性可知，S=4=；（2）由题意，不妨设直线l1的方程为y=kx，则直线l2的方程为y=﹣kx，设P（x0，y），则+=1，又∵d1=，d2=，∴+=+=，将=b2（1﹣）代入上式，得+=，∵d12+d22为定值，∴k2﹣=0，即k=±，于是直线l1和l2的斜率分别为和﹣，此时+=；（3）设AC与圆x2+y2=1相切的切点坐标为（x0，y），则切线AC的方程为：x0x+yy=1，点A、C的坐标为（x1，y1）、（x2，y2）为方程组的实数解．①当x0=0或y=0时，ACBD均为正方形，椭圆均过点（1，1），于是有+=1；②当x0≠0或y≠0时，将y=（1﹣xx）代入+=1，整理得：（a2+b2）x2﹣2a2xx﹣a2（1+b2）=0，由韦达定理可知x1x2=，同理可知y1y2=，∵ACBD为菱形，∴AO⊥CO，即x1x2+y1y2=0，∴+=0，整理得：a2+b2=a2b2（+），又∵+=1，∴a2+b2=a2b2，即+=1；综上所述，a，b满足的关系式为+=1．。
2018年上海市黄浦区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2018年上海市黄浦区高考物理一模试卷一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1．（3分）下列单位中属于基本单位的是（）A．安培B．焦耳C．库仑D．牛顿2．（3分）历史上，第一个在实验室测量出万有引力恒量的科学家是（）A．卡文迪什B．哥白尼C．伽利略D．开普勒3．（3分）在电场中A点，引入不同的检验电荷，会变化的是（）A．A点的电场强度B．A点的电势C．在A点的电势能D．A点与电场中另一点间的电势差4．（3分）电梯天花板上固定一弹簧测力计，测力计下挂一重物．电梯静止时，测力计读数为50N．若电梯向下运动时，测力计读数恒为45N，则此时电梯做（）A．匀速运动B．匀加速运动C．匀减速运动D．变加速运动5．（3分）声波能绕过某一建筑物而传播，这是因为声波（）A．是纵波B．是机械波C．发生了衍射现象D．穿透力强6．（3分）一物体自空中的A点以大小为5m/s的初速度竖直向上抛出．若不计空气阻力，则该物体可能会（）A．在A下方的某位置，以3m/s的速率向下运动B．在A上方的某位置，以4m/s的速率向上运动C．在A上方的某位置，以6m/s的速率向下运动D．在A上方的某位置，以8m/s的速率向上运动7．（3分）A、B两个质点在同一直线上，t=0时从同一地点开始运动，它们的v﹣t图象如图所示，由图可知（）A．在t时刻两个质点在同一位置B．在t时刻两个质点加速度相等C．在0﹣t时间内质点B比质点A的位移大D．在0﹣t时间内两个质点的平均速度一样大8．（3分）在“用单摆测定重力加速度”的实验中，用力传感器测得摆线的拉力大小F随时间t变化的图象如图所示，已知单摆的摆长为l，则重力加速度g为（）A．B．C．D．9．（4分）如图所示，实线为电场线，虚线为一带电粒子仅在电场力作用下的运动轨迹．设A、B两点的电场强度分别为E A、E B，电势分别为φA、φB，粒子经过A、B两点时的加速度分别为a A、a B，速度分别为v A、v B．则下列判断中无法确定的是（）A．E A＞E B B．φA＞φB C．a A＞a B D．v A＞v B 10．（4分）如图，在匀强电场中，轻质绝缘细绳一端固定于地面，另一端拉住一个带电量为q、质量为m的小球，使之处于静止状态。
上海黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷(附答案)
黄浦区2018年高考模拟卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank(A)Positive thinking can help you win.Some athletes can reach great goals such as winning an Olympic gold medal．Others never live up to their promise. What kind of preparation before 25__________ race or other event makes the difference?Everyone knows that athletes spare no effort 26___________(strengthen) their bodies．But research shows that strengthening the mind may be justas important．Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly 27________ they think they can win．Thinking positive thoughts seem to give the possibility for success in sports．People who say to themselves over and over "I know I 28__________do this" often find that they have the advantage to win．On the other hand, people who think "I can't win" often fail．One procedure 29___________helps many athletes is creating pictures in their mind．They are told to think of each move they must do．Some use more fanciful pictures．One skater liked to imagine a star bursting inside her, 30___________(fill) her with energy．Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air．Next time you want to make progress, try training your mind to help you．Perhaps a teacher or other instructors can help you plan your training．If you imagine yourself doing31___________(well), you may soon see improvements in 32___________you really can do．Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!(B)Two Brithsh coloniesAustralia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than in exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 33__________ set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some 34__________things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich in soil, It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward movement took place more because the English 35__________(search) for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold36____________(discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England byrevolution while Australia won its independence without 37____________(go) to war. Australia, firstly 38___________(turn) into a colony by English prisoners ,was unlike The United States, and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Yet, 39___ ____ ____ these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one40___________(have) with most of the rest of the worldSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whenever I travel, I meet international leaders who have studied in Britain. These energetic, intelligent people chose Britain because we offer high quality higher education. This is good news for the UK. People who are educated here have a _41_tie to our country. They promote Britain around the world, helping our trade and our diplomacy. It is easier for our executives and our diplomats to do business with people _42__with Britain. Britain exports of education and training are worth some eight billion pounds a year. Money feeds into our institutions and helps our _43_ to open up opportunities for more people to study. Our young people also _44_. They gain from the doors in the world which contact with international students. We can teach, but we can also learn from others. Nowadays, we are launching a long-term strategy to strengthen the United Kingdom as a first choice for the quality of study and the quality of our _45__ to international students. This will be a UK-wide and a Government-wide effort. We are _46_ a package of measures to help encourage students from overseas to study in the UK. We will offer international students more open doors...We have the measures in place, but we are also _47_ tough targets for recruitment(招募). We want to have 25 percent of the global market share of higher education students and we want to increase the number of international students studying in Further Education institutions by 100 percent. Our aim is to _48_ these targets in 5 years. Tough targets, but deliverable. While giving these undertakings, I also want to lay down a challenge to others. To business--- I ask you to _49__ with the British Council overseas to market education. And to universities and colleges---I ask you to live up to your_50__, to professionalise your approach, to deliver a quality education to overseas students that encourages involvement and rises to the challenge of our competitors, to work as partners together.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The United States does not have a government office that regulates the film industry. Government, _51_, does link with the movie business in several ways.In the United States, films generally come from two_52__: large studios that produce many films and television programs each year and independent filmmakers, including both students and experienced filmmakers. Sometimes----through grants from universities or arts or humanities councils--independent filmmakers do receive_53_ indirectly from funding that originated with the local, state, or federal government, but more often funding comes from private investors or through charity organizations_54__ either promotion of arts or promotion of a cause being addressed by a film.While there is no_55__ of film, there are many government offices that interact with the film industry. At the state and local levels, government film offices promote local film locations because use of their local brings employment and other __56_ advantages to promote local tourist sites. These offices also help filmmakers work with the police and others to_57__ filming that impacts traffic, use public buildings, or otherwise needs special consideration._58__, government organizations, especially the branches of the military, have offices that help coordinate(协调) filmmakers’use of facilities, equipment, and even personnel. It would be_59_, for example, for a filmmaker to construct a make-believe aircraft carrier or to hire a cast of extras to be in the__60_ of a movie who look like real soldiers, sailors, airmen, or marines (whose haircuts, fitness levels, and posture are often different from that of civilian(群众) actors). The military is willing to make their facilities_61__, within reason, for approved projects, and each branch has an office that handles these requests. Other branches of the government_62__ requests to use public spaces and buildings, such as monuments or parks.Many years ago, the U.S. Government did produce quite a few feature films and worked closely with Hollywood on films that would encourage public morale during wartime. However, since World War II, these programs have been_63_ due to a combination of budgetary and philosophical concerns. The United States Information Agency,__64_, for many years produced films for exhibition to overseas audiences to complement its other educational programs. One such film, John F. Kennedy: Years of Ligthning, Day of Drums, a posthumous contribution to the president, even won the 1965 Academy Award for best documentary. This_65__, now a part of the U.S. Department of State, no longer produces such feature films.51.A.therefore B. moreover C. however D. otherwise52.A. factors B. sources C. studios D. methods53.A. criticism B. invitation C. support D.guidance54.A. regarded as pared to C. made of D.concerned with55.A. ministry B. feature C. promotion D.need56.A. educational B. economic C. enormous D. effective57.A. cooperate with B.focus on C.arrange for D.make up58.A. Hopefully B.Similarly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously59.A.flexible B.impatient C.neutral D.difficult60.A. industry B.background C.civilization D.entrance61.A.academic B.artificial C.available D.apparent62.A.address B. introduce C.receive D.propose63.A.promoted B.initiated C.eliminated D.highlighted64.A.for example B.by contrast C.in reality D.as a whole65.A.agent B.program C.director anizationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by three questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fit best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)[1] “Maybe when I’m 90 years old,I’ll get used to having everything I do taken for granted,”a young homemaker told a secret to her neighbor, “If Bill would compliment me once in a while,he’d make my life much happier.”[2] Few of us realize how much we need encouragement.Yet we must bask(沐浴于)in the warmth of approval mow and then or lose our confidence.[3] All of us need to feel needed and admired.But unless we hear words of praise from someone else,how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers?[4] Anyone who wants to improve his relationships with others need only show a sympathetic understanding.The way to express this understanding and to give others the feeling of importance and worthiness boils down to this:always kook for something in the other person you can admire and praise and tell him about it.[5] We each have a mental picture of ourselves,a self-imagine.To find life reasonably satisfying,that self-imagine must be one we can live with,one we can like.When we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves.We function at our best.When we are ashamed of our self-image,we attempt to hide it rather than express it.We become hard to get along with.[6] A miracle happens to the person whose self-pride has been raised.He suddenly likes other people better.He is kinder and more cooperative with those around him.Praise is the polish that helps keep his self-imagine bright and sparkling.[7] What has this to don with with your giving praise?A lot.You have the ability to perform that kind of miracle in another person.When you add to his self-pride,you make him want to like you and to cooperative with you.[8] In a classic bit of advice,Lord Chesterfield suggested to his son that he should follow the example of the Duke de Nivernoise ：“You will recognize that he makes people pleased with him by making them first pleased with themselves.”[9] The effects of Praise can be great indeed.A new minister called to a church whose members were jokingly referred to as “a refrigerator ”by other ministers decided against criticizing his people for their coolness toward strangers. Instead,he began welcoming visitors and telling them how friendly the members of the church were.Things gradually changed.“Praise transformed the ice-cube members into warmhearted human beings,”he said.66.From paragraph [1] and [2] we can learn that _______ .A.the young homemaker had a thirst for Bill’s praiseB.the neighbor reminded Bill to compliment the homemakerC.it is well-known that we all need encouragement very muchD.getting other people’s approval leads to losing self-confidence67.According to the passage,we become difficult to get on with probably because _______ .A.we want to show our self-imageB.we are not satisfied with our self-imageC.a miracle happens to other peopleD.we are ashamed of being praised68.The example in paragraph [8] tell us that _______ .A.Lord Chesterfield advised his son to praise the Duke de NivernoiseB.the Duke de Nivernoise made Lord Chesterfield pleased with his sonC.praising other people will help win other people’s complimentD.receiving words of praise should go before praising other people69.I n paragraph [9] , “a refrigerator ”was quoted probably because _______ .A.it was always freezing cold in the churchB.the new minister criticized his people coollyC.the church took the shape of a refrigeratorD.the members of the church were unfriendly to strangers(B)EXPERT WORKSHOPSEach hour-long workshop run twice;participate in any two of three.MONDAY, 13：00—14：00/ 14：00—15：00PLANET MONDEYAdam Davidson & Alex Blumberg , Co-Founders and House of NPR’s PlanetMoney(Ballroom A)The World Behind Your T-shirtExplore the global economy through the lens of an item you wear every day—the T-shirt.We”ll follow the journey of a typical T-shirt around the world as it is produced and sold.During the journey we”ll travel across more than 20,000 miles over four continents and go through every stage of the process,from coming up with a design to assembling mock T-shirts in a simulated garment factory.Get ready!DoSomething .orgApril Wright,Director,International ProgramsJanice Tsai ,International Associate(Ballroom B)10 Social Change Ways Make You a BallerThis session will expose the myth that being a social changemaker makes you a self-important ahiever.Instead, we”ll highlight the 10 ways being a social changermaker which will make you probably a baller.How ?We”ll share real examples of young people across the globe that are making a difference —big and small—in their communities.EdenWorksIrving Steel,International Liaison Officers ,TCS Education System and Advisor at Edenworks Wang Zongying,Executive Director of the Women’s CEO Network of ChinaPatrick Woock,Co-Founder of the the International Entrepreneur InstituteIs Aquaponics the Future of Food?Welcome to the future of the food!Aquaponics responds to the growing need for sustainable methods of food production by taking two practices,pairing the production of the fish and plants together and connecting them through an eco-system to create environmental efficiency ; Aquaponics uses only 10 percent of water compared to traditional agriculture and yields 2-3 times the amount of food,without the use of chemicals and pesticides(农药).The U.S. and China use roughly half of all chemical fertilizer in the world for food production.Imagine the possibilities.70.Each expert workshop _______ .A.runs only once on Monday afternoonsts about two or three hours a timeC.is hosted by two experts in different fieldsD.is held in a separate ballroom71.The workshop in Ballroom A is aimed to help the participants _______ .A.study the global economy through the lens of the T-shirtB.start the journey of a typical factory around the worldC.meet the people that make the clothes which we wearD.go through every stage of assembling mock T-shirts72.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the workshop in Ballroom B?A.April Wright and Janice Tsai will host the workshop.B.This workshop will expose the myth of a social changemaker.C.The hosts will share some real examples of young people over the world.D.You’ll learn about some big and small differences made in some communities.73.“Aquaponics”mentioned in the last workshop probably refers to _______ .A.the importance of future foodB.a traditional agriculture methodC.an eco-system for food productionD.a test on chemicals and pesticides（C）The late 1980s found the landscape of popular music in America dominated by a distinctive style of rock and roll known as glam rock or hair metal—so called because of the over-styled hair, makeup, and clothes worn by the style’s shining rockers. Bands like Poison, Whitesnake, and Motley Crue popularized glam rock with their power songs and flashy style, but the product had worn thin by the early 1990s. Just as superficial as the 80s, glam rockers were shallow, short on substance, and musically inferior.In 1991, a Seattle-based band called Nirvana shocked the corporate music industry with the release of its first single,“Smells Like Teen Spirit,”which quickly became a huge hit all over the world. Nirvana had simply mainstreamed a sound and culture that got its start years before with bands like Mudhoney, Soundgarden, and Green River. Grunge（垃圾）rockers derived their fashionsense from the youth culture of the Pacific Northwest: a mixing of Punk rock style and outdoors clothing like heavy boots, worn out jeans, and so on. At the height of the movement’s opportunity, when other Seattle bands like Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains were becoming popular, the trappings of grunge were working their way to the height of American fashion. Like the music, the teenagers were fast to accept the grunge fashion because it represented rebellion against shallow pop culture.The popularity of grunge music was momentary; by the mid-to late-1990s, its influence upon American culture had all but disappeared, and most of its recognizable bands were nowhere to be seen to the charts. The heavy sound and themes of grunge were replaced on the radio waves by boy bands like the Backstreet Boys, and the bubblegum pop of Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.There are many reasons why the Seattle sound faded out of the mainstream as quickly as it rocketed to distinction, but the most glaring reason lies at the rebellion, anti-establishment heart of the grunge movement itself. It is very hard to resist the trend when you are the one setting it, and many of the grunge bands were never comfortable with the fame that was brought to them. Eventually, the simple fact that many grunge bands were so against mainstream rock stardom（明星地位）took the movement back to where it started: underground. The fickle American mainstream public, as quick as they were to hop on to the grunge bandwagon, were just as quick to hop off and move on to something else.74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A. The landscape of popular music was dominated by rock and roll from 1980.B. The rock and roll formed a distinctive style just because of the over-styled hair.C. Glam rock became popular with the help of Poison, Whitesnake and BritneySpears.D. Glam rockers were shallow, short on substance, and their music was humble.75. It was not long before teenagers welcomed grunge fashion because________.A. it would represent the youth cultureB. grunge rockers told them to accept itC. they were tired of Glam Rock fashionD. it resisted the shallowness of pop culture76. What is the difference between glam rock and grunge rock?A. Glam rock was flashier, while grunge rock was rebellious.B. Glam rock appealed to teenagers, while grunge rock appealed to adults.C. Glam rock faded quickly, while grunge rock is still popular.D. Glam rock was more commercially successful than grunge rock.77. What is the writer trying to document in this passage?A. The popularity of glam rock.B. Nirvana’s role in popularizing grunge rock.C. The rise and fall of grunge rock.D. The reasons why young people loved grunge rock.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By the mid-19th century most of Europe was in the first stage of the demographic（人口的）transition. Death rate had decreased, as wars, famines（饥荒）and diseases had; local foodshortages were rarer, thanks to better economic organization and transport; public health, medical care and the control of infectious diseases had improved. The population increased rapidly, as Malthus had predicted. Between 1800 and 1900 Europe’s population doubled, to over 400 million, whereas that of Asia, further behind in the demographic transition, increased by less than 50%, to about 950Million.But something else was happening there that would have taken Malthus by surprise: as people came to expect to live longer, and better, they started to have fewer children. They realized they no longer needed several babies just to ensure that two or three would survive. And as they moved from country to town, they also found that children were no longer an economic property that could be set to work at an early age, but a responsibility to be fed, housed and (some of them)educated, for years. Worse, with too many children, a mother would find it hard to take and keep a job, to add to the family income. Nor were the young any longer a guarantee against a poor old age: in the new industrial society, they were likelier to go their own way.Thanks to Europe’s newborn limitation, in the past 100 years or so its population has risen only 80%, to 730 million, and most countries’birth rate is now so low that numbers are unchanging or falling. But their composition is very different from the past: better living standards, health condition and medical treatment are multiplying old heads, even as the number of young ones shrinks.In contrast, Asia’s population over the same time has nearly increased four times, to more than 3.6 billion. North America’s too has grown almost as fast, but largely thanks to immigration. Africa’s has multiplied 5 times, and Latin America’s nearly sevenfold.Why these differences? From around 1950, death rate in developing countries also began to fall, and much faster than it ever had in Europe. The knowledge about how to avoid premature death of small children travelled so readily that life expectancy in many poor countries is now not far behind the rich world’s. But the attitudes and values that persuade people to have fewer children are taking longer to adjust.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. What prediction did Malthus make?79.Give one reason to explain why people started to have fewer children according to paragraph 2.80. Besides medical treatment, __________are the other two factors that contribute to the increasing number of old people.81.Why has the population in developing countries increased faster than it has in Europe in the last century?Translation:Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 82.这个协议将为两国的合作铺平道路。
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2018年黄浦区高三一模语文试题一、积累运用10分1．按要求填空。
（5分）（1），其可怪也欤！（韩愈《师说》）（2）黄庭坚《登快阁》中“，”两句运用典故，表达作者不与世俗同流合污的超脱和孤傲情怀。
（3）“明月几时有？”（苏轼《·明月几时有》）两句诗化用了李白《把酒问月》中的句子：“青天有月来几时？我今停杯一问之。
”2．按要求选择。
（5分）（1）“11.11”购物节小红总是买得停不下来，妈妈想用一句话点醒她，以下句子不合适的一项是（）（2分）A．由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。
B．博观而约取，厚积而薄发。
C．省吃餐餐有，省穿日日新。
D．黄金本无种，出自勤俭家。
（2）依次填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）孔子重辞命，他觉得这不是一件容易的事，，。
他称赞宰我、子贡擅长言语，。
辞多指说出来的言语，命多指写出的言语。
（1）言语就是辞命（2）但他教学生却有这一科（3）所以谦虚地说自己很难办到了A．（2）（1）（3）B．（1）（3）（2）C．（3）（2）（1）D．（3）（1）（2）二、阅读70分分）16（题。
7—3（一）阅读下文，完成第文学的自尊陈占敏①21世纪的小说，招数迭出，花样翻新，小说家们施出了浑身解数，要夺回日益失去的小说读者，中外小说家莫不如此。
可是招数变来变去，花样翻来翻去，细看来不过还是那么几招，要么以新奇取胜，要么以刺激夺人，或者在情节内容上，或者在技术手法上。
像石黑一雄那样，从容平静地写来，不玩招数，不弄玄虚，只是笔笔落实，平实展开，需要什么样的勇气啊！这考验的不仅仅是作家的才华和功力，还有作家的自信和自尊。
②是的，很少有作家像石黑一雄那样，着力于表现人的自尊了。
他最著名的长篇小说《长日留痕》（又译《残日》），写一个管家的自尊。
从人物设置上，石黑一雄就为自己构筑了一个巨大的困难需要去克服。
管家的身份，决定了要写出那份自尊是多么困难。
父亲——管家，在司机刚好休假的时候，被招来开车，陪两位绅士外出。
闲极无聊，两位绅士对车外出现的风景感到了腻烦，开始对父亲的“错误”肆无忌惮地嘲弄，以此来取乐。
父亲恰如其分地既维护着个人尊严，又准备听任调遣地驾着车。
两位绅．．．．士在对父亲口出恶言、极尽凌辱之事感到疲倦时，又开始议论攻击他们的东道主，也就是父亲的雇主，言词愈来愈低贱阴险。
父亲忍无可忍，猛然刹住车，打开车后门，在离车门一两步远的地方站定，两眼紧紧地盯着车内。
就这样过了一会儿，一位绅士问，我们不再继续旅行了吗？父亲不予回答，只是继续静静地站在那里。
终于，一位绅士表示，他们刚才的谈话的确有点鲁莽，这再也不会发生了。
就是这样，没有剑拔弩张，没有急风暴雨，没有咆哮，一切都是静静地进行，静静地较劲，连空气都是静静的；可是，就是在这样的平静中，蕴蓄着极大的张力，像一张弓拉满了，紧紧地绷着，“引而不发，跃如也”。
③对人的自尊的关注，贯穿着石黑一雄的大部分作品。
这定然与石黑一雄的出身经历有关吧。
他生于日本长崎，5岁时随父亲到英国定居。
他的出生地，那块遭受过原子弹袭击的土地，在他稚幼的心灵中会不会留下伤痕？他需要怎样保持着一个外来人的自尊，才能够在异乡的土地上立足成长？石黑一雄的另一部长篇《远山淡影》里，要搬家随母亲远行的万里子，一定要带上她那些小猫，她一再申明自己的想法：“你说过我可以留着它们”，“可是你说过我可以留着它们”……就这样一再重复，一再申说。
你可以说这是固执，这是执拗，可是这种固执、执拗，维护的又何尝不是一份自尊呢？石黑一雄似乎是在用同样的笔法，表现自尊。
那种稍稍有点变化的重复的人物语言，是强调也是捍卫，执着地捍卫着人．．．．．的自尊。
当人固守一端的时候，还需要不断地变换什么花样吗？只有自信也是自尊的作家，才敢于这样平实地不动手段地陈述。
④石黑一雄太自信了，他自信得从容不迫，自信得旁若无人，他相信单凭从从容容的波澜不惊的叙述，就能达到好小说的极致。
当然，他这样写法，会把追求热闹新奇的读者排斥掉，为他着迷的是另一部分有耐心、有修养、不浮不躁的读者。
他这样写小说，回归的是文学本质：文学，这种以语言文字为载体的形式，它的美感，就是要靠静静的阅读才能获得的，而不是依赖刺激，不管是情节编造的刺激，还是手法玩弄的刺激。
《长日留痕》中有一段文字，也许可以帮助我们理解石黑一雄小说的美学追求：“正是因为缺乏一目了然的刺激，或者奇观，才使我们的国土美丽得超凡脱俗。
也正是那种静静的美丽，以及它显示出的那种严谨的感觉才是最贴切的。
这片土地似乎了解自身的美丽所在，亦知道自身的宏大，它才感到无需去招摇。
相对而言，在诸如非洲、美洲那样的地方所呈现的种种风情，毫无疑问会让人非常激动，然而我却肯定，由于那类风情过于不恰当地外露，反而会给实事求是的评论家留下稍逊一筹的印象。
”这哪里是在说国土说景观呢？它分明就是在说小说，说文学。
⑤可惜的是，实事求是的评论家太少，所以，那类“风情不恰当地外露”的作品得到了更多的喝彩，那种不招摇的缺乏一目了然刺激的作品遭到了冷遇。
对作家的考验于焉而至：你能够自信自己的宏大、．超凡脱俗，一如既往地写下去吗？小说的自尊，文学的自尊，作家的自尊，需要坚定地捍卫了。
3．对第②段加点的“恰如其分”的理解错误的一项是（）。
（2分）A．因为自己的“错误”，所以父亲准备听任调遣地驾车。
B．当自己的雇主被议论攻击，父亲忍无可忍，准备反抗。
C．父亲猛然刹住车，在车门近处站定，两眼紧紧盯车内。
D．父亲只是静静地站在那里，直到绅士承认他们的错误。
4．第③段加点的“同样的笔法”指的是。
（2分）5．第③段画线处问句的作用是。
（3分）6．第④段引用《长日留痕》中的文字，用来证明好小说不招摇不追求刺激的观点。
请具体分析这一材料是如何证明观点的。
（5分）7．诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词说石黑一雄的小说“具有强大的情感力量”。
从本文看，这种“强大的情感力量”有哪些方面表现？请加以概括。
（4分）（二）阅读下文，完成第8—11题。
（15分）鸣沙山听沙张抗抗①鸣沙山，我又来了，来看你。
扎入沙漠光阴如同一条内陆河，还是二十世纪九十年代初。
②时光已过去多久了？上一次来敦煌，腹地消失无踪。
二十五年倏忽而过，人已两鬓微白，而鸣沙山，你的沙依旧、你的山依然。
《后汉书·?郡国志》引南朝《耆旧记》云：敦煌“山有鸣沙之异，水有悬泉之神”。
西汉时有鸣沙山好似演奏钟鼓管弦音乐的记载。
《旧唐书·地理志》载鸣沙山“天气晴朗时，沙鸣闻于城内”。
鸣沙山，莫非你是一座音乐之城？鸣沙当歌，鸣沙似泣。
③鸣沙山，我不是来看你，而是来听你。
④那么多年里，我的耳边总是流淌着沙子的鸣响——它们不是河流的汩汩声、也不是海浪的哗哗声、更不是瀑布的轰隆声。
它或如沙漏一般细密悄然，或像一股巨大的泥石流兀然生成，从高处倾泻而下摧枯拉朽，沙声低沉而凄厉，缓慢而尖锐，在瞬间覆盖了摧毁了一切。
那个声音多年来始终在我耳边挥之不去。
⑤二十五年前，千里河西陇上之行的最后一站——敦煌。
去敦煌是为了莫高窟，那座佛教艺术的殿堂。
瞻仰千年的洞穴遗存的壁画雕像，是一次朝圣之旅。
但心里另有所念，心心念念的，是茫茫大漠中这座神奇的鸣沙山。
我站在山脚下，血红的夕阳隐去山后，天空纯金一般烁亮，眼前一片混沌的金黄。
鸣沙山被天边的余光勾勒出完美的线条，如同一座巨大的金字塔，在暮色中静静蹲伏。
天低了地窄了，原野消失，大海沉没，惟有这凝固的沙山，如同宇宙洪荒时代的一座巨型雕塑群，矗立于塔什拉玛干沙漠。
多少个世纪，沙子在风中低声祈祷、或在风中激昂呼号。
沙漠缺水但不缺风，狂风暴风寒风，一年四季都在大漠巡回。
鸣沙山，你是一座山，却也不是。
你本是连绵的沙丘，和大漠连在一起。
但你从沙漠中站起来了，你是站立的沙漠。
此后的漫长岁月，莫高窟在你敦厚的胸腔里逐年孕育而成。
⑥然而，此刻的沙山，四下静默悄然无声，鸣沙山固执地保持沉默。
我听不见沙鸣。
我随同伴们一起纵身跃入沙海，双手代桨，挂在陡峭的沙坡上，连滚带爬地往下溜。
一时间，前前后后人影憧憧，像一座座移动的小沙丘。
就在下滑的那一刻，我似乎听见身下传来微弱的响声，窸窸窣窣，嗡嗡嘤嘤，难道这就是鸣沙么？我俯身侧耳，聆听细辨，听到的仿佛一种如泣如诉的呻吟……我一时不由思维停滞感官笨拙，身子顿时悬停在沙坡的中段。
当我不由自主地溜到了沙山脚下，那个声音消失了，就像一个乐章末尾骤然中止的休止符，连震荡的余音都没有。
月夜已有了寒意，月色迷茫，大漠寂寂，静谧的山谷中，万籁无声。
⑦我惊异我惶惑，鸣沙山，我听不懂你。
我沮丧地坐在沙地上清理鞋子里的沙子。
很快，每个人脚下都倒出了一小堆沙子。
是的，每一个游客无论滑到山脚还是步行到山下，都在无意中削裹下一层沙子。
沙子既会歌唱，也能怒吼。
那不是琴弦不是妙音，而是“人马践之”的沙子发出的呼喊，是沙子的尖叫和抗议。
我虽然没有听见如雷的鸣沙，但不等于这世上没有沙鸣。
⑧鸣沙山，这一刻，我似乎听懂了你。
但我仍然不明白，鸣沙山为何拥有如此强大的自我复原功能？有人说，那是因为风——是风之手，将沙子一一驱赶回它们原来的位置。
每夜每夜，风都在沙山重复着同一游戏，乐此不疲。
风相信散沙可以任意塑造，当风成为沙子的需要时，沙子就会自己跳跃走动并手舞足蹈。
这强悍的粗暴的风，是世上最具破坏力的自然力量，也是一种强效黏合剂。
⑨是的，是风。
可是，为什么别处的风没有这般神力，为什么偏偏在敦煌？在鸣沙山？告别敦煌那一日，在机场偶遇一位甘肃朋友，闲谈时我说起了关于鸣沙山的疑问。
他解答说，他恰好对此有过一番研究：由于鸣沙山特殊的地理位置，日间蒸腾的气流在夜间下沉，便生成了小股冷风涡流，来自东南、西南、西北三个方面的风，沿着这一带沙丘的坡地顺势而下，在鸣沙山的谷地交汇。
风与风的角逐形成了气旋，气旋像一把巨大的熨斗，来回来去地摩挲，一夜之间，便将鸣沙山“人马践之”的踪迹一一抚平，抹去了沙山的每一道伤痕。
所以，鸣沙山每天都是新的……我恍然大悟却又越发迷茫！风能够把以往的一切全都删除，风过之处，真的就像什么都没发生过一样么？⑩鸣沙山，你在说什么？我听不懂。
8．联系上下文分析第④段的作用。
（3分）9．第⑤段写鸣沙山却多次提到莫高窟，分析这样写的用意。
（3分）10．赏析文中三处画线句在构思上的表达效果。
（5分）11．评析本文所表现的思想情感的意义。
（4分）（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第 12—14 题。
（8 分）①八声甘州·寄参寥子苏轼俯仰昔人非。
几度斜晖？不用思量今古，问钱塘江上，西兴浦口，有情风万里卷潮来，无情送潮归。
谁似东坡老，白首忘机。
②记取西湖西畔，正春山好处，空翠烟霏。
算诗人相得，如我与君稀。
约它年、东还海道，愿谢公雅志莫相违。
西州路，不应回首，为我沾衣。
年，苏轼应召赴【注】①参寥子：即僧人道潜，字参寥，精通佛典，工诗，苏轼与之交厚。