上海中考英语语法重点整理
上海市初中英语语法汇总
Chapter1词类和词类转换1.1词的分类n. pron. adj. num. v. adv. art. prep. conj. interj.1.2词类转换1.派生词（词根+词缀）2.兼类词（词形不变，多个词性）3.合成词(一般由两个或两个以上的词合成)Chapter2名词2.1名词的数1.名词复数的构成（规则变化、不规则变化）2.惯用单数或复数的名词如sports meet，take notes等2.2可数名词与不可数名词1.可数名词量的表示基数词+可数名词，如twenty cups；可数名词可与（a）few,many,a large/small number of,some等连用表示不定数量。
2.以复数形式出现的名词量的表示如a pair of shoes.3.不可数名词量的表示如a piece of news.2.3能兼用作可数与不可数名词的物质名词如sheep，ice cream等.2.4同一名词用作可数与不可数名词时的意义差别如change(零钱、变化).2.5名词所有格1.名词所有格的构成2.- ’s所有格的主要用法3.of结构表示的所有关系Of+名词，如the end of the term.4.双重所有格Of+名词所有格，如a friend of Mr.White’s =one of Mr. White’s friends.Chapter3代词3.1人称代词1.人称代词主格与宾格形式2.人称代词的用法3.it的用法（1）it作代词代替上文中提到的无生命的事物或幼儿、动物。
（2）作“这、那”解，指心目中的人。
（3）作无人称动词的主语，表示时间、天气和距离。
（4）作先行词，引导非谓语动词如动词不定式。
3.2物主代词1.物主代词形式物主代词分为形容词性和名词性。
2.物主代词的用法3.3反身代词1.反身代词形式2.反身代词的用法3.4指示代词1.指示代词的形式2.指示代词的用法3.5相互代词each other, one another 3.6疑问代词1.who，what2.who，which3.what，which4.whose5.whom3.7不定代词1.one（s）2.some,any3.something,anything,nothing,everything4.someone/-body;anyone/-body;no one/-body;everyone/-body5.anyone/anybody,any(one)of6.on one/nobody,none,nothing7.everyone/everybody,every (one) of,each(one)of8.one,everyone9.both,all10.either,any11.neither,none12.another,other(s)13.(a)few,(a)little14.many,much15.most3.8代词与其他词类的搭配1.不定代词用作形容词与其他词类的搭配(1)all/both+the或物主代词。
上海市初中英语语法和知识点
上海市初中英语语法和知识点一、词性1.名词：表示人、物、地方、抽象概念等。
例：book（书）、dog（狗）、city（城市）、happiness（幸福）2.代词：用来替代名词，起到代替、指代的作用。
例：he（他）、she（她）、it（它）、they（他们/她们）3.形容词：修饰名词或代词，用来描述人、物的特征、状态等。
例：good（好的）、beautiful（美丽的）、blue（蓝色的）4.副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
例：quickly（快速地）、very（非常）、here（这里）5.动词：表示动作或状态的词。
例：run（跑）、eat（吃）、be（是）6.连词：连接词组、短语或句子的词。
例：and（和）、but（但是）、because（因为）7.冠词：用于确定名词的词语。
例：a（一个）、an（一）、the（定冠词）8.介词：用来表示位置、方向、手段、方式等。
例：in（在……内）、on（在……上）、with（用）9.数词：用来表示数量或顺序。
例：one（一）、two（二）、first（第一）二、句子结构1.主谓结构：句子的基本结构是主语+谓语动词。
例：He eats an apple.（他吃一个苹果。
）2.主谓宾结构：句子的基本结构是主语+动词+宾语。
例：I like dogs.（我喜欢狗。
）3.主系表结构：句子的基本结构是主语+系动词+表语。
例：She is beautiful.（她很漂亮。
）4.宾语从句：一个句子作为宾语出现在另一个句子中。
例：I know that he is a student.（我知道他是一个学生。
）5.定语从句：用来描述或修饰名词的句子。
例：The book that I borrowed is interesting.（我借的那本书很有趣。
）6.状语从句：用来描述或修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子。
例：He sings when he is happy.（他在快乐时唱歌。
上海市中考英语复习连词详细整理
中考英语语法专题:连词A. since 自从；既然（=now that）Since you know the truth, there’s no need to hide it anymore.Since I met you, my life has changed for the better.Now that you are not interested, I won’t force you.翻译：既然你犯了错误，你就应该道歉。
______________________________________________________________________________B. as 因为；当…时候As it was getting dark, we hurried home.As she was leaving, she turned and waved goodbye.翻译：当我在公园散步时，我看到了一只鸟从树上飞走。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 因为她累了，所以她很早就上床睡觉了。
_______________________________________________________________________________C. for 因为I couldn’t attend the meeting for I was ill.The ground is wet all over for it rained heavily last night.翻译：她肯定匆忙出发了，因为门忘了锁。
_______________________________________________________________________________D. so that 为了（表示目的=in order that从句或in order to do）I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.I got up early in order to catch the first bus.翻译: 她努力学习为了能通过考试。
上海中考英语语法
Ⅲ、反身代词作同位语，以加强语气，如：
I saw the girl herself. 我看到那个女孩子本人了。
Ⅳ、反身代词作表语，表示身体“正常”，如：
She is not quite herself today. 她今天不舒服。
Ⅴ、by oneself 独立，靠自己
例题：
1、I’m afraid all of you have to work out the problem by _______.
My idea is quite different from hers. = My idea is quite different from her idea. 我的观点和她的不一样。 （4）、名词性物主代词可用在 of 后面构成 of 短语，在句子中作定语，相当于“of+名词所有 格”，表示部分概念或者有一定的感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 例题：
1、Our school sports meeting is usually held _______ November.
A. at
B. for
C. on
D. inቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2、It is reported that a powerful typhoon hit the Philippines ________ November, 2013
1、I don’t think this is Diana’s pet dog. _______ is dark brown.
A. She
B. Her
C. Hers
D. Herself
2、The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but ________ is big and modern.
上海中考语法重点难点
名词
• 不可数名词，前面的 量词是可数的 3 pieces of information/news
• a few/ few +可数 a little/little +不可数 • amount of +不可数 number of +可数
状语从句
• 1. while 通常表示前后两个动作的对比关系，前 后一般用进行时态
• 2.since +时间点，for +时间段，现在完成时态 • 3.by the time 过去完成时标志 • 4.so that=in order to 为了 • 5.so....that not= too to 太。。。以至于不能 • 6. as long as 只要 • 7. as.....as 中间不可以加比较级和最高级 • 8. not as(so)....as • 9. although= even if =even though althought 不
动名词
• 1.句子里已经有动词，需要动名词
• 2. enjoy/ look forward to/be fond of/ mind/practice/keep/finish/consider/repeat/ deny/delay=put off /imagine/spend/waste/have difficulty/be worth/be busy/keep sb/stop sb from/prevent sb from/所有的介词+doing
系动词
• be/feel/smell/turn/taste/sound+adj • a sick boy= the boy is ill • well 做形容词，只能解释为身体好 feel
上海初三英语知识点
上海初三英语知识点一、动词不定式1. 构成：动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。
2. 用法：a) 作主语：动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.b) 作宾语：后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree，ask，choose，decide，forget，hope，learn，want，wish，would like等。
如：We hope to get there before dark.c) 作宾语补足语：有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同。
如：remember to do（记住要做某事）；remember doing（记得曾经做过某事）；forget to do （忘记要做某事）。
二、感官动词1. 五个感官动词：look，sound，taste，smell，feel。
2. 用法：感官动词后接形容词，如：The music sounds good.三、变化动词1. 变得：become，get，grow，turn等。
2. 不变：stay，remain，keep等。
四、代词1. 单数：both，either，neither，all，every，none等。
2. 复数：yours，ours，theirs等。
五、情态动词1. 可能性：can，may，might，could等。
2. 能力：can，be able to等。
3. 允许：can，may等。
4. 建议：can，may，could等。
六、疑问词1. 常用疑问词：what，how，why，where，when，who，which等。
2. 特殊疑问词：how often，how soon，how long，how much等。
七、时态1. 一般现在时：表示习惯动作或现在事实。
2. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或事实。
3. 一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或事实。
上海中考英语各语法点考点归纳
冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。
上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳修订稿
上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是 the United Sates 要加 the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winterMonday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, ) 分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on一天的早上、下词On Christmas二、地点介词三、短语中固定care for, based the key to the d 四、方式介词by bus, by train write with a pen 五、表示形容词of/ among + 代John was the fir一、人称代词1.顺序：单数：John sits amongA. Mary…you2.主格宾格：主The journalist iI show_______3. 名词性物主代The cinema in o them,. their, the Mum, have youa friend of mine/ his/ my father’sI ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learn…by oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______ it________不定代词other, others, another, the othersSome…._______ One…_________another + 可数名词的单数固定词组一个接着一个 _________________Will you please show me _________ one?Have _______ try, and you’ll succeed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary, neither______, both______, all_______, none________The report says __________ of the two countries in Asia supports the war.After you get off the bus, you can take ________ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides, a few, little, a littleIt’s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _______ words.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much数词1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and 3653、序数词的拼写One_______ , two__________, three_________ Four________, five________,eight_________, twelve________, nine_______, twenty_________, twenty-one_____________5.分数1/2____________ 2/3__________, 3/ 4_________, 3/5_________ 6、百分比 37、日期表达two hours and a a ten-year-old He is over fifty It’s ten minutes1. 变复数potato______ to 他加es)boy______ toy beach________ life, thief ,leaf, 2. 可数名词与不many children a few books some boysa couple of day 修饰可数名词的修饰不可数名词既修饰可数名词3. 名词所有格my father’s frie1、形容词的用1）系动词后做2）在名词前作定语 It’s a funny comedy3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bob’s mother excited.You’d better keep the window open.2、副词的用法：1）修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.2）修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.3）修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _________ at night. (pretty)He looks a little __________(happy)4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late5、as…as not as/ so…as句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as ___________ as usual.A. most carefullyB. more carefulC. carefulD. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级主语+谓语， the 比较级主语+谓语，The earlier…, the better…the fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better疑问词How far (ten minutes’ walk)How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How many (two) How much (tw 1. He went to th ______ ____ 2. We have a cl ______ ____ 3. This sign me ______ ____ 4. London held ______ did L 5. The students ______ ____连系动词:动词 2.感官动3.表示变化的:持的：keep, sta情态动词:May I watch TV Must I do the w may be 可能You needn’t he1. We ___A) may B2. A: ______ I B: No, you nA) May B3. My motA) must B 使役动词：ma 动词的时态和语一般现在时主1、表示现在经usually ,so2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般过去时主语+did1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、过去习惯性动作 used to do一般将来时 will/ shall do1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；there is going to be3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave, leave forI’m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Jane’s grandma ________ with some aged people.A. dancesB. dancedC. is dancingD. was dancing过去进行时 was/ were + doing常用时间状语 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时 have/ has + done1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already & yeI have already rI _____ read th3. since&forI have learned EI have learned E4. 延续性动词和Ｉ______ this b A. have bought 现在完成时 h 1.表示过去的过school2. 用于主句为一He told me that 被动语态：1.构成：be+及2. 时态的变化主一般现在时 am 现在完成时 h 情态动词sh3. 先划出句子的Jane wrote seve Several articles ————2. wr articles , 因此是非谓语动词1—1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike3. 表语 My father’ s job is to make sick people better.4. 定语 We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I don’t know what I can do nextI don’t know _____ ______ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to一感feel，二听listen to, hear，三让make, let, have，四看see, watch, notice, observe 非谓语动词2——动名词1. 主语 Smoking isn’t allowed in public places2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps4. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑问句1、划出句子中的谓语部分You could hardly believe the news,____ _____?情态动词有： can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost，set, cut, put, set, fit, read, spreadThe bad news spread fast, ____ _____?3、有些词表示否定的意思little, never, sel4、判断现在完He has a little o Jack has never5、反意部分只么。
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中考语法整理be busy doing sth.例题：Look! This new couple are busy _________ their new flat.A. decoratingB. to decorateC. decoratesD. decorate2．tell sb to do sth.例题：He told Laura to take care of ___________. Don’t be too busy.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself例题：Father often tells Tom ___________ too much time playing video games.A) don't spend B) to not spend C) not to spend D)doesn't spend3．keep/make sth. + adj.例题The head teacher asked all the students to help keep the school _______..A. cleanly B. clean C. clear D. clearly例题Let's do something together to keep our Earth ___________. (save)4. find it + adj. to do sth.例题The old man at th6 bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.A) get up B) get on C) get off D) get along5. It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.It is important for us to ___________ our friendship. (strong)It's ___________ for a boy of four to work out such a difficult problem. (possible)6.so … that…The girl was so ___________ that she hid herself behind the door. (frighten)7.some…..some 句型一些。
另一些。
例题We can see many old people on the playground every morning. Some are miming and ____________ are dancing,A) other B) the other C) others D) the others8．Sth looks +adj 看起来怎么样。
例题The comic strip looks very ____________ and is warmly welcomed by children.A) nicely B) widely C) beautifully D) lovely9．Prefer A to B / prefer to doing A to doing BBecause of the rain, I prefer ____________ at home to ____________.A) staying...hiking B) stay...hiking C) stay...hike D) staying...hike10．四个花费sb. spend some time/some money on sth. / (in) doing sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth.It cost sb. some money to do sth. / sth. cost sb. some moneysb pays some money for sth.例题一Tom purchased a new MP5 last week. it ____________ him nearly 600 yuan.A) paid B) spent C) used D) cost例题二vThe cell phone ____________ him￥2000 and he likes it very much.A) cost B) spent C) paid D) took11．need to do sthneed do sthYou ____________ worry about difficulties. We will all help you.A) needn't B) needn't to C) don't need D) not need12. what+ a/an+ 形容词+名词How +形容词+a/an +名词例题一__________ beautiful car you have boughs!A) What B) What a C) What an D) How例题二___________ great advice our class teacher has given!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a13．Seem +adj 或者It seems to sb. that例题The food is delicious at this hotel, but the service seems ___________.A. goodB. wellC. poorD. poorly14．V+doing 句型Practise/enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on + doing sth.例题Lily is eager to become a famous musician one day, so she practises ___________ the piano every day.A. playsB. playC. to playD. playing15.since 句型例题一Macao ___________ great progress since it returned to China in 1999.A. madeB. makesC. has madeD. was made例题二People ___________ the virus of H1NI since the early of last year.A) studied B) have studied C) will study D) had studied16．Teach sb sthProfessor White will teach ___________ geography next term.A) us B) we C) ours D) ourselves17．used to do sth. / be (get) used to sth./doing sth.例题一I ___________ watch TV a lot, but now I surf the Internet all day long.A) use B) am used to C) use to D) used to例题二As we all know, wood and stones ____________ bridges in many countries.A) used to build B) used to buildingC) are used to build D) are used to building18．If引导的时间状语从句例题一He will pick you up for dinner if he ___________ his work before six o'clock.A) finish B) will finish C) finished D) finishes例题二If it ____________ tomorrow, we won't go on a trip to Shanghai Wild Animal Park.A) rains B) rain C) will rain D) raining19．had better (not) do sth.例题一You'd better ___________ late next time. You can leave a bit earlier.A) be not B) don't be C) not to be D) not be例题二You're getting fatter and fatter, you'd better ____________ enough exercise.A) take B) to take C) takingD) took20. be dead 表示死亡的状态Though Ba Jin has been ___________ for four years, he still lives in people's hearts. (death) 21．比较级句型…is one of the + 最高级+ n (pl) … 最……之一比较级+than例题一Now China has become one of ____________ countries in the world.A) most strong B) the most strong C) strongest D) the strongest例题二Computers can work out the difficult problems ____________ than human beings.A) much quickly B) more quick C) far more quickly D) very quickly22.有关thousands / hundreds of 和hundred, thousand数词句型例题一____________ people gave money and clothes to the homeless people through the Red Cross.A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of例题二Gong Yangling from Harbin in china has remembered over 15 ____________ telephone numbers.A) thousand B) thousands C) thousand of D) thousands of例题三It is said that two _______ students are going to enter the contest this Sunday afternoon. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of23．Must…….? 疑问句例题一--- Must 1 finish writing the article right now?--- No, you ____________. You can finish it tomorrow.A) may B) must C) needn't D) can't例题二A: Must I finish my homework right now ?B: No, you ____________. You can relax for a while.A) must B) mustn't C) need D) needn't 24．As……as例题一The little girl looks as ______ as a Barbie Doll.A) lovely B) beautifully C) sweetly D) carefully例题二Nowadays science fiction isn’t as ________ as cartoons among teenagers.A. popularB. more popularC. less popularD. the most popular25．As soon as引导的时间状语从句I’ll give the message to her as soon as she ________.A. is returningB. returnsC. will returnD. returned26．Or 和and 引导的祈使句例题一Work harder, ________ you’ll make greater progress in your English study.A. butB. orC. forD. and例题二Mind your steps as you go, _________ you’ll fall down onto the wet ground.A. andB. butC. orD. so27．Let/make sb do sthThe woman feels that she should let her son _______ his own decision this time.A. makesB. makeC. to makeD. making28. Let’s ……, shall we 的反义疑问句Let’s go and join them in the football match. (改为反意疑问句)Let’s go and join them in the football match, __________ _________?29．Be familiar with / be familiar toXintiandi in Shanghai is now familiar ________ many foreigners.A. onB. withC. fromD. to30．When /while 引导的时间状语从句.I _________ dinner at my friend's house when you called me yesterday evening.A. hadB. have hadC. was havingD. are having。