翻译术语解析

The current definition(1)

1. Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ---------Nida

2. Catford defines translation as “th e replacement of texual material in one language (SL) by equivalent texual matererial in another language (TL)” (1965:21)

3. A good translation is one which has the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.---------Tytler

The current definition(2)

•The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)

----------------Prof. Huang Long Translatology

•翻译是把一种语言所承载的文化信息转换成另一种另一种语言的文化信息，它包括语内翻译、语际翻译和符际翻译。（曹明伦）•翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言表达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译

语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。（孙致礼）

In summary

--Translation is the information transferring between two languages and the cultural communication between two language families.

--Translation is a rendering from one language into another. Translation is an art, a bilingual art, a craft, a skill, an operation and communication.

--Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.

Classification of Translation

a) In terms of languages

• 1. Translation from native languages into foreign languages

• 2. Translation from foreign languages into native languages

b) In terms of mode

• 1. oral interpretation

• 2. written translation

• 3. machine translation

C).SL and TL: Interlingual translation, Intralingual translation, Intersemiotic translation

d). In terms of disposal (处理方式)

• 1. full-text translation （全文翻译)

• 2. abridged /adapted translation

•（摘译/辑译)

•译写？

Tytler’s

•Essay on the Principles of Translation, 1790

• A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;

•The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original;

• A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

Yan Fu’s

•Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance

•“Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought;

•“Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and

sense;

•“Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.

Others’ translation principles (1)

•Lu Xun’s: Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) in opposition to Liang Shi-qiu’s translation principle in 1930s.

•Fu Lei’s : TL should be similar to SL both in Form and in